考研英语精要绝密讲义(看完至少70+)
考研英语70+,阅读最多错几个,错的多该怎么上岸？
三、词汇题
1、标志： 在题目中明确指出某处的单词或者词组，要求辨别其意思。 2、解题关键： 该单词并不重要，重要的是上下文 3、方法： A.返回原文找到包含题干的句子 B.进一步根据句中或句间正反关系确定题干所对应的线索(词，词组，句子) C.利用上下文中逻辑关系将四个选项代入替换，看语义是否通顺 注意：1.如果该单词认识，并且不超纲，那么他的字面意思绝对不是正确答案。其正确答案是 根据上下文推出的更深层的含义，该含义也许与原单词表面意思没有关系(词本无义，义由境生) 2.词汇题和例证题都可以采用代入法验证答案
而且，这也是保守估计，根据数据统计，英语想考70+甚至80+平均只错2~3个，对于现在的我们来说 真是任重道远(大家没事可以算算分提提神)。
分析完了，咱也回到眼前，目前很多同学还没有突破单词和长难句的大关，也就是所谓的看不懂，但是 大家请相信，这个属于记忆层面，花时间是绝对可以弥补的(怕背东西的同学，就抄下来反复看，慢慢 就熟悉了，实力起来就不怕背了)，所以除去记忆层面更为关键的就是技巧!所谓的看懂了，做不对~
就像前两天一个同学所提到的，感觉只有一篇文章看不懂，却错了13个该如何是好;还有另一位同学分 享了一个心酸的“笑话”，他说做了2005年的试题，用2015年的答案对得了24分，用2005年的答案 对，只得了18分。不难看出，即便能大致读懂，做对题也是不容易的。
新东方考研秘密笔记全公开（英语）
新东方考研秘密笔记全公开（英语）新东方考研笔记考研完型填空笔记公开完型填空１、完形考试的特点和测试点：文章不会太长（２４０－３００）；一般来说第一句都是主题句；一般每隔４－１５个词会有一个空；Choose the best one and mark...；任何一个空都是整篇文章的一部分；做题时要考虑整篇文章的信息背景而不是一句话的信息背景；完形的文章体裁：基本上都是以议论文和说明文为主，极个别时会有夹叙夹议，极偶尔时会有叙述文完形的特点：一般会有鲜明的主题；有完整的形式；简洁明了；经常采用总分结构；完形考试的测试点：阅读能力：对文章整体的把握和理解（要读出文章的主题；读出文章的导向或作者态度）要读懂文章上下段、上下句之间的关系；还要读懂句子内部结构；英语知识运用的能力：语法：（占２０％－３０％）习惯用语：（占１０％）词义的辨析和使用：（占６０％－７０％）词义的辨析和使用中的几个误区：只知其一，不知其它；只知大概，不知具体；只知认词，不知辨词；只知词义，不知使用。
用中文的思维，替代英文词的词义。
１、英文的很多词汇都是多意词，而词汇辨析往往就要靠词的多重意义；２、只知道词的大致含义，不知道它具体的解释；３、分辨不出形进次；４、知道词义，不知使用；以往完形题中词性的分布：１动词（２０％）；２名词（１６％）；３形容词和副词（２４％）实词——容易出词义辨析４连词（１６％）；５介词（１０％）；６代词（１０％）虚词——容易考语法和习惯分配２、今年完形考试变化的规律：从题量来看：在２０００年以前为老题型，１０道题，文章长度在１５０－１８０字左右；在２００１年以后题量增加到２０道题，文章长度在２４０－３００字左右。
分值还是１０分；从题材来看：在９６年以前以科普类文章为主；从９７年以后以社会科学类文章为主；按大趋势来说社科类文章会占主流；科普类文章的一些特点：时态比较简单，一般以现在时为主；文章结构简单，句子以判断句为主；为什么说新题型比旧题型难是因为阅读量增加了吗？不是是因为新题型大量使用了复杂句（复合句）；以９４与２００１年考题为例为什么说复杂句难？句子内部结构复杂要注意找句子的基本结构，先找道主干，而后逐层向下分析。
2014考研英语语法讲义
考研语法讲义——长难句分析策略主讲讲师：连俊霞总论：一、考研语法在各题型直接命题点的体现：1.阅读：定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句------现在分词、过去分词、比较结构------主语从句。
2.完形：定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句------现在分词、过去分词------主语从句、比较结构、同位语从句。
3.翻译：定语从句------状语从句、宾语从句、现在分词------过去分词------比较结构、倒装------同位语从句、表语从句。
二、英语句法规则：一个句子中有且只能有一个核心动词。
㈠分号和并列连词可以连接多个独立的句子，构成并列句；多个句子之间是平等关系；多句的动词共同构成句子的核心动词。
㈡复合句分为主句和从句两部分，由从属连词连接；主句的动语是核心动词；主从句之间属于上下级关系。
三、长难句分析六步走1.(2010Text4) These (changes) gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets (非流动资产) and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statements (损益计算).2. （2001完形）The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases such as the trial of Rosemary West.3. （2005Text1）Whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is , as yet, an unanswered question.(2005-25) What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.4. (2008Text2) The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality.四、基本知识补充1. 句子成分：主干成分——主语、谓语/系词、宾语/表语修饰成分——定语、状语和补语例：When it comes to English test, he, who is a college student, considers grammar most important.2. 由词到句的扩展：除谓语和补语外，任何其他句子成分都可以用句子代替单词或短语构成从句。
2016考研英语-真题分析及复习攻略
对于任何一门英语考试，真题的重要性都是任何其他练习题和模拟题无可比拟的，真题体现最正统的出题风格，吃透了真题就能把出题人的出题思路摸的八九不离十，才能按照出题人的思路答出高分答案。
而考研英语的全部复习内容和技巧，都可以从真题中衍生出来。
▶真题题型分析表笔者在考研英语的复习中，80%的时间都用在了真题上。
在此不妨随笔者一同分析真题的特点。
题型分值特点复习策略阅读理解 40分提升速度缓慢。
分配大部分复习时间。
写作 30分完型填空 10分做得好的和做得差相差不大，即使不看题直接选答案也不会差太多，是整张试卷最为“鸡肋”的部分。
不用特意复习，分配最少的时间。
新题型 10分对大部分人来说，此题难度不大，且提升较快。
分配时间在完形填空和翻译之间。
翻译 10分较难，但是这部分的提升空间很大。
在三种10分的题型中分配最多的时间。
▶关于背单词的两大误区1、背诵单词就是要能灵活用所有单词从长期英语学习来看，这种看法是对的，但从应试的角度来说，就未必了。
通过真题分析得出，真题考查的词汇层次归纳起来有两种，一是阅读词汇，一是写作词汇，这和我们脑海中的词汇类型也相匹配。
阅读词汇就是我们在阅读过程中，看到就能在脑海中反应出意思的单词，也称被动词汇;而写作词汇则是我们掌握得更深刻的一种，我们在写作或口语表达中能主动地使用它们，也称主动词汇。
在大多数人的“库存”中，阅读词汇量都远远大于写作词汇量，这是因为阅读词汇的积累比写作词汇容易很多：可能一个生词我们见过两三次后再看到就知道是什么意思了，这样它就进入了我们的阅读词汇库;但要把它变成写作词汇，则要对它进行更多主动地记忆，甚至反复进行使用练习。
那么真题又是怎么考查单词的呢?完型填空考句型语法、短语搭配，需要对单词用法和搭配熟悉;阅读理解考查的是句意理解(尤其是长句)、文章大意;翻译考查的是理解句意并有效组织中文语言;写作考核的是有逻辑地组织英语语言。
因此，在应试中，我们并不需要一视同仁的记忆单词书上所有的单词。
考研英语精读的方法
考研英语精读的方法1.多看考研阅读题源文章大部分短文选自一些报刊杂志，所以大家在日常复习中，多参照一下考研英语阅读文章，培养语感的同时，还能帮助自己分析句子结构。
2.自己动手多翻译阅读中有些句型或句子结构特别是长句、难句必须多看，自己动手多翻译。
只有这样做才干把全文看懂，答题才有真正的把握。
自己在做阅读的时候也试着翻译一下，做完阅读可以把解析中分析的很具体的长难句好好研究一下。
考研英语阅读解题规律1)解题顺序先阅读题目，再读文章。
在题目中标出定位线索词语。
了解文章大意。
2)阅读文章阅读时，每读完一段，标出段落中心句，总结段落大意。
同时标出题中的定位线索词语。
3)解题规律：事实细节题迅速定位到原文，精读与问题相关的部分，准确理解文章的含义。
题目选项的特点是原文的同义转述，因此，堆叠原文，选项中意思与原文最为接近的为正确答案。
细节题错误选项的特点：对细节进行推理的必错。
偷梁换柱，利用原文中出现的词汇但是意思已经改变的必错。
细节题中如果有两个相近的答案，语气上绝对的错，客观的对。
主旨题(例证题)有全文主旨题和段落主旨题。
例证题和主旨题是同一的，题中的选项可能是原文主旨的同义表述，其解题顺序为：(1)快速作文法，依据不同选项的侧重点进行快速作文，迅速排除掉与原文不符的选项，如果某选项经过快速作文后的重点与原文一致，则为正确选项。
如果快速作文后选项的范围缩小到几个选项上，则依据主旨题的分类采纳以下两种方法进行筛选。
(2)关于全文主旨题，把各段的主旨串一下，对比选项，能够包涵这些段落主旨的选项为正确选项。
(3)关于段落主旨题(例证题)，90%向上找，10%向下找，可以发现该例论证的主旨，选项中与该论点最为一致的为正确答案。
主旨题错误选项的特点：只包涵局部信息，包涵的内容多于文章内容，包涵文章中不存在的内容。
例证题中错误选项的特点：偷换概念、无中生有，就事论事。
把例子中的某一点进行排列或者是进行推理，必错。
3考研英语作文提升方法阶段一：整理记忆有些同学可能在暑期报过课程，那么现在即必须要整理课堂笔记。
商志主讲：考研英语词汇考点逐词精讲第一个月讲义全集 (应试宝直播版)
课程名称 考研英语词汇逐词精讲 3147词汇 每晚22 20直播 主讲名师 商志配套资料 考研大趋势 系列丛书之一 红皮 的两本书考研英语词典考研英语传奇背词班讲义 2016版热烈 商 老师讲 的 考研英语词汇逐词精讲 课程直播满左口 进古口 古巧日----古古 古工日远！直播继续中…………………1. 更多资料和方法，请登录并细读 商志老师新浪微博 商志考研英语 商志老师编写的全部资料和图书 含大学英语四六级 考研英语传奇高分系列图书 ，请点击/category-521577225.htm?spm=a1z 10.1.w4010-7968507246.9.4fz9FO&search=y&catName=%D3%A2% D3%EF#bd3. 商志老师讲授的传奇高分系列课程，含 传奇背词班 阅读基础班 阅读强化班 写作强化班 翻译强化班 完型填空强化班 新题型强化班 冲刺班 模考点题班 传奇作文面授班 ，请在全国各地启航各分校或教学点 燕园各分校及教学点 高联各分校及教学点听课4 商志老师做客中国教育在线 启航龙腾网校 腾讯 网易等各大门户为大家指导四六级 考研英语复习的课程，会通过商志老师的新浪微博 商志考研英语 发布链接，请每天访问该微博，以免错过重要直播前言1.考研英语考试大 对词汇的要求最 考研英语考试大 指 考生应能掌握5 500 的词汇第一，考研英语考试大 词汇表 续 2015 2014 2013 未 来大 词汇表完全一 ，既没 增 任何一个单词， 没 删 任何一个单词考研英语 ，2013 考试大 2012 考试大 增 了60个单词 增的60个单词 原来的单词一 是5500个第 ，考研英语考试大 规定，阅读 解中 到3%的超 词 要求考生学 据 文 测生词的第 ，考研英语考试大 对英语一和英语 的单词 的要求是完全一 的 就是 ，本单词课程既是对英语一的要求， 是对英语 的要求第四，教育部考研英语考试大 只是列 了5500个 的单词，可是 个单词并没 给 中文意思要掌握 考研英语词汇的考 和知识 ，绝 能靠背那 意思很多很全的厚厚的词汇书，那 背单词毫无针对性，属于粗放型的英语复 模式 在 种单词书 或者 ，一个单词 数个意思，可考研 就 门考 中的某一 个意思， 他意思从来 考要掌握 个词在考研英语 一特定语境中要考的意思， 个单词要考的考 和知识 ，只 个 法 一是在做考研英语题的过程中去发 去记 个单词要考的那个意思 那个搭配 是通过认 据考研英语35 题整 来的 个单词的考 知识 个课程，或者认 看 据考研英语35 题整 来的 个单词的考 知识 编写 来的 3147 词汇 和 考研英语词 书2.背单词的目的是什 ？对考研的 学们来 ，做题猛才是 的猛，做题猛才能考 高 ，考入梦想的好学校读研， ，背单词的目的显然就是 了做题可是 们明显发 大学 来 们 背的单词 但背了 了背，而 使 单词 过 断 力， 于感觉背过了，可等到做题的时候就 好使了 写 文时，能用 的单词都是中学时学过的单词，大学 学过的单词 本想 到要用！ 做阅读时，大学 学过的单词明显感觉 过， 朦胧晕眩似 非 ！ 做完形时，明明感觉四个选项都认识， 对 节无法 析， 是做 对题！大学 来背单词和做题 脱节了！胜于 ，大学 用过的方法背单词,效果 在 差 要再用 方法 那应该怎 背单词才能达到做题猛的目的呢?3. 了做题猛，背单词唯一 确的方法直接背 据历 题 来的 个单词考试要考的考 知识 ！本课程 本人 讲全部课程，都是完全按照应试教学法 大家 考什 就学什 ， 大家少背了东西， 多考 ，是之 针对性极 的应试教学法们一起 用 奇的应试教学法高 考研， 人生中一 人生的 煌！考研路 ，商 商 的课 商 的书， 一 都和你在一起！4.示范suspend [sə'spend] v. 停例1 The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.例2 In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.address [ə'dres] v./n. 讲话v．解 问题例1 If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.例2 Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.第2---6讲1.import v./n. 要意例1 The full import may take a while to sink in.例2 On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.2.no longer = not any longer = no more = not any more 再…3.not…just yet 尚未， 没mand v./n. 命 掌握， 用例1 command the English language with skill and gift.例2 have a good command over computer5.gift n. 赋例1 literary gift piano gift例2 It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.6.aspire to (do) sth. [ə'spaɪə(r)] 接 词 定式表示追求的目标渴望做例1 They don’t aspire to command the English language well.例2 As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders. 心勃勃的例3 It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. 抱负 热望 向 渴望7.degrade v. 退化degradation n. 退化，档 降upgrade v. 升 grade n. 别8.linguist n. 语言学家linguistic a. 语言的linguistics n. 语言学language n. 语言9.controversy n. 公开 论 争议controversial a. 争议的，引起争议的contrary a. 相 的on the ~ 恰恰相10.mixed a. 混 的mix11.counter-culture 统文化12.permit n. 许可证，执照v. 允许，许可= licence driving ~ 驾照medical ~permissive a. 容 宽容的 许可的，放纵的permissible a. 许可的， 禁 的not forbidden 禁13.gradual a. 逐渐的grade n. ，等14.cult n. 狂热地崇 ，迷信 邪教cult practitioner 邪教 者，邪教人员15.authentic a. 的， 的 可信的true genuine 的16.performative a. 表演性 的perform v. 表演 操 ，执行~ a task 执行一项任performance n. 表演 表 We are amazed at Liu Qian’s ~outstanding ~ excellent ~ 异的表 ，卓 的 就17.genre n. 文学 艺术的 类型，体裁，流派，种类，型式，风格18.spontaneity n. 自发性，自spontaneous a. 自发的，自然的注 sponsor speaksimultaneously ad. 时= meanwhile19.artistic a. 艺术性的20.craft n. 技艺， 意的行aircraft n. 航空handicraft n. 手 艺品craftsman n. 艺人craftsmanship n. 手艺21.entertaining a. 人赏心悦目的， 快的= interestingentertainerentertain22.an array of 大 ，许多= arrays ofchunks of = lots ofa host ofa variety of23.document v. 记录n. 文 ，文档filedoctor24.expressive a. 表 力的talkative a. 健谈的imaginative a. 富 想象力的creative a. 创造力的25.dialect n. 方言standard language26.convey v. 用 画 文 等 达，表达27.temporary ['tempəreri] a. 临时的例1 ~ residence permit 暂 证例2 …market prices largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. 场 格很大程度 了 场暂时的非流 性，而 是坏 的可能程度例3 temporary delight28.permanent ['pɜːrmənənt] a. 长期，永久的perpetual [pər'petʃuəl]persistent [pər'sɪstənt]consistent [kən'sɪstənt] consistently例1 celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip. 明 妈妈永 都是闲聊时的谈资例2 perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents例3 persistent nightmares persistent innovation例4 consistent policy29．component [kəm'poʊnənt] n. ，ingredient [ɪn'ɡriːdiənt]element ['elɪmənt]例1 Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.例2 creativity and practical knowledge are components critical to problem solving and life success.例3 Investors now view stock-market swings as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. 0例4 Ready access is a key element of scientific endeavor.30.the least… the most…31.formulate ['fɔːrmjuleɪt] v. 明确地阐述，阐明，规划例1 A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that……例2 For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”32.on line 在线online journal online spyingconduct online transactionsoff line 在线，断线Dreams regulate moods while the brain is “off-line.”33.harness ['hɑːrnɪs] v. 制… 产生 力，对… 利用，利用例1 harness solar energy to heat homes. 利用 能 宅供暖harness water to generate electricity 利用水来发电例2 Dreams can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control.人们 仅能 制梦，而 能对梦 行 目的 意识的 制34.conscious ['kɑːnʃəs] a. 意识的 知觉的unconscious a. 潜意识的 失去知觉的例1 state of consciousnessOne can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams例2 our unconscious desires and fearsThis is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.35.depressed [dɪ'prest] a. 抑的，精 沮丧的delight [dɪ'laɪt] n./v. 高 ，快乐第7 8讲36.generate ['dʒenəreɪt] v. 产生，生 引起，例1 The Aswan Dam is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.阿 旺大坝 在充满了如 多的淤泥 于几乎发 了电例2 Negative feelings are frequently generated during the day.在 ，人们常常产生负面情绪例3 All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession----with the possible exception of journalism.在全世界，律师 任何 他职业的人们产生更多的敌意----- 闻业可能是个例外例4 generate income 产生收入37.be occupied with 被…占据occupy ['ɑːkjupaɪ]v. 占领occupation n. 占领例1 Our conscious mind is occupied with daily life and we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events.们的大脑由日常生活占据着， 们 总是思考 发生的 情对情感的影响例2 Liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡhad weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”战 由美 占领 局引 的自由化改革消弱了日本人对尊敬父母的道德 念38.occur [ə'kɜːr] v. 发生 想起recur [rɪ'kɜːr] v. 复 ，再 ，再发生例1 Part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle.最 的 济增长部 地是由于发生在一个 济周期 的 一个时间 的常规的 例2 When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.定辞去 的全职 时， 从未想到过 一个 的 潮流的一员39.vision['vɪʒn]n. 视力 视觉 眼 洞察力 想象力envision [ɪn'vɪʒn] V. 想 ，设想visual ['vɪʒuəl] a. 视觉的visualize ['vɪʒuəlaɪz] v. 设想，想象，使…视觉化例1 General Motors seems to have problems with its business vision rather than managerial practices.例2 the capacity to visualize objects40.uncertain [ʌn'sɜːrtn] n. 确定的uncertainty [ʌn'sɜːrtnti] n. 确定 因素例1 The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain.例2 Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.41.secure [sɪ'kjʊə(r)] a. 安全的v. 保 ，使安全security n. 安全 保证 证券 债券insecurity n. 安全 感例1 financially secure例2 A desire to secure a better life for all prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme.例3 data insecurity例4 Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety.例5 A Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.例6 For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model.第9 10讲42.nightmare ['naɪtˌmeə]n. 梦bad dreams例1 But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.可是，大多数法学 业 业生都没得到大公司的职 他们中很多只是沦 了 人 的诉讼案的文 整 员， 就使得侵 制度 了昂贵的 梦例2 Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.持久 到 梦困扰的人应 求 生的43. therapy ['θerəpi] n. 疗法，治疗therapist n. 师，治疗师remedy ['remədi]cure [kjʊr]treat例1 aggressive pain management therapies 大胆的疼痛处置 法例2 As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.一个民 , 们可能在 求 可能奏效的治疗方法 花钱 多,而在研究能提高人们生活 的更 常的方法 花钱 少例3 Tighten the belt, the single remedy. 勒紧腰带，唯一的 法例4 Scientists should strive to develop new cures. 科学家应该 力研发 的疗法例5 Even a great health-care system cannot cure death 便 大的 疗卫生体系 治 了死亡例6 Physicians are often frustrated by their inability to cure certain diseases.生常常由于 能治 某 疾病而深感挫折例7 social cure 社 治疗例8 the treatment of diseases 疾病的治疗例9 Animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments andvaccines.研发 疗法 将来的更多 疗法和疫苗都需要 物研究43.modify ['mɑːdɪfaɪ] v. 修改，更改，改modification [ˌmɑːdɪfɪ'keɪʃn]n. 修改，更改例1 Dreams can be modified in their courses. 梦在 过程中可 改例2 genetic modification 遗 改 ，改 基因例3 Newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.版的学术 可信的发 似乎 要 人信服，可是都 可能 到未来的研究人员的 疑 驳斥或潜在的修44.susceptible [sə'septəbl] a. 易 …影响的(=vulnerable = subject)be susceptible to 容易 到… 的影响或破坏例1 Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men.在面对 力时， 男性相 ，女性更可能患抑郁症和焦虑症例2 Behaviors are susceptible to emotional changes.行 容易 到情感 化的影响45. rid [rɪd] v. / n. 除，消灭，除例1 Waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.时醒来对于驱走 梦是必须的46.rob [rɑːb] v. 盗窃，偷窃robbery ['rɑːbəri] n. 盗窃，偷窃thief [θiːf] n. 小偷，贼theft thieverysteal [stiːl] v. 偷第11讲47．antismoking n. 对吸烟anti-graft n. 腐 anti-corruptioncounterbalance n. 用力，起抵制 用的力driving force = positive forces 的力 ，积极的力48.lobby n./v. 游 者例1 Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working.例2 Smokers assert that the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life.49.nonsense n. 无稽之谈50.grave n. 坟墓adj. 的， 峻的graveyard n. 坟场，墓地aggravate v. 恶化， ， 剧例1 Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple.例2 Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.例3 Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages.例4 The guild-like ownership structure aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.51．outcome n. 果,结局=consequence例1 Global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth have roused widespread concern among ecologists.例2 Neurologists used to consider dreams as a random outcome of neural repairs.例3 Concentrating as much on technique as on outcome is of great importance.例4 As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.第12讲1.awake [ə'weɪk] a. 醒着的awaken [ə'weɪkən] v. 醒来 唤醒 使 们意识到wake up 唤醒in the wake of = after 在……之例1 The brain is as active during sleep as it is when fully awake.大脑在在 们睡 期间和完全醒着时是 等活跃的例2 Scientists try to awaken us to the growing threat of smog.科学家 力使 们意识到雾霾 来 大的威胁例3 As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.你一醒来，就弄清楚是什 使你的梦难例4 We wake up from dreams happy, depressed or panicked, and those feelings can stay with us all day.们从梦中醒来， 时感到高 ， 时感到 抑或恐慌， 情绪 一整 都伴 着 们 例5 Advertising emerged in the wake of the opening and reform.广告紧 改革开放而例6 The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.联邦巡回法院的行 是在最高法院最 做 的一系列判 之 行的 最高法院最 的一系列判 缩小了对 利持 人的保 范围2.enlist [ɪn'lɪst] v. 募，例1 A panel of scientists from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, warns that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem islargely man-made.来自 家科学院 由 宫 的一个科学家小 提醒 们 地球 的大气确定在 暖，而 个问题 要是人 的3.atmosphere ['ætməsfɪr]n. 大气 氛围例1 These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.人大 地写 版，读者遍 旧大 ， 英格 营造了一种求知氛围例2 The 19th-century department stores offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.19世纪的 商店在一种高 的氛围中提供了琳 满目的商品第13讲1.get moving to do sth. 积极行 起来去做某例 we should get moving to protect our planet.们应该积极行 起来保 们的地球2.judgment ['dʒʌdʒmənt] n. 判断= judgement n.judge v. 判断n. 法例 At the same time, the American Law Institute —a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight— issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.时，美 法律学 --------一群建议极 的法 律师和大学老师------- 侵 法发 了 的指 原则， 一原则规定 公司 必就显而易 的危 提醒 客户注意， 必列 一份冗长的可能发生的危 来轰 客户3.quarter ['kwɔːrtər] n. 四 之一 一 钟 一季度 方向quarters ['kwɒtə(r)s] n. 处，营 (公司的)总部= headquarters4.fume [fjuːm]n. 烟雾= smog例 Regardless of the severity of the air conditions, many a factories keep pouring fumes into the air which greatly aggravates the already explosive situation.许多公司 顾空气状况的 性，一直在 空气中排放烟雾， 烟雾使早 峻的形势更 恶化第14讲1.insurance policy 保 单例1 unemployment insurance or disability insurance失业保 或伤残保例2 With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.着风 日益明显而 来 大，一个谨慎的民 应该拿 保 单来2.take…seriously 很 视…，认 的对待take…for granted 认 …. 应take it for grantedtake it easy 别着急，放轻松3.press n. 闻界 版社 刊 闻舆论v. ，按press for 催逼，敦促，迫 要求= urge例1 These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press.人视 闻写 他们的 职，并 自 的 品 日都能 诸 端而感到自豪例2 Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research 他们 是指定行 方案，而是继续要求 行更多的研究4.classic ['klæsɪk] a. 的， 型的a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”classical music 音乐classical musicians 音乐家5.steward n. 管 员，乘 员，监 人例 To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate.地球的负责人的 人， 们必须 紧 行大气和海洋研究 但是仅 研究是 够的6.preserve [prɪ'zɜːrv] v. 保持n. 独占的范围, 属的领域例1 The novel’s hero avoids being civilized —— going to school and learning to read —— so he can preserve his innate goodness.本小 的 人公避免了被教化-----去 学，学知识------因 他能保持他 生的善良例2 Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.的愤慨感似乎 仅仅是人类 特 的第15讲背单词绝It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove theauthors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.第16讲1．incentive [ɪn'sentɪv] n. 鼓励， 激 措施例 A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start.西 州的民 党参议员Robert Byrd提交的一份法案是一个 前途的开端 该法案将 私营企业提供 济奖励2. environmentally sound 境良好的ecologically sound 生态好的cognitively sound 认知好的recognize v. 认3. correlation [ˌkɔːrə'leɪʃn]n. 相互 联例 There was no conclusive evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.吸烟 死亡之间的相互 系没 充 证据4. insignificant [ˌɪnsɪɡ'nɪfɪkənt] a. 要， 显著的例1 The number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.在过去的几十 烟民过早死亡的人数 多例2 A significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.大 无家可 的人 的精 疾病5. investigation n. 调查例 The professors are cautious about intellectual investigation.教 们对知识研究感到好奇6. hinder v. 阻碍，妨碍例 Endless studies hinders progress.没完没了的研究 阻碍7. extensive a. 广泛的，大 的例1 extensive reading 泛读例2 These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.第17讲1.aid n./v. 援 ，辅offer aid 提供 receive aid 接2.power stations 发电站power plant(s) 发电厂例1 Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.许多人们看到 准备建设一 的发电厂来满足 们的能源需求例2 Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams.建设大坝，水力发电 制洪水 灌溉都是可能的例3 The corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon, in late 2002.该公司在2002 晚 时候购买了 蒙特州唯一的 电站，那是一个在弗农的 在老化的 应堆例4 The vehicles are powered by solar energy.机 车是由 能提供 力的3.former a./n. 前者latter n./a. 者late a. 故的 到的ad 晚 时候latest a. 最 的，最 的lately ad. 最 = recently例1 The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony.英 人 德 人 荷 人 法 人都在英 的 块前殖民地 行了投资例2 Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly.然， 在 相 ，人们对 标 的 趣似乎并没 弱例3 the latest revolution 最 的革命the latest development 最 态Ravitch’s latest book traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our society.拉维奇最 的一本书追溯了 们的社 读书无用论的 源例4 At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.处在 场争论 心的是格莱德.莱温 ，他56岁，在1992 他接替了 故的 蒂芬 罗4.pleasure ['pleʒər] n. 快乐= happiness / joy n. 快乐pleasant ['pleznt] n. 人 快的joyousmisery ['mɪzəri] n. 痛苦= sufferingmiserable ['mɪzrəbl] n. 痛苦的例1 Children make parents either happy or miserable.孩子使父母要 快乐 要 痛苦例2 You could argue that today’s art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen too much misery.你可能 认 ，艺术 得更 疑快乐是由于 今时 发生了 多痛苦第18讲1.reputation [ˌrepju'teɪʃn] n. 誉= fame例1 He has a reputation for slacking.例2 His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.例3 A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.荡的商业 境 使得高管们 得十 小心，谨 模棱 可的表态损坏自 的声誉例4 If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.如果 述情况发生，狂热的消 者 力 服 他人来抵制某 产品，从而危 目标企业的声誉例5 Ambition may be well regarded if it is rewarded with wealth, fame and power2.slack [slæk] v. 懒散，懈怠 济的 气，萧条例1 Conventional measures suggest that our economy has little productive slack.常规的指标显示 济没 生产力的 气例2 slack rivals 懒散的对手3.underlying [ˌʌndər'laɪɪŋ] a. 潜在的， 的 基础的，在 面的 基本的 词underlie的 在 词例1 underlying assumption 潜在的臆定/假设例2 underlying trend 潜在的 势4.grievance['ɡriːvəns]n. 难过，伤心= griefgrieve [ɡriːv]v. 感到难过，伤心grave [ɡreiv] n. 坟墓例1 sense of grievance例2 He is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.第19讲1.study ['stʌdi]n. / v. 研究inquiry =enquiry [ɪn'kwaɪrɪ] n. 研究，钻研 咨询，询问例1 Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.对大坝 制水的利弊 行科学 效的研究 于解 突例2 The word demographers refers to scientists engaged in the study of population.人 统计学家指 门从 人 研究的科学家例3 The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline.例4 scientific study = scientific enquiry = scientific inquiry例5 intellectual inquiry 知识探究，钻研知识Historical study 历 学研究2.suggest v. 表明，显示= reveal =indicate=show=demonstrate3.cute [kjuːt] a. 小 可爱的例1 The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.该 封面 ，一 美 人的母亲抱着一个可爱的婴儿， 并非本周 摊 唯一 的圣母 圣子的形象例2 They look cute They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily.4.behavior n. 行 ， = conduct例1 This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.是 力的一种特别的表 ， 们 无意识的模范 们 看到的行5.exchange v. / n. 交换，交流stock exchange 证券交易第20讲1.token ['toʊkən]n. 标 ， 物，象 物例1 The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.例2 If one monkey received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.2.adjoining [ə'dʒɔɪnɪŋ] a. 毗邻的，隔壁的joint [dʒɔɪnt] a. 联 的， 接的， 的例1 Flames burned out two adjoining houses.例2 When two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its token, their behaviour became markedly different.3.luxury n. 奢侈(品)，豪luxurious a. 奢侈的，豪 的例 In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).第21讲1.induce [ɪn'duːs] v. ，引起 引 ，例 induce resentment2.toss [tɔːs]v. 扔，投，抛例 The monkeys either tossed their own token at the researcher or out of the chamber3.cooperative a. 的， 的imaginative talkative creative instructive4.right n. 利 a. 确的 a./ n. 边 的righteous ['raɪtʃəs] a. 直的， 的， 道 的upright ['ʌpraɪt] a. 直立的例1 animal rights advocates例2 Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.例3: feelings of righteous indignation例4 Human height is conditioned by the upright posture. That is, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.5.indignation [ˌɪndɪɡ'neɪʃn]n. 愤，愤慨，气愤indignant [ɪn'dɪɡnənt] a. 气愤的，愤慨的，愤怒的例1 Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.例2 People are indignant by their shooting of innocent civilians.第22讲1.pedestrian [pə'destriən] n. 行人bipedal [ˌbaɪ'piːdl] a. 足的， 足 物的bipedal posture2.abound [ə'baʊnd] v. 大 在， 皆是，充足 盛产，多产abundant [ə'bʌndənt] a. 丰富的，大 的abundantly [ə'bʌndəntli] adv. 大 地，非常地例1 As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.例2 In the everyday practice of science, opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.例3 It is crucial to explore our planet’s abundant resources.例4 Refusing a lesser reward completely makes their dissatisfaction abundantly clear to other members of the group.3.ancestor ['ænsestər]n. 祖 ，前例1 distant ancestors例2 common ancestor例3 When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10 000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.4.be jealous of ['dʒeləs] 嫉妒envy ['envi] v. 羡慕 妒 n. 羡慕/妒 的对象例1 Monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.例2 Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.第23讲5.be inclined to 容易…，倾向于…inclination [ˌɪnklɪ'neɪʃn] n. 倾向，意愿例1 Females are more inclined to weigh the value of “goods and services” that they get than males.例2 Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.例3 Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.例4 the inclination to rely on others6.instruction [ɪn'strʌkʃn]n. 指示，指 教学 教 明instructive [ɪn'strʌktɪv] a. 教育意 的例 Those who are attentive to teachers’ instructions are inclined to be expert performers.7.temperament ['temprəmənt] n. 性情，气例 A girl with nice appearance and temperament are more likely to have a tragic or unfortunate end of life.8.generous ['dʒenərəs] a. 慷慨的，大度的例1 generous pensions例2 Australian’s Northern Territory is more generous than any other states.9．companion [kəm'pæniən] n. 伴， 伴，朋 ，伴侣company ['kʌmpəni] n. 伴，伴 公司accompany [ə'kʌmpəni] v. 伴 伴 … 时发生例1 He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investorsare waiting impatiently.例2 Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.第24讲1.entertain [ˌentər'teɪn]v. 款待， 待entertaining [ˌentər'teɪnɪŋ] a. 趣的entertainer [ˌentər'teɪnər] n. 娱乐界人士例1 Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers to add some flavor to their own daily life.例2 The trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture.例3 News about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.2.entrepreneur [ˌɑːntrəprə'nɜːr] n. 企业家enterprise ['entərpraɪz] n. 企业例1 Athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs fill the screen.例2 The American semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises.例3 That the cost of computing power continues to free fall is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon.3.scholar ['skɑːlər] n. 学者scholarship ['skɑːlərʃɪp] n. 奖学金例1 scholarly journals例2 Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so.例3 Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect.4.practical education 用型教育， 践教育例 Practical education intends students practical abilities for future career.第25讲1．for the sake of… 了…而on the behalf of… 了 表例1 pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge例2 An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.例3 If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—health, distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf.例4 The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.2．counterbalance [ˌkaʊntər'bæləns] n. 对…起 衡 用，抵消(的力 ) driving force 的力例1 American schools are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.例2 A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.例3 The greater customer demand is one of the driving forces behind globalization.3.anything but 一 …， 本 …第26讲1. reject ['riːdʒekt]v. 拒绝接 ，抵制= resist = resent = repel例1 Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.例2 Devoted concert-goers ignore the expenses of live performances and reject most kinds of recorded performances.2. vulnerable ['vʌlnərəbl] a. (be ~ to) 容易 到… (负面)影响，易 …攻vulnerability [ˌvʌlnərə'bɪləti] n. 漏洞，弱 易 攻例1 Large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.例2 Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.例3 Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress than men.例4 potential vulnerabilities3. exploit [ɪk'splɔɪt] v. 开发，开采 利用 剥削exploitation [ˌeksplɔɪ'teɪʃn] n. 开发，开采 利用 剥削例1: Over-exploitation in some old fisheries has aroused widespread concern.例2 While traditional “paid” media — such as television commercials and print advertisements — still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.4. rate [reɪt] n. 率 别。
考研英语需要掌握些语法口诀
考研英语需要掌握些语法口诀考研英语需要掌握哪些语法口诀阅读在考研中的作用和地位很重要，我们在复习的时候，需要抓住重点。
为大家精心准备了考研英语背诵语法的技巧，欢送大家前来阅读。
1、现在进展时Look, Listen是标志，现在进展正发生;有时now在句中现，“be+v-ing”时态成。
假设问be用何形式，须看主语数、人称。
三单is我am,你和复数are紧随 (即：He / She is, I am. We, you,they后are紧跟)。
v-ing形式更好记，三种构成要分清。
一般问句be提前，be后not否认成!2、一般现在时一般现在时态中，动词一般用原形。
表述事实讲真理，习惯动作常发生。
动词词尾加-s(es)，只表单数三人称。
假设变一般疑问句，得看句型是哪种。
系表构造和there be, be放句首即完成;假设遇实义动词句，do或does莫忘记!3、一般过去时肯定句的过去式。
规那么动词加ed，不规那么的必须记。
否认形式疑问句，没有be加did。
如把did加在前，动词还要归原形。
4、基数词变序数词基变序，很容易，一二三，特殊记，th从四起。
八去t来九去e，遇到ve，f替，ty变为tie，后加th莫迟疑，假设想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。
5、时间介词巧记歌年、月、季节前用in， (如：in xx, in September, in spring)日期前面行不通。
遇到几号或星期改用on来做代替， (如：on January 1，onWedesday)上午、下午、晚上仍用in。
(如：in themorning/afternoon/evening)假设是某日上下午，也是用on才能行。
(如：on theevening of the Mid-autumn Day)正午、夜里用at， (如：at noon, at night)时、分用法也同理。
(如：, at two, at two)如假设“差”点须加to， (如：two to two)如假设“过”点改past。
刘晓艳考研英语绝密提分课程冲刺讲义
刘晓艳考研英语绝密提分课程冲刺讲义1、话题作文Nowadays, there are more and more ___X___ in ___X___ . It is estimated that___X___ . Why have there been so many ___X___ ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is___X___ . Besides, ___X___The third one is___X___ . To sum up, the main cause of it is due to ___X___ . It is high time that something were done upon it. For onething ___X___ . For another thing, ___X___ . All these measures will certainly reduce the number of___X___ .2、对比观点作文（1.有一些人认为。
2．另一些人认为。
3．我的看法。
）The topic of ___X___is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason ___X___What is more, ___X___. Moreover,___X___.While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,___X___. Secondly (besides),___X___. Thirdly (finally),___X___.From my point of view, I think ___X___. The reason is that ___X___. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former/latter is surely a wise choice .3、议论文Along with the advance of the society more and more controversial issues have been brought toour attention, one of which is that....随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是_________。
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考研英语（一）真题资料图书排行榜
T op 1: 《考研真相》
推荐指数：★★★★★
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Top2: 《历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路》
推荐指数：★★★★☆
适用人群：考研英语一，适用于基础较好的考生（学习解题技巧）
推荐理由：着重把握语篇分析和总结命题方法，重在分析文章脉络，对解题过程及解题思路的涉及较少，适合英语基础比较好的考生使用。
Top 3: 《真题汇编王》
推荐指数：★★★☆☆
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考生可用来了解真题全貌；反复自测真练并且查漏补缺。