外文翻译 -面对绿色贸易壁垒升级
本科毕业论文外文翻译
本科毕业论文外文翻译Undergraduate Thesis External Translation (700 Words)Title: The Impact of Social Media on Consumer Behavior Abstract:With the rapid development of social media, its influence on consumer behavior has drawn increasing attention from scholars and marketers. This paper aims to explore the impact of social media on consumer behavior from the perspective of information acquisition, interpersonal communication, and brand evaluation. Through a literature review and analysis, it is found that social media has a significant impact on consumer behavior by providing easy access to information, facilitating communication between consumers, and influencing brand perception. This research provides valuable insights for marketers in understanding and utilizing social media platforms to effectively engage with consumers and influence their purchasing decisions.1. IntroductionSocial media has become an integral part of people's daily lives, and its impact on consumer behavior cannot be ignored. This paper aims to investigate the impact of social media on consumer behavior and provide practical implications for marketers. The research question is: How does social media influence consumer behavior in terms of information acquisition, interpersonal communication, and brand evaluation?2. Information Acquisition2.1 Social media provides a platform for consumers to easilyaccess information about products and services. Through social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, consumers can obtain product reviews, comparisons, and recommendations from peers. This information influences consumers' purchasing decisions and enhances their knowledge about products.2.2 Social media also serves as a source of entertainment and inspiration, enabling users to discover new trends and products. Influencers and celebrities, who gain popularity through social media, often endorse products and create consumer desire for these items. This form of indirect advertising through social media has a significant impact on consumer behavior.3. Interpersonal CommunicationSocial media platforms enable users to interact with friends, family, and even strangers. This communication aspect of social media hasa direct influence on consumer behavior.3.1 Word-of-mouth (WOM) communication through social media is prevalent. Consumers often share their positive or negative experiences with products on social media platforms, which influence others' opinions and purchasing decisions. These online conversations have a wide reach and can greatly impact brand perception.3.2 Social media facilitates communication between consumers and brands. Consumers can directly communicate with brands through social media channels, providing feedback, asking questions, and seeking assistance. This two-way communicationimproves customer satisfaction and loyalty.4. Brand Evaluation4.1 Social media plays a crucial role in brand evaluation. Consumers often seek information about brands, their values, and their reputation on social media platforms. Positive or negative brand mentions and reviews on social media greatly influence consumers' perceptions of brands, leading to either increased or decreased brand trust and loyalty.4.2 Social media influencers and celebrities endorsing particular brands also impact brand evaluation. These individuals' recommendations and opinions can greatly influence consumers' perceptions and preferences for specific brands.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, social media has a significant impact on consumer behavior by influencing information acquisition, interpersonal communication, and brand evaluation. Marketers should utilize and engage with social media platforms to effectively reach and influence their target customers. This research provides insights for marketers to enhance their social media strategies and create effective brand-consumer interactions.。
外文文献翻译(图片版)
本科毕业论文外文参考文献译文及原文学院经济与贸易学院专业经济学（贸易方向）年级班别2007级 1 班学号3207004154学生姓名欧阳倩指导教师童雪晖2010 年 6 月 3 日目录1 外文文献译文（一）中国银行业的改革和盈利能力（第1、2、4部分） (1)2 外文文献原文（一）CHINA’S BANKING REFORM AND PROFITABILITY（Part 1、2、4） (9)1概述世界银行（1997年）曾声称，中国的金融业是其经济的软肋。
当一国的经济增长的可持续性岌岌可危的时候，金融业的改革一直被认为是提高资金使用效率和消费型经济增长重新走向平衡的必要（Lardy，1998年，Prasad，2007年）。
事实上，不久前，中国的国有银行被视为“技术上破产”，它们的生存需要依靠充裕的国家流动资金。
但是，在银行改革开展以来，最近，强劲的盈利能力已恢复到国有商业银行的水平。
但自从中国的国有银行在不久之前已经走上了改革的道路，它可能过早宣布银行业的改革尚未取得完全的胜利。
此外，其坚实的财务表现虽然强劲，但不可持续增长。
随着经济增长在2008年全球经济衰退得带动下已经开始软化，银行预计将在一个比以前更加困难的经济形势下探索。
本文的目的不是要评价银行业改革对银行业绩的影响，这在一个完整的信贷周期后更好解决。
相反，我们的目标是通过审查改革的进展和银行改革战略，并分析其近期改革后的强劲的财务表现，但是这不能完全从迄今所进行的改革努力分离。
本文有三个部分。
在第二节中，我们回顾了中国的大型国有银行改革的战略，以及其执行情况，这是中国银行业改革的主要目标。
第三节中分析了2007年的财务表现集中在那些在市场上拥有浮动股份的四大国有商业银行：中国工商银行（工商银行），中国建设银行（建行），对中国银行（中银）和交通银行（交通银行）。
引人注目的是中国农业银行，它仍然处于重组上市过程中得适当时候的后期。
第四节总结一个对银行绩效评估。
毕业论文 外文翻译格式
毕业论文外文翻译格式毕业论文外文翻译格式在撰写毕业论文时，外文翻译是一个重要的环节。
无论是引用外文文献还是翻译相关内容，都需要遵循一定的格式和规范。
本文将介绍一些常见的外文翻译格式，并探讨其重要性和应用。
首先，对于引用外文文献的格式，最常见的是使用APA（American Psychological Association）格式。
这种格式要求在引用外文文献时，先列出作者的姓氏和名字的首字母，然后是出版年份、文章标题、期刊名称、卷号和页码。
例如：Smith, J. D. (2010). The impact of climate change on biodiversity. Environmental Science, 15(2), 145-156.在翻译外文文献时，需要注意保持原文的准确性和完整性。
尽量避免意译或添加自己的解释，以免歪曲原文的意思。
同时，还需要在翻译后的文献后面加上“译者”和“翻译日期”的信息，以便读者可以追溯翻译的来源和时间。
其次，对于翻译相关内容的格式，可以参考国际标准组织ISO（International Organization for Standardization）的格式。
这种格式要求在翻译相关内容时，先列出原文，然后是翻译后的文本。
例如：原文：The importance of effective communication in the workplace cannot be overstated.翻译：工作场所有效沟通的重要性不容忽视。
在翻译相关内容时，需要注意保持原文的意思和语气。
尽量使用准确的词汇和语法结构，以便读者能够理解和接受翻译后的内容。
同时，还需要在翻译后的文本后面加上“翻译者”和“翻译日期”的信息，以便读者可以追溯翻译的来源和时间。
此外，对于长篇外文文献的翻译，可以考虑将其分成若干章节，并在每个章节前面加上章节标题。
这样可以使读者更容易理解和阅读翻译后的内容。
毕业论文外文翻译硕士
毕业论文外文翻译硕士毕业论文外文翻译硕士近年来，随着全球化的加速和信息交流的便利，外文翻译行业迎来了空前的发展机遇。
尤其是在中国，随着国际交流的不断深化，外文翻译的需求日益增长。
毕业论文外文翻译硕士专业应运而生，成为了许多热衷于翻译事业的学子们的首选。
毕业论文外文翻译硕士专业的课程设置涵盖了翻译理论、翻译技巧、专业知识和实践能力等方面。
学生们将通过学习和研究，掌握翻译的基本原理和方法，培养独立思考和解决问题的能力。
此外，毕业论文外文翻译硕士专业还注重培养学生的跨文化交际能力和语言表达能力，以适应多元化的翻译需求。
在毕业论文外文翻译硕士专业的学习过程中，学生们将进行大量的实践训练。
他们将翻译各类专业文献、学术论文、商务文件等，以提高自己的翻译水平和专业素养。
同时，学生们还将参与翻译项目的实践，与真实的翻译需求接轨，锻炼自己的实际操作能力。
毕业论文外文翻译硕士专业的学习不仅仅是对翻译技巧和知识的掌握，更是对跨文化交流和理解的深入思考。
在全球化的时代背景下，了解不同文化的差异和共同点，是一位优秀的翻译人员必备的素质。
因此，毕业论文外文翻译硕士专业注重培养学生的跨文化意识和跨文化沟通能力，使他们能够更好地理解和传达不同文化的信息。
毕业论文外文翻译硕士专业的学生毕业后，将有广阔的就业前景。
他们可以选择从事翻译工作，为各类机构和企业提供专业的翻译服务。
他们也可以选择从事教学和研究工作，为培养更多的翻译人才做出贡献。
此外，随着互联网和科技的发展，新兴的翻译领域也将为毕业论文外文翻译硕士专业的学生提供更多的就业机会。
然而，毕业论文外文翻译硕士专业也面临一些挑战和问题。
首先，随着机器翻译技术的不断发展，传统的人工翻译是否会受到冲击，成为了人们关注的焦点。
其次，由于翻译行业的特殊性，翻译人员的工作强度和压力较大，需要具备良好的心理素质和抗压能力。
此外，翻译人员的专业素养和语言表达能力也需要不断提升和更新，以适应不断变化的翻译需求。
外文翻译器
外文翻译器外文翻译器外文翻译器（Machine Translation）是指使用计算机等技术对外文进行自动翻译的工具。
它利用计算机语言处理、人工智能和语言学等多个领域的知识和技术，将源语言（外文）自动转化为目标语言（母语）的过程。
外文翻译器可以帮助人们快速准确地将外文内容转化为自己熟悉的语言，提高工作效率和信息获取能力。
外文翻译器的研究和发展始于上世纪40年代，最早采用的是基于规则的翻译方法，即根据语法规则和词汇库对源语言进行分析和转换。
然而，这种方法存在很多限制，因为语法和词汇库可能无法覆盖所有的语言特点和用法，导致翻译结果不准确和不流畅。
随着计算机技术和人工智能的发展，神经网络机器翻译（Neural Network Translation）成为外文翻译器的主流方法。
这种方法利用大规模平行语料库训练神经网络模型，通过模仿人类学习语言的方式自动学习源语言和目标语言之间的映射关系。
神经网络机器翻译能够更好地处理语法结构和上下文信息，翻译结果更加准确和自然。
除了神经网络机器翻译，外文翻译器还可以采用统计机器翻译（Statistical Machine Translation）等其他方法。
统计机器翻译利用大量的双语语料进行统计分析，找到最佳的翻译候选，然后根据概率模型对其进行排序和选择。
虽然统计机器翻译在一定程度上改善了翻译质量，但由于依赖于大量的语料库，对于某些语言和领域的翻译效果仍然不理想。
当前外文翻译器的发展已经进入了深度学习时代，融合了自然语言处理、深度学习和人工智能的多种技术手段。
深度学习通过建立多层神经网络模型，能够从大规模语料中自动学习和提取特征，进一步提升了翻译质量和效率。
此外，人工智能的发展还带来了一系列辅助工具，如术语提取、句子结构分析和语音识别等，能够进一步提高翻译的准确性和流畅度。
虽然外文翻译器在很大程度上改善了翻译效率和准确性，但由于语言本身的复杂性和多义性，完全依靠机器翻译仍然存在一些局限性。
毕业设计论文外文文献翻译
毕业设计(论文）外文文献翻译院系：财务与会计学院年级专业：201＊级财务管理姓名:学号：132148*＊*附件: 财务风险管理【Abstract】Although financial risk has increased significantly in recent years risk and risk management are not contemporary issues。
The result of increasingly global markets is that risk may originate with events thousands of miles away that have nothing to do with the domestic market。
Information is available instantaneously which means that change and subsequent market reactions occur very quickly。
The economic climate and markets can be affected very quickly by changes in exchange rates interest rates and commodity prices。
Counterparties can rapidly become problematic。
As a result it is important to ensure financial risks are identified and managed appropriately. Preparation is a key component of risk management。
【Key Words】Financial risk，Risk management，YieldsI. Financial risks arising1.1What Is Risk1.1.1The concept of riskRisk provides the basis for opportunity. The terms risk and exposure have subtle differences in their meaning. Risk refers to the probability of loss while exposure is the possibility of loss although they are often used interchangeably。
1300外文文献翻译
Agricultural Land and Regulation in the Transition Economy of Russia Ekaterina Gnedenko1 & Michael Kazmin2Published online: 7 July 2015# International Atlantic Economic Society 2015JEL Classification C10 . L33 . O57 . Q00This research note explores the link between farmland conversion and existing land regulation in Russia. We conclude that land regulation is lagging the new market trends in the transition economy of Russia. As market forces continue to penetrate the economy, apparent managerial and statutory problems with regard to local land-use planning and regulation preclude more effective use of land. Responding to the need for attracting investment in agriculture, the Russian Ministry of Science and Education provided funds for our research project that involves primary data collection and econometric analysis of the interdependencies between governmental policies and farmland loss. Our unique dataset contains socioeconomic, demographic and spatialgeographic 2010 data for 39 municipal districts in the Moscow metropolitan region.The econometric analysis of this data set is used to explore the relationship among farmland quantity, its assessed value, the share of privatized farmland, farmland tax,and land-use zoning in the simultaneous equations framework.While the Russian market for real estate has developed quickly, the market for agricultural land is still thin. Farmland deals are limited, partly because of the lingering uncertainty about farmland property rights. The state-owned farmland is still significant. Our Moscow regional data suggest a strong positive relationship between the fraction of privatized farmland and farmland acreage, although the fraction of individually and collectively privatized farmland is only 57 %. The direct sale of farmland to foreigners is prohibited decreasing potential foreign investment as well. As a result, the area occupied by agricultural lands has been steadily decreasing and deteriorating in quality. During the period 1990 to 2005, tillable lands in Russia have shrunk by 10.5 million hectares (7.9 % of tillable lands).Lacking experience and adequate knowledge, local governments are stuck with the land conservation policies available to the former USSR. In particular, in an attempt to contain the loss of prime farmland, the regulators retain old land-use zoning laws prohibiting the change of land status. However, strong development pressures and widespread corruption often annihilate the desirable effect of zoning. The results ofour econometric analysis indicate that the proximity to Moscow city and population growth both have a significant negative effect on the amount of farmland, even in the strictlyzoned-for agriculture districts, suggesting strong urban pressure in the capital region of Moscow. The estimated elasticity of farmland acreage with respect to population growth is −0.3. A corrupt practice of illegal changes in land status is reflected in the fact that the lands still classified as farmland in the Federal Register of Land are turned into residential or industrial areas. This signals a management problem which could be perhaps resolved by the introduction of more flexible zoning and an increase in the range of responsibilities of local governments and their property rights to land.The other economic instrument indispensable in land policy, land assessment, is also based on the former practices of the Communist period following a federally mandated general formula that takes into account soil productivity criteria, topographic features of the landscape, and the presence of irrigation, but still has little in common with the market price of farmland. When the agricultural land tax is calculated as the percentage of the assessed value of farmland, which is often below its real market value, local authorities are not interested in developing local agricultural infrastructure or increasing agricultural land base because they will not be able to reap any significant tax benefits from it. Coupled with the low federally mandated upper limits on tax rates (0.3 % of the assessed value of agricultural and residential lands) this leads to insufficient local tax revenues and overreliance on intergovernmental transfers. According to our data for the Moscow region, although localities tend to impose the maximum allowable tax rate, the average share of land tax revenues in local budgets is a mere 5 %. It is not surprising as the average assessed value of farmland across municipalities is 1000 times less than the ongoing average sales price, according to data we collected.The insignificant local land tax revenues caused by the underestimated land value lead to insufficient local infrastructure investment, which further suppresses the value of farmland and hastens its conversion. The results of the econometric analysis indicate lack of statistical significance between the assessed value of farmland and farmland quantity in the Moscow region, making the farmland tax rate an ineffective instrument in land policy. This missing link between the farmland quantity and existing land policies may render these policies not just ineffective but even wasteful. Innovative approaches such as the retention of development rights by the governmentmight represent a temporary solution. The increasing reliance on local governance in solvinglocal problems would imply improved land-use and public finance planning and,perhaps, a slower farmland conversion trend.俄罗斯经济转型中的农业用地与监管Ekaterina Gnedenko1 & Michael Kazmin2。
外文翻译范例
外文翻译范例在全球化日益加深的今天，外文翻译的重要性愈发凸显。
无论是学术研究、商务交流，还是文化传播，准确而流畅的外文翻译都起着至关重要的桥梁作用。
下面为大家呈现几个不同领域的外文翻译范例，以帮助大家更好地理解和掌握外文翻译的技巧与要点。
一、科技文献翻译原文：The development of artificial intelligence has brought about revolutionary changes in various fields, such as healthcare, finance, and transportation译文：人工智能的发展给医疗保健、金融和交通运输等各个领域带来了革命性的变化。
在这个范例中，翻译准确地传达了原文的意思。
“artificial intelligence”被准确地翻译为“人工智能”，“revolutionary changes”翻译为“革命性的变化”，“various fields”翻译为“各个领域”，用词准确、贴切，符合科技文献严谨、客观的语言风格。
二、商务合同翻译原文：This Agreement shall commence on the effective date and shall continue in force for a period of five years, unless earlier terminated in accordance with the provisions herein译文：本协议自生效日起生效，并将持续有效五年，除非根据本协议的规定提前终止。
商务合同的翻译需要格外注重准确性和专业性。
上述译文中，“commence”翻译为“生效”，“in force”翻译为“有效”，“terminated”翻译为“终止”，清晰准确地表达了合同条款的含义，避免了可能的歧义。
三、文学作品翻译原文：The sun was setting, painting the sky with hues of orange and pink, as if nature were a master artist at work译文：太阳正在西沉，把天空涂成了橙色和粉色，仿佛大自然是一位正在创作的艺术大师。
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毕业论文（设计）外文翻译题目：面对绿色贸易壁垒升级系部名称：经济管理系专业班级：国贸08 学生姓名：潘学号：200880514指导教师：教师职称：副教授2011年12月30日面对绿色贸壁垒升级萨金特摘要：今年五月，欧盟在签发符合RoHS，WEEE，EUP的法令，REACH法规和规章和绿色贸易措施，提出并实施了DMF的顺序法令；DMF的命令禁止有“二甲酯”产品的流向和销售导欧盟市场，然而，3个月后执行的命令，让不少企业都受到影响，特别是金融危机的背景下的中国出口产业。
一些专家指出，绿色贸易壁垒成为继汇率影响外贸的又一个关键因素。
关键词：欧盟、绿色贸易壁垒、中国一、不可避免的“绿色贸易壁垒”近年来，由于欧洲和美洲国家绿色贸易壁垒不断升级;跨越关税壁垒后，另一种非关税的绿色贸易壁垒等待像中国这样的发展中国家。
从2009年2月至4月，欧盟非食品类产品快速预警系统（RAPEX）发布了30条关于对中国鞋和玩具产品的信息，德国、西班牙和法国召回，因为含有DMF。
2009年3月28日，山西检验检疫局工作组从企业收到一份报告，说是遏制拖拉机备用零件出口到意大利，由于使用木质包装已没有“自由DMF”的证明号码。
从2009年7月开始，广州芳村的包装材料制造商受到的退货和返工，因为在其产品中二甲基甲酰胺。
近年来，为什么绿色贸易壁垒在广泛领域的频率使用，它背后有一个深层次的原因。
例如，全球环境恶化，如：臭氧损耗，全球变暖，生物多样性丧失和其他问题，直接影响到人们的消费观念和价值观念，特别是在欧洲和美国等发达国家，消费者的'绿色价值观已经形成，并显示他们对绿色产品的需求和喜好，这也提供了绿色贸易壁垒的形成条件和机会。
此外，传统的非关税越来越多地被谴责，在这种情况下，出于自身利益的欧洲，美国和其他国家开始寻求新的贸易保护措施。
此外，在国家环保标准的差异，以及当前的国际贸易规则和协议是不完整的provids绿色贸易壁垒的借口。
中国环境标志产品认证委员会秘书处主任，教授夏青表示，'绿色贸易壁垒'是不可避免的，任何国家在保护国家安全，动物和植物的安全，公众健康，环境，防止欺诈行为的期限，将提请了相关规定，发布有关规章制度，并采取技术防范措施。
他们提出的测试标准中的规定，构成了一系列可能的'绿色壁垒'。
不过，也有“绿色标准”本身也有差异，这导致欧盟的产品被出口，而中国的一些产品不能进入国际市场中。
二、树起“绿色壁垒”，加剧贸易摩擦在全球经济一体化进程中，以达到保护国内市场的目的，欧盟和其他发达国家采取更多和更加隐蔽的措施，对进口产品的技术要求越来越严格，以及配套的法律法规相继出台。
例如：2007年6月起，欧盟全面实施REACH法规，要求企业申请授权，通知15项高度关注物质（SVHC），2008年6月欧盟发出一个限制使用全氟辛烷磺酸化合物（PFOS）的法令，标志着欧盟正式禁止PFOS在商品的使用；中国的一些出口行业，包括纺织，皮革等出口企业的影响。
作为另一个绿色贸易壁垒，将中国的皮革，家具和其他出口行业的DMF禁令的实施。
欧盟成员国以环保的名义，提出单方面的贸易措施，限制从国外进口，从而导致越来越多的双边或多边贸易摩擦。
欧盟和北美自由贸易区成员国的两个大区域组织基本上都是发达的国家，他们的环保水平和环保标准是相似的，而某些个别成员国之间的差距也往往要协调。
因此，他们可以通过区域自由贸易的模式，以遏制由于没有按照他们的环保标准以外地区的产品。
虽然看似合法的绿色壁垒正在成为流行，但它可能对发展中国家构成严重挑战。
据粗略统计，中国遭受的绿色壁垒，66.1％来自欧盟之间，这一趋势可能对中国——欧盟经贸关系的受到长期的影响。
三、对绿色贸易壁垒积极和客观的回应中国和其他发展中国家在金融危机的背景下应该怎样做，作为绿色贸易壁垒是否应该加强据。
有关业内人士表示，中国将准备在不久的中长期内做出回应。
在短期内，他们对纺织品积极响应，有相关专业人士在市对外经济贸易局，中国贸促会，以及行业协会，以帮助联系律师，并进行协调，以使案件应诉的准备。
在中期，他们必须加快外贸人才的储备，尤其是时下的贸易壁垒变更频繁，外贸人才的专业素质提出了更高的要求。
从长远来看，出口企业应加紧努力，以调整产品结构，加快产业升级，提高产品科技含量，这样才能从根本上减少贸易摩擦。
据悉，中国政府正在分担困难，帮助企业解决问题;由商务部主办，当地职能部门积极发挥'四体联动'机制的作用与商业协会和企业共同面对贸易摩擦;加强贸易摩擦对企业的培训和法律咨询宣传，也做了很多的努力，帮助企业用法律手段来积极应对和回应摩擦。
其实，从保护环境和国家卫生保健的前景来看，所谓的新的壁垒，包括绿色壁垒和知识产权保护也有合理的一面，这可能会促进企业产业结构的优化和升级。
另一个知情人士认为，拿海尔作为一个例子，从20世纪80年代末至90年代初，由于欧洲、美国和其他发达国家进行立法，以限制或禁止进口含有氟氯化碳的冰箱，这使得中国冰箱出口遭受重大损失，海尔集团也没有例外。
然后，海尔冰箱及时推出一个“绿色革命”。
海尔集团在1984年，引进德国技术和德国的高标准环保观念，并不断努力，以减少氟氯化碳的使用，直到制造无氟冰箱;同时无氟冰箱也具有显着的能源节约功能，超越欧洲节能标准20％，美国的18％。
最终，海尔集团在20世纪90年代初已取得欧盟绿色标签证书，在1992年和1996年先后通过了ISO9001和ISO14000体系认证证书。
由于采取了一系列环保措施，海尔集团的产品已达到进口国的环保要求，在1990年以前扭转小的出口市场和出口量，海尔集团在1996年出口21万台冰箱，价值25.71亿美元，从而为海尔成为国内第一出口企业的地位奠定了基础，在向德国出口的亚洲公司中海尔排名第一，这也有利于海尔集团在全国500强企业名单。
四、绿色贸易壁垒对中国对外贸易的影响由于绿色贸易壁垒，中国对外贸易额遭受了巨大的损失。
2002年，因为日本严格的检查和要求价格的大幅度降低，台州蔬菜被阻止进入日本市场。
还是在2002年，因为宁波市水产品不能达到欧盟所要求的卫生标准而被限制进入欧洲联盟（欧盟）。
由于绿色贸易壁垒，60种中国农药被禁止进入欧盟市场，因为他们不能达到欧盟的绿色标准。
根据联合国统计，由于“绿色贸易壁垒”，在2002年这一年中国遭受损失74亿美元。
中国出口到欧盟，日本，韩国和其他国家的跌幅尤其明显。
一般而言，由于严格的绿色壁垒，农产品和食品，纺织产品和机电产品的三个主要行业遭受损失最为严重。
由于这三大类产品是中国出口最多的产品，我们可以很容易地得出一个结论：“绿色贸易壁垒”已成为限制中国产品出口的一个主要障碍。
五、应对发达国家绿色贸易壁垒的主要对策如上所述，这是一个事实即中国出口产品遭受发达国家绿色壁垒的严重限制，遭受了巨大损失。
因此，中国出口商应该仔细考虑对策，以消除绿色贸易壁垒不利影响。
首先，我们应该充分利用的优惠待遇来减少绿色贸易壁垒对发展中国家的限制。
根据协议对绿色贸易壁垒的有关规定，发达国家应当充分考虑到发展中国家的特殊发展，确保发展中国家在财政和贸易需要等方面不受绿色贸易壁垒的限制，确保绿色条款，标准和合格评定程序不给发展中国家带来不必要的麻烦，从而保证发展中国家的正常出口。
因此，作为世界贸易组织中的一个发展中国家，中国有权享受这种优惠待遇。
其次，中国应利用世界贸易组织的争端解决机制来保护自己的利益。
不同于关贸总协定，世贸组织已成立了一个更有力的争端解决机制来解决世贸组织的成员之间的纠纷。
因此，如果我们的利益受到其他世贸组织成员不公平的绿色贸易壁垒的损害，我们可以诉诸争端解决机构来解决这一争端，并敦促其他成员改变其不公正的做法，以保护我们的利益。
第三，中国应强调保护环境，并采取措施提高产品质量和水平，多出口达到绿色出口水平的产品，以满足更高的环保标准，这将从根本上解决我过所遭受绿色贸易壁垒这个问题。
附注：摘自EUROPECHINA，2009年第10期Facing the Upgrade of Green Trade BarrierThomas J. SargentAbstract：The European Union proposed and implemented DMF order this May after issuing RoHS, WEEE, EUP orders, REACH rules and regulations and green trade measures (TBT); the DMF order bans the product containing `dimethylfumarate` (hereafter referred as DMF) to flow and sale in the European Union market, however, after 3 months implementation of the order, quite a few enterprises have been affected, especially for China`s relevant exporting industries under the background of financial crisis. Some expert points out that green trade barrier become the second crucial factor influencing the foreign trade following the exchange rate.Key words：European Union、Green trade barrier、ChinaUnavoidable `Green Trade Barrier`In recent years, owning to the European and American countries green trade barrier is upgrading continuously; after crossing the tariff barrier, there is another non-tariff green trade barrier waiting for developing countries like China there.From February to April of 2009, the EU Rapid Alert System for Non-food Products (RAPEX) released 30 pieces of information on Chinese shoes and toy products are recalled by Germany, Spain and France because of containing DMF.Jincheng residential working group of Shanxi Inspection and Quarantine Bureau received a report from an enterprises on March 28, 2009, saying that the a number of tractor spare parts exporting to Italian, using wooden packaging due to have provide no `free DMF` proof is curbed.Guanzhou Fangchun`s packaging materials manufacturer suffered from total return and reproduction on July 2009, because DMF is contained in its products.In recent years, why Green trade barrier is used with increasing frequency in wider fields, there is a deep-rooted reason behind it. For instance, the world environmental degradation, such as: ozone depletion, global warming, biodiversity loss and other problems which directly affect people`s consumption concept and values; particularly in Europe and the United States and other developed countries, consumers` green values have been formed and show their demands and preferences towards green products, which also provided the conditions and opportunities for the formation of the green trade barriers. In addition, the traditional non-tariff is increasingly being condemned, in such a case, European, American and other countries for their own interests began to seek new trade protection measures. Moreover, differences innational environmental standards, as well as the current international trade rules and agreements are incomplete provids an excuse for the green trade barriers.Director of Secretariat of China Certification Committee for Environmental Labeling Products, Professor Xia Qing expresses that `green trade barrier` is unavoidable, any country in term of protecting national security, animal and plant safety, public health, environment, and preventing fraud, will draw up relevant provisions, release relevant rules and regulations, and adopt technical preventive measures. They propose testing standards in their provisions, which constitute a series of possible `green barriers`. However, there are differences in `green standard` itself, which cause the EU products is liable to be exported, while some Chinese product can`t go to international market.Erected `Green Barrier` and Intensified Trade Friction In the process of global economic integration, in order to achieve the purpose of protecting the domestic market, the EU and other developed countries resort more and more hidden measures, the technical requirements for imported products become increasingly stringent, and the supporting laws and regulations are issued one after another. For example: since June 2007, the EU fully implemented REACH regulations requiring enterprises to apply for authorization, notify 15-item highly concerned materials (SVHC); in June 2008, the EU issued a `PFOS order` restricting the use of perfluorooctane sulfonate compounds (PFOS), marked the EU officially bans usage of PFOS in the commodities; for which China`s several exporting industries are effected including the textile, leather and other export enterprises. The implementation of DMF ban to serves as another green trade barrier for China`s leather, furniture and other export industries.The EU member states take the name of environmental protection to launch unilateral trade measures to restrict imports from foreign countries, thus lead to an increasing bilateral or multilateral trade friction. The two large regional organizations of the EU and the North American Free Trade Area member states are basically developed countries, their environmental protection level and environmental standards are similar, while certain gaps between individual member states also tend to be coordinated. So they can adopt regional free trade mode to curb the outside region products due to not in accordance with their environmental standards.While the seemingly legitimate green barrier is becoming popular, it may pose serious challenges towards the developing countries. According to rough statistics, among China`s suffering green barrier, 66.1% of that comes from the European Union, this trend may exertlong-term influence on China-EU trade and economic relationship.Response `Green Trade Barrier` Positively and Objectively What China and other developing countries should do in the context of financial crisis, and as the `green trade barriers` is intensified? According to relevant insiders that China`s foreign trade enterprises should be prepared `in the near-medium-long term`. In the near term, they have to actively respond to suits, there are relevant professionals in the municipal Foreign Economic Trade Bureau, CCPIT, as well as industry associations, who can help to contact lawyers, and coordinate to make preparation for responding to suits. In the medium-term, they have to speed up the reserves of foreign trade talents, especially nowadays the trade barriers change frequently, which proposes higher requirements of professional quality of the foreign trade talents. In the long term, exporting enterprises should intensify efforts to adjust product structure, speed up industrial upgrading, improving product technology content, so as to reduce trade friction fundamentally. It is reported that Chinese government are sharing difficulties and help the enterprises to solve the problems; organized by the Ministry of Commerce, local functional departments actively play the `four-body interaction` mechanism role to face trade frictions with business associations and enterprises; strengthening the advocacy of training and legal advice of trade frictions to enterprises, as well as having done lots of effort to help the enterprises to use legal means to actively respond to suits.Actually, from the prospect of environmental protection and national health care, the so-called new barriers including green barrier and intellectual property protection also had a reasonable side, which may urge enterprise to promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.` Another insider believes that take Haier as an example: from the late 1980s to early 1990s, due to European, American and other developed countries make legislation to restrict or to prohibit imports of refrigerators containing CFC, which makes China`s refrigerator export suffer heavy loss, Haier Group is also no exception. Then Haier Refrigerator launches a `green revolution` in a timely manner. In 1984, Haier Group introduced both German technology and a high level of environmental awareness in Germany, and constantly strived to reduce CFC usage until the Freon-free refrigerators is created; meanwhile the Freon-free refrigerators also has significant energy saving function, surpassing European standards A - 20% energy-saving, and the U.S. 18% energy-saving. As a result, Haier Group has made the EU`s `Green Label certificate` in the early 1990s, and passed the ISO9001 and ISO14000 system certificates in 1992 and 1996 successively. Owning to adopting a series of green measures, Haier Group products has met the environmental requirements of importingcountries, reversing small exporting market and exporting volume prior to 1990; in 1996 Haier Group exported 210,000 units refrigerators, amounting to 25.71 million dollars, thereby laying a foundation of first exporting position in China`s domestic market, and ranking first in Asia to export to Germany, all of which is conducive for Haier Group to crowd in the national top 500 enterprises list.Influences of Green barriers on China's foreign trade China has suffered great loss due to the "Green barriers". In 2002, vegetables from Taizhou were prevented from entering Japan because of Japanese strict inspection and the price was greatly cut down. Also in 2002, the aquatic products from Ningbo were restricted by European Union (EU) because they could not reach the sanitary standards of EU. Due to Green trade barriers, 60 kinds of Chinese agricultural chemists were banned by EU because they could not reach the Green standards of EU. In accordance with the statistics of United Nations, China has suffered a loss of $7.4 billion in 2002 due to "Green barriers trade". China's export to EU, Japan, Korea and other countries decreases notably. Generally speaking, agricultural products and foodstuff, textile products and mechanical and electronic products are the three main industries which suffer great loss because of the strict Green barriers. Since these three products constitute the majority of Chinese exportation, we can easily draw a conclusion: "Green barriers to trade" has become one of the major obstacles in Chinese exportation.Countermeasures to the Green barriers of the developed countriesAs mentioned above, it is a fact that the Chinese export products are facing Green barriers of the developed countries and has suffered great loss. Therefore Chinese exporters should think carefully about the countermeasures to eliminate the unfavorable influences of such measures. First, we should make full use of the preferential treatment to the developing countries stipulated in the Agreement of Green trade barrier. According to the provisions of the Agreement of Green trade barrier, developed countries should take account of the special development, financial and trade needs of developing country members with a view to ensuring that such Green regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures do not create unnecessary obstacles to exports from developing countries. So, as a developing member of WTO, China is entitled to such preferential treatment. Secondly, China should make use of the Dispute Settlement System of WTO to protect her interests. Different from GATT, WTO has set up a powerful dispute settlement system to solve the disputes between the members of WTO. So, if our interests are harmed by the unfair Green barriers of other WTO members, we can resort to Dispute Settlement Body to settle this dispute and urge other members to change their unfair practices so as to protect our interests. Thirdly, China should stress the protection of environment and take measures to improve the quality and Green level of her export products to meet higher Green standards, which will fundamentally solve the problem of Green barriers.Source:EUROPECHINA 2009-10-25。