第七章 篇章翻译
第7单元课文翻译
Unit7 TextA是什么造就了奥运冠军?1 1992年，在法国阿尔贝维尔冬季奥运会上，当克里斯蒂·山口在冰场上跌倒时，观众席上一片遗憾的声音。
这位20岁的运动员获得花样滑冰金牌的希望肯定会因这一失足而化为泡影。
但是克里斯蒂站了起来，她灿然一笑，旋转身体，继续表演。
她虽然不幸跌倒，但裁判却给她打了近乎完美的分数。
她能鼓起勇气，重振旗鼓，获得了金牌，这足以证明她的决心和勇气。
2 作为美国奥运队及许多运动员的顾问，我目睹了许多像克里斯蒂这样年轻的男女运动员：他们在关键时刻能够挖掘自身，找到发挥潜能的一种力量。
他们登上领奖台，不单纯是因为运动才能，还因为他们内在的不屈不挠的意志。
3 他们拥有梦想。
|克里斯蒂·山口6岁时首次穿上溜冰鞋，那时她就想象自己是一名奥运冠军。
邦妮·华纳三度代表美国参加奥运会的仰卧滑行小雪橇比赛。
她直到上了大学才有自己的梦想。
之前，她从未听说过有“仰卧滑行的小雪橇”这种比赛用的雪橇。
这两个年轻女子，一旦拥有梦想，就锲而不舍地、勇敢地追求，为了梦想的实现不遗余力。
4 最重要的是，这些运动员的父母以及周围的人都支持他们的梦想。
洛雷塔·道斯16岁的女儿多米尼克是代表美国参加奥运会的第一批黑人女性体操运动员之一。
洛雷塔最近告诉记者说，培养一个世界一流的运动员着实不易。
在1992年奥运会之前整整一年中，她很少看见自己的女儿。
为了离体育馆近一点，女儿和教练住在一块，那儿离家有45分钟的车程。
当有人请她给其他运动员的父母提一些建议的时候，她的回答简单却极具说服力。
“相信你的孩子吧，”她这样说。
5 这并非意味着每个拥有奥运梦想的孩子都能有朝一日登上领奖台。
但是，梦想是通向成功的第一步——哪怕当初的梦想最终让孩子走向另一条不同的道路。
6 他们满怀激情。
优秀运动员们梦寐以求的奥运圣火在他们的内心深处燃烧。
他们有强大的动力，不仅要成为最优秀的运动员，还要竭尽全力去实现目标——始终不渝。
unit7theshelter课文翻译大学英语三
Unit 7 The ShelterRod SerlingSeveral neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching. Can it shelter all of them? Does its owner let them in? Here is the story……SYNOPSIS OF ACT ONE: On a summer evening, a birthday celebration is going on at Dr. Stockton's. Among those present are his neighbors: the Hendersons, the weiss's and the Harlowes. In the midst of it comes unexpectedly over the radio the announcement of the President of the United States declaring a state of emergency of for suspected enemy missiles approaching. The party breaks up and the neighbors hurry home.However, shortly afterwards they return one after another to the stockton house for the simple reason that they want to survive —— want to share with the Stocktons the bomb shelter which is the only one on their street.ACT TWO(abridged)OUTSIDE STOCKTON HOMEHENDERSON: It'll land any minute. I just know it. It's going to land any minute——MRS. HENDERSON: (grabs hold of him) What are we going to do?Throughout above and following dialogue, a portable radio carried by one of the children carries the following announcement:ANNOUNCER'S VOICE: This is Conelrad. This is Conelrad. We are still in a state of Yellow Alert. If you are a public official or government employee with an emergency assignment, or a civil defense worker, you should report to your post immediately. If you are a public official or government employee……MRS. HARLOWE: Jerry, ask again.HARLOWE: Don't waste you time. He won't let anyone in. He said he didn't have any room or supplies there and it's designed for three people.: What'll we do?HARLOWE: Maybe we ought to pick out just one basement and go to work on it. Poll all our stuff. Food, water, everything.: It isn't fair. (she points toward Stockton house) He's down there in a bomb shelter completely safe. And our kids have to just wait around for a bomb to drop and ——HENDERSON: Let's just go down into his basement and break down the door?A chorus of voices greet this with assent.As HENDERSON rushes through toward the basement entrance, HARLOWE overtakes him saying:HARLOWE: Wait a minute, wait a minute. All of us couldn't fit in there. That would be crazy to even try.WEISS: Why don't we draw lots? Pick out one family?HARLOWE: What difference would it make? He won't let us in.HENDERSON: We can all march down there and tell him he's got the whole street against him. We could do that.HARLOWE: What good would that do? I keep telling you. Even if we were to break down the door, it couldn't accommodate all of us. We'd just be killing everybody and for no reason.MRS. HENDERSON: If it saves even one of these kids out here——I call that a reason.The voice comes up again.WEISS: Jerry, you know him better than nay of us. You're his best friend. Why don't you go down again? Try to talk to him. Pleased with him. Tell him to pick out one family —— Draw lots or something ——HENDERSON: One family, meaning yours, Weiss, huh?WEISS: (whirls around to him) Why not? I've got a three-month-old infant——MRS. HENDERSON: What difference does that make? Is your baby's life any more precious than our kids?WEISS: (shouting at her) I never said that. If you're going to start trying to argue about who deserves to live more than the next one ——HENDERSON: Why don't you shut your mouth, Weiss? (with a wild, illogical anger) That's the way it is when the foreigners come over here. Aggressive, greedy, semi-Americans——WEISS: (his face goes white) Why you garbage-brained idiot you——MRS. HENDERSON: It still goes, Weiss! I bet you're at the bottom of the list——WEISS suddenly flings himself through the crowd toward the man and there's a brief, hand-to-hand fight between them broken up by HARLOWE who stands between them breathless.HARLOWE: Keep it up, both of you. Just keep it up. We won't need a bomb. We can slaughter each other.: (pleading) Marty, go down to Bill's shelter again. Ask him ——WEISS: I've already asked him. It wouldn't do any good.One again the siren sounds and the people seem to move closer together, staring up toward the night sky. Off in the distance we see searchlights.HARLOWE: Searchlights. It must be coming closer.HENDERSON: (as he suddenly pushes HARLOWE aside and heads for the steps) I'm going down there and get him to open up that door. I don't care what the rest of you think. That's the only thing left to do.MAN # 1: He's right. Come on, let's do it.INSIDE THE SHELTERGRACE is holding tight to PAUL. STOCKTON stands close to the door listening to the noises from outside as they approach. There's a pounding on the shelter door that reverberates.OUTSIDE THE SHELTERHENDERSON: Bill? Bill Stockton? You've got a bunch of your neighbors out here who want to stay alive. Now you can open the door and talk to us and figure out with us how many can come in there. Or else you can just keep doing what you're doing —— and we'll fight our way in there.HARLOWE appears and pushes his way through the group and goes over to the shelter door.HARLOWE: Bill. This is Jerry. They mean business out here.STOCKTON'S VOICE: And I mean business in here. I've already told you, Jerry. You're wasting you time. You're wasting precious time that could be use for something else……like figuring out how you can survive.NAM # 1: Why don't we get a big, heavy log to break the door down? HENDERSON: We could go over to Bennett Avenue. Phil Kline has some giant logs in his basement. I've seen them. Let's get one. And we'll just tell Kline to keep his mouth shut as to why we want it.WEISS: Let's get hold of ourselves. Let's stop and think for a minute——HENDERSON: (turning to face WEISS) Nobody cares what you think. You or your kind.I thought I made that clear upstairs. I think the first order of business is to get you out of here.With this he strikes out, smashing his fist into WEISS's face in a blow so unexpected and so wild that WEISS, totally unprepared, is knocked against the wall. His wife screams and, still holding the baby, rushes to him. There's a commotion as several men try to grab the neighbor and HARLOWE is immediately at WEISS's side trying to help him to his feet. Once again the sirens blast.HENDERSON: (should over the noise and commotion) Come on, let's get something to smash this door down.They start out of cellar toward the steps.INSIDE THE SHELTERSTOCKTON slowly turns to face his wife. The angry screaming cries of the people ring in their ears even as they depart.GRACE (looks up) Bill? Who were those people?STOCKTON (turning to stare toward the door) "Those people?" Those are our neighbors, Grace. Our friends. The people we've lived with and alongside for twenty years. (then in a different fixed expression and in a different tone) Come on. Paul. Let's put stuff up against this door. Everything we can.The man and boy then start to pile up a barricade, using furniture, the generator, books, any movable object they can get their hands on.OUTSIDE OF THE SHELTERThe mob marches down the street carrying a large heavy log that is perhaps fifteen feet long. Their own shouts mix with the sound of the intermittent siren and with the voice of the announcer on the Conelrad station.ANNOUNCER'S VOICE: We've been asked to once again remind the population that they are to remain calm, stay off the streets. This is urgent. Please remain off the streets. Everything possible is being done in the way of protection. But the military and important civil defense vehicles must have the streets clear. So you're once again reminded to remain off the streets. Remain off the streets!The minute the mob gathers before the STOCKTON house, they smash into it, carrying the giant log. They move down the cellar steps. As the log smashes into the shelter door, the siren goes up louder and more piercing and it is at this moment that we see both WEISS and HARLOW join the men on the heavy log to lend their support to it.INSIDE THE SHELTERSTOCKTON and Paul lean against it as it starts to give under the weight, under the pressure. The air is filled with angry shouts, the intermittent siren, the cries of women and children.INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE SHELTERAnd it all reaches one vast pitch just as the door is forced open. PAUL and STOCKTON are pushed back into the shelter and just at this moment the light go on in the basement. The siren also reaches its top and then suddenly goes off and there is absolute dead silence for a long moment. Then from the portable radio in the corner comesANNOUNCER'S VOICE: This is Conelrad. This is Conelrad. Remain turned for an important message. Remain tuned for an important message. (a pause) The President of the United States has just announced that the previously unidentified objects have now been definitely identified as being satellites. Repeat. There are no enemy missiles approaching. Repeat, there are no enemy missiles approaching. The objects have beenidentified as satellites. They are harmless and we are in no danger. Repeat. We are in no danger. The state of emergency has officially been called off. We are in no danger. Repeat. There is no enemy attack. There is no enemy attack.: (her eyes closed and crying softly) Thank God. Oh, thank God.WEISS: (in a whisper, his face bruised and blood clotted) Amen to that. HENDERSON: Hey, Marty …… Marty ……I went crazy. You und erstand that, don't you?I just went crazy. I didn't mean all the things I said. (he wets his lips, his voice shaking) We were all of us …… we were so scared ……so confuse. (he holds out his hands in a gesture) Well, it's no wonder really, is it? I mean…… w ell, you can understand why we blew our tops a little ——There's a murmur of voices, a few half-hearted nods, but they're all still in a state of shock.HARLOWE: I don't think Marty's going to hold it against you. (then turning to STOCKTON) I just hope Bill won't hold this ——(he points to the wreckage around him) against us. We'll pay for the damage, Bill. We'll take up a collection right away.As STOCKTON walks past them across the cellar and up toward the stairs, all eyes are on him and there's an absolute dead silence.WEISS: (his voice shaky and nervous) We could …… we could have a block party or something tomorrow night. A big celebration. I think we deserve one now.He looks around smiling at the others, a nervous smiles born of a carry-over of fear and the realization that something has taken hold of all of them now. Something deadening in its effect and disquieting beyond words.STOCKTON takes a step up on the stairs then stops and turns back toward them. His face is expressionless.HARLOWE: (with phony laughter desperately trying to relieve situation) Block party's not a bad idea. (looking around at the others) Anything to get back to normal. STOCKTON: (looks from face to face and slowly shakes his head) Normal? (a pause) I don't know. I don't know what "normal" is. I thought I did, but I don't any more. HARLOWE: I told you we'd pay for the damages——STOCKTON: (stares at him) The damages? (he nods) I wonder if we realize just whatthose damages are? (he looks from face to face again) Maybe the worst of them was finding out just what we're like when we're normal. The kind of people we are. Just underneath the surface. I mean all of us. A lot of naked animals who attach such great importance to staying alive that they claw their neighbors to death just for the privilege. (he leans against the stairway wall, suddenly desperately tired, very softly as he turns away from them) We were spared a bomb tonight……but I wonder if we weren't destroyed even without it.He continues up the steps.防空洞第一幕的内容提要：某个夏夜，斯道克顿家正在举行生日庆祝会。
Unit-7-When-Lightning-Struck-课文翻译-综合教程一
Unit 7 When Lightning StruckI was in the tiny bathroom in the back of the plane when I felt the slamming jolt, and then the horrible swerve that threw me against the door. Oh, Lord, I thought, this is it! Somehow I managed to unbolt the door and scramble out. The flight attendants, already strapped in, waved wildly for me to sit down. As I lunged toward my seat, passengers looked up at me with the stricken expressions of creatures who know they are about to die."I think we got hit by lightning," the girl in the seat next to mine said. She was from a small town in east Texas, and this was only her second time on an airplane. She had won a trip to England by competing in a high school geography bee and was supposed to make a connecting flight when we landed in Newark.In the next seat, at the window, sat a young businessman who had been confidently working. Now he looked worried. And that really worries me—when confident-looking businessmen look worried. The laptop was put away. "Something's not right," he said.The pilot's voice came over the speaker. I heard vaguely through my fear, "Engine number two ... emergency landing ... New Orleans." When he was done, the voice of a flight attendant came on, reminding us of the emergency procedures she had reviewed before takeoff. Of course I never paid attention to this drill, always figuring that if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, I would have already died of terror.Now we began a roller-coaster ride through the thunderclouds. I was ready to faint, but when I saw the face of the girl next to me, I pulled myself together, I reached for her hand and reassured her that we were going to make it, "What a story you're going to tell when you get home!" I said. "After this, London's going to seem like small potatoes."I wondered where I was getting my strength. Then I saw that my other hand was tightly held by a ringed hand. Someone was comforting me—a glamorous young woman across the aisle, the female equivalent of the confident businessman. She must have seen how scared I was and reached over."I tell you," she confided, "the problems I brought up on this plane with me sure don't seem real big right now." I loved her Southern drawl, her indiscriminate use of perfume, and her soulful squeezes. I was sure that even if I survived the plane crash, I'd have a couple of broken fingers from all the TLC. "Are you okay?" she kept asking me.Among the many feelings going through my head during those excruciating 20 minutes was pride—pride in how well everybody on board was behaving. No one panicked. No one screamed. As we jolted and screeched our way downward, I could hear small pockets of soothing conversation everywhere.I thought of something I had heard a friend say about the wonderful gift his dying father had given the family: he had died peacefully, as if not to alarm any of them about an experience they would all have to go through someday.And then—yes!—we landed safely. Outside on the ground, attendants and officials were waiting to transfer us to alternative flights. But we passengers clung together. We chatted aboutthe lives we now felt blessed to be living, as difficult or rocky as they might be. The young businessman lamented that he had not a chance to buy his two little girls a present. An older woman offered him her box of expensive Lindt chocolates, still untouched, tied with a lovely bow. "I shouldn't be eating them anyhow," she said. My glamorous aisle mate took out her cell phone and passed it around to anyone who wanted to make a call to hear the reassuring voice of a loved one.There was someone I wanted to call. Back in Vermont, my husband, Bill, was anticipating my arrival late that night. He had been complaining that he wasn't getting to see very much of me because of my book tour. I had planned to surprise him by getting in a few hours early. Now I just wanted him to know I was okay and on my way.When my name was finally called to board my new flight, I felt almost tearful to be parting from the people whose lives had so intensely, if briefly, touched mine.Even now, back on terra firma, walking down a Vermont road, I sometimes hear an airplane and look up at that small, glinting piece of metal. I remember the passengers on that fateful, lucky flight and wish I could thank them for the many acts of kindness I witnessed and received. I am indebted to my fellow passengers and wish I could pay them back.But then, remembering my aisle mate's hand clutching mine while I clutched the hand of the high school student, I feel struck by lightning all over again: the point is not to pay back kindness but to pass it on.闪电来袭当我感到猛烈摇晃时我正在飞机尾部的小卫生间。
英语第7单元翻译
英语第7单元翻译【1】No one can say exactly (what it looks like) when a planet takes ill, but it probably looks a lot like earth.•当一个星球突然生病的时候没有人可以准确地说出它看起来像什么，但是它可能看起来很像地球。
Never mind what you‟ve heard about global warming as a slow-motion emergency (t hat would take decades to play out).不用担心，你所听到的全球变暖是一个缓慢的过程，需要几十年才能结束。
Suddenly and unexpectedly, the crisis is upon us•突然和意外的是，这场危机正在接近我们。
【2】It certainly looked that way last week as the atmospheric bomb that was Cyclone Larry—a Category 4 storm with wind bursts that reached 125 m.p.h (mile per hour) –exploded through northeastern Australia.（这个现象）的确看起来是这样的：上周的大气炸弹也就是赖瑞飓风——一种伴随着每小时125英里的风暴风阵——引爆了澳大利亚的东北部It certainly looked that way last year as curtains of fire and dust turned the skies of Indonesia orange, thanks to drought-fueled blazes sweeping the island nation.（这个现象）的确看起来是这样的：去年由于燃料猛烈地燃烧席卷了印尼这个岛国，火灾和灰尘将印尼的天空变成了橘黄色。
Unit7DrugAbuse课文翻译大学体验英语三
Unit7DrugAbuse课文翻译大学体验英语三第一篇：Unit 7 Drug Abuse课文翻译大学体验英语三Unit 7 Drug AbusePassage A Agony from Ecstasy I hear a lot of people talking about Ecstasy, calling it a fun, harmless drug.All I can think is, “if they only knew.”I grew up in a small, rural town in Pennsylvania.It's one of those places where everyone knows your name, what you did, what you ate and so on.I was a straight-A student and one of the popular kids, liked by all the different crowds.Drugs never played a part in my life.They were never a questiona way of life that exposed me to drugs.Most of the people that I met in the acting school had already been doing drugs for years.I felt that by using drugs, I would become a part of their world and it would deepen my friendships with them to new levels.I tried pot, even a little cocaine, but it was Ecstasy that changed my life forever.I remember the feeling I had the first time I did Ecstasy: complete and utter bliss.I could feel the pulse of the universe.It was as if I had unlocked some sort of secret world;it was as if I'd found heaven.And I wondered how anything that made you feel so good could possibly be bad.As time went by, things changed.I graduated, and began to use drugs, especially Ecstasy, more frequently.As I did, I actually started to look down on those who did not.I surrounded myself only with those who did.I had gone from a girl who never used drugs to a woman who couldn't imagine life without them.In five months, I went from a person living somewhat responsibly while pursuing my dream to a person who didn't care about a thingbut it didn't stop there.My doctors performed a scan of my brain.I couldn't believe my eyeswhen I saw the results.The scan showed several dark marks on the image of my brain, and my doctors told me those were areaswhere the activity of my brain had been changed in some way.Since I saw that scan, my life has been an uphill crawl.I hear people say Ecstasy is a harmless, happy drug.There's nothing happy about the way that “harmless” drug chipped away at my life.Ecstasy took my strength, my motivation, my dreams, my friends, my apartment, my money and most of all, my sanity.I worry about my future and my health every day.I have many mountains ahead of me, but I plan to keep climbing because I'm one of the lucky ones.I've been given a second chance, and that's not something that everyone gets.摇头丸苦海无崖我听到许多人谈论摇头丸，说它是一种奇妙无害的麻醉品。
unit7 things翻译
of a cityscape seen from the window of a jet—these are the intimate realities of his existence. Man-made things enter into and color his consciousness. Their number is expanding with explosive force, both absolutely and relative to the natural environment. This will be even more true in super-industrial society than it is today.我们周围人造物品的海洋外围还有更广阔的自燃物品的海洋。
但是这个技术制造的环境逐渐影响着人类。
塑料或混凝土结构，街灯下霓虹闪烁的汽车，从飞机窗口俯瞰到的缓慢移动的城市—这些人类的亲密伙伴。
人造物品进入并影响了人类意识，其数量急剧增长，无论是就绝对而言还是相对而言。
这种现象在将来的超级工业化社会会更加突出。
Anti-materialists tend to deride the importance of “things.” Yet things are highly significant, not m erely because of their functional utility, but also because of their psychological impact. We develop relationships with things. Things affect our sense of foreshortening of our relationships with things accelerates the pace of life.唯心主义者试图否认物品的重要性，但是物品是非常重要的，不仅因为它有实用功能，还因为其对精神的影响，我们发展和物品的关系，物品影响我们对关联和断联的意识。
第七章 参考译文
第七章参考译文随堂练习11．The purposes of his journey were both military and political.这次旅行既有军事上的目的，又有政治上的目的。
2．Some of the gases in the air are fairly constant in amount, while others are not.空气中有些气体的含量相当稳定，有些就不稳定。
3．You may apply in person or by letter.你可以本人亲自去申请或寄信去申请。
4．Some go only for one year, many for two, but never longer, unless the ship which is to bring them out cannot reach their base.(W. M. Smith: In the Antarctic)有些人在这里呆一年，也有人要呆两年，但绝对不会再久，除非去接他们的船只到不了基地。
5．He was a clever man; a pleasant companion; a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern. (William Thackeray: Vanity Fair)他是个聪明人，很好相处，就是学习不肯用功；老是东挪西借，还喜欢上酒馆喝上两口。
随堂练习21．—Did you enjoy your time in Nanjing？—Yes, I did.——你在南京过得愉快吗？——是的，我过得很愉快。
2．—Is matter in constant motion and in constant change?—Yes, it is.——物质是在不断地运动和变化着吗？——是的，物质是在不断地运动和变化着。
7单元课文翻译
When I was a tiny baby crying all night, my mom sang to me and stayed by my side
当我还是个整夜哭泣的婴儿时，妈妈唱歌给我听,陪在我身边
When I was tired and hungry, she gave me food and warm arms to sleep in
现在我是一个成年人了,回想那些时光
I coughed for days ater eating that ice-cream
在吃了冰淇淋后，我咳嗽了好几天
And had scary dreams ater watching that film
看了那个电影后，做了很多噩梦
我们并不反对跑步
!
But we think our son needs to think about other possible jobs.
但是我们认为我们的儿子需要考虑其他可能的工作。
He’s getting older now, so he needs to think about what will happen if he doesn’t end up a
九岁的时候,当我看恐怖电影时,她说这会让我做噩梦
But I shouted back angrily, “I should be allowed to watch it! I’m not a baby!”
但是我愤怒地吼道,“应该允许我看这个!我不再是一个孩子了!”
When I was a teen going out with riends, she said, “Please be back by ten!”
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英汉指代衔接特点 Differences between English and Chinese References
英语 汉语
• 除了为达到特殊 的修辞效果以外， 一般尽量用代词指 代
• 倾向于重复前文 出现的名词，或者 采caterpillar was slowly crawling out from under the lettuce. It was huge, fat, and apparently well-fed. It paused in its travels to survey the scene. Purple with fury, Henry could barely find his voice. (A Hard Day in the Kitchen, Shannon Hodge) 译文 译文2 1 一条绿虫子正慢吞吞地从生菜底下爬出来。那 一条绿色蠕虫正慢慢地从生菜下面爬出来，很 虫子又大又肥，显然吃得很好，在途中还停下 大，很肥，显然吃得很好。它在旅途中停下来 来审视周围的环境。亨利气得脸色发青，话都 以观察周围的环境。亨利气得脸色发紫，话都 差点说不出来了。 差点说不出来。
时间 Temporal
• With night approaching, the boatman and I had no choice but to wait until the wind stopped. (Three Great Rolls, Benjamin Franklin) [参考译文1] 眼看夜色来临，船主和我只好等风住 了再说。 [参考译文2] 夜幕渐渐降临，船夫和我别无选择， 只能等待风停下来再说。
D. 连接词 Conjunction
增补
转折
因果
时间
增补 Additive
• Our arguments were often brought before our father, and I guess I was either generally in the right, or else a better debater, because the judgment was usually in my favor. (Three Great Rolls, Benjamin Franklin)
[参考译文1] 我们往往要争吵到父亲那儿去，我想 若不是我占理，那就是我嘴更硬，因为父亲评起理 来通常是偏向我的。
[参考译文2] 我们之间的争吵最后常常要父亲决断， 我想要么是我在理，要么就是我能说善辩，反正父 亲评起来往往是我在理。
转折 Adversative
• We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of children “belonging” to their parents. But nobody is “belonging” to anyone else. (Love Is Not Like Merchandise, Sydney J. Harris) [参考译文1] 我们往往待人如物。我们甚至说孩子 “属于”父母。但是谁也不“属于”谁。 [参考译文2] 我们总是把人看作是货物，甚至会说 孩子是“父母的”。可是，没有谁是“哪个人的”。
3. 篇章特征 Features of Text
衔接 连贯 明确的论题结构
4. 衔接 Cohesion
Substitution B
Reference
A Cohesive devices E D
C
Ellipsis
Lexical cohesion
Conjunction
A. 指代 Reference
(3) 小句替代 Substitution of Clause
• When my brother finally found out, he was not exactly pleased. Perhaps this might be one cause for the arguments that we began to have about this time. (Three Great Rolls, Benjamin Franklin) [参考译文1] 哥哥终于发现了，他很不高兴。我 们大概是这个时候开始争吵的，也许这要算个原 因。
因果 Causal
• I started wondering why I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of being arrested, because there was obviously no cop around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it. (Trust ，Andy Rooney) [参考译文1] 我开始琢磨起自己为什么不肯闯红灯 这个问题来。我并不是害怕被抓住，因为周围根本 没有警察，即使闯红灯也不会有什么危险。 [参考译文2] 我开始纳闷儿为什么没闯红灯呢。当 时旁边肯定没有警察，又不用担心被拘留，而且即 便冒险闯了灯也没什么危险啊。
E. 词汇衔接 Lexical Cohesion
• What characterizes almost all Hollywood pictures is their inner emptiness. This is compensated for by an outer impressiveness. Such impressiveness usually takes the form of a truly grandiose realism. 几乎所有好莱坞电影的特征都是内容空虚。 这种空虚被具有感染力的外表所掩盖。这 种感染力通常以非常宏伟的写实手法表现 出来。
2. Question to discuss:
Look at the following examples: Are they texts? Why or why not?
E.g. Tom’s wife is female. Tom’s wife is a teacher. 他出生在这一类人中间，出生在这种地 方，他还有这样的母亲，这些要是让他知道 的话，他会多么丢人。
第七章 篇章翻译
Translation of Text
1. 篇章的概念 Concept of Text
• The word text is used in linguistics to refer to any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that does form a unified whole…. It may be anything from a single proverb to a whole play, from a cry for help to an all-day discussion…. • A text is a unit of language in use. It is not a grammatical unit…. It is not defined by its size…. A text is best regarded as a semantic unit, a unit not of form but of meaning. ------Halliday and Hasan
• It was a lovely spring day and the rose vine on the trellis was turning green. Under the huge elm trees, we could see yellow dandelions popping through the grass in bunches, as if a painter had touched our landscape with dabs of gold. • I watched my mother casually bend down by one of the clumps. “I think I’m going to dig up all these weeds,” she said, yanking a blossom up by its roots. “From now on, we’ll have only roses in this garden.” (My Mother’s Gift, Suzanne Chazin)
• Though a brother, I was his apprentice and he considered himself my master. He expected the same services from me as he would from another; while I thought he asked too much of a brother. (Three Great Rolls, Benjamin Franklin) [参考译文1] 虽说是兄弟，我可是给他当学徒， 他也以我的老板自居。他要求我和别人一样干 活，可是我觉得他这样要求亲兄弟也太过分了。 [参考译文2] 虽是兄弟，我却成了哥哥的学徒， 而他也把自己看作是我的老板，要求我像其他 人一样给他卖力；可是我觉得这样对兄弟也太 不讲情分了。
(2) 动词替代 Substitution of Verb
甲：玛丽学近代文学，不学近代语言 学。 乙: 她学近代历史么？
A：Mary studies modern literature and doesn’t do modern linguistics. B：Does she do modern history?
朋友有点不好意思的解释 说，买这座房子时，孩子 们还上着学，如今都成家 立业了。 （《枣核》）
Vs.