2003年ACM-ICPC南太平洋赛区试题解析-1
2003年中国数学奥林匹克试题及解答

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2003年美国大学生数学建模竞赛题目

2003年美国大学生数学建模竞赛题目问题A: 特技演员影片在拍摄中影片在拍摄中, , , 一个激动人心的动作场景将要摄入镜头一个激动人心的动作场景将要摄入镜头一个激动人心的动作场景将要摄入镜头, , , 而你是特技协而你是特技协调员调员! ! ! 一位特技演员驾驶着摩托车跨越一头大象,一位特技演员驾驶着摩托车跨越一头大象,随后跌落在借以缓冲的一堆纸箱上一堆纸箱上. . . 你需要保护特技演员你需要保护特技演员你需要保护特技演员,,而且而且, , , 也要使用相对而言较少的纸箱也要使用相对而言较少的纸箱(较低的花费(较低的花费, , , 不能进入镜头不能进入镜头不能进入镜头, , , 等等)。
等等)。
你的工作如下:? 确定所用纸箱的大小确定所用纸箱的大小确定所用纸箱的数目确定所用纸箱的数目? 确定纸箱的堆放办法确定纸箱的堆放办法? 还请确定还请确定还请确定, , , 通过对纸箱的各种调整通过对纸箱的各种调整通过对纸箱的各种调整, , , 是否会有所帮助是否会有所帮助? 请把你的研究推广到不同组合重量(特技演员请把你的研究推广到不同组合重量(特技演员请把你的研究推广到不同组合重量(特技演员 & & & 摩托车)和不同跨越摩托车)和不同跨越高度的情形留心一下留心一下, , , 在影片“明日帝国”中,角色在影片“明日帝国”中,角色James Bond Bond 驾驶着摩托车飞过驾驶着摩托车飞过一架直升机一架直升机. .问题B: Gamma 刀治疗方案立体定位放射外科立体定位放射外科, , , 用单一高剂量离子化射束在用单一高剂量离子化射束在X 光机精确界定下照射颅内的一个小的3D 脑瘤脑瘤, , , 与此同时与此同时与此同时, , , 并没有处方剂量的任何显著份额伤并没有处方剂量的任何显著份额伤及周边的脑组织及周边的脑组织. . . 在这个领域中在这个领域中在这个领域中,,一般有三种形式的射束可以采用,分别是Gamma 刀单元刀单元, , , 带电重粒子射束带电重粒子射束带电重粒子射束, , , 以及来自直线加速器的外用高能光以及来自直线加速器的外用高能光子束子束. .Gamma 刀单元具备的单一高剂量离子化射束刀单元具备的单一高剂量离子化射束, , , 是是201个钴个钴-60-60单位源通过厚重的盔状物发射出来的。
NOIP2003普及组初赛试题答案

第九届分区联赛普及组初赛试题●● 全部试题答案均要求写在答卷纸上,写在试卷纸上一律无效●●一.选择一个正确答案代码(A/B/C/D/E),填入每题的括号内(每题1.5分,共30分) 1.下列计算机设备中,既是输入设备,又是输出设备的是( )。
A)键盘B)触摸屏C)扫描仪D)投影仪E)数字化仪2.下列分辨率的显示器所显示出的图像,最清晰的是( )。
A)800*600 B)1024*768 C)640*480 D)1280*1024 E)800*10003.下列说法中,正确的是( )。
A)在内存中,可执行程序用二进制码表示,源程序用八进制表示。
B)程序和数据在内存中都是用二进制码表示的。
C)内存中数据的存取是以二进制位为单位的。
D)中央处理器CPU执行的每条指令的长度都不同。
E)一般来说,在计算机内部,中文信息用十六进制表示,英文信息用八进制表示。
4.下列说法中,错误的是( )。
A)程序是指令的序列,它有三种结构:顺序、分支和循环。
B)地址总线决定了中央处理器CPU所能访问的最大内存空间的大小。
C)中央处理器CPU内部有寄存器组,用来存储数据。
D)不同厂家生产的CPU所能处理的指令集不一定相同。
E)数据传输过程中不可能会出错。
5.CPU访问内存的速度比访问下列哪个存储设备要慢( )。
A)寄存器B)硬盘C)软盘D)磁带E)光盘6.下列电子邮件地址,正确的是( )。
A)wang@ B)cai@jcc.pc.tool@.jpC)162.105.111.22 D)E)http://7.数字图像文件可以用下列哪个软件来编辑( )。
A)画笔(Paintbrush) B)记事簿(Notepad) C)RecorderD)WinRAR E)MidiSoft8.下列哪个软件不是操作系统软件的名字( )。
A)Windows XP B)DOS C)Linux D)OS/2 E)Arch/Info9.下列哪个不是个人计算机的硬件组成部分( )。
NoiP2003提高组复赛试题分析

第一题:神经网络【试题分析】一、题意分析1、任务描述:从输入层开始,各节点按照传递公式,一层一层向下传递。
输出输出层中信号大于零的节点编号和信号大小。
(节点编号由小到大)如果没有满足条件的编号则输出NULL。
信号传递公式:∑∈-=Ei jijjiiUCWC),(公式中的Wji(可能为负值)表示连接j号神经元和i号神经元的边的权值。
当Ci大于0时,该神经元处于兴奋状态,否则就处于平静状态。
当神经元处于兴奋状态时,下一秒它会向其它神经元传递信号,信号的强度为Ci。
2、输入:两个整数n(1≤n≤20)和p。
n表示节点的个数;p表示有向边的条数。
下面n行表示1-n号节点的状态和阈值。
下面p行表示有向边及其权值。
3、输出:输出输出层状态大于零的神经元编号和状态,并且按照编号有小到大顺序输出!若输出层的神经元最后状态小于等于0,则输出NULL。
二、问题分析1、题目中给出每层神经元只向下一层的神经元输出信息,只从上一层神经元接受信息。
所以不必进行拓扑排序,一层一层的向下传递信号即可。
输出最后一层中信号大于零的节点编号。
2、可以建立一个队列,将输入层节点入队。
3、取队首节点出队,寻找此节点有向边,如果有有向边:1)则记录此节点不是输出层;2)再判断此节点信号大于零则向下传递信号,将指向的节点入队(防止重复入队)。
再出队再传递,直至全部出队。
注意:1)输入层可以是输出层。
2)信号传递公式中只减一次U[i]。
【程序清单】Program network;ConstInName='network.in';OutName='network.out';MM=100;VarInFile,OutFile:Text;C,U:Array[1..MM] Of LongInt;Map:Array[1..MM,1..MM] Of LongInt;Flag:Array[1..MM,1..MM] Of Boolean;IsOut:Array[1..MM] Of Boolean;Queue:Array[1..MM] Of LongInt;N,P,i,Int1,Int2,Head,Rear:LongInt;IsInQueue:Array[1..MM] Of Boolean;IsNull:Boolean;BeginAssign(InFile,InName);Reset(InFile);ReadLn(InFile,N,P);For i:=1 To N Do ReadLn(InFile,C[i],U[i]); FillChar(Flag,SizeOf(Flag),False);For i:=1 To P Do BeginRead(InFile,Int1,Int2);ReadLn(InFile,Map[Int1,Int2]);Flag[Int1,Int2]:=True;End;Close(InFile);FillChar(IsOut,SizeOf(IsOut),True);FillChar(IsInQueue,SizeOf(IsInQueue),False); Head:=1; Rear:=1;For i:=1 To N Do BeginIf C[i]>0 Then BeginQueue[Rear]:=i;Inc(Rear);IsInQueue[i]:=True;EndElse C[i]:=-U[i];End;While Head<Rear Do BeginFor i:=1 To N DoIf Flag[Queue[Head],i] Then BeginIf C[Queue[Head]]>0 Then BeginInc(C[i],Map[Queue[Head],i]*C[Queue[Head]]);If Not IsInQueue[i] Then BeginQueue[Rear]:=i;Inc(Rear);IsInQueue[i]:=True;End;End;IsOut[Queue[Head]]:=False;End;Inc(Head);End;Assign(OutFile,OutName);Rewrite(OutFile);IsNull:=True;For i:=1 To N DoIf IsOut[i] ThenIf C[i]>0 Then BeginWriteLn(OutFile,i,' ',C[i]);IsNull:=False;End;If IsNull Then WriteLn(OutFile,'NULL');Close(OutFile);End.第二题:侦探推理【试题分析】一、题意分析1、任务描述:M个人参加游戏,每人提供一句或多句证言,共P句证言。
2003-2011年全国大学生英语竞赛C类初赛、决赛真题及答案汇总

2003-2011年全国大学生英语竞赛试题2011 National English Contest for College students(Level C-Preliminary)Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversations will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a twenty-second pause, read the question and the there choices marked A,B and C ,and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.1.What does the man want to do?A.Get something to eat now.B.Find a quiet place that shows games.C.Watch the next game with the woman.2.Why does not the man have a MySpace account?A.He is not skilled at using computer.B.All of the instruction are in EnglishC.The woman won not teach him.3.How long does the woman plan to try teleworkingA.For a few days.B.For a few weeks.C.For a few months.4.What does the man hope will happen?A.The price of cell phone novels will go down.B.The novel’s author will writer longer stories.C.The woman will tell him ho the story ends.5.what is the woman going to do next?A.turn on her computer.B.Go for a walk with peter.C.Visit her new neighbors.Section B (10 marks)In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end each conversation, there will be a one minute pause. During the pause, read the questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre. Conversation one6.What did Jack do over the summer?A.He studied very hard.B.He took a summer class.C.He visited one of his teachers.7.What does Jack think of Ms Wellington as a teacher?A.Easy-going.B.Tough.C.Interesting.8.Why is Ms Wellington’s class hard?A.Her exams are difficult.B.She does not give students the help they need.C.She makes do lots of work.Conversation two9.Why is Mrs. Griffin going to the city where the hotel is located?A.He is on holiday.B.He’s on a business tripC.He is going to a conference.10. How many times has Mrs. Griffin stayed at the Sunrise Hotel?A. Twice.B. Once.C. Three times.11. Where is Mrs. Griffin form?A. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Australia.12. What is Mrs. Griffin’s passport number?A.87647489B.87637289C.8763748913. What kind of room does Mrs. Griffin want?A. A single room for two nights.B. A double room for two nights.C. A single room for one night.14. When will Mrs. Griffin arrive at Sunrise Hotel?A. at 9:15 pmB. at 9:35 pmC. at 10:00 pm15. What food will be put into Mrs. Griffin’s room?A. a sandwich with fries.B. a cheese sandwich.C. a burger with chips.Section C (5Marks)16. What does the Associated Press ask editor and news directors to do?A. vote for the top stories of the year.B. describe the oil spill in the Gulf of MexicoC. writes about the 11 workers killed in the explosion17. Where are the doctors and technology experts from?A. New Y ork.B. LondonC. Tokyo18. For how long does President Obama agree to extend the tax cuts?A. for four yearsB. for three yearsC. for two years.19. How many people in the world don’t have enough to eat,according to the report?A. more than one billion.B. some six hundred million.C. nearly nine hundred million20. What have astronomers recently discovered?A. there are unknown plants in older galaxies.B. there are many galaxies in the universeC. there are a lot more red dwarf in older galaxiesSection D (10 marks)In the section, you will hear a short passage. There are 10 missing words phrases. Fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. Remember to write the answer on the answer sheetWhat do you do if you don’t get your first choice university? This ____ faces thousands of British every year. Many such_____ turn to Clearing, a service that helps find university places for students at the last moment. If they don’t have the marks to get into their____, Clearing tells them about places available at other university, though they might have to read a difficult subject.This year has seen a record number of people applying to university. This, combined with the _____________________,an uncertain job market, and budget cuts at university, product even more of a scramble for places than usual. Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining___________________________ placeThe British University Admissions Service, UCAS, says up to a quarter of this year’s university applicants-almost 190000 people-have not been admitted intoa____________________________. That is an increase of over 46000 students from last year.Faced with these figure, some British students might consider an interesting alternative:_____________________________. The University of Nottingham for is offering place at its campuses in Ningbo, near Shanghai, and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Students at these institutions can earn University of Nottingham degrees, according, engineering and English. Similarly, the University of Bolton says it has unlimited places at its campus in the United Arab Emirates.To deal with these problems, the UK’s Higher Education Minister, David Willet’s, isencouraging students who have not made the grade to consider alternatives to university, such as _______________________and studying at home.“There are arrange of options available, “he says. “people can reapply next year, so they should consider spending this year in a way that will add positively to their CVs. Getting_____________________or other skills will strengthen their chances next year.” Some commentators say, though that rising university costs, poor long-term_______________________, and a drop in graduate recruitment mean this the worst time to be a university student in the UK.Part Two V ocabulary and Structure (15 marks )There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.31.After four days of talks, we are glad to announce that the union and management have reached an______. The agreement is fair and benefits both sides.A.accordB. accomplishmentC. identityD. undertaking32.As the clerk______prepared my milk shake, I wondered how long she had been working there ,mindlessly making ice cream treats in a set order of steps.A.logicallyB. methodicallyC. graphicallyD. synthetically33. As a boy he wanted to be a fireman. As a high school student, he thought he'd like to become a teacher. Now he______to be nothing more than a janitor.A.AssumesB. PrescribesC. AspiresD. Presumes34. Regardless of what caused it, I an grateful that have finally reached a point in my life_______I can appreciate my strengths, accept my weaknesses and try to be comfortable with everything in between.A.WhyB. WhereC. WhichD. What35. ______information provided by members of the public, the police would have a much move difficult job.A.SupposingB. Provided theC. If it were not forD. On condition that36.Peter Brown was a painstaking writer;______, he once spent half a day on the composition ofa single sentence.A.On the other handB. NeverthelessC. MoreoverD. For example37.----What an I going to do about a present for Carol?----Y ou______some flowers.A.Might have sent herB. Must have sent herC. Could send herD. Would send her38.Without the air holding in some of the sun's heat, the earth______cold at night, too cold for us to live on.A.Will be freezingB. Would be freezingC. An be frozenD. Would be frozen39.The students in our university each______an English dictionary. That is to say, each of the students in our university______an English dictionary.A.Have; hasB. Have; haveC. Has; haveD. Has; has40.Here's your kitchen. I hope you enjoy cooking here. Is there______else that you need?A.SomethingB. AnythingC. NothingD. Everything41.David______his business partner over plans to reduce the workforce.A.Came down toB. Broke down toC. Fell out withD. Went along with42.______is this piece of equipment to be removed from the building.A.On no accountB. AbsolutelyC. ScarcelyD. Not at all43.Helen' s parents were______that she was still on the job., but she had resigned.A.In doubtB. Of the opinionC. Under the impressionD. With suspicion44.----I don't think I will ever, in my life, win a lottery of five million dollars.----Well, ______. Anything can happen.A.Y ou made itB. Y ou're kiddingC. What you sayD. Y ou can never tell45.-----How did you find the concert in the Grand Theatre last night?-----______ but the conductor was perfect.A.I couldn't agree moreB. I didn't think much of itC. I was crazy about itD. I really liked itPart Three Cloze(15 marks )I have been reading a lot on my iPad recently, and I have some (46)_____ (complain) not about the iPad itself but about the state of digital reading generally. Reading is a subtle thing, and its subtleties are artifacts of a venerable medium: words printed in ink on paper. Glass and pixels aren't the same.When I read a physical book, I don't have to look anywhere else to find out how much I've read. The iPad e---reader, iBooks tries to create the (47) illu_____ of a physical book. The pages seem to turn, and I can the edges of those that remain, but it's fake. There are always exactly six unturned pages, no matter (48)_____ I am in the book.Also, there is a larger problem. Books in their digital format look vastly less "finished", or less genuine than real books. Y ou can vary their font and type size, but this only makes them(49)_____(resemble) word---processed---no matter how (50)_____(wretch) or wonderful they are---will never look as good as Robert Hass's poems in the print edition of The Apple Trees at Olema. But your poems can look almost exactly as ugly---as "e---book---like" ---as the Kindle version of that collection.All the e---book I've read have been ugly---books by Chang---rae Lee, Alvin Kernan, and Stieg Larsson---though the texts have been wonderful. I didn't grow up reading texts. I grew up reading books, and this(51)_____(differ) is important.When it comes to digital editions, the(52)_____(assume) seems to be that allbooks(53)are_____(create) equal. However, nothing could be further from the truth. In the mass migration from print to digital, we're seeing a profusion of digital books---many of them out of copyright---that look new and even "HD," but which may well have been supplanted by more accurate editions and better translations. We need a digital readers' guide---a place where readers can find(54)_____ whether the book they're about to download is the best available edition. (55)Fi_____, two related problems. I already have a personal library, but most of the books I've read have come from(56)_____(lend) libraries. Barnes & Noble has released an e---reader that allows short---term (57) _____(borrow) of some books. The entire idea behind Amazon's Kindle and Apple's iBooks assumes that you cannot read a book unless you own it first and that only you can read it unless you want to give your reading device to someone else.This goes against the social value of reading, the collective knowledge and(58)_____(collaborate) discourse that comes from access to (59)_____or our culture in general.Part Four Reading Comprehension (40 marks).Section A (10 marks ).Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Not keen on reading? Do you have trouble finding a novel that arouses your interest? Why not follow Ammon Shea's example and start reading a dictionary?Mr Shea owns over 1,000 dictionaries and he reads them for fun. He recently spent a year reading all 20 volumes of the Oxford English Dictionary. The dictionary contains more than20,000 pages and over 59 million words.As he read from A to Z, he noted down interesting words in a ledger. This includes words such as "happify," meaning to make someone happy and "tripudiate", which means to dance, skip or leap for joy. Mr Shea also kept a diary about this experience, which has since become abest---selling book.Why did he do this? He claims it was fun. "I've always enjoyed reading dictionaries . They are far more interesting than people give then credit for," he said.It appears that it was not his goal to sound more intelligent by using longer and more complex words. "I'm not against long, fancy or obscure words, but I'm opposed to using then for their own sake," he said.In fact ,as a result of reading so many new words , Mr Shea often forgot everyday vocabulary. He wrote, "My head was so full of words that I often had trouble forming simple sentences."Mr Shea is not alone in his love of reading dictionaries.Elaine Higgleton, a representative of Collins Cbuild dictionaries, explained that thousands of crossword puzzle and Srabble fans read dictionaries for fun and to improve their games. Ms Higgleton did however note that, "It's probably not the best way to learn English ,and you'd learn more than you need." It is not known how many of the 59 million words Ms Shea remembers, but he has certainly made history with his eccentric hobby.Questions 61 to 65.Decide whether the following statements are True or False.61.Mr Shea has read 1.000 dictionaries.62.Mr Shea spent one month reading the Oxford English Dictionary.63.In Mr Shea's opinion,people don't give dictionaries enough credit for being interesting.64.Mr Shea thinks it is important t be able to use long and complicated words in everyday conversation.65.Elaine Higgleton thinks that reading a dictionary is the best way to learn English.Section B (10 marks)Questions 66 to 70are based on the following passage.Surfing is something people often get hooked on after trying it a few times. For many surfers it is much more than a hobby---they would probably agree with the American professional surfer Kelly Slater when he said,"Once you're in, you're in. There's no getting out.""Surfing", of course, refers to riding on ocean waves using a surfboard. Many surfers stand up on their boards, which requires god balance and is therefore difficult for most beginners to learn, but some lie down and "bodyboard"The history of surfing probably began with the Polynesian people of the Pacific Islands. One of the first white people to see anyone surfing was the British explorer Captain Gook, when his ship arrived in Hawaii in 1779. He watched many Hawaiians riding waves on large pieces of wood, and reported that, "Surfing seems to give them a feeling of great pleasure. "When surfing started to become very popular in the United States in the 1950's and 60s, surfers used large wooden boards (often more than three metres long) that were quite heavy. Boards today are shorter and also much lighter, because they are made of artificial materials instead of wood. For anyone who wants to try surfing. The only essentials are waves and a board. There are a few other things, however, that most surfers find important; a cord t attach one of their ankles to the board and therefore stop it from being carried a long way away when they fall off'; wax, which they put on the surface of the board to help their feet stick to it; and a wetsuit to help them keep warm in cold water. The south---west of English is an example of a place where surfers usually need wetsuits, even in summer.Surfing has been a professional sport for many yeara and the very best surfers are able to makea living from it. Most of the best professional surfers in the last 30 years, both men and women, have been American or Australian, but surfers from Brazil, Peru and South Africa have also won important competitions.Questions 66 to 70Answer the following questions with the information given in the assage in a maximum of 10 words for each question.66.Why do most beginners find it difficult t stand up on a surfboard?67.In what part of the world did surfing probably begin?68.When did surfing start to become very popular in the United States?69.What do surfers use wax for?70.According to the passage, in what part of the world do surfers usually need wetsuits? Section C (10 marks)Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.The latest human development report from the United Nations Development Programmed (UNDP) contains some good news, but also a very serious warning about the threat posed y climate change.The report, published annually since 1990, seeks to asses “human development” around the world, and calculates a “Human Development Index (HDI) for 169 counties. The HDI is based on average income, life expectancy and level of education in a country. Not surprisingly, rich counties tend to have higher HDIs than poor counties, but there are interesting variations in human development among countries with similar levels of economic development, because some have better health and education systems than others.According to the 2010 report, the county with the highest level of human development is Norway, followed by Australia, New Zealand, the United States and Ireland. Most of the lowest HDIs belong to counties in sub-Saharan Africa.Almost all counties around the worlds have higher HDIs now than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis, the total number of people living in extreme poverty has increased. The report concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are better educated and have access to more goods and services. Even in countries with severe economic problems, people’s level of health and education as generally improved. Although sub-Saharan Africancountries are at the bottom of the pile in terms of human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is critical, however, of the fact economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries.The greatest threat to improving HDIs in the future, according to the report, is climate change. Economic growth increases average incomes in a country through increasing production and consumption. However , if this leads to greater emissions of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warning will probably accelerate, and cause severe environmental problems in some parts of the world hat will threaten the livelihoods of huge numbers f people. The progress of the last twenty years, therefore, might not be sustainable.The only solution, according to the report, I to break the link between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions-which, needless to say, is easier, said than done.Questions 71 to 75Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage in a maximum of 10 words for each blank.71. The concept of “human development” is based on the following three factors: _______,_____________and_____________.72. Some countries with similar levels of economic development have quite different HDIs because they have_____________.73._________________has caused the number of people living in extreme poverty to increase since 2008.74. The report says that ______________ is the greatest threat to increasing HDIs in the future.75. The report says the link between____________ and ____________needs to be broken. Section D (10 marks)Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passageIt is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstanding between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with crises: that they talk too much about certain problems-and that they have no sense o humor, at least parent-child relationships.I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget howthey felt themselves when were young.Y oung people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes, hairstyles, entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted, so they create a culture and society and their own. Then, if it turns out that their music, entertainers, vocabulary, clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste.Sometimes teenagers are resistant and proud because they do not want their parents to approve of what they do. If they did approve, it looks as if the teenager is betraying his own age group. All this is assuming that the teenager is the underdog: he can not win but at least he can keep his honor. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after years of childhood, when children were completely under their parent’s control, but it ignores the fact that when they become teenagers, children are beginning to be responsible for themselves.If you plan to control your life, co-operation should be a part of that plan. Y ou can charm other people, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. Y ou can also impress people with your of responsibility and your initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do.Questions 76 to 78Choose the best answer according to the passage.76 the first paragraph is mainly about_____________.A teena gers’ criticism of their parentsB misunderstanding between teenagers and their parentsC the dominance of parents over their childrenD teenagers’ ability to deal with crises77 teenagers have strange clothes and hairstyles because they___________A have a strong desire to be leaders in style and tasteB want to prove their existence by creating a culture of their ownC have no other way to enjoy themselvesD want to irritate their parent78 teenagers do not want their parents to approve of what they do because they_______________.A have already been accepted into adult worldB feel that they are superior to adult worldC want to win adults over to their cultureD don’t want to appear to be disloyal to their own age groupQuestion 79 to 80Translate the sentences in the passage into Chinese79 I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they felt themselves when were young80 Y ou can charm other people, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want.Part V translate (10 mark)Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given brackets. Remember to write your answer on the answer sheet.81 他以牺牲健康为代价获得财富。
2003世界技能大赛电子技术试题(英文版)

16Date of Issue WORLDSKILLS QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARD Document No.TD16 Approved Technical Description – Industrial Electronics Revision1WorldSkills (International Vocational Training Organisation), by a resolution of the Technical Committee and in accordance with the Constitution, the Standing Orders and the Competition Rules, has adopted the following minimum requirements for trade No. 16 for the WorldSkills Competition:The effective date will be that date on which this document is issued, subject to approval by the Chairman of the Technical Committee.1Name and description of trade1.1The name of the trade is:Industrial Electronics1.2The Industrial Electronics Technician works in industrial or commercialenvironments and works with or studies electronics. This includes:- development- construction- design- measuring- testing- repair1.3This technical description must be known to every candidate.1.4In the event of any query or conflict within the technical descriptions, the Englishcopy will take precedence1.5Words implying masculine gender only shall include the feminine gender2Scope of work at WorldSkills Competitions2.1The practical work will test the competitors ability to:- assemble, adjust, commission, measure and test electronic equipment- carry out and document measurements on analogue and digital circuits- locate, document and repair faults in a given circuit- design or refine a design of a circuit, and construct using prototypeconstruction techniques2.2To solve theoretical tasks using mathematical and graphical methods to aTechnician Level2.3To redraw a circuit drawing schematic with Computer Aided Design.Competitors must bring their own laptop and software of their choice.3Competition Format for Practical Work3.1AssemblingAssemble a project that has to be from a kit of parts to the IPC-A-610 issue Cinternational acceptability of electronic assemblies. (Web page/main/ipca/htm. Each project should be able to fit a Euro cardstandard using DIN 41612 F64 or F32connectors, that will fit a standard backplane connector. Power points will be as follows: -A1C1+5v DigitalA2C2Digital GroundA15+5v AnalogC15+12v AnalogA16C16Analog groundA17-5v AnalogC17-12v AnalogA31C31Digital GroundA32C32+5v Digital3.2Measuring and TestingTo work with conventional measuring and testing equipment for AC, DC, digitaland analog electronics. To test, set, adjust and measure electronic components,modules and equipment. To record and analyse measured results. Boards willbe pre-built before the competition.3.3Fault Finding and RepairTo test, locate and replace faulty electronic components on a printed circuitboard, surface mount board or mixed technology board.All surface mountcomponents to have no more than four pins and Fault finding method/procedurewith results will be required. All boards will be pre-built before the competition.Each board will have at least three faults. Pin configurations and power supplywill be as 3.0.Competitors may bring their own measurement instruments.3.4Prototype DesignTo carry out a simple electronic design using given components to meet a givenspecification. Printed circuit boards should be pre-built. Resistors E24 series,0.25 watt to be available from host country.No more than 15 wire wrapconnections and no more 15 point to point connections will be required on thismodule. Pin configurations and power supply will be as 3.0.Competitors may bring their own measurement instruments.3.5The competition is modular and will be marked at the end of every module.3.6Time allowed for each module is as follows:Theory 2 hoursDrawing 2 hoursPrototype 4 hoursFault Finding 4 hoursMeasurement 4 hoursAssembly Project 3 + 3 hours4Theoretical Knowledge4.1To solve theoretical problems, using mathematical and graphical methods basedon the following:4.1.1Fundamental electronic principles:1. Basics of AC and DC technology.2. Two ports LRC networks, resistive networks with up to three meshes.3. RC oscillators.4.1.2Components in Electronics:Properties, behaviour, characteristics and application (elementary circuits) ofmechanically, electrically and physically adjustable components i.e.:-Resistors-Capacitors-Coils-Transformers-Diodes: rectifying diodes, switch diodes, zener diodes, capacitive diodes, PIN diodes-Trigger components: diac, triac, thyristor and uni-junction transistors.4.1.3Multistage and special amplifier circuits:Basic amplifier circuits (AC, DC and power amplifiers)Differential amplifiers/operational amplifiers.1. Ideal operational amplifier: (infinite input resistance, zero outputresistance and infinite open loop grain) Basic circuits with operationalamplifier, analogue adder and subtractor, differentiator, comparator,impedance transducer.2. Real operational amplifier: Offset voltage and offset current,compensation, common mode gain and rejection, temperature drift,frequency response.4.1.4Generators and Pulse shapers:1. Generators for sine wave voltage: RC, quartz, LC oscillator; wien bridgegenerator, phase generator.2. Pulse shaper: Schmitt trigger, differentiator, integrator.4.1.5Digital Electronics1. Basic logic gates.2. Level switching function, function table, pulse, diagram, circuit symbols(table in appendix).3. Properties of basic gates AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EXCLUSIVE OREXCLUSIVE NOR.4. Substituting basic NAND or NOR gates for basic gates.5. Creating switching functions from given circuits and vice versa.6. Making function table from circuit diagrams and switching functions.7. Simplifying switching networks using Karnaugh diagram or mathematicaltechniques.8. Flip-flops; RS Flip-flop, D Flip-flop, JK Master slave Flip-flop (especiallycounter circuits, shift register and frequency divider).9. Memory circuits, selection, addressing, and memory decoding volume.5Materials5.1ComponentsThe workshop master must ensure that the materials provided are completed,packed in bags and checked also for the power supply project, and range of E24,0.25w resistors from 10 ohm to 10 megohms is supplied. The host country willalso supply the back plane as per drawing –Refer Document 4.3/PD16 – Project Design Criteria5.2Other materials1. Graph paper A3 size2. Solder 60/40 type3. Approx. 5m bare wire (0.5mm diameter) per competitor4. Approx. 5m each of insulated wire (or standard wire) in five differentcolours for each competitor5. Binding/insulation tape6. Lacing string /Tie raps/heat shrink sleeving7. Hot-air fan for heat-shrink tubing5.5ClothingWork clothes must comply with relevant safety standards. Safety standardsrequire a minimum of safety glasses and covered footwear.6Workshop Installations6.1The working area should provide enough space for the competitors, experts(jury), measurement and repair area, material cupboards and wardrobes.6.2The general layout of the workshop venue will be as below, with sufficient spacefor the booth and for the competitors working area as defined in 6.3 below.Key to the layout above is:Please note that this is an example of the layout, and is not definitive. The minimum area requirements will be available.6.2.1General RequirementsThe working area should provide enough space for the competitors, expert’s (jury), measurement and repair area, material cupboards and wardrobes.Lockable cupboards must be provided for the safe keeping of the materials and the examination papers under the responsibility of the chief expert.The organizers will provide four sets of the following for the experts:1. 4 x Hot-air fan for heat-shrink tubing2. 2 x Magnifiers for experts x3 or x53. 2 x Computers4. One Laser printer6.3The personal working area for each competitor should be about 3m x 3m, andshall also allow for the equipment and machines specified in Sec. 6.4 below.6.4Measuring Instruments and Tester/ToolsThe organisers will provide the following for each competitor:1. 1x universal DVM2. 1x Function generator 1-50 MHz, sine, square, triangle3. 1x stabilized power supply (3-30V adjustable)4. Various connection cables (if necessary, coax cable with BNC plugs)5. 1x Bench Lamp6. 1x Electrostatic workstation7. 1x Calculator, non-progammableThe organizers will also provide a spare set of the above for the experts.6.5Competitors must bring all their own tools, including wire-wrapping equipment.Measurement instruments are optional.Each competitor may send his tools ahead to the host country in a light, sturdy and lockable toolbox. A complete list of the contents must accompany the toolbox for Customs clearance i6.5.1Unauthorised tools are not permitted. In case of doubt, the competitor must applyto the Jury in advance. Their decision will take into consideration technological progress and the aim of the competition.7Test Project Marking7.1The experts will decide together on the test projects, the marking criteria and thedimensional tolerances on forms 5, and 6, and they will prepare the marking list.Any Country who has a project submitted and his/her candidate gains a largerscore and all the other competitors have a low score, the average of all the lowscores will be awarded to the country competitor who submitted the project.7.2Marks:Perfect = 10 pointsVery good = 9 pointsGood = 8 pointsRather good = 7pointsSufficient = 6 pointsMedium = 5 pointsWeak = 4 pointsInsufficient = 3 pointsVery bad = 2 pointsZero = 1 point7.3RatingSection Item Maximum PointsA Theory10B Drawing10C Prototype22D Fault Finding22E Measurement22F Assembly Project15GH7.4Conversion to the 400 - 600 scale will be done by computer.8Competition Procedure8.1The competition will be worked on over all four days of the competition. Moduleswill be completed on each day for all competitors so that progressive markingcan take place, and for results to be made available each day.8.2Competitors will have time made available to familiarise themselves with materialand processes. Where processes are particularly difficult, the host country willprovide a subject matter expert to demonstrate the process and the competitorswill be given the opportunity to practice.8.3The competitors will be given all competition documents including the markingcriteria one hour prior to the commencement of the competition so that they maystudy the requirements8.4Prior to the start of the competition, each competitor will receive a detailedtimetable reflecting the timing for completion of modules.8.5Project Design, Selection and Documentation will be carried out as specified inAppendix 1PCB information is provided in Appendix 68.6Ballot Selection of Competitors Work Areas, Competition Notes and Timetable8.6.1For a total random selection procedure, the country codes should be placed inone bin and workbench numbers in another. Alphabetically the countrycompetitors will select one piece of paper from each, and this is then the startbench for that country.8.7The rules and procedures, and timetable specified in Appendix 2, 3 and 4 mustbe complied with.9Judging procedural requirements9.1The experts that attend the competition will be divided into marking groups todeal with each section of the marking criteria.9.2Every completed module will be marked on the same day in which it wascompleted.10General safety requirements10.1All competitors must use safety glasses when using any hand, power or machinetools or equipment likely to cause or create chips or fragments that may injurethe eyes10.2All competitors must wear appropriate clothing.10.3All machinery, equipment and safety clothing must comply with the safety rulesof the organising country.10.4Competitors must keep their workspace clear of obstacles and the floor spaceclean of material and equipment - any items likely to cause the competitor to trip,slip or fall.10.5Failure by the competitor to comply with safety directions or instructions mayincur penalties for safety.10.8Judges will wear the appropriate personal safety equipment when inspecting,checking or otherwise working with a competitor’s project.10.9Safety Checklist must be adhered to and is provided in Appendix 511Additional Documentation11.1The following additional documentation relates to this trade.•Nil at present11.2The following additional documentation relating to this trade has yet to be definedat the next WorldSkills Competition to be held in St Gallen in 2003.•Document TM16 – Trade Management Procedures•Document WS16 – Workshop Setup•Document PD16 – Project Design CriteriaTrade 16 Electronics - Competition ManagementThe following Countries will provide the following at the 2003 competition.Country AssemblyProject MeasuringandTestingFaultFindingandRepairDesign/PrototypeTheory1 Digital1AnalogDrawingBrazil X XCanada X X X Finland X X X Germany X X XJapan X X X Korea X X X Macao XLit X X XMorocco X X Portugal X X X X Singapore X X X Switzerland X XTaiwan x X X Tunisia x x XUnitedKingdomx x x x Project Selection GuidelinesAll competition presentations will be made in English and before any project is presented for selection they must be checked that they conform to the current rules of the world skills, and the current Technical Description. If the rules are not followed the project will not be considered for selection. All documentation must adhere to the world skills rules otherwise it will not be selected. The experts will form into a project group with other countries under the same heading. They will then select either one or a number of projects for the competition, as for the timetable as 3:7. Experts will then present their selection to the rest of the experts. Following everyone’s approval the experts will then agree a marking scheme for the project/ projects. When the competition begins, these experts manage and mark that aspect of the competition under guidance from the Chief Expert.Project DocumentationProject documentation must be brought to the competition on 3.5” floppy disc format,/CD in Microsoft Word. Where experts have used a drawing software. Experts should bring along the version of the drawing program software that they used. Paper copies should also be presented and where possible in three official languages. Where possible circuit diagrams will be used for all modules and project wording should be as brief as possible. All projects must include the following:-1. Short project brief2. Parts list3. Circuit diagram4. Data sheet pack5. Projects will only be accepted with softwareFirst Time CountriesAny Countries attending the competition for the first time should contact the Chief Expert via world skills who will then forward previous competition documentation and agree a project in advance for consideration.Competition Rules for Competitors while working on their Projects1. You must not talk to your own country expert or visitor without the presence of one other expert2. If you have a question raise your hand.3. You must not leave your workstation without permission, except to obtain wire etc from centrebench.4. If you feel ill or require anything, raise your hand.5. You may not leave the stand without an escort except at scheduled times for lunch and visitsto other stands.6. You must not touch any project other than your own.7. You may not touch any other competitors equipment.8. If you finish and leave your stand early, you must leave the stand.9. No use of mobile phones is permitted.10. No talking to any people outside the stand area while you are working on a project.Competition Timetable - Trade 16 Industrial ElectronicsDay 1Step Activity Start time Finish time 1Introduction by Chief judge9.009.159.1509.452Demonstration of assembly rack andpower supplies3Start assembly10.0013.00 4Lunch13.0014.00 5Continue with assembly of project14.0017.00 Total competition time 6.00 Day 2Step Activity Start time Finish time 1Drawing Introduction9.009.30 2Drawing/C programming9.3011.30 3Tour around venue and lunch11.3012.00 4Theory Introduction12.4513.00 5Theory13.0015.00 6Break15.0015.15 7Demonstration of Fault Finding one project15.1515.30 8Fault finding one15.3017.30 Total competition time 6.00 Day 3Step Activity Start time Finish time 1Introduction to Design Project9.0009.30 2Design & prototype09.3012.30 3Lunch12.3014.00 4Demonstration of fault finding project14.0014.15number 25Fault finding14.1516.15 6Tour around venue16.1517.00 Total competition time 5.00 Day 4Step Activity Start time Finish time9.009.151Demonstration of Measurement andTesting project2Measurement project9.1512.15 3Lunch12.1513.30 4Demonstration of C programming project13.3014.005 C programming project14.0016.00 Total competition time 5.00 Overall competition time22.00FAIRNESSAs part of World Skills each competition is required to have a fairness of competition rules for the experts, which are listed below for your comments.Before the competition startsAll experts are to be trustedExperts to believe in each other and their valuesEffective management of timeCommunicate both accurate and completeKeep communication with team members user-friendlyBe a good listenerAs a team we value the contributions of its membersReach early agreement and our goals and have contingency plansCreate a vision of success for other competitions to followWe will not make preformed judgementsRecognise issues early and open dialogue then explore for common groundIf you have a visitor to the stand he/she must not speak to the competitorsBe united in our decisionsAlways show a united front when dealing with the competitorsWhen the competitors arriveYou must not talk to your own country competitor or visitor without the presence of one otherexpertYou must not leave the stand when your competitor is away from the stand unless in the presenceof another expertNo use of mobile phones is permitted.Health and Safety Check ListList each item A to C'A' = Satisfactory'B' = Unsatisfactory but rectified immediately'C' = Unsatisfactory - remedial action required1.Are all exits from the area free of obstruction?2.Are all gangways within the area free from obstruction?3.Are all fire fighting appliances at their designated, location, and access to them notobstructed?4.Do Experts / Competitors in the area know:a) Means of escape in emergency.b) The location of fire equipment and alarm points.c) What action to take if the evacuation alarm sounds.d) The action to take if a person is seriously ill / injured.5.Is the floor surface safe?6.Are items of furniture in a sound condition e.g. lockers, tables, chairs, benches etc.7.Are cables and extension leads on electrical equipment, at the plug?8.Are electrical wall sockets secure and in good condition.9.Are the following satisfactory:a) Lightingb) Ventilationc) Temperatured) Noise levele) Extraction10.Are "fittings" in a safe state, e.g. lights, service supplies etc.11.Are all items of handling equipment in a safe condition, e.g. trolleys etc. and up to date.(In the area)?15Are all filing cabinet drawers functioning correctly, and are drawers prevented from coming out by limit stops.16Are metal cabinets free from sharp edges.17Are the tops of units free from unsuitable objects.18Is there suitable storage provided (and used) for cabinet drawer locking bars, when not in use.19If applicable, are paper guillotines properly guarded.20Does the area demonstrate a satisfactory level of decent house-keeping? e.g. steps, ladders etc. (are they in good condition)?22Are heavy items stored on low level racks.24Are all personnel trained to use appropriate equipment in this area (see supervision)25Are there necessary restrictions being enforced e.g. entry of unauthorised persons.26Are flammable liquids and chemicals stored in appropriate environment correctly, e.g.gloves, goggles etc?28Are the edges of areas marked with a hazard stripe.29Are all equipment that require guarding, fitted with secure are serviceable guards?30Is eye protection being worn in appropriate areas.32Are there other items of safety equipment avqilable for use.33Are tools in good condition.34Are all raw materials or equipment safely positioned.35Is there a list of authorised persons who may use machines or equipment?36Are waste materials correctly disposed of?37If chemicals or substances are used, are they in suitable containers that are correctly marked?38Is safety information for chemicals or substances used available and known to the user?39Are the emergency stop buttons on equipment assessable and clearly marked?41Are competitors supervised.42Are free standing gas bottles secured.43Are all tools in use in good condition.44Are free standing gas bottles secure.45If applicable, have all system components been subjected to test, is a certificate available?46If applicable, is equipment within validation.47If applicable, is pipe work adequately secured.48Are there written procedures for :-a) Setting up for test.b) Test procedure.c) Making safe after test.50Are the necessary restrictions being enforced e.g. entry of unauthorised personnel. 51Do all personnel know the main isolation controls of the services being used?52Are cables and flexible hoses correctly routed to prevent accidents or damage?53If flammable liquids or chemicals are being use, are they :-a) Of minimal quantity.b) In approved containers.c) Correctly labelled.54Have reasonable safety precautions been taken against any foreseeable occurrence whilst carrying out the test.55If applicable, is the equipment correctly bonded / earthed.56If competitors or others are working in the area, are they under full supervision. Chief Expert (Signature)....................................................APPENDIX 6Specifications for PCB cardsMechanical spec.’sThe Europe format for PCB card is specified as follow (PCB only):All Dimensions are in millimeters. Tc = 160 mmThe Europe format for PCB card with a front plateIs specified as follow (with front plate and DIN41612 connector):All Dimensions are in millimeters. Tc = 160 mmFront Plate dimensions (if needed): 40,64 mm x 128,7 mm x 2,5 mmPCB connectorEach card must be designed with a DIN41612 male 64 pins a + c (C form)connector for PCB. The reference from HARTING is: 0903.164.6921.Mechanical dimensions of the connector。
acm竞赛试题及答案
acm竞赛试题及答案ACM竞赛试题及答案1. 问题描述:给定一个整数数组,找出数组中没有出现的最小的正整数。
2. 输入格式:第一行包含一个整数n,表示数组的长度。
第二行包含n个整数,表示数组的元素。
3. 输出格式:输出一个整数,表示数组中没有出现的最小的正整数。
4. 样例输入:53 4 1 2 55. 样例输出:66. 问题分析:首先,我们需要理解题目要求我们找出数组中缺失的最小正整数。
这意味着我们需要检查数组中的每个元素,并确定最小的正整数是否在数组中。
7. 算法描述:- 遍历数组,使用一个哈希集合记录出现的数字。
- 从1开始,检查每个正整数是否在哈希集合中,直到找到不在集合中的最小正整数。
8. 代码实现:```pythondef find_missing_positive(nums):seen = set()for num in nums:if num <= 0:continuewhile num in seen or num > len(nums):num += 1seen.add(num)return min(set(range(1, len(nums) + 1)) - seen)```9. 测试用例:- 输入:[3, 4, -1, 1]- 输出:210. 答案解析:在给定的测试用例中,数组[3, 4, -1, 1]中没有出现的最小正整数是2。
这是因为-1不是正整数,所以可以忽略。
数组中已经出现了1和3,所以下一个最小的正整数就是2。
11. 注意事项:- 确保数组中的元素是整数。
- 考虑数组中可能包含0或负数的情况。
- 算法的时间复杂度应尽可能低。
12. 扩展思考:- 如果数组非常大,如何优化算法?- 如果数组中的元素可以是浮点数,算法应该如何修改?13. 参考答案:- 针对大数组,可以考虑使用更高效的数据结构,如平衡二叉搜索树。
- 如果元素是浮点数,需要先将其转换为整数,然后再进行处理。
acm大赛试题及答案
acm大赛试题及答案ACM大赛试题及答案1. 题目一:字符串反转问题描述:编写一个程序,输入一个字符串,输出其反转后的字符串。
输入格式:输入包含一个字符串,字符串长度不超过100。
输出格式:输出反转后的字符串。
示例:输入:hello输出:olleh答案:```pythondef reverse_string(s):return s[::-1]input_string = input().strip()print(reverse_string(input_string))```2. 题目二:计算阶乘问题描述:编写一个程序,输入一个非负整数n,输出n的阶乘。
输入格式:输入包含一个非负整数n,n不超过20。
输出格式:输出n的阶乘。
示例:输入:5输出:120答案:```pythondef factorial(n):if n == 0:return 1else:return n * factorial(n - 1)n = int(input())print(factorial(n))```3. 题目三:寻找最大数问题描述:给定一个包含n个整数的数组,找出数组中的最大数。
输入格式:输入包含一个整数n,表示数组的大小,随后是n个整数。
输出格式:输出数组中的最大数。
示例:输入:5 1 2 3 4 5输出:5答案:```pythonn = int(input())numbers = list(map(int, input().split()))max_number = max(numbers)print(max_number)```4. 题目四:判断闰年问题描述:编写一个程序,输入一个年份,判断该年份是否为闰年。
输入格式:输入包含一个整数,表示年份。
输出格式:如果输入的年份是闰年,则输出"Yes",否则输出"No"。
示例:输入:2000输出:Yes答案:```pythonyear = int(input())if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):print("Yes")else:print("No")```5. 题目五:斐波那契数列问题描述:编写一个程序,输入一个非负整数n,输出斐波那契数列的第n项。
2003年全国小学生英语竞赛高年级组样题参考答案
2003年全国小学生英语竞赛(NECPS)高年级组样题参考答案听力部分原文及答案I A)1.TV(A)2.shirt(D)3.pencil-case(C)4.truck(C)5.chips(B)B)6.G:May I know your family name,please?B:Green.(B)7.G:Which one do you like,an apple or a banana?B:An apple,please.(C)8.G:Howmany people are there in your family,Rose?B:There are four.(C)9.G:Is Anna your best friend?B:No,it's Helen.(A)10.G:Let's go out for a picnic!B:Great!(A)II.A)1.Tonny is playing volleyball on the playground.(F)2.Look!Aboy is getting Coke.(T)3.There are a thick maths book and a thin English book on the desk.(F)4.Dad is reading in the living room.(F)5.Shelly often does her homework at seven in the evening.(T)B)6.Miss White:Do you know what day is today?Bob:I think it's Monday.()7.Mum:Look!What a dirty room!Son:I know,Mum.()8.Tom:May I use your computer,Mary?Mary:Sure.Here you are.()9.Granddaughter:Grandpa,do you know when is Women's Day?Grandpa:Yeah,it's 8th,March.()10.Shop Assisstant:What can I do for you?Tony:I want an eraser.()III.Joe often gets up at seven o'clock.After washes,he goesto the park at half past seven.At about half past eight,he goes home to have breakfast.For breakfast,he has bread,eggs and milk.He often does his homework after breakfastat about nine o'clock.After a quick lunch at twelve,he goes to play football with his good friends.He often comes back home at five o'clock after playing football.He often has a big dinner for supper.And his favourite cartoon film begins at 6:45,he goes to bed at9:00o'clock,but before that,he needs a bath.(G,A,D,B,F,I,J,C,H,E)IV.Sandy:Hi,Ellen!How many people are there in your family?Ellen:There are five.They are Grandpa,uncle,father, mother and I.Sandy:What are they?Ellen:My Grandpa is retired,and he stays at home everyday.My uncle is a postman,my father is a man- ager,my mother is a doctor.Sandy:You've got a nice family.How do you often go to school?Ellen:I often go to school by bus.Sandy:How about others?Ellen:Oh,my father usually goes to work by car,my uncle often goes to work by bicycle.My mother often goes to work by underground.Sandy:How about your grandpa?Ellen:Oh,he usually goes to park on foot.He likes walking.(1→C→b,2→B→a,3→E→c,4→D→e,5→A→d)V.This is Bob's room.There is a pair of shoes under the bed.Apair of sun glasses is on the table.There is a family picture on the wall,and there's a hat on the desk.Look! There is a vase on the bookshelf.It is nice!笔试部分I.A)1.flower 2.cow 3.hamburger 4.bedroom 5.basketballB)6.stars 7.grass 8.rainbow 9.snow 10.sunII.A)1.What 2.Where 3.How much 4.When 5.HowB)6.buys 7.drawing 8.Open 9.Aren't 10.meIII.A)1.Can I help you?(What can I do for you?)2.Let's go skating on Sunday,OK?3.A4.A5.DB)6.C7.B8.E9.D10.AIV.A)1.T2.F3.F4.F5.TB)6.Yes,they are.7.They are over 100cm.8.They often eat plants.9.It can drink 140liters of water a day.10.Yes,they can.V.1.C2.Seven.3.我非常同意你的建议。
NOIP2003解题报告
Impossible;如果有多个嫌疑犯就输出 Cannot Determine。
题三 【问题描述】 加分二叉树
第 5/10页
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北京清北学堂教育科技中心
设一个 n 个节点的二叉树 tree 的中序遍历为 (l,2,3,…,n) , 其中数字 1,2,3,…,n 为节点编号。每个节点都有一个分数(均为正整数) ,记第 j 个节点的分数为 di, tree 及它的每个子树都有一个加分,任一棵子树 subtree(也包含 tree 本身)的加 分计算方法如下: subtree 的左子树的加分× subtree 的右子树的加分+subtree 的根的分数 若某个子树为空,规定其加分为 1,叶子的加分就是叶节点本身的分数。不 考虑它的空 子树。 试求一棵符合中序遍历为 (1,2,3,…,n) 且加分最高的二叉树 tree。 要求输出; (1)tree 的最高加分 (2)tree 的前序遍历 【输入格式】 第 1 行:一个整数 n(n<30) ,为节点个数。 第 2 行:n 个用空格隔开的整数,为每个节点的分数(分数<100) 。 【输出格式】 第 1 行:一个整数,为最高加分(结果不会超过 4,000,000,000) 。 第 2 行:n 个用空格隔开的整数,为该树的前序遍历。 【输入样例】 5 5 7 1 2 10 【输出样例】 145 31245 第三题解答: 这是一道动态规划题目。 设 F[i,j]是中序遍列为 i,i+1…j 的这棵做的最高得分。 按照题意,
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2003年ACM-ICPC南太平洋赛区试题解析-1ACM国际大学生程序设计竞赛由国际计算机学界著名的ACM学会(Association for Computer Machinery)主办,是世界上规模最大、水平最高的国际大学生程序竞赛。
本文作为CSTC团队之ACM培训的启动工程训练内容,请从此题入手,开始你们痛并快乐着的ACM之旅。
此题虽为ACM比赛用题,却非常简单,没有什么特别之处,不牵扯数据结构,实为初学者建立自信心的灵丹妙药。
英文原文P1 - ACM SPPC 1 of 2 Saturday, 20/09/2003PROBLEM 1 - WACMIAN NUMBERSIn the supposedly uninhabited Wacmahara Desert, a tribe of unusual people hasbeen discovered. The Wacmians have only 2 fingers and a thumb on each hand,and have invented their own numbering system. The digits they use and thesymbols they use for digits are quite unusual, but anthropologists have been ableto represent them as follows:% represents 0) represents 1~ represents 2@ represents 3? represents 4\ represents 5$ represents -1 (yes, they even have a negative digit)As you may expect, their system is base 6 where each place value is 6 times thevalue to its right, as in the following examples:)@% is 1*62+3*6+0 = 36+18+0 = 54?$~~ is 4*63+(–1)*62+2*6+2 = 864–36+12+2 = 842$~~ is (–1)*62+2*6+2 = –36+12+2 = -22Your task is to take Wacmian numbers and represent them as standard base 10 numbers.P1 - ACM SPPC 2 of 2 Saturday, 20/09/2003INPUT FORMATInput consists of Wacmian numbers, one per line. Each number consists of asequence of 1 to 10 Wacmian digits. A single ‘#’ on a line by itself indicates theend of input.SAMPLE INPUT:)@%?$~~$~~%#OUTPUT FORMATOutput will be the corresponding decimal numbers, one per line.SAMPLE OUTPUT:54842-22这里我们提供出来本题的中文对照:Wacmian 数字在假设的Wacmahara无人沙漠里,一个非普通人组成的部落被发现了。
Wacmians的每个手上仅有两个手指和一个拇指,并且他们发明了自己的数字系统。
他们使用的数字和用来表示数字的符号都很奇特,但是人类学家已经能够以用下面的方法描述它们:% -- 0) -- 1~ -- 2@ -- 3? -- 4\ -- 5$ -- -1 (没错,他们甚至有负数)如你所愿,他们的系统是以6为基础的,每位上的数值达到6就像该位的左边进位,如同随后的例子:)@% 表示1*6^2+3*6+0 = 36+18+0 = 54?$~~ 表示4*6^3+(-1)*6^2+2*6+2 = 864-36+12+2 = 842$~~ 表示(-1)*6^2+2*6+2 = -36+12+2 = -22你的任务是把Wacmian数字解释成标准的10进制数字。
输入格式输入包括Wacmian数字,每行一个。
每个数字由1至10个有顺序的Wacmian数字组成。
一个单独的#占用一行,它标志输入结束。
输入举例:)@%?$~~$~~%#输出格式输出相应的是进制数字,每行一个。
输出举例:54842-22本题的解答如下:#include <stdio.h>#include <io.h>int GetData(int*digit,FILE *fp){char temp;int i=0;//使用temp记录从input.in文件中逐个读出的字符temp = fgetc(fp);//如果为回车符,表示该数的读取已经结束了while(temp !='\n'){switch(temp){case'%': digit[i] = 0;break;case')': digit[i] = 1;break;case'~': digit[i] = 2;break;case'@': digit[i] = 3;break;case'?': digit[i] = 4;break;case'/': digit[i] = 5;break;case'$': digit[i] = -1;break;case'#': return-1; // 让函数返回-1 表示input.in文件结束}//digit[10]用来统计数中的位数digit[10] = i+1;i++; //数组下标增加1//读入下一个字符temp = fgetc(fp);}return0;}void main(){//题目中给每个数最多只有10位//所以数组定义11位//前10位保存每位的数字//最后一位统计位数int digit[11];long number = 0; //考虑到极值状况,采用long类型long temp = 1;int i,j;FILE *fpInput,*fpOutput;fpInput = fopen("input.in","r");fpOutput = fopen("output.out","w");digit[10] = 0;while(GetData(digit,fpInput) != -1){for(i=0; i<digit[10]; i++){for(j=0; j<digit[10]-i-1; j++) temp *= 6;number += (digit[i]*temp);temp = 1;//将每一位转换成10进制后都需要为temp初始化//以便下一位的转换时使用}fprintf(fpOutput,"%ld\n",number);number = 0; //每个数字转换完成后number同样需要重新初始化}fclose(fpInput);fclose(fpOutput);}posted on 2004-06-12 19:57 monkeyking阅读(790) 评论(1)编辑收藏引用网摘所属分类: 原创FeedBack:# 2003年ACM-ICPC南太平洋赛区试题解析-12004-09-13 16:43 | lili #include <stdio.h>#include <io.h>int GetData(int *digit,FILE *fp){char temp;int i=0;//使用temp记录从input.in文件中逐个读出的字符temp = fgetc(fp);//如果为回车符,表示该数的读取已经结束了while(temp !='\n'){switch (temp){case '%': digit[i] = 0;break;case ')': digit[i] = 1;break;case '~': digit[i] = 2;break;case '@': digit[i] = 3;break;case '?': digit[i] = 4;break;case '/': digit[i] = 5;break;case '$': digit[i] = -1;break;case '#': return -1; // 让函数返回 -1 表示input.in文件结束}//digit[10]用来统计数中的位数digit[10] = i+1;i++; //数组下标增加 1//读入下一个字符temp = fgetc(fp);}return 0;}void main(){//题目中给每个数最多只有10位//所以数组定义11位//前10位保存每位的数字//最后一位统计位数int digit[11];long number = 0; //考虑到极值状况,采用long类型long temp = 1;int i,j;FILE *fpInput,*fpOutput;fpInput = fopen( "input.in","r");fpOutput = fopen("output.out","w");digit[10] = 0;while(GetData(digit,fpInput) != -1){for(i=0; i<digit[10]; i++){for(j=0; j<digit[10]-i-1; j++) temp *= 6;number += (digit[i]*temp);temp = 1;//将每一位转换成10进制后都需要为temp初始化//以便下一位的转换时使用}fprintf(fpOutput,"%ld\n",number);number = 0; //每个数字转换完成后number同样需要重新初始化}fclose(fpInput);fclose(fpOutput);}。