托福写作功能性词汇
托福综合写作词汇总结
托福综合写作词汇总结一、表示观点类。
1. Opinion（[əˈpɪnjən]，名词）- 例句：His opinion on this issue is very different from mine.2. View（[vjuː]，名词）- 例句：The author's view in the passage is quite convincing.3. Standpoint（[ˈstændpɔɪnt]，名词）- 例句：We should consider this problem from different standpoints.4. Perspective（[pəˈspektɪv]，名词）- 例句：From a historical perspective, this event has great significance.二、表示支持类。
1. Support（[səˈpɔːt]，动词/名词）- 例句：The evidence in the lecture supports the idea in the reading.（动词）- 例句：We need more support for this project.（名词）2. Back up（[bæk ʌp]，动词短语）- 例句：The data from the research backs up the author's claim.3. Endorse（[ɪnˈdɔːs]，动词）- 例句：Many experts endorse this new theory.三、表示反对类。
1. Oppose（[əˈpəʊz]，动词）- 例句：Some people oppose the construction of the new factory.2. Object to（[ˈɒbdʒɪkt tuː]，动词短语）- 例句：He objects to the new policy.3. Contradict（[ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt]，动词）- 例句：The lecturer's statement contradicts what is written in the reading.四、表示比较类。
托福写作常用词汇
托福写作常用词汇托福写作常用词汇下面是店铺整理的托福写作常用词汇，欢迎大家阅读!能，会，可以：can，(would) be able to，have the chance/opportunity to do..， get to do应该：should， be supposed to， shall， have to， must，be required to， it is necessary for sb to因素：cause， factor， reason合适：fit， suit， be suitable/fit/right需要：require， need， it is necessary for..to..，demand不变：fixed， constant， stable， unchanged (unchanging)担心：worry about， be concerned about， care about解决：solve/resolve，address，deal with，work out，tackle解释：tell， explain， spell out， say how上升，增加：(vi.)increase，go up，rise，(vt.) increase，raise (n.) growth， rise， increase.下降，减少/小：(vt.) decrease， reduce， lower (vi.) decrease，fall，drop，go/come down，decline. (n.) fall，decrease，decline， drop变：change， alter， become (different/big/small/..)， get，grow知道，了解，意识到：know， be aware/concious of， realize，get information about证实，表明：show， suggest， indicate， make it clear that很大程度上，基本上：greatly， considerably， enormously，significantly， basically提高，变好：improve， make better， enhance采取(措施)：adopt， take提出(政策)：propose， offer废除：eliminate， get rid of， do way with， dispense with 提供：provide， offer， give任务：assignment， job， work， task有用，帮助：beneficial，helpful，useful，be a great help to， do good to， bring benefit to， be good for方法：way， approach， strategy， method观点：idea， belief， view， opinion影响：affect(vt.)，influence(vt.)，have influence/effect/impact on(被)允许：allow， permit， can， may， be free to do恢复，复原：restore， recover， bring back4阻止：prevent， stop， keep (sth/sb from doing sth)花费：spend， take， cost， put in， make effort参加：join， take part in， participate in， engage in， get involved in， attend， be a part of调整，调节：adjust， regulate， control产生，创造：create，produce，make，generate，bring about， form表现，显现出：show， display， demonstrate， represent确保：ensure， guarantee， assure (of)， promise最后：in the end， eventually， at last， finally行为方式，做法：act， practice建议：suggest， say should， advise， recommend决定：decide， choose，make up one’s mind查明：find out， discover， figure out导致，引起：cause，result in，lead to，bring about，contribute to限制：limit， restrict， confine， put a limit on正在做，努力：work on延期相关：more time，extra time，extension，later deadline; put off， postpone， put back to， delay。
TOEFL iBT一般功能性词汇
1. 一般功能词汇表示逻辑关系导致，产生give rise to, lead to, result in, be responsible for产生于result from, originate in(from)归因于attribute … to, blame..on事物数量几个a number of, a couple of很多个可数a large (significant) number of, numerous很多，大量不可数a significant deal (amount) of很多可数&不可数plenty of充足sufficient, adequate, ample事物的重要性重要essential, vital, key, integral, indispensable不重要minor, secondary普遍的widespread事物的大小和程度较大considerable, significant巨大tremendous, enormous过度excessive, excessively极度extreme, extremely合理适度reasonable, reasonably, moderate, moderately 相似性相同的similar不同的different, distinct变化增加不及物increase, grow, rise使…增加及物increase, boost变少及物decrease, dwindle使…减少不及物decrease, reduce, cut, trim, slash越来越increasingly, progressively时间开始from the onset及时up-to-date过时out-of-date, obsolete短期的temporary, short term长期的lasting, long term代替supplant意愿强制mandatory选择optional可能性可能possible, likely, probably, chances are that不可能impossible, unlikely, improbably可行的practical, viable不可行的impractical利弊分析好事/坏事blessing, curse有益bring benefits to, benefit from有害cause damage/harm to改善，提高及物improve, enhance削弱及物weaken, undermine提供provide, offer, afford获得gain, acquire学会pick up帮助be helpful to, go a long way towards培养develop, foster促成contribute to使……；令……enable, allow, make it possbile 安全和危险保护protect, safeguard危害endanger, put..in danger, be at risk动作做参与take part in, participate in全力做throw one’s heart and soul in不做fail to, abstain from证明和举例证明back up,举例…is a case in point. Take... for example.比较练习1.Acid rains _______ human activities, which cause severe damages to the environment.2.What’s secret of being successful? Does it ________ taking part in various things or concentrating on one area?3.Acid rains _______ human activities, which cause severe damages to the environment.4.What’s secret of being successful? Does it ________ taking part in various things or concentrating on one area?5.What’s the secret of being successful? Some draw their success from careful planning. Others _____ their success __taking risk.6.Many parents ____ their children’s aggressive behavior ____ the increasingly violent content of television programs7.Children today are increasingly violent than they were in the past. Many parents believe that the increasingly violentcontent of television programs is ______8._______reasons can be provided.9.Every year______________ outstanding Chinese students are taking courses at the New Oriental School.10.For ____________ illustrious scientists, the most important aspect of their work is not to increase personal wealth,but to advance science. Take Marie Curie, two-time Nobel laureate, for example.11.Powerful search engines provide ____________________information, rendering libraries and encyclopediasobsolete.12.One of the major advantages of working in a big company is that you get to meet people of _______ backgrounds.13.New York is a very culturally/ethnically ______ city.14.There is _____________ evidence that wearing uniform clothes can effectively reduce the rates of traffic accidents.15.___________ school facilities, like libraries, labs and gyms, are essential to the well-rounded development ofstudents.16.Parents teach children _________ facts about science and life.17.Giving teachers sufficient training and further education is of ________ importance to improving the country’squality of education.18.With oil prices skyrocketing to over 100 dollars and global warming intensifying, governments come to therealization that to develop renewable energy is their ____________________19.Admittedly, some commercial advertisements can provide a certain amount of information which consumers mightfind useful. But compared with the hypes and deceptions of advertisements, these benefits are ___________.20.It has been argued that compared with higher education early education is a low __________ of the government.21. A group of travelers can get __________________ discounts at airlines, hotels, and tourist attractions whiletraveling alone means you have to pay full prices.22. A recent survey can back up this point. It suggests that high school students who are in the school choir or dopainting in their spare time achieved _______________ higher scores in their SAT tests.23.For instance, the famous Three Gorges Dam can generate ___________ power for china and reduce the use of fossilfuels.24.George Soros, the Hungarian-born U.S. billionaire, said on Tuesday that the upcoming G20 summit has“_____________ influence" on the world economy deeply affected by the financial crisis.25.Surfing the Internet __________ decreases interpersonal communication, resulting in loneliness, self-inflictedisolation, and other mental illnesses.26.Thirdly, making school uniforms mandatory improves the physical health of teenagers, precluding students from27.Practicing _____________sports improves the physical health of teenagers.28.Practicing sports ________________ improves the physical health of teenagers.29.However, as the gas prices _________ in the past decade, renewable energy has been playing an increasinglyimportant role.30.With traveling agencies _________ these days, the question a rises, “Is traveling in the company of kindred souls thebest way of traveling?”31.This payment will ______their pension funds by an average of 20 per cent.32.Those commercials (featuring Michael Jordan), along with the company’s “Just Do It” marketing campaign andcampaigns featuring football and baseball star Bo Jackson and motion-picture director Spike Lee, _____ Nike’s profits in the United States, particularly for its sports apparel.33.The world’s natural resources are ______ very rapidly.34.The country’s foreign currency reserves have __________ over the past few years.35.Television has never really “destroyed” interpersonal communication even though it has ________ the quality timespent with family members and friends to a degree.36.CFCs released by air-conditioners and refrigerators are rapidly _______ the Earth’s ozone layer.37.The major aviation companies need to ______ prices if they are to compete with budget airlines.38.People will spend less time on cooking because the pace of life is becoming ______ frantic.39.With children spending an inordinate amount of time on surfing the Internet, parents and educators have expressedserious concern, “Is television a __________ for children?”40.People enter colleges and universities because a higher education can_ ______________ to them.41.If it is educational and serious program that we are talking about, then children can definitely _______ fromwatching them.42.I believe television viewing ___________to children physically, academically and socially.43.Sponsoring athletics brings huge financial benefits to the country, _________ economy and creating jobopportunities44.In order to ____________ working and academic performances, some people argue that employees and studentsshould wear uniform clothes when they are at work or in school.45.Playing mahjong excessively can _____________ people’s health.46.Secondly, computer games _______ useful information about science and history.47.Working experiences help students ______ various essential skills, e.g. communication skills, organizing skills andleadership.48.efficiency.49.First, technology ____ people to communicate in a faster, more economical and more time-saving way.50.According to a survey __________ by the China Daily, five out of ten respondents said they spent more than threehours a day on watching television.51.College students should _________________extracurricular activities as much as possible.52.In many cases, parents_ ____________carry out their responsibilities.53.We should ______________ consuming products made of animal parts to save endangered species.54.As a result, teachers, for fear of getting negative evaluations, may _____________carry out their responsibility asdisciplinarians.55.The plan of allowing high school students to choose any subjects they are interested in has given rise toconsiderable _____________56.In order to improve educational standards, some educators ______________ the implementation of astudent-evaluation system of teachers.57.Admittedly, some parents and educators may ______________ teenager students having jobs, citing reasons fromdrops in academic performances to negative physical effects.58.Music and art enhance children’s concentration. A recent survey can__________this point.59.Movies about real life are worth watching because they make people reflect on their lives. Shawshank Redemptionis a __________ in point.pared with complaining in person, complaining in a letter is a _______ choice.61.Generally speaking, traveling abroad _____________-traveling domestically.。
托福写作必备词汇档
托福写作必备词汇档toefl托福写作必备词汇（2009年暑）1. 持某观点: claim ( assert, contend, reckon, deem, share the belief that )2. 支持某观点/反对某观点: advocate (maintain, welcome, vote for, side with, be in favor of )disagree(oppose, object to sth./doing sth., criticize, be against, cast doubt on,question, challenge, contradict*, refute*) 综合写作常用3. 关于：about, regarding, concerning, involving, as regards, relating to, with respect to, with regard to, with referrence to, with relation to, pertaining to4. 合理的：justified in doing sth. (rational, reasonable, sensible, feasible, convincing)5. 好处/弊端：advantage (benefit, merit, the positive(bright) side, upside, boon, strength )disadvantage(harm, demerit, negative(dark) side, downside, bane, weakness defect, flaw, drawback )6. 非常：very, much, quite, fairly, pretty, considerably, extraordinarily,remarkably, amazingly, astonishingly, suprisingly, extremely, unusually, notably, noticeable, impressively, shockingly, overwhelmingly, strikingly, awfully, exceedingly, dramatically, strongly.7. 肯定/不确定：undoubtedly (indeed, undeniably, there is no denying/doubt that)be likely to ( potentially, presumably)8. 聪明的：clever, brilliant, smart, intelligent, wise, quick/sharp minded, bright, talented, gifted, quick-witted, advisable(不指人), ingenious.9. 重要的：essential (significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable, pivotal) TO10. 有益/有害的：beneficial （conducive, instrumental,rewarding*(指活动)）TOdetrimental（harmful, virulent）TO11. 著名的：famous, well-known, famed, noted, celebrated, renowned, eminent, bear/hold/enjoy a nation-wide/world-widefame/name/recognition/celebrity/eminence /reputation, be widely recognized/ acknowledged.12. 有争议的：controversial (arguable, debatable, disputable, contentious)13. 普遍的：widespread ( prevalent, universal, pervasive, ubiquitous*)14. 显著地：considerably (significantly, remarkably, dramatically ,tremendously, substantially)15. 明显的：evident (apparent, obvious, manifest, self-explainatory)16. 增强：enhance (strengthen, boost)17. 减少：decline (descend, collapse（价格、货币）, relieve, plumet(急剧地))18. 大约：approximately（nearly, around, estimated, roughly）19. 趋势：trend（tendency, inclination）20. 预见：predict （expect, project*被动）The number of students going abroad is projected to fall.21. 带来bring about (result in, lead to)22. 引起create （spark , yield*产出收益, give rise to）23. 建立establish （found, institute(体系、政策)）24. 要求call for （request，demand）25. 去除eliminate（remove, eradicate）toefl26. 探讨explore (examine, probe into)27. 描绘depict (portray, illustrate)28. 后果consequence( aftermath不好的后果，创伤; outcome)29. 足够adequate（enough; sufficient）will do30. 解决tackle ( resolve, address)31. 意识awareness(consciousness)32. 控制regulate (curb, censor*(字典解释叫“审查”，其实就是“删减”的意思。
托福写作必备词汇和短语
托福写作必备词汇和短语1.表示“认为、主张、相信”等意思的词汇believe, argue, assert, maintain, hold, propose, suggest, recommend等。
2.表示“反对、不支持”等意思的词汇oppose, disagree, disapprove, criticize, voice opposition to等。
3.表示“介绍、描述”等意思的词汇describe, explain, delve into, illustrate, shed light on等。
4.表示“评论、评价”等意思的词汇assess, evaluate, rate, critique, appraise等。
5.表示“提出建议、要求”等意思的词汇suggestion, proposal, recommendation, advice, demand等。
6.表示“重要、必要性”等意思的词汇essential, crucial, significant, important, crucial等。
7.表示“问题、问题所在”等意思的词汇1issue, problem, question, difficulty, challenge等。
8.表示“优点、好处”等意思的词汇benefit, advantage, positive aspect, upside等。
9.表示“缺点、不利之处”等意思的词汇drawback, disadvantage, downside等。
10.表示“举例”等意思的词汇for example, for instance, such as等。
11.表示“总结”等意思的词汇summary, conclusion, bottom line等。
12.表示“改变、变化”等意思的词汇change, transformation, shift等。
当然，除了上述所列举的词汇和短语外，还有许多其他的常用词汇和短语，考生可以根据自己的实际情况进行总结和积累。
托福写作常用词汇及词组例句
托福写作常用词汇及词组例句为了帮助大家备考托福写作，积累更多常用词汇，下面小编给大家带来托福写作常用词汇及词组例句，来看看吧！托福写作常用词汇及词组例句If we cooperate with each other, we will definitely overcome obstacles/difficulty2.建设性的，有益的constructive, helpful, valuable, usefulTranslation: 他们很感激我给予他们的建设性的意见。
They appreciate the constructive suggestions that I give.3.支持，赞成approve of, in favor of, uphold, stand by one's side, agree with, give one's assent提倡advocate, recommend反对opposite, object toTranslation:一些人支持此观点，而另外一些人则反对这观点。
Some people approve of this view, while others object to it.4. 充分运用optimize, make best use of, make full use of,使用employ, utilize (vt)Translation:人类使用大自然的各种自然资源。
Human beings utilize various kinds of natural resources.5. 优秀的outstanding, perfect, brilliant, remarkable, distinguished, excellent, splendid, first-rank, first-class Translation:相信自己，自己就是优秀的。
写作中常用功能性词汇
强调
1 chiefly 一个人的成功主要靠自已。 我在国外住了好几年，主要是 意大利。 2 needless to say 不用说，空气像阳光一样，是 Air as well as sunlight is, needless to say, indispensable to A man's success depends chiefly on himself. I lived abroad for years, chiefly in Italy.
+可数 n./不可数 n.
10 plenty of/ a plenty of 喝大量水 这些鸡产了大量的蛋。 Drink plenty of water The chickens produced a plenty of eggs.
Enough 的同义词 11 sufficient（主要表示“数量完全满足需要或期望的”）
9 a great quantity of: +(可量化的不可数 n.) 大量的信息 我们新建的工厂正在生产大 量的精密仪器。 a great quantity of information Our new factory is turning out a great quantity of high precision instruments.
她的声音因过分激动而颤抖。 Her voice shock with excessive emotion. 6 extreme 他的见解相当偏激。 动植物病害传播极快。 His views are rather extreme. Animal and vegetable pests propagate with extreme rapidity.
我们日常生活中不可缺少的。 our daily life. 不用说，学而不思则罔。 3 no doubt 毫无疑问，电视是信息交流的 重要工具。 毋庸置疑，她希望他最终不辜 负她的期望。 4 even worse 更糟的是,这种争论不可能结 束。 更糟的是,他们也许完全没有 启动计划来达到许多目标。 5 most important of all 最重要的是,计算机在世界范 围内建立了广泛的交流。 Most important of all, computers create the wide communication around the world. Even worse, it is impossible to put an end to the debate. Even worse, they may simply have failed to launch initiatives to address a number of goals. There is no doubt that television is important means of communication. No doubt, she is hoping that he will at last live up to her expectation. Needless to say, learning without thinking is useless.
托福综合写作话题词汇
托福综合写作话题词汇1. 观点 (Opinion)2. 讨论 (Discussion)3. 问题 (Issue)4. 研究 (Research)5. 调查 (Survey)6. 实践 (Practice)7. 理论 (Theory)8. 现象 (Phenomenon)9. 方法 (Method)10. 结论 (Conclusion)11. 规则 (Rule)12. 解决方案 (Solution)13. 影响 (Impact)14. 原因 (Reason)15. 优点 (Advantage)16. 缺点 (Disadvantage)17. 主题 (Theme)18. 趋势 (Trend)19. 社会问题 (Social issue)20. 科技发展 (Technological development)21. 经济增长 (Economic growth)22. 文化差异 (Cultural differences)23. 教育问题 (Educational issues)24. 健康问题 (Health issues)25. 环境保护 (Environmental protection)26. 交通拥堵 (Traffic congestion)27. 全球化 (Globalization)28. 广告行业 (Advertising industry)29. 政府政策 (Government policies)30. 社交媒体 (Social media)31. 女性权益 (Women's rights)32. 科学发现 (Scientific discoveries)33. 文化遗产 (Cultural heritage)34. 青少年问题 (Teenage problems)35. 高效能学习 (Efficient learning)36. 污染问题 (Pollution issues)37. 能源危机 (Energy crisis)38. 食品安全 (Food safety)39. 水资源短缺 (Water scarcity)40. 全球变暖 (Global warming)。
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托福写作功能性词汇Writing 1 (W1) To State the Reasons
There are different reasons why
There are several explanations for
There are many positive/negative reasons for
There are some/more/fewer
benefits/disadvantages to
Writing 2 (W2) To Give an Opinion
(Why) I believe
I’d like to explain why Personally
I’d enjoy
I would prefer
I think
In my opinion
As far as I’m concerned
It seems to me
I suggest
Writing 3 (W3) To Set Up a Condition
If
Even if
If I could
Whether (or not)
. . . may/might
. . . can be
Writing 4 (W4) To Further the Argument
First (of all) . . . Second . . . Third
In addition
There are three reasons why
Similarly
Furthermore
Moreover
Further
As an example For instance
What’s more
Not only . . . but also
. . . including
More than
Also
. . . coupled with
Both . . . and
Writing 5 (W5) To Summarize/Conclude In conclusion
Finally
As a result (of)
In summary
Therefore
To sum up
In other words
To summarize
Then
In brief
On the whole
To conclude
As we have seen
As has been said
Writing 6 (W6) To Restate or Repeat an Argument
To put it differently
To repeat
Namely
That is
In other words
Writing 7 (W7) To Show Cause/Reason and Effect/Result Consequently
Because (of)
Due to
Thanks to
If this occurs, then
To this end
Since
For this reason
As a result
Caused by
Writing 8 (W8) To Show Time Relationships Immediately
Then
Later
Afterwards
After Before
While
During
As soon as
As
Sometimes
Last
Frequently
When
Once
Often
Oftentimes
Writing 9 (W9) To Generalize
Overall
For the most part
In general
Generally speaking
By and large
Writing 10 (W10) To Show Contrast/Make an Exception Some may argue that
Although
Even though
Whereas Instead
In contrast
On the one hand
On the other hand
However
In spite of
Despite
Unlike
On the contrary
But
Yet
Rather than
Either
Or
Nor
Neither
Either . . . or
Neither . . . nor
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
Sometimes
Once in a while
Occasionally
Some…other(s)
Other(s)
Often
None
Writing 11 (W11) To Emphasize Above all
Obviously
Clearly
Evidently
Actually
In fact
Certainly
Definitely
Extremely
Indeed
Absolutely
Positively
Surprisingly
Unquestionably
Without a doubt
Objectively
In fact
Writing 12 (W12) To State Policy
The policy is (that)
Writing 13 (W13) To Argue/Make a Suggestion . . . seems to warrant
. . . contend/s . . . argue/s
. . . justify/ies
This observation is supported by
To plead
. . . suggest/s
The suggestion is valid
. . . propose/s
. . . claim/s
. . . state/s
. . . clearly proof enough
If I had the choice
. . . examine/s
. . . assert/s
Writing 14 (W14) To Show Disagreement
. . . object/s (to)
. . . disagree/s with
. . . contradict/s
. . . doesn’t/don’t support
. . . is/are invalid
These arguments, one by one, can be challenged
. . . is absurd/ridiculous/unfounded/illogical
. . . not to be taken seriously
. . . has/have no scientific basis
. . . dispute/s
Writing 15 (W15) To Choose One Option over Another . . . might be the better option
. . . make/s it a better policy
It’s beneficial/better/positive
It’s detrimental/worse/negative
. . . is true/false
The assertion that…
. . . seem/s to offer strong arguments for/against
. . . is/are better/worse than
Writing 16 (W16) To Show Similarity
Just as
As . . . as
In the same way
Similarly
Likewise
As in/as with/as was/etc.
Writing 17 (W17) To Show Purpose
In order to
For
So that
So as to
Writing 18 (W18) To Show Evidence/Give an Example As evidence of
The legitimacy of
Such as
For example
A few of these are
In the case of
In addition
For one thing . . . for another
Writing 19 (W19) To State the Problem
The problem is (how)
The question is
What is being asked/challenged
Writing 20 (W20) To State the Options
One option is
The other option is。