English News Title and Its Translation 英语新闻标题及其翻译 (2)
英语新闻标题及其翻译
Outline1. Introduction2. Development of English News Title2.1 History of English News Title2.2 Functions of English News Title2.2.1 Pointing Out the News Content2.2.2 Producing Attractive Effects.2.3 Differences between Chinese and English News Titles2.3.1 V ocabulary Similarities and Differences2.3.2 Tense Similarities and Differences2.3.3 Rhetoric Similarities and Differences2.3.4 Punctuation Mark Similarities and Differences3. Translation of English News Titles3.1 Literal Translation3.2 Free Translation3.3 Addition3.4 Omission3.5 Negation Translation3.6 Alliteration3.7 Making Use of the Advantage Chinese in Translation4. Conclusion[Abstract] English news titles play a special role in news reporting. Thus we should place special emphasis on the research of the characteristics and translation of English news titles. This thesis focuses on the study of English news titles in terms of their grammatical features and its translation. When it comes to translation, it tries to reproduce the functions of English news titles which requires translators’ agility and ingenuity in applying semantic and rhetorical devices. With grammatical and semantic exploration into the English news titles, such studies strive to benefit the readers in their understanding of what the editor wants to convey.[Key words] English news title; function; comparison; translations methods英语新闻标题及其翻译[摘要]标题在新闻报道中具有独特的地位。
英文新闻标题的特点和翻译.
Definition of News
News
is a fresh report of events, facts, or opinions that people did not know before they read your story.
大量使用缩略词
• Long-Term Plan to TCM TCM =Traditional Chinese Medicine 中医 • Quake Kills 11 in Western China Quake=earthquake 地震 • IBM Sets Wireless Web Pacts for E-business IBM=International Business Machines Corporation 美国商用机器公司 • Members’ Close Ties Emphasized Ahead of SCO Summit SCO=Shanghai Co-operation Organization 上海合作组织 • US seeks MIAs MIA= Missing in Action 作战失踪人员
• 新闻就是对人们阅读之前还不知道的事件、 事实或观点的一种全新报道。
Definition of News
News
is anything timely that interests a number of persons, and the best news is that which has the greatest interest of the greatest number．
Brief Analysis of English Humor and Its Translation浅析英语幽默极其翻译
Contents1. Introduction (1)2. General Analysis of English Humor (1)2.1 Definition of English Humor (2)2.2 Features of English Humor (2)2.3 Manifestation of English Humor (3)2.3.1 Using Different Forms of Figures of Speech (3)2.3.2 Deriving from the Transcultural Communication (4)2.3.3 With Unexpected Endings (5)2.4 Classification of English Humor (5)2.4.1 English Humor Caused by Phonological Ambiguity (5)2.4.2 English Humor Caused by Syntactic Ambiguity (6)2.4.3 English Humor Caused by Oral Communication (7)3. Translation of English Humor (7)3.1 Translation Principles Used in English Humor (7)3.1.1 Transgression of Cooperative Principle (7)3.1.2 Relevance Theory (8)3.2 Common Methods Used in English Humor (9)3.2.1. Literal Translation (9)3.2.2 Inductive Translation (10)3.2.3 Functional Translation (12)3.2.4 Annotation (13)4. Conclusion (14)Bibliography (15)Brief Analysis of English Humor and Its Translation1.IntroductionThe connection of China and the world becomes increasingly close, which stimulates frequent communication in politics, economy and culture. Language, as a necessary tool for communication, plays an important role in our daily life. English humor is a special language art form that influences our lives deeply. Friedrich Engels (恩格斯) once believed that humor was consisted of the performance of wisdom and superiority in morals, and it required to be inspired by higher speculative ability and affluent imagination. English humor reflects the English characteristics and rules, which is not only related to the complicated and implicit language expressions, but also some given culture, history and social natural law. The study of English humor has been a long history. Most of the scholars both from aboard and home study it from different aspects, such as literature, art, sociology, logic, linguistics psychology and so on. However, not very many scholars specialize in the translation of English humor. As we know, understanding and appreciating of English humor are vital in translation of English humor, which definitely require strong language ability, reasoning ability and profound culture quality. Therefore, in order to easily understand and translate English humor, it is necessary to grasp the typical features of English humor. In view of this, the following parts will discuss some strategies and skills in translating English humor.2. General Analysis of English HumorHumor appears in books, magazines, movies, oral communications and TV shows. The successful interpretation of humor can bring laughter, relieve anxieties and improve people’s relationship. Generally, when we are confronted with humorous language we don’t have the urge to laugh. Why? There are three reasons. To begin with, we are not familiar with the English culture. Secondly, we are short of the method and mentality to understand and appreciate it. Last but not least, we don’t understand the characteristics and manifestations of English humor. In order to understand English humor, it relies not only on the understanding of the literal meaning, but also the implied meaning. The former is easy to grasp by native language speaker for it is separated from the language itself. While achieving the latter requires the reason and integration1咸阳师范学院2012届本科毕业论文of concepts. In order to appreciate English humor, we should at the very beginning realize the contradiction among speech act, behavior and incident, and then keep appropriate mental distance. Finally, we must have a good grasp of reading rhythm. The splendid part of humor is always placed at the end, so in reading or listening, we should pay more attention to having a pause to spare space to understand, which will help to possess the humorous effect. Thus humor is an interesting language phenomenon that deserves attention and study.2.1 Definition of English HumorResearchers past and present have put forward varied definitions about humor, but there is no consensus about it. It’s not easy to give coincident definition of humor owing to its abundant denotation and connotation. A good definition includes the quality to release laughter, the perceivers’ ability to be aware of , humorous effect, and, most importantly, the nature of humor.In Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (2009), humor is defined as: a. the ability to understand and enjoy what is funny and makes people laugh; b. the quality of causing amusement.Where there is an act of humor, there must exist human participants who are capable of producing and noticing what is funny and laughable. Besides, there must be something happening or a funny stimulus which can amuse people. I consider that trying to be laughable or amusing is the essence of humor. So a sense of humor may be defined as a mental quality to produce, perceive and appreciate the utterance or action where amusements exist.2.2 Features of English HumorHumor is a special language art which decorates our daily life. The language form is concise, and the plot is mild and indirect. The witty and interesting contents make people cannot suppress a smile. English humor not only reflects the features and rules of the language, but inspires reader to contemplate after the laughter, which due to rich and varied national culture that involves profound life philosophic theory. The following examples will show these viewpoints.One day, the king asked Avanti(阿凡提), “If gold is placed on you left side and truth on the right side, which one will you choose?”“Majesty, I choose gold.” Avanti said. “How foolish you are,” the king laughed, “The treasure is nothing. However, it is difficult to get truth. Truth values most. If I were you, I would choose truth.”“Majesty, you are totally right.” Avanti said, “What2you lack is what you need. Each is in his proper place.” (各得其所)This joke typically presents the artistic features of English humor and its profound and deep connotation. Every single sentence itself seems like a puzzle and all the answers are full of extended meanings. The whole meanings reveal the main idea of the hero. We can see that what Avanti means is that the king is the pathetic one who is lack of truth (Wisdom or brains). He wanted to make fun of Avanti. However, Avanti realized that and found a way to fight back. On one hand, his answers did n’t offend the king so he won’t be punished. On the other hand, he satirized the king who hadn’t even realized it. However, readers can see through it and end this story with laughter.2.3 Manifestation of English HumorAs we know that English humor is a special language phenomenon. The language itself may be not so humorous, but it will produce humorous effect only when it is used in given language context. It is necessary for us learners to know about the commonly used manifestations of English humor: using different figures of speech; deriving form the translation communication; with unexpected endings.2.3.1 Using Different Forms of Figures of SpeechLanguage is a tool to express what one thinks and make most of rhetoric which is the art of language expression. The speaker can rely on different figures of speech to make the abstract questions be more specific, symbolizing and deep-going. These polished language art forms are effective ways to create humor. We can find them everywhere.Pun: It is an important and common figure of speech used in English humor, which ingeniously uses partial tone and ambiguous words to make the expression more implicit and mild. It takes advantage of one word or sentence that relates to two objects which include two meanings, one is the literal meaning, the other is extended meaning. However, the extended meaning is the main idea. So the humorous effect comes about.Eg.1 Two fish are swimming in Atlantic Ocean, suddenly, the great shadow covers them.First fish: “What a shadow! What can it be?”Second fish: “That’s the bottom of Queen Elizabeth.”First fish: “God, save the king!”In this example, “bottom” has two meanings. The literal meaning is the bottom of a ship,3咸阳师范学院2012届本科毕业论文and the extended meaning is people’s buttocks. The first fish understands that the huge “bottom”is the queen’s buttocks so that’s why the first fish shows its sympathy for the king. We are touched by its cute answers.Quick wit:It’s a kind of art used when people are in trouble, which needs wisdom and quick mind.Eg.2 A small boy leading a donkey passed by an army camp. A couple of soldiers wanted to fool the little boy. “Why are you holding on to your brother so tightly for, sonny?” asked one of the soldiers.”“So he won’t join the army.” The lad answered without blinking his eyes.Oh, how brilliant the boy is. The soldiers intended to humiliate the boy by calling him donkey. The boy was so brave and smart that he answered back without straight-forward words. His answer made the soldiers have nothing to say and brought disgrace on the soldiers’own head.Hyperbole: we can also use hyperbole to express extreme feelings. Here is an advertisement which is very impressive.“AHHHH, the jet age. Breakfast in Paris, dinner in H.K, and luggage in Peoria.” It delivers us a message that traffic today is so convenient and high-speed that we can go whatever we want in a very short time. At first sight, we maybe find it funny, but when we think twice, we think it’s reasonable.2.3.2 Deriving from the Transcultural CommunicationWhen people with different cultural background, custom and language communicate with each other, they are inclined to confront cultural shocks and cultural humor owing to their own cultural gap. As a result, many humors are derived from transcultural communication.For instance, in the movie Joy Luck Club, Waverly’s boyfriend Rich is going to visit his mother-in-law who is sharp-tongued and hard to please. For this reason Waverly had told him how to behave so as to try and make a favorable impression on her family, especially her mother. At first, everything is smooth, but when dinner time is coming, something goes wrong. Waverly forgot to tell Rich the Chinese table manners. When food is served on the table, he helps himself to the dish and ignores others. To make things worse, the last dish is Waverly’s mother’s best dish but Rich blows it. As usual, whenever Waverly’s mother serves her best dish, she always says that this dish is not salty enough, no flavor, it’s too bad to eat, but please! But he takes it and4thinks that the dish may be really awful. He says,“You know, Lindo, all it need is soy sauce.”Without any surprise, he get a bad impression.In this example, what impresses me most is the culture gap in daily life. Foreigners have little knowledge about our Chinese complicated table manners, so they tend to make mistakes during dinner. It’s Chinese tradition that senior starts eating then the others can start, which shows politeness and respect. Rich doesn’t know it. He helps himself during the dinner. Another mistake is that our Chinese are modest especially when talking about what we are really good at. However, Rich does n’t know that. He thinks Lindo said the dish is not salty enough, it’s true. So he adds soy sauce which totally ruins the delicious dish. At this scene, we burst into laughter and worry about Rich.2.3.3 With Unexpected EndingsNo matter what types of humor are, they have something in common, that is, they will lead people to change thinking pattern. In the process of creating humor, speakers will always illustrate a situation from some certain point of view, and then suddenly guide readers to see the situation from a completely converse viewpoint. Many humors begin with straight and plain narration which readers are used to thinking it in a normal way. However, when it comes to the end, the writer changes the plot that beyond readers’ imagination. For example, in the novel The Cop and the Anthem by O.Henry, the hero Soapy tries every means to attract the policeman’s attention in order to be thrown into prison. But he cannot get his wishes come true. Finally, he sits in front of a church hearing the anthem and makes up his mind to turn over a new leaf. To his surprise, it is then that he is caught by policeman and sent into prison. This kind of humor not only has a strong sense of satire but also prompts us to deep thought.2.4 Classification of English HumorThere are many kinds of humor caused by different factors. We can classify them into three kinds in order to get a clear and better understanding: English humor caused by Phonological Ambiguity; English humor caused by Syntactic Ambiguity; English humor caused by oral communication.2.4.1 English Humor Caused by Phonological AmbiguityThere are so many homonyms in English. We use the same pronunciation of two different words to achieve the unexpected and humorous effect. It is a very common way to generate5咸阳师范学院2012届本科毕业论文laughter.Eg.1 “My daughter has arranged a little piece for the piano.”“Good, it’s about time we had a little peace.”In this case, “piece” and “peace” have the same pronunciation. In this context, host wants to show off his daughter’s skill to play the piano for the guest but the guest wants to have a break. Maybe it sounds annoying so the guest doesn’t want to listen. When the host proposes to have a little “piece” the guest misunderstands it as “peace” so his answer is amusing.Eg.2 A teacher was giving all English lesson to a class of adults who had recently come to live in Australia. After placing some everyday objects on the table, she asked various members of the class to give her the pen, the book, the ruler and so on. Then she turned to an Italian student and said, “Give me the keys,” The man looked surprised. So she repeated, “Give me the keys.”The Italian student shrugged his shoulders. Then, throwing his arms around the teacher’s neck, he kissed her on both cheeks.This joke is generated by the fact that the student cannot tell the difference between /i/ and / i:/. The teacher wants the man to give her “keys” but the man thinks the word “keys” as “kiss”. So he kissed the teacher.2.4.2 English Humor Caused by Syntactic AmbiguityIn some context, what you said have been misunderstood by others so their answers sometimes have nothing to do with your question or even embarrass you.Eg.1 A: Could I try on the trousers in the window?B: You can if you want, sir, but we do have a dressing room.The customer said “in the window”means the trousers that in the window. But what the salesman thinks is that the customer wants to try on the trousers in the window. So the salesman said “sir, you can if you want.”Eg.2 A: “My students appreciate me, do yours?”B: “I wouldn’t know, I have never heard them mention your name.”Look at this one, we can’t help laughing. Ellipsis causes a problem. A said “D o yours” that intents to mean that do you students appreciate you too. B thinks it means do your students appreciate me? So he replied that answer which may hurt the feelings of A. It is a little embarrassed.62.4.3 English Humor Caused by Oral CommunicationDifferent people differ in oral English, they have various speaking speed and tone. As the message is passing, listener and speaker have different perceptual skill. That is how humor engenders.Eg.1 A: He is a nice man. 他是一个好人。
网站新闻的语域变异及其翻译——以中国日报网英文新闻编译为例
Modern Linguistics 现代语言学, 2020, 8(2), 143-148Published Online April 2020 in Hans. /journal/mlhttps:///10.12677/ml.2020.82021Register Variation of Website Newsand Its Translation—A Case Study of Translating China Daily Website English NewsJiahui YuCanvard College of Beijing Technology and Business University, BeijingReceived: Feb. 23rd, 2020; accepted: Apr. 3rd, 2020; published: Apr. 10th, 2020AbstractCompared with news of other media, website news writing is more easily influenced by external factors such as the hyperlinks of internet, the big data and the page views etc. In addition, the ex-pression and sentence structure of website news are much more flexible, which can explain why language deviation occurs in website news. These creative language deviants in website news can provoke vivid and eye-catching effects. Halliday, the founder of the Systematic-functional Gram-mar, emphasizes that changes in context may cause the language deviation. This paper attempts to explore the relation between register variation and the three variables of register, namely field, tenor and mode. To better produce the effect of such register variation, the author attempts to provide some translation methods including the literal translation, free translation, and paraph-rasing etc. within the framework of register theory. This paper is expected to enrich studies on language deviation as well as website news writing.KeywordsRegister Theory, Register Variation, Eye-Catching Effect网站新闻的语域变异及其翻译——以中国日报网英文新闻编译为例于佳惠北京工商大学嘉华学院，北京收稿日期：2020年2月23日；录用日期：2020年4月3日；发布日期：2020年4月10日于佳惠摘 要和其他新闻媒介相比，网站新闻易受超链接、大数据、浏览量等外部因素的影响。
英语新闻标题及其翻译
Outline1. Introduction2. Development of English News Title2.1 History of English News Title2.2 Functions of English News Title2.2.1 Pointing Out the News Content2.2.2 Producing Attractive Effects.2.3 Differences between Chinese and English News Titles2.3.1 V ocabulary Similarities and Differences2.3.2 Tense Similarities and Differences2.3.3 Rhetoric Similarities and Differences2.3.4 Punctuation Mark Similarities and Differences3. Translation of English News Titles3.1 Literal Translation3.2 Free Translation3.3 Addition3.4 Omission3.5 Negation Translation3.6 Alliteration3.7 Making Use of the Advantage Chinese in Translation4. Conclusion[Abstract] English news titles play a special role in news reporting. Thus we should place special emphasis on the research of the characteristics and translation of English news titles. This thesis focuses on the study of English news titles in terms of their grammatical features and its translation. When it comes to translation, it tries to reproduce the functions of English news titles which requires translators’ agility and ingenuity in applying semantic and rhetorical devices. With grammatical and semantic exploration into the English news titles, such studies strive to benefit the readers in their understanding of what the editor wants to convey.[Key words] English news title; function; comparison; translations methods英语新闻标题及其翻译[摘要]标题在新闻报道中具有独特的地位。
(完整版)中英新闻标题翻译_毕业设计
本科生毕业论文设计中英新闻标题翻译作者姓名：王群指导教师：杨丽华所在学部：外语学部专业：英语班级（届）：2009届3班二〇一三年四月二十二On the Translation of Chinese and English News HeadlinesByWang QunSupervisor Prof. Yang LihuaA ThesisSubmitted to the Foreign LanguagesSchoolIn Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsFor the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsAt Hebei Normal UniversityContentsAbstract (English) (ii)Abstract (Chinese)............................................................................................. iii Introduction (1)Chapter 1 Brief Introduction of English News Headlines (3)1.1 Definition of English News Headlines (3)1.2 Functions of English News Headlines (4)1.3 Features of English News Headlines (6)Chapter 2 Comparison Between Chinese and English News Headlines (10)2.1 Differences between Chinese and English News Headlines (10)2.2 Similarities between Chinese and English News headlines (15)Chapter 3 Translation of English News Headlines (16)3.1 Difficulties of English News Headlines Translation (16)3.2 A Brief Review on Translation Criteria (17)3.3 Criteria of English News Headlines Translation (18)3.4 Strategies and Tactics of English News Headlines Translation (20)Conclusion (2)5 Bibliography (26)AbstractWith deepening of the reform and opening up policy and entry into the WTO ，the Chinese are eager to know the world. A large number of information is transmitted by news media especially news reports.The essential part of news report is headline. Sometimes people don‘t have enough time to read the whole news from the beginning to the end, most readers would like to know as much as they can in the shortest time. Therefore , it can be concluded that the headline plays a very important role on news reporting, and we must pay more attention to the translation of news headline.This paper mainly introduces some translating skills according to the features of English news headlines. There are three parts in this paper. In chapter one, it introduces the definition, function, classification and features of English news headline. In chapter two, it introduces the differences and similarities between English and Chinese news headlines. The problems appeared in English news headline translation are introduced in the last chapter. In the end of this paper, it has a conclusion of the content .To sum up, this paper hopes to find a appropriate way of English news headline translation by discussing of the features, functions and the criteria of English news headline translation.Key words: journalistic English; headlines; features; criteria; translationtactics摘要随着改革开放的进一步深化以及中国加入世界贸易组织，中国与西方国家的交流与联系也越来越频繁。
英语新闻导语及其翻译【lunwen+开题+综述】
BI YE LUN WEN（20_ _届）英语英语新闻导语及其翻译English News Lead and TranslationContentsAbstract (4)1 Introduction (5)2 Lead (6)2.1 The inverted pyramid form (6)2.2 Development of lead (7)2.3 Characteristics of lead (8)2.3.1 Information concentration (8)2.3.2 Compact syntax (9)2.3.3 Dateline and news source (9)3 Translation of Lead (10)3.1 Separation and combination (11)3.2 Restructuring of information (12)3.3 Changing the position of news source (13)3.4 Changing the form of time (14)3.5 Backgrounding (14)4 Conclusion (15)Bibliography (16)Acknowledgements (17)摘要本文以英语新闻导语作为研究对象。
先简要介绍新闻的广义与狭义的定义，分类和体裁。
新闻报道作为最广泛使用的一种新闻体裁，通常由标题、导语和正文三部分组成。
倒金字塔结构作为新闻报道最通用的写作结构，它的问世带动了导语的发展，先后产生了三代导语，并且在今天仍不断地向着多样化的方向发展，呈现出百花齐放的局面。
导语在新闻中的作用日渐显著，它的发展丰富了新闻的内容，使新闻更具有可读性。
导语大体上分为直接性导语和延缓性导语。
导语信息浓缩，句法紧凑，注明电头和消息来源。
本文的研究重点为导语的翻译策略，根据导语的特点，结合中英新闻导语的差异，翻译导语过程中需要采用拆分与整合，信息重组，消息来源位置置换，更换时间的表达形式和背景解释等策略。
我爱好英语作文带翻译
我爱好英语作文带翻译Sure, here's an English essay along with its translation:Title: The Power of Reading。
Reading is a fundamental aspect of our lives, shaping our thoughts, perspectives, and understanding of the world around us. From literature to science journals, the written word has the power to enlighten, entertain, and educate. In this essay, we will explore the importance of reading and its impact on personal development and society as a whole.Firstly, reading expands our knowledge and broadens our horizons. Through books, articles, and essays, we gain access to a wealth of information on various topics, from history and culture to science and technology. Each page turned is an opportunity to learn something new, to explore different viewpoints, and to deepen our understanding of complex issues. Moreover, reading enhances our vocabularyand language skills, improving our ability to communicate effectively and express ourselves eloquently.Secondly, reading stimulates our imagination and creativity. As we immerse ourselves in the pages of a novel or the lines of a poem, we enter worlds crafted by the author's words, where anything is possible. We visualize characters, settings, and events, creating vivid mental images that transport us to distant lands and distant times. This imaginative exercise not only provides us with entertainment but also fosters our creativity, encouraging us to think outside the box and envision new possibilities.Furthermore, reading fosters empathy and compassion. When we read stories about people from different backgrounds and cultures, we gain insight into their lives, experiences, and struggles. We walk in their shoes, experiencing their joys and sorrows, and in doing so, we develop a greater appreciation for the diversity of human existence. This empathy cultivated through reading fosters understanding and tolerance, bridging the gaps that divide us and fostering a more inclusive and compassionate society.In addition, reading improves critical thinking and analytical skills. As we engage with complex texts and wrestle with challenging ideas, we learn to question, evaluate, and analyze the information presented to us. We become more discerning readers, able to separate fact from fiction, truth from propaganda, and sound arguments from fallacious ones. This ability to think critically is essential in today's information age, where misinformation and fake news abound, empowering us to make informed decisions and navigate the complexities of the modern world.In conclusion, reading is not merely a hobby but a powerful tool for personal growth and societal progress. It enriches our minds, expands our horizons, and cultivates essential skills that are invaluable in both our personal and professional lives. Therefore, let us embrace the habit of reading and celebrate the transformative power of the written word.Translation:标题，阅读的力量。
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English News Title and Its TranslationOutline1. Introduction2. Development of English News Title2.1 History of English News Title2.2 Functions of English News Title2.2.1 Pointing Out the News Content2.2.2 Producing Attractive Effects.2.3 Differences between Chinese and English News Titles2.3.1 V ocabulary Similarities and Differences2.3.2 Tense Similarities and Differences2.3.3 Rhetoric Similarities and Differences2.3.4 Punctuation Mark Similarities and Differences3. Translation of English News Titles3.1 Literal Translation3.2 Free Translation3.3 Addition3.4 Omission3.5 Negation Translation3.6 Alliteration3.7 Making Use of the Advantage Chinese in Translation4. ConclusionEnglish News Title and Its Translation[Abstract] English news titles play a special role in news reporting. Thus we should place special emphasis on the research of the characteristics and translation of English news titles. This thesis focuses on the study of English news titles in terms of their grammatical features and its translation. When it comes to translation, it tries to reproduce the functions of English news titles which requires translators’ agility and ingenuity in applying semantic and rhetorical devices. With grammatical and semantic exploration into the English news titles, such studies strive to benefit the readers in their understanding of what the editor wants to convey.[Key words] English news title; function; comparison; translations methods英语新闻标题及其翻译[摘要]标题在新闻报道中具有独特的地位。
因此在整个新闻英语翻译中标题翻译的作用不可忽视。
本文拟从以下角度进行论证：英文报刊标题的文字简练醒目，无疑是来源于对英语语法得心应手的灵活运用。
而要再现英文标题在原文中所起的浓缩主题、画龙点睛的作用，需要译者同样在用词和修辞等语法方面匠心独运。
本文拟通过对英语新闻标题翻译原则和策略的探讨，以期能对新闻英语包括英语标题翻译找到一条具有特定翻译规则的途径作出有益的尝试。
[关键词] 英语新闻标题; 作用; 分类; 对比; 翻译方法1 IntroductionWhat is the title? A title of a piece of news usually printed in large type and devised to summarize, gives essential information, or interests readers in reading the news content . Naturally readers buy newspapers in order to keep posted on daily happenings. However, t oday’s English newspapers are getting fatter with a great number of pages. Therefore, many readers have formed the habit of scanning titles, which makes possible rapid news comprehension. Thus one of the most important purposes of titles is to inform readers quickly, which means that a well-designed title immediately tells them the gist of the accompanying story. Nothing is more important than packaging the product. A piece of news and its titles resemble the product and the packaging respectively. Only when the titles grasp the attention of the readers, the whole page can obtain vitality. So we say a final requirement of titles is to stimulate the reader’s artistic sense.Therefore, news people need to make sure that English title forms are set to beautify the layout of the newspaper and thus to interest readers in the stories.2. Development of English News Title2.1 History of English News TitleThe history of English news title is long and it can be divided into three phases. English news titles were originated in the Qing Dynasty. The characteristic of embryo is long and complex. The second stage of news title begins with the characteristic of diversity in the 19th century 70's. The third stage is from 20th century to nowadays and has the feature of concise and simplicity. In a word, the translation of English news title experienced the process from complexity to simplicity.2.2 Functions of English News TitleThe news title is the fundam ental part of any piece of news. In a time when it’s harder to get people’s attention, good writers always spend too much time and creative energy working on their titles, because they know that the title is one of the most important parts of their work. According to Bruce H. Westley, from the standpoint of the reader, newspaper titles serve the following purposes:2.2.1 Pointing Out the News ContentNews titles summarize the news content, so the news content can be reflected bythe titles alone. By glancing over them, the readers will know what the story is about. Readers can quickly locate the parts that interest him mostly by following the sequence of the news points line by line. Titles rank the importance of stories by the size of the print and placement on the page. And titles can convey the relative significance of the news.2.2.2 Producing Attractive EffectsNews titles are essential to attract the re ader’s attention. General speaking, two methods are used. First, the consistent use of familiar title structure gives the newspaper a relatively familiar and welcome nature. Secondly, English news title is trying to make good use of the front page of a newspaper, especially in electronic media. All of that can help attract the public’s attention. The front page plays the most important role of attracting the eyeballs of the readers well. Since newspapers are usually sold on the newsstands with just the top-half of the paper showing to the passengers, reporters of newspapers try every means to make the banner titles across the top of the page attractive enough to be a crowd-stopper (Westley 1972).2.3 Differences between Chinese and English News TitlesUnderstanding the similarities and differences between the Chinese and English news titles are carrying on the accurate translation. Any thing has its general character and its individuality. The Chinese and English news title is not exceptional. Directness and factuality are the two most prominent general characters. But the different language cultural context and the news tradition enable the Chinese and English title to have their own clear characteristics.2.3.1 Vocabulary Similarities and DifferencesIn most cases both English titles and Chinese titles share similarities in the vocabulary usage. First, in the news titles they both use shrinks and concise words (In Chinese we often used “armed police”,“Political Consultative Conference”,“WTO”,“Security Council”and so on. In English UN, UK, USA, NATO, WTO, NASA EU) “Minor term” is the popular word usage an d the fashionable word usage in English news titles. Second, both enjoy using popular words. Third, both enjoy using stylish words. For example:(1) 全球瞩目A股巨震，暴跌难阻股民入市热情(2) MP demands probe into MoD bungles (MP=Member of Parliament; MoD=ministry ofDefense(3) 越来越多的人在聚会时喜欢“k歌”(K song is stylish word)(4) American Online; Often Down, Never Out (Online is stylish word)The first two examples use the popular terms and the last two ones use the stylish word.Differences:Judging from vocabulary, the Chinese news title is fond of using several verbs together, but the English news title is fond of using several noun words together. English news often uses short words and some initials or acronyms which are printed in large type, Such as EEC short for European Economic Community.(5) 开放搞活改革致富(6) Britain “Flagship” Detention Center Abandoned(7) 武船再助“神舟”飞天（“武船”指武昌造船厂）(8) A 2nd LI Priest Removed (LI=Long Island)The first example shows Chinese title uses four verbs together, while the second one shows English title uses four nouns together. That’s the difference lying in the Chinese and English news title in the vocabulary usage.2.3.2 Tense Similarities and DifferencesEnglish and Chinese news titles all massively use the phrase title. In Chinese we commonly use verb-object phrase, noun phrase and so on. In English we commonly use non-localization minor sentence (for example participial phrase, Infinitive phrase and gerund phrase), adjective phrase, and preposition phrase and so on. Translation may happen according to respective characteristic transformation. E.g.(9) Five Ways to Be Romantic(10) Helping the Homeless to Help Themselves(11) US carmakers ready to cut output.(12) 走向美好明天的江西.(13) 变化中的股市(14) 中国与发展In the above English news titles, the first uses the infinitive phrase, the second usesthe gerund phrase and the third uses the adjective phrase. In the Chinese news titles, the first uses two verb-object, the last one uses noun -verb.When we read English news title we will find English news titles often use simple present tense, present progressive tense and simple future tense, whose sign is obvious. However, you will find Chinese news titles often use present tense and progressive tense. Who tense sign is not obvious (Peter, Newmark 2001).For example:(15) French Culture Is the Doldrums法国文化颓然不振(16) China is growing strong.中国正在发展壮大.(17) China had an earth-shaking change.中国发生了一个翻天覆地的变化(18) 中国自然资源丰富.(19) 总理会见了受难群众(20) 中国法律将更加完善.(21) 圆满取得了成功.From the above examples we can find the first four examples use general present tense, general future tense, and present progressive tense, general past tense individually, and have obvious tense signs. The last ones use general present tense, the present tense replace past tense, future tense, past tense. But they have no obvious tense signs.2.3.3 Rhetoric Similarities and DifferencesBoth English and Chinese news title use the ordinary rhetoric, such as metaphor and hyperbole. It can attract more readers and make the news more clear and colorful.(22) Dam work brings flood of debate(23) 孩子是祖国的花朵(24) Graying Armies March to Defend Social Security(25) 一落千丈The first and second examples use the metaphor. The rest uses the hyperbole. The above two kinds of rhetoric are often used in English and Chinese news titles.As for the rhetoric, English-Chinese news title style is respectively different. The Chinese news title highly values a literary talent especial in antithesis and controlsrhyme. The English news title is insipid and pays more attention to the fact. The usage of rhetoric lattice is limited. It often uses literary quotation, allegory, personification, harmonic tone, alliteration, repetition, word or phrase with double meaning, changing the order of rhetoric. Chinese news titles often use parallelism, overlapping, swing, aphorism, antithesis, comparison, word or phrase with double meanings. Some rhetoric is respectively for English institute such as alliteration and swings.(26) Protestant Protest(27) Grammy Apple of New York’s Eye?(28) The Scent of Descent(29) 名言草，实言人。