ving语法
Ving用法
V-ing的用法复习1.V-ing的否定式：V-ing的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。
如：eg. His not coming made all of us angry. （动名词的复合式做主语）2.V-ing的一般式和完成式：V-ing的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
如：Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
3. V-ing的被动式：V-ing的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是V-ing动作的承受者。
根据V-ing 动作发生的时间，V-ing的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。
如：The question being discussed now is very important. 正在被讨论的...Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing 常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
如：Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. This book is well worth reading.4.V-ing的语法作用V-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
1)V–ing（短语）作主语：Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
Ving作主宾表定状补
Not having worked hard all day, I didn’t feel tired.
其他补充： 其他补充： go on/carry on/stop doing停/继续正在做的 go on/carry on/stop to do 停/继续转另一事 mean/try to do 打算/努力去做 mean/try doing 意味着/尝试 be used to doing (介词)适应于 be used to do (被动)被用作.. can’t help doing 情不自禁 can’t help to do 不能帮助
Ving是 非谓语动词的一种 同时具有名、动词特征， 在句中可做主、宾、表、定、状、补语
一、-ing作主语 1. -ing表经常、习惯、泛指的动作 不定式则表具体、一次性的动作 2.对某人来说做某事很...(是特指) It’s important/necessary for sb.to do It’s polite/rude/cruel of sb.to do. 3. 做...是很....(这类事是普遍适用的) it is no use/good/fun doing.... it is a waste of time doing... it is dangerous/worthwhile/useless doing...
2. I hate _________(lose) that game. to lose sitting doing 3. She hate _______(sit) still and _______ (do) nothing.
To become 4. ___________(become) a doctor is her dream. 总结：ing作主、宾、表是泛指，
Ving作表语 宾补定语
表语
现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词 多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人…的”，
过去分词表示“感到…”, 如：
The news was exciting. He appeared satisfied with my answer.
定语
① 单独作定语，应放在被修饰 的名词之前，
They built a highway leading into the mountains. They are problems left over by history.
注意
分词作定语时，意义上接近于 一个定语从句，如：
developing countries = countries that are developing a growing city = a city that is growing liberated areas = areas that have been liberated Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door? Have you read any short stories written (which were written) by Lu Xun?
④ 现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如：
Turning around, she saw a police car driving up. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those days in Yan’an.
注意
Ving作状语
表示动作的结果
Ving作状语可以表示动作的自然结果 Ving作状语可以表示动作的预期结果 Ving作状语可以表示动作的意外结果 Ving作状语可以表示动作的伴随结果
与-ing分词短语的区别
结构不同：-ing分词短语是独立的结构，而Ving作状语是作为状语存在的。
意思不同：-ing分词短语通常表示正在进行的动作或状态，而Ving作状语可以表示 时间、条件、让步等关系。
Ving作状语可以表示伴随的动作，如“He walked along the river，singing l o u d l y. ”
Ving作状语可以表示结果，如“I tried to open the door，only to find it locked.”
表示动作的伴随情况
Ving作状语可以表示主语执行的动作的同时伴随其他动作的发生 Ving作状语可以用来描述主语在执行主要动作时伴随的状态或条件 Ving作状语可以用来强调主语执行的动作与伴随动作之间的关联性 Ving作状语可以用来补充说明主语执行的动作时伴随的其他情况
书面语与口语的区 分
正式与非正式场合 的区分
特定语境场合的区 分
不同领域和专业领 域的区分
注意与其它成分的搭配
注意与主语的搭配：Ving作状语时，应与主语保持逻辑一致，避免产生歧义。 注意与谓语的搭配：Ving作状语时，应与谓语保持时态和语态的一致，以避免语法错误。 注意与宾语的搭配：Ving作状语时，应与宾语保持逻辑一致，确保句子的意思清晰明确。 注意与其它状语的搭配：Ving作状语时，应与其他状语保持合理的顺序，以使句子更加通顺。
汇报人：XX
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语义关系不同：Ving作状语与独立 主格结构在语义关系上存在差异。
人教版选修7unit3ving语法课件
attention
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.
Because he was so angry
They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.
约翰被关在监狱许多年后，最近获释。(时 间状语)
__H__a_v_i_n_g__b_e_e_n__s_e_n__t _to the wrong
address, the letter did not reach her.
由于那封信的地址投错了，她没有收到。 (原因状语)
2．作定语
The large house_b_e_in_g__b_u_i_lt_ is a new shopping mall.
抽象
Her hobby is painting.
她的业余爱好是画画。
My job is looking after the children.
我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指 某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情 况。
They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street.
因为没收到他父亲的来信， 他决定给他打个电话。
Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.
注意
1)在want，need，require，deserve等 动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表 示被动意义，但如果用不定式则用被动式。
ving的用法
被动形式
一般 式 完成 式
doing having done
being done
having been done
ving的被动式
• He hates being interrupted. • 他不愿意被人打断。 • I’m not used to being treated like this. • 我不习惯受这种款待。 • I appreciate being given this opportunity. • 我很感谢给了我这个机会。
exercises
• 1.（2008江苏卷）--- They are quiet, aren’t they? • --- Yes. They are accustomed ____________ at meals. • A. to talk • B. to not talk • C. to talking • D. to not talking
ving的完成式
• • • • • He denied having been there. 他不承认到过那里。 She admits having seen us. 她承认见到了我们。 The safe showed no sign of having been touched. • 保险柜没有被人动过的痕迹。
• a swimming pool • a dancing hall
• • • • •
a smoking room a sleeping bag a writing desk writing paper drinking water
• 1）结论：动名词作定语用来说 明该名词的用途，不表示名词 本身的动作。（作前置定语）
• 1.动词ing 作状语，其否定形式 为 在它前面加not，never等。 • Not knowing how to find the station, I asked a policeman for help.
高考英语语法动名词Ving的用法技巧讲解(共52张PPT)
It is important for me __t_o__le_a__rn_______
(learn) English .
8
Exercises
1. _____ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail.
14
Exercises
1.Sorry, we don’t allow __________ in the
lecture room.
A. to smoke
B. smoke
C. smoking
D. to smoking
2. . They don’t permit __________ noise her.
we must prevent the earth _____.
A. from polluting
B. polluted
C. polluting
D. being polluted
16
4. 作定语
＊The girl standing there is my sister .
＊This is a piece of s_u__rp_r_i_s_in_g__ (surprise)
It’s a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主语, 只用V-ing,不用不定式。 ※ It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It is a waste of time __t_a_l_k_in__g___ (talk) to
ving的用法
--ving的用法：一．--ving的分类：1．动名词=动词+名词，可以在句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语。
2．现在分词=动词+形容词，可以在句中做表语，定语，宾语补助语以及状语。
主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done二．动名词做主语的用法1.抽象、笼统的动作或泛指某动作行为。
Eg.Acting out stereotypes of people from different countries can be very funny. Playing football is his hobby.Sleeping is a great pleasure.Learning a foreign language is very useful for everyone.Arguing with her is a waste of time.2. 用it代替动名词做主语的情况，结构有：It is no use/ good/ fun/ a waste of time doing sth.It’s no use going there today; he won’t be there.It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 三．动名词做宾语的用法可以置于行为动词和介词后。
Eg.I suggested having a picnic. However, we didn’t reach an agreement.I have finished checking the homework. He is good at drawing.只能用动名词做宾语的动词及短语如下Advice, avoid, allow, appreciate, enjoy, escape, finish, dislike, imagine, mind, permit, practise, suggest, can’t help, give up, insist on, feel like, spend / waste time, have difficulty/ problem/ trouble doing sth, etc.在介词后面做宾语：devote to, look forward to, be fond of, prevent from, beengaged in（忙于）, depend on,be/get/become used to等Need, want, require, be worth 后接动名词主动表示被动的含义，如：The room needs cleaning. = the room needs to be cleaned.The movie is worth seeing.有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：I forgot to close the door before I left the room.I forgot having closed the door.He tried to write better. (尽量努力地写) He tried writing with a brush. (用毛笔试着写)I couldn’t help finishing it. (不能不结束某事)I couldn’t help to finish it. (不能帮助结束某事)They left off fishing. (停止钓鱼)They left off to fish. (离开某处出发去钓鱼)I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)I regret not taking your advice. (后悔) 四．动名词和现在分词做定语的用法。
ving的用法解读
例句
• • • • 1. Avoid over-eating. 2.He admitted taking the money. 3.I can’t help laughing. 4.I finished reading the book last night.
②既可接动名词又可接不定式作 宾语的动词，常见的有：begin， start，continue，intend，like， love，prefer，mean，forget， regret, remember，hate ,go on, stop 等。
我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。 I regret missing the report． 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建 议。 I regret to say I can’t take your advice．
D在try，mean之后意义各不相同， try to do (设法)， try doing (试试)， mean to do (打算，有意要做) mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如：
• a book explaining how to cut the death rate • Following jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are going to visit the动形式
比较下列三组句子
• 我记得我已把信寄了。 • I remember posting the letter． • 我会记着去寄信的。 • I’ll remember to post the letter．
我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名 作家。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer． 不要忘了给你母亲写信。 Don’t forget to write to your mother．
Ving作主宾表定状补
A. 在 like, love, hate, prefer之后， 用-ing或to do意思一样，不过-ing表泛指 to do表具体、一次性动作 B. 在 begin/start, continue之后, 用-ing或to do意思一样 C. 在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 动名词表示动作做了, 不定式表示没做
Walking ________(walk)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
Watching _________(watch)news on TV has become a routine for me.
教育孩子需要耐心。 Teaching children needs patience.
其他补充： 其他补充： go on/carry on/stop doing停/继续正在做的 go on/carry on/stop to do 停/继续转另一事 mean/try to do 打算/努力去做 mean/try doing 意味着/尝试 be used to doing (介词)适应于 be used to do (被动)被用作.. can’t help doing 情不自禁 can’t help to do 不能帮助
— Let me tell you something about the journalists． B — Don’t you remember ________ me the story yesterday? A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told
Grammar
The –ing form as the Subject and Object
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v-ing的用法一、概念1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种，分别可作：主语、宾语、表语; （动名词）定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词)注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.其各种形式如下表：Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。
Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。
The president's being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果。
2、作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。
He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us.He did it without ______ _____ (ask)You can't eat anything before _____________(operate on)I remember having be en told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother i n the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。
What I hate most is ________________ (laugh at)The problem is for from _______________ (settle)注意：①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式（being done)，不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式（hav ing been done)。
如：I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会。
1)动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时，其特点是只表被动，不表进行。
2)动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时，有时可采用其复合结构形式，即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done。
如：Tom's being admitted to college is a big surprise for us.汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶。
The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught.新证据的发现导致他被捕。
（二）现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语，一般不作状语（除个别情形例外）；在句中既表被动又表进行1、作宾补现在分词的被动式（being done）作宾补时，表示正在进行的被动的动作，常与感官动词连用。
I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.You'll find the topic _______________ (discuss) everywhere now.As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ (build)注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成.2、作定语现在分词的被动式（being done）作定语时时，表示正在进行的被动的动作。
The meeting ______________ (discuss) now is very important.He asked who was the girl _____________ (operate）on in the operating room.注意：1）现在分词的被动式作后置定语时，表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作。
如：a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议a meeting heldyesterday 昨天举行的会议a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议2）现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 不能做定语和宾补。
The building having been built last year (×)The building built last year (√)We found him having been killed. (×)We found him killed (√)考点/易错点2现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系，且此分词动作（明确地）发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间（或持续发生多次）时可用现在分词的被动完成式(having been do ne) 作状语。
Having been shown around the classroom， we were taken to visit the lab.被领着参观了教室后，我们又被带着参观了实验室。
Having been told the news， they put off the trip.被告知此消息后，他们取消了这次旅。
Having been separated for many years by the war， they couldn't recognize e ach other.因战争而分离多年后，他们都认不出对方了。
Having been told many times， the boy still didn't know how to do it.尽管被告知多次了，那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。
注意：1)若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构。
The work having been done，they left the office.All the exam papers having been handed in， the teacher sent the students h ome.2)在这种独立主格结构中，用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大。
而为了简洁，习惯采用过去分词形式，如上面两句常表达成：The work done，they left the office.All the exam papers handed in， the teacher sent the students home.注意：过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别：二者作状语时，都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系，区别不大，可以互换。
但是在这种情况下，为了简洁，还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语。
Asked(=Having been asked) to work overtime，I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班，我错过了一场精彩的电影。
Polluted (=Having been polluted) seriously， the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发（或持续一段时间）还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语，但终归区别还是不大。
Having been told many times， he still repeated the same mistakes.尽管被告诉了多次，他还是犯同样的错误。
考点/易错点3动名词的主动形式表被动意义1、在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。
2、在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。
His suggestion is worth considering.3、在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如：We don't allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟We don't allow students to smoke here.我们不允许学生抽烟三、综合练习（一）适当形式填空1．_______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.（expos e）2．The bird ___ escaped. I didn't mind at home.（catch；leave）3．_________ the whole story， Jane decided not to see the film.（tell）4．________ that it was going to snow， the climbers decided to put off the ir attempt on the highest mountain.（tell）5．The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.（catch）6．________ many times， he finally understood it. （tell）7.Your car needs ____________(fill). 你这车要充气This city deserves _____________(visit). 这座城市值得光顾一下。
The problem requires ___________ (study)carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。
The trees want ___________ (water).这些树需要浇水了。
7. ____________ (ask) to put on performance， she refused.8. He disliked _________________ (interrupt) in his experiment .9. _________________ (give) such a good chance， you should catch it .10. I didn't mind __________ (leave)at home.11. He came in without ___________ (ask).12. __________________ (show) around the library， we were taken to see the lab.（二）将下列句子翻译成英语。