数字集成电路设计 第一章 ppt

Circuits2nd
Introduction
Intel 4004 Micro-Processor
1971 1000 transistors 1 MHz operation
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Introduction
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Intel Pentium (IV) microprocessor
Circuits2nd
Introduction
21
Challenges in Digital Design
DSM
“Microscopic Problems”
• Ultra-high speed design • Interconnect • Noise, Crosstalk • Reliability, Manufacturability • Power Dissipation • Clock distribution. Everything Looks a Little Different
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Introduction
4
The First Computer
The Babbage Difference Engine (1832) 25,000 parts cost: ? 7,470
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Circuits2nd
Courtesy, Intel
Introduction
Power Dissipation
100
Power (Watts)
P6 Pentium ® proc
10
8086 286
1 8085 8080
486 386
8008 4004
Digital Integrated Circuits
A Design Perspective
Jan M. Rabaey Anantha Chandrakasan Borivoje Nikolic
Introduction
July 30, 2002
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Introduction
Introduction
Why
is designing digital ICs different today than it was before? Will it change in future?
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Courtesy, Intel
Introduction
20
Not Only Microprocessors
Cell Phone
Small Signal RF Power RF
Digital Cellular Market (Phones Shipped)
7
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Circuits2nd
Introduction
The First Integrated Circuits
Bipolar logic 1960’s
ECL 3-input Gate Motorola 1966
8
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Power will be a major problem
100000 10000
Power (Watts)
1000
18KW 5KW 1.5KW 500W
Pentium® proc
100
286 486 8086 10 386 8085 8080 8008 1 4004 0.1 1971 1974 1978 1985 1992 2000 2004 2008 Year
10,000 1,000 100 10
8086
Source: Intel
i486 i386 80286
1 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Projected
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8085 Transistors on Lead Microprocessors double every 2 years 0.01 0.001 1970
1990 Year
2000
2010
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Circuits2nd
Courtesy, Intel
Introduction
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Circuits2nd
Introduction
10
Moore’s Law
In
1965, Gordon Moore noted that the number of transistors on a chip doubled every 18 to 24 months. He made a prediction that semiconductor technology will double its effectiveness every 18 months
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Circuits2nd
Introduction
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LOG2 OF THE NUMBER OF COMPONENTS PER INTEGRATED FUNCTION
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

What will you learn?
Understanding, designing, and optimizing digital circuits with respect to different quality metrics: cost, speed, power dissipation, and reliability
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Introduction
13
Transistor Counts
K 1,000,000
1 Billion Transistors
Pentium® III Pentium® II Pentium® Pro Pentium®
100,000
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Introduction
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Digital Integrated Circuits
Introduction: Issues in digital design The CMOS inverter Combinational logic structures Sequential logic gates Design methodologies Interconnect: R, L and C Timing Arithmetic building blocks Memories and array structures
Introduction
1
What is this book all about?

Introduction to digital integrated circuits.
CMOS devices and manufacturing technology. CMOS inverters and gates. Propagation delay, noise margins, and power dissipation. Sequential circuits. Arithmetic, interconnect, and memories. Programmable logic arrays. Design methodologies.
2000
2010
Die size grows by 14% to satisfy Moore’s Law
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Courtesy, Intel
Introduction
16
Frequency
10000
Frequency (Mhz)
1000 100
Power delivery and dissipation will be prohibitive
19
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Courtesy, Intel
Introduction
Power density
10000
Power Density (W/cm2)
0.1 1971 1974 1978 1985 1992 2000
Year
Lead Microprocessors power continues to increase
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Courtesy, Intel
Introduction
18
1/DSM
“Macroscopic Issues”