2018年中考英语真题分类汇编 题型3 阅读理解 专项训练十 自然与环保(含解析)

专项训练十自然与环保

时间：8～10分钟/篇分值：2分/小题

Passage 1(2018常德)

Let's clean up the ocean together!

We all know it's important to have dreams. However, to make the dreams come true is not an easy thing. A young Dutch man named Boyan enjoys working hard to make his dreams come true.

When Boyan was 16, he went diving(潜水) in Greece. He was shocked to see more plastic bags than fish in the sea. The boy made up his mind to clean up the ocean. However, everyone told him that there was nothing he could do once plastic bags went into the ocean. The teenager didn't give up. He spent several months studying plastic pollution. Finally, he came up with a science project using floating barriers(漂浮的栅栏) to collect the_waste. That is to say, instead of using nets and ships to collect the plastic bags, the barriers can make the plastic bags come together with the help of natural ocean currents(洋流) and winds. What's more, the collected plastic bags can be recycled and made into products or oil.

Boyan won prizes for the project, but that was not enough for him: he wanted to make it a reality(实现). In 2013, he set up The Ocean Cleanup. Together with scientists, engineers and volunteers, the young man is working hard to clean up the ocean to make our world a better place.

Would you like to join them?

( )1. Where did Boyan decide to clean up the ocean?

A. In Holland.

B. In Greece.

C. In England.

( )2. What does the waste mean in the third paragraph?

A. The nets.

B. The barriers.

C. The plastic bags.

( )3. What may be The Ocean Cleanup?

A. A group.

B. A club.

C. A company.

( )4. The author writes the passage to tell us ________．

A. to clean up the ocean

B. not to pollute the ocean

C. to protect our environment

Passage 2(2018武汉)

Andrew Holleman, a 12-year-old boy, loved playing in the open land near his home. The land was wet and forested, and made a home for the birds, other animals and many different plants.

It made the perfect place for him to study and get to know the nature. He had seen some red-tailed hawks, red foxes, wood turtles and other animals. He also found special native flowers.

Suddenly it was announced that the “empty” land would be improved by a lot of houses on it. The plants would be removed, the animals would run away and most would probably die. Then the wet soil(土壤)would be covered with extra grounds.

When he heard about the news, he was not happy. He was very worried that the land and water would be polluted.

Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area, and how the houses would affect(影响)the local environment. He sent letters to members of local government and television reporters. He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses.

Although he was only 12 years old, he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older. Andrew's teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants, and the environment. Each day after school, Andrew went door-to-door, to ask the people to sign(签名), who did not want the houses to be built. In only one month, he got the signatures of 250 people.

In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there.

Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built, and thus help save the environment.

( )1. The passage is mainly about ________．

A. 250 people who signed to help Andrew

B. a brave boy who cared for the environment

C. the open land that suited animals and plants

D. the research of improving the environment

( )2. The underlined word “oppose” in the passage probably means ________．

A. support

B. dislike

C. disagree

D. prefer

( )3. Andrew was very worried because ________．

A. the animals would be killed

B. new houses would be built on the open land

C. not all the neighbors were going to sign

D. the local government made a right decision

( )4. According to the passage, Andrew ________．

A. was good at going door-to-door

B. got in no touch with the reporters

C. usually acted like a person much older

D. was praised by his teachers and classmates

( )5. We can infer(推测)that ________．

A. the land would remain as it used to be

B. the open land would be built into a park

C. the neighbors would have to move away

D. Andrew would soon work for the government

Passage 3(2018广州)

“Save the whales！” That's what the picture on Jake Smith's bedroom wall said. Jake liked having a picture that said something important that showed he cared. He just never expected to get a chance to save a real whale, one right in his own neighbourhood.

It was a Saturday morning when the newspaper first reported the whales' coming.

A group of the animals were swimming close to the beach in Jake's hometown. All the local people rushed out to the beach to see them. They were expecting a beautiful show, better than a movie, but nothing they'd have to do anything about.

Then one whale swam in their direction, directly towards land. It came in with the waves, and when the waves receded,_it stayed. Its huge body rested on the sand. Suddenly, Jake and his family and all the others were no longer sightseers. They had to become rescuers. A few people ran towards the animal. They pushed and tried to force the whale back into the water, but it was no use.

An animal rescue service team soon arrived in a truck with heavy lifting machinery, to help move the animal. Jake and his family couldn't do much on the beach, so they went back to their house and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers. At least, Jake thought, they could help in some way.

Back at the beach, they offered the food to the rescuers and were happy to see that it was needed. It was getting dark. Some people lined up their cars along the beach and shined the headlights on the sand. The rescuers would not give up. After trying many times they were finally able to lift the whale into the water. Everyone cheered when it headed out to sea. It swam out about a mile and then disappeared for a moment under the sea. Then, in what looked like a jump for joy, it rose high above the water — a thank-you to those who had worked so hard to save its life.

( )1. What does the picture on Jake's wall tell us about him?

A. He lived near the ocean.

B. He cared about the environment.

C. He worked as an animal rescuer.

D. He thought whales were the most beautiful animals.

( )2. Why did the local people go down to the beach that morning?

A. To swim with the whales.

B. To help rescue the whales.

C. To see the whales swimming.

D. To watch a movie about whales.

( )3. The underlined word “receded” in Paragraph 3 means ________．

A. didn't move

B. went back out

C. washed over

D. got up

( )4. How did Jake and his family help save the whale?

A. By calling the rescue service.

B. By asking their neighbours for help.

C. By giving the rescuers food and drink.

D. By controlling the people on the beach.

( )5. In what order did the events of the whale rescue take place?

a. The whale disappeared under the sea.

b. People turned on the light of the cars.

c. Rescuers lifted the whale into the water.

d. Animal rescue service brought its truck.

e. People pushed the whale towards the sea.

A. e－d－b－c－a

B. e－b－c－d－a

C. d－b－e－a－c

D. a－e－b－d－c

Passage 4(2018重庆B卷)

A wild baby bison(野牛) at Yellowstone National Park had to be killed because of tourists.

The tourists thought that the baby bison looked cold. They put it in their car and drove to park ranger(管理员) station.

A ranger described the action of the tourists as a “dangerous move” because adult bisons can look after their babies very well and they will attack(攻击) to protect their young.

Park rangers took the animal from the car and set it free. But, sadly, the baby was refused by its family because it had the smell from humans.

Yellowstone National Park explained on Facebook that the smell from people can cause parent animals to refuse to accept their young. The park tried again and again to make the baby bison live with its parents. After several times they had to give up.

Many people expressed anger at both the tourists and the park.

The park said that they did not have the ability to care for a young bison. They also said that it is “not the task of the park to save animals”．The tourists were fined(罚款) $110 for touching park wildlife. Park rules say that visitors to Yellowstone should stay at least 22 meters away from all wildlife, and at least 90 meters away from bears and wolves.

One ranger said that Yellowstone recently added many safety signs that say staying near the wildlife there is dangerous to humans and animals as well. Those signs are written in English and other languages.

( )1. The tourists took the baby bison to a park ranger station because they thought it looked ________．

A. sad

B. hungry

C. happy

D. cold

( )2. The park ranger described the action of the tourists as a “dangerous move” because ________．

A. the tourists drove in a wrong way

B. adult bisons would attack the tourists

C. adult bisons couldn't look after their baby well

D. the tourists would make the baby bison sick

( )3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The park refused to send the baby bison back.

B. The visitors saved the baby bison.

C. Many people are angry at the bison family.

D. The smell from humans may bring trouble to bisons.

( )4. From the passage, we can learn that ________．

A. we must keep away from any wild animal

B. we should care about wild animals in a right way

C. we'll be fined if we save a bison in the park

D. we'd better write safety signs in many languages

Passage 5(2018泰安)

A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.

Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.

Even so, travel isn't that difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat.

Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there's nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.

Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made ice of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋) melt(融化). Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.

Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be built under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.

( )1. Which is the best way to travel in Venice?

A. The waterways.

B. Taxis and cars.

C. 400 bridges.

D. Boats and rain shoes.

( )2. What doesn't cause Venice to get lower and lower?

A. The ice of the Arctic Ocean melt.

B. Seawater is everywhere around the city.

C. People used too much underground water.

D. The temperature has become higher over the years.

( )3. What can we infer from the last passage?

A. Venice is sure to stop getting lower.

B. High waters won't hit Venice any more.

C. Scientists can solve the problems easily.

D. Some possible ways help to solve the problem.

( )4. What's the best title of this passage?

A. The Places of Interest of Venice

B. The History of Venice

C. The Specials and Problems of Venice

D. The MOST Project of Venice

Passage 6(2018湖州)

In the modern age, human society runs on energy. Most machines need electricity to operate. Humans can not live without electricity even a single day both in their daily life and work. They have many different ways to create electricity. But some ways are harmful to the environment.

For example, fossil fuels(化石燃料) are the most common kind of energy. They include coal, oil, and natural gas. First, people have to dig them from the ground. This can sometimes harm the environment. However, scientists are creating cleaner and better ways to do that these days. So the environment is not harmed as much as before. But when people burn these fossil fuels, they can give off a lot of harmful gases, which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming. This might harm the environment.

Tidal(潮汐) energy is another way to make electricity. This uses the ocean tides to make electricity. But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fish and other sea animals. Also dams(大坝) can create lots of clean energy. But dams create lakes and change the way that rivers run. So they can do great harm to the balance of nature around the lakes and along the rivers.

Nuclear(核) energy is a very powerful form of energy. It is cheap. It is also very clean. But many people are afraid of it because it uses radioactive materials. Also, there have been some very serious accidents in the past which caused great harm both to human and nature. But the technology is much better these days. So many countries are starting to use nuclear energy more.

( )1. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about fossil fuels?

A. They are dug from the ground.

B. They are considered expensive.

C. They hardly harm the environment.

D. They are not widely used in the world.

( )2. From the passage, we know that tidal energy can________．

A. cause serious accidents

B. change the way that rivers run

C. give off a lot of harmful gases

D. kill many living things in the ocean

()3. Nowadays many countries start to use nuclear energy more because________．

A. it's a common kind of energy

B. people are not afraid of it now

C. it's cheap, clean and safer than before

D. people can't live without nuclear energy

( )4. The passage is probably in the part of ________ in a newspaper.

A. health

B. science

C. culture

D. sports

, 小词典)

1． dive v．潜水 2. floating barrier漂浮的栅栏

3． ocean current洋流 4. reality n．现实

5． soil n．土壤 6. affect v．影响

7． sign v．签名 8. bison n．野牛

9． ranger n．管理员 10. attack v．攻击

11．fine v．罚款 12. melt v．融化

13．fossil fuel化石燃料 14. tide n．潮汐

15．dam n．大坝

16．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的

专项训练十自然与环保

Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一位名叫Boyan的年轻人如何实现自己的梦想，同时呼吁人们要保护海洋。

1.B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Boyan决定在哪里清理海洋？根据第三段前三句“When Boyan was 16, he went diving (潜水) in Greece...The boy made up his mind to clean up th e ocean.”可知是在希腊。故选B。

2.C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段中the waste的意思是什么？根据第三段倒数第二句中“make the plastic bags come together”与“collect the waste”为同义转换，可判断the waste是指The plastic bags，故选C。

3.A【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：The Ocean Cleanup可能是什么？根据第四段最后两句“In 2013, he set up The Ocean Cleanup. Together with scientists, engineers and volunteers, the young man is working...”可推知这是一个由科学家、工程师和志愿者组成的团体，致力于清理海洋垃圾。故选A。

4.A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们。根据文章第一段“Let's clean up the ocean together！”以及后文描写Boyan为清洁海洋所做的努力；同时结合最后一段呼吁大家加入到清洁海洋的队伍中，可知作者在呼吁我们为清洁海洋做出贡献。故选A。

Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述一个12岁男孩Andrew如何保护他周围的环境的故事。

1.B【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要关于。本文主要讲述Andrew是如何保护环境，如何保留这块开阔的场地的，故选B。

2.C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：文章中划线单词“oppose”的意思可能是。根据第五段第一句“Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area, and how the houses would affect(影响) the local environment.”可知他是不同意在这片空地上建造房子的，故此单词的意思和disagree相近，故选C。

3.B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Andrew非常担心，因为。根据第三段第一句“Suddenly it was announced that the ‘empty’ land would be improved by a lot of houses on it.”和第四段第一句“When he heard about the news, he was not happy.”可知Andrew 真正担心的是在这片空地上盖房子后动物们将迁移走，植物将被移除，土壤也会被破坏。故选B。

4.D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，Andrew。根据倒数第三段第二、三句“Andrew's teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired...”可知D项符合题意。故选D。

5.A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我们可以推测。根据倒数第二段“In the end, the land

remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there.”可知A 项正确。故选A。Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jake和家人、邻居帮助营救人员把搁浅的鲸鱼救回大海的故事。

1.B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：Jake墙上的图片告知我们关于他的什么情况？根据文中第一段第二句“Jake liked having a picture that said something i mportant that showed he cared.”可知选项B与之相符。故选B。

2.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：那天上午为什么人们到海滩上去？根据文中第二段后三句可知选项C符合题意。故选C。

3.B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段中划线单词“receded”的意思可能是。根据第三段第二句和第三句可知，此处表达退潮后，鲸鱼搁浅，因此划线单词表示(海水)退去。故选B。

4.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：杰克和他的家人怎样救的鲸鱼？根据第四段中“Jack and his family couldn't do much on... and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers.”可知杰克和他的家人为营救者提供吃喝。故选C。

5.A【解析】句子排序题。题干意为：营救鲸鱼的事件发生的顺序是什么？通读全文可知鲸鱼最终获救游回到大海。故a位于句末，营救人员到达之后，人们打开灯为营救人员照明，故d位于b之前。故选A。

Passage 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文中主要讲述了几位游客因为觉得小野牛冷，就用车把它载到了公园管理站的故事。文章告诉我们：我们应该以一种正确的方式关心野生动物。

1.D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：游客们带这头小野牛去公园管理站是因为他们认为它看起来。根据第二段第一句“The tourists thought that the baby bison looked cold.”可知是因为游客们认为这头小野牛看起来冷。故选D。

2.B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：公园管理员把游客的行为描述为“危险的动作”是因为。根据第三段“A ranger described the action of the tourists as a ‘dangerous move’because adult bisons can look after their babies very well and they will attack(攻击) to protect their young.”可知成年野牛会袭击游客来保护它们的孩子。故选B。

3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据这篇短文，下面哪一项是正确的？根据第四段第二句“But, sadly, the baby was refused by its family because it had the smell from humans.”和第五段第一句“...the smell from people can cause parent animals to refuse to accept their young.”可知来自人类的气味会给野牛带来麻烦。故选D。

4.B【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：从这篇短文中，我们可以知道。阅读短文可知这些游客本意是出于关心这头小野牛，但是因为方式不当，反而给小野牛带来了麻烦。因此我们应该以一种正确的方式关心野生动物。故选B。

Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了威尼斯，近年来由于地下水过度使用使得该城下沉和北冰洋的融化，使得海平面上升。科学家们正在想办法拯救这座特别的城市。1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在威尼斯旅行的最好方式是什么？由第三段第二句“The waterways have always been the best way to get around.”可知在威尼斯最佳的旅游方式是水路旅游，故选A。

2.B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：哪一项不是导致威尼斯越来越低的原因？通读第五段可知，造成威尼斯下沉的原因有两个：一是由于人们过多地使用地下水；二是因为过去几年来全球气温升高，北冰洋的冰融化，导致海平面上升。因此选项A、C、D符合文章事实，而选项B并不是造成威尼斯下沉的原因。故选B。

3.D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：我们从最后一段中可以推断出什么？由最后一段中的

“Scientists are trying different ways... The Italian government has asked...to build the MOST project...”可知这一问题有可能解决的方法。故选D。

4.C【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：文章的最佳标题是什么？通读全文可知，文章介绍了威尼斯的特殊交通方式及这座城市遇到的一些问题，故选C。

Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三种电能的特点和生产方法：化石燃料，潮汐能，核能。

1.A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇短文，下列关于化石燃料下面哪项是正确的？根据第二段第三句“First, people have to dig them from the ground.”可知，人们必须从地下挖掘化石燃料。故选A。

2.D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从这篇文章中，我们知道潮汐能可以。根据第三段第三句“But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fish and other sea animals.”可知潮汐会杀死海洋动物。故选D。

3.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：现在许多国家开始更多使用核能是因为。根据短文最后一段第二、三句“It is cheap. It is also very clean.”和倒数第二、三句“Also, there have been some very serious accidents in the past which caused great harm both to human and nature. But the technology is much better these day s.”可知，现在它便宜、干净，而且比过去更安全。故选C。

4. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：这篇短文可能在报纸的部分。根据短文内容可知，文中主要介绍了电能及产生电能的三种方式，可知这是一篇关于科技的短文。故选B。