华北电力大学科技英语翻译题库
D电力专业英语阅读与翻译(词汇)

LogoAdd Your Company Slogan电力专业英语阅读与翻译阅读与翻译((词汇词汇))华北电力大学 黄 伟OUTLINE •构词法构词法((wording-building)•术语术语(( summary of glossary)•电气工程专业课程名称LogoAdd Your Company Slogan构词法Wording-building返回目录General Introduction专业专业英语词汇和构词方法简介英语词汇和构词方法简介•专业词汇的形成主要有三种情况专业词汇的形成主要有三种情况::•1.借用日常英语词汇或其他学科的专业词汇,但是词义和词性可能发生了明显的变化。
•例如:在日常英语中表示“力量、权力”和在机械专业表示“动力”的power ,数学上表示“幂”,在电力专业领域可以仍作为名词,表示“电力、功率、电能”;也可以作为动词,表示“供以电能”。
在日常英语中表示“植物”的plant ,在电力专业领域中用来表示“电厂”等。
General Introduction专业英语词汇和构词方法简介•2.由日常英语词汇或其他学科的专业词汇,直接合成新的词汇。
•例如:over和head组合成overhead,表示“架空(输电线)”;super和conductor合成superconductor,表示“超导体”等。
•3.由基本词根和前缀或后缀组成新的词汇。
大部分专业词汇属于这种情况。
一般来说,加前缀改变词义,加后缀改变词性。
•例如:词根 develop vt.发达,发展,开发加后缀-ed developed adj.发达的再加前缀-un undeveloped adj.不发达的,未开发的electro-,magneto- 电,磁 electr-, electri-, electro- 表示表示::电,电的•electric adj. 电的,导电的,电动的,电气•electrical adj. 电的,有关电的•electrician n. 电工,电气技师 •electrion n. 高压放电 •electronic adj. 电子的•electromagnetic adj. 电磁的•electromechanical adj. 机电的,电动机械的 magnet-,magneto- 表示表示::磁,磁性磁性,,磁力•magnetics n. 磁学;磁性元件;磁性材料•magnetize v. 使磁化,励磁;受磁•magnetization n. 磁性;磁化强度•magnetic(al) adj. 磁的,有磁性的,有吸引力的•magnetoelectric adj. 磁电的•hydro-,thermo- 水,热hydr-,hydro- 表示表示::水,液,流体(liquid, fluid)•hydraulic adj. 水力的,水压的 •hydroelectric adj. 水电的,水力电气的•hydroenergy n. 水能•hydropower n. 水电,水力发出的电力•hydromechanics n. 流体力学 •hydrovalve n. 水龙头,水阀,液压开关 thermo- 表示表示::热,热电•thermoammeter n. 热电偶安培计 •thermoanalysis n. 热(学)分析•thermobattery n. 热电池(组),温差电池(组)•thermochemical adj. 热化学的•thermocurrent n. 热电流•thermoelectric adj. 热电的•thermoelement n. 热电偶,热电元件im-[前缀],表示否定表示否定,,与…相反相反::不,非•balance 平衡 imbalance 不平衡•practical 实际的 impractical 不切实际的 in-[前缀],表示否定表示否定,,与…相反相反::不,非•accurate inaccurate 不准确的•dependent independent 不受约束的,独立的•flexible inflexible 不灵活的•variable invariable 不变的 ir-[前缀],表示否定表示否定,,与…相反相反::不,非(用于r 之前)•realizable irrealizable 不能实现的•regular irregular 不规则的•relevant irrelevant 不相关的ab-[前缀],表示偏离表示偏离,,脱离或离开脱离或离开::不,无,反,异•end abend 异常结束,异常终止•normal abnormal 反常的,变态的 a-[前缀],表示偏离表示偏离,,脱离或离开脱离或离开((用于s 前)•synchronous asynchronous 异步的;不同时的•symmetrical asymmetrical 不对称的 unsymmetrical mal-[前缀],表示坏表示坏,,错误•conduct malconduct 恶行•development maldevelopment 畸形,变形•distribution maldistribution 分配不公;分布不均•function malfunction 失灵,不能运行un-[前缀],表示不表示不,,未•able unable 不能的,不会的•stable unstable 不稳定的•equal unequal 不相等的,不同的•coordinated uncoordinated 不协调的•balanced unbalance 不平衡的non-[前缀],表示表示::非,无,不•sinusoidal nonsinusoidal 非正弦的•linear nonlinear 非线性的•continuous noncontinuous 不连续的,间断的dis-[前缀],表示表示::否定否定,,相反相反,,不•advantage disadvantage 不利,缺点,劣势•charge discharge 放电;卸载•connect disconnect 断开,分离•order disorder 扰乱(状态),(使)失调•place displace 转移,移置auto- ,re- 自动/自行自行,,重auto- 表示表示::自动•automatic adj. 自动的,无意识的,机械的•automotive adj. 自动的•autoregulation n. 自动调整•autocouple v. 自动耦合•autoreclose v. 自动重合闸 auto- 表示表示::自行自行,,自耦•autoexciting n. 自动调整•autotransformer adj. 自激的 re-[前缀],表示表示::再次…,重…•close 合闸 reclose 重合闸•gain 达到,获得 regain 重新达到,恢复•lay 放置 relay 继电器•set 设置 reset 重新设置•store 存储 restore 恢复,还原-meter ,…计/表-meter [后缀],表示“仪表”,译为译为::……计,……表•ampere ammeter 安培计,电流表•volt voltmeter 伏特计,电压表•watt wattmeter 瓦特计,功率表•var varmeter 乏尔计,无功表Over-,under- 过/在…上面上面,,欠在…下面合成词合成词,,over 在前在前,,表示“过,超”;“在……上面上面,,优越”•load overload 超载,负荷过多•voltage overvoltage 过电压•current overcurrent 过电流•speed overspeed 超速•head overhead 在头上的,高架的 合成词合成词,,under 在前在前,,表示“欠,低”;“在……下面”•load underload 欠载,低负载•voltage undervoltage 欠电压,低电压•current undercurrent 欠电流;暗流,潜流•excite underexcite 欠励磁•ground underground 地下的,秘密的Pre-,预先/前pre- [前缀],表示表示::预先预先,,事先•diction 言语 prediction 预言,预报•condition precondition 前提,先决条件;预处理•arrange prearrange 预先安排•design predesign 初步设计,预谋 pre- [前缀],表示表示::前,在……之前•fix prefix 前缀 postfix 后缀•disturbance pre-disturbance 扰动前件;系数-or ,-e[名词后缀],表示具有特定功能的装置表示具有特定功能的装置,,译为:……机,……器;……装置•generate vt. generator n. 发电机•compress vt. compressor n. 压缩机•motion v. motor n. 发动机,电动机•regulate vt. regulator n. 调节器;调整器•compensate t. compensator n. 补偿器•control vt. n. controller n. 控制器•excite t. exciter n. 励磁器•condition vt. conditioner n. 调节装置 •reclose vt. recloser n. 自动开关(装置), 自动重合闸 •rotate t. rotor n. 转子•static adj. stator n. 定子件;系数-or ,-e[名词后缀],表示某种电路元件表示某种电路元件,,译为译为::……器;……元件•conduct vt. conductor n. 电导(导体)•capacity vt. capacitor n. 电容器•react vi. reactor n. 电抗器•resist vt. resistor n. 电阻元件•induct v. inductor n. 电感元件 -ance [名词词尾],表示某种物理量或相关系数•resistance n. 电阻•inductance n. 电感•capacitance n. 电容•conductance n. 电导•reactance n. 电抗•susceptance n.电纳 •impedance n.阻抗•admittance n.导纳Co-;inter-, 共同共同;;交互 co-[前缀],表示:共,同,相互相互,,联合•exist coexist 共存•operate cooperate 合作,协作•efficient coefficient 共同作用的;系数•relation correlation 相互关系,相关(性)inter-[前缀],表示:交互交互,,相互•action interaction 交互作用,交感•connect interconnect 相互连接•net internet 国际互联网•tripping intertripping 联锁跳闸magni-,meg(a)-,巨大巨大,,micro-微小magni- 表示表示::大,长•magnification n. 扩大,放大倍率 •magnifier n. 扩大镜,放大器•magnitude n. 大小,幅度;数量,巨大,量级 meg(a)- 表示表示::大,巨大巨大;;megalo- 表示表示::巨大巨大,,扩大•megaphone n. 扩音器,喇叭 •megacity n. (人口超过100万的)大城市 micro- 表示表示::极微小极微小,,仪器或工具用以扩大者•microcircuit n. 微电路•microcomputer n. 微机•microelement n. 微型元件,微量元素•microwave n. 微波•microphone n. 扩音器,麦克风词性不变词性不变,,词义改变•bank 本义:银行 转义:……组capacitor bank 电容器组,reactor bank 电抗器组•live 本义:活的 转义:带电的 live line 火线•outage 本义:储运损耗 转义:断电,电力临时停供•plant 本义:工厂,车间 转义:电厂 thermal plant 热电厂•utility 本义:效用,有用 转义:公共事业单位,如电力公司•grid 本义:网格 转义:电网•footprint 本义:足迹 转义:(设备)占地面积•tie 本义:带子,系,打结 转义:联结,联络线•reactive 本义:反作用的 转义:无功的•active 本义:积极的 转义:有功的,悠源的•passive 本义:被动的 转义:无源的•field 本义:领域 转义:电场,磁场;现场field current 励磁电流 field effect 场效应 field test 现场测量词性变化词性变化,,词义相关•monitor n. 本义:监控器 v. 转义:监控• to monitor the power quality •charge n. 本义:电荷 v. 转义:充电• to charge a capacitor 给电容充电 词性变化词性变化,,词义改变•station n. 本义:岗位,……站 v. 转义:值班,值守•power n. 本义:电力;功率 v. 转义:供电,激励LogoAdd Your Company Slogan术语summary of glossary返回目录•电力系统 (electric)power system •power generation 发电•transmissionsystem(network) 输电系统(网络)•distribution system 配电系统•发电 powergeneration•power plant 发电厂•powerhouse 发电站•hydropower plant 水力发电厂•nuclear plant 核电厂•thermal plant 热电厂•fossil-power plant火电厂•负荷分类 loadclassification •industrial loads 工业负荷•residential loads 居民负荷•commercial loads 商业负荷•拓扑结构 systemtopology•radial system 辐射状系统•loop system 环状系统•network system 网状系统•水电hydropower •hydropower 水力发出的电力•hydroelectric power 水力发电•water power 水力•( pumped storage facility 抽水蓄能电站)•化石燃料 fossilfuel•coal 煤•oil,petroleum 石油•gas,natural gas 天然气•热电厂thermal plant •fossil fuel plant 化石燃料电厂•coal-fired plant 燃煤电厂•steam-turbine plant 蒸汽轮机电厂•gas-turbine plant 燃气轮机电厂•核反应nuclearreaction•neclear fission 核裂变•neclear fusion 核聚变•fast breeder reaction 快速中子反应堆 (FBR)•pressure-water reaction 压水堆(PWR)•boiling-water reaction 沸水反应堆 (BWR)•high-temperature gas reaction 高压燃气应堆 (HTGR)•电力变压器 electricpower transformer •unit transformer (机端)单元变压器•substation transformer 变电站变压器•distribution transformer 配电变压器•interconnection transformer 联络变压器•变压器绕组 windings •primary winding 一次绕组,原边绕组•secondary winding 二次绕组,副边绕组•(ULTC Under-Load Tap Changing 有载调节分接头)•变压器损耗 power loss in transformers•hysteresis loss 磁滞损耗•eddy-current loss 涡流损耗•变压器压器中的电流中的电流currents intransformers •magnetizing current 磁化电流•circulating current 环流•eddy-current 涡流•exciting current 励磁电流,激磁电流•电学定律•Faraday’s law 法拉第定律•Kirchhoff’s current law 基尔霍夫电流定律•标么(值) Per Unit •per unit value (p.u.) 标么值•base value 基值•reference value 参考值•actual value 实际值,有名值•percent value 百分值,百分数•功率构成 power •apparent power 视在功率•active power 有功功率•reactive power 无功功率•静态负荷特性 staticloadcharacteristics •constant power 恒功率•constant current恒电流•constant impedance恒阻抗•负荷分类 loadclasses•industrial loads 工业负荷•residential loads 居民负荷•commercial loads 商业负荷•agricultural loads 农业负荷•mining loads 矿业负荷•馈电线路 feeders •primary feeders 一次馈线•subtransmission feeders 中高压馈线•distribution feeders 配电馈线•供电线路形式•single-phase three-wire 单相三线(制)•three-phase four-wire 三相四线(制)•系统运行方式•large mode 大方式•small mode 小方式•负荷状况 loadstatus•heavy loads 重负荷•light loads 轻负荷•电机 electricmachines •alternating current machines 交流电机•direct current generators 直流发电机•induction machine 感应电机•asynchronous machine 异步电机•synchronous machine 同步电机•电机的部件 parts inelectricmachines•rotor 转子•stator 定子•armature 电枢•断路器 circuitbreakers•oil circuit breakers 油断路器•air circuit breakers 空气断路器•vacuum circuit breakers 真空断路器•SF6 circuit breakers 六氟化硫断路器•bus section circuit breakers 母线分段断路器•bus tie circuit breakers 母联断路器•开关 switches •disconnecting switches 隔离开关•isolating switches 隔离开关•recloser 重合闸设备,自动开关•relay 继电器•变换器transformers (互感器感器))•current transformer 电流互感器•voltage transformer 电压互感器potential transformer•保护与护与后备后备protection and backup•main protection 主保护•primary protection 主保护•backup protection 后备保护•故障位置 faultpositions•internal fault 内部故障•external fault 外部故障•过电压 overvoltage•external overvoltage 外部过电压•lighting overvoltage 雷电过电压•internal overvoltage 内部过电压•switching overvoltage 操作过电压•工频 powerfrequency•power frequency 工频,电源频率•main frequency 工频•line frequency 工频•supply frequency 供电频率•working voltage frequency 工作电压频率•变电站 substation •transmission substation 输电变电站•distribution substation 配电变电站•电压等级变化transformation ofvoltagelevel(class)•step-down substation 降压变电所•step-up substation 升压变电所•输电线transmissionline•overhead line 架空线•power line电力线•cable 电缆•bus, busbar 母线,节点•feeder 馈电线路•线路参数 circuitparameters •resistance 电阻•inductance 电感•capacitance 电容•conductance 电导•impedance 阻抗•admittance 导纳•reactance 电抗•susceptance .电纳•电路元件连接方式•series 串联,in series with •shunt 并联,旁路(bypass,parallel),in parallel with•回路系统 circuitsystems•single circuit system 单回路系统•double circuit system 双回路系统•扰动 disturbances •disturbance 扰动•fault 故障•contingency 意外事故•perturbation 动摇,混乱•故障分类 types offaults•short circuit 短路•open circuit 开路•permanent fault 永久故障•temporary fault 临时故障,短时故障•对称分量symmetricalcomponents •positive-sequence 正序•negative-sequence负序•zero-sequence 零序•稳定性分类 types of stability•steady-state stability 稳态稳定性•dynamic stability 动态稳定性•transient stability 暂态稳定性•small-disturbance stability 小扰动稳定性•synchronous stability 同步稳定性•angle stability 功角稳定性•voltage stability 电压稳定性•无功补偿 reactive power compensation •passive compensation 无源补偿(被动补偿)•active compensation 有源补偿(主动补偿)•synchronous compensator 同步补偿器•static compensator 静止补偿器•算法 method•iterative technique 迭代法•Gauss iteration 高斯迭代法•Gauss elimination method 高斯消去法•Newton-Raphson’s method 牛顿拉夫逊法•Gauss-Seidel method 高斯塞德尔法•Fast decoupled load flow method 快速解耦法(即PQ分解法)•Abbreviations 缩写•EMS Energy Management System 能量管理系统•EMF(e.m.f.) Electromotive Force 电动势•MV Middle Voltage 中压•HV High Voltage 高压•EHV Extra High Voltage 超高压•UHV Ultra High Voltage 特高压•RMS(rms) Root Mean Square 均方根•LTC Load-Tap-Changing 有载调分接头•HMI Human-Machine Interface 人机接口LogoAdd Your Company Slogan电气工 专业课 语 称返回目录电气工程专业课程英语电气工程专业课程英语名称名称•电路(上) electrical circuit (I)金工实习 machinery practice电机(上) electrical machinery (I)电工实验与测试 electrical experiment & test 电路(下) electrical circuit (II)电子综合实践 integrated electronic practice 信号与系统 signal & system电子技术基础(模拟) fundamentals of electronic (analog)电磁场electromagnetic field电子技术实验 electronic experiment(I)电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(I)发电厂动力工程基础 Heat power engineering in generating plant 企业管理 enterprise management电力电子课程设计 Power electronics course design 电气主系统electrical system principle•高压电器 high-voltage apparatus电机(下) electrical machinery (II)微机原理 microcomputer principle电子技术基础(数字) fundamentals of electronic (digital)自动控制 automatic control theory电力系统分析 electric power system analysis电子技术基础实验electronic experiment(II)电气主系统课程设计 electrical system principle-course design 电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(II)通信与计算机网络 communication & computer networks电力系统继电保护 electric power system relaying电力系统远动技术electric power system remote protocol生产实习productive practice继电保护课程设计 electric power system relaying-course design 电力电子技术 power electronics电力系统自动控制 electric power system control & automation•高电压技术 High voltage engineering变电站自动化 substation automation电力经济 electric power system economics电能质量控制 electric power quality control配电网自动化 distribution system automation电力系统新技术 new techniques on electric power system 控制电机 electrical machine control调度自动化与能量管理 energy management & automation 灵活交流输电系统 flexible AC transmission system计算机保护 computer protection电力系统电磁兼容 EMC in electric power system毕业实习graduation practice毕业设计graduation dissertation计算机文化 Introduction of Computer Technology微机原理与接口 Principle of Microcomputer and Interface 软件工程 Software Engineering现代化学导论 Introduction to Modern Chemistry现代生物学导论 Introduction to Life science•计算机绘图基础 Fundamentals Graphics With Computer 数字信号处理 Digital Signal Processing基本电路理论 Basic Circuits Theory基本电路理论实验 Basic Circuits Experiment电子技术 I,II,III Fundamentals of Electronics Technology I, II, III 电子技术(I,II,III)实验 Experiment in Fundamentals of Electronics Technology电力电子技术基础 Fundamentals of Electronics Power Technology 电机学 Electrical Machinery Theory电机学实验 Experiments in Electric Machinery Theory自动控制理论 Automatic Control Theory电气工程基础 Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering专业外语 Professional English计算机通信与网络 Computer Communication and Network数据库应用基础 Fundamentals of Database Applications电磁场概论 Introduction to Electro-Magnetic Field微机控制技术及应用 Microprocessor Control Technology andApplications•现代电气检测技术 Modern Technology Electrical Monitor and Measurement Theory发电技术 Power Generation Technology现代电力系统管理 Modern Power System Management计算机继电保护 Microcomputer-Based Relaying Protection电气设备的绝缘检测与故障诊断 Insulation Diagnostics and Troubl-Shooting for Electrical Installations电力系统规划 Power System Planning可编程控制器原理及应用 Principles of PLC (Programmable logic Controller) And Application高电压新技术 New of High-Voltage Technology介质工程与光纤技术 Medium Engineering and Optical FiberTechnology现代电气技术讲座 Modern Electrical Technology电磁场数值计算 Numerical Computation of Electro-Magnetic Field•人工智能基础 Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence 电力系统继电保护 Relay Protection of Power System电力系统自动装置原理 The Principle of Electric PowerSystem Automatic Equipment高电压试验技术 High-Voltage Testing Technology电机控制技术 Control Technique of Electrical Machinery电力系统暂态分析 Transient Analysis of Power System电磁兼容技术 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Compatibility 电机设计 Design of Electrical MachineryCAD技术基础 Fundamentals of CAD电力系统潮流计算机分析 Computer Analysis of Power Flow电力通信系统及调度自动化 Power System Communication and Dispatching AutomaticAdd Your Company SloganLogo。
2015年华北电力大学翻译硕士MIT考研真题,报录比

16年考研详解与指导西方文化史零散知识点串讲291.特列尔修正案:美国国会1898年通过,禁止美国吞并古巴。
292.鸦片战争:the opium war签订《南京条约》。
293.门户开放政策:open door doctrine294.八国联军:英、美、德、法、俄、日、意、奥。
《辛丑条约》boxer protocol。
295.三国同盟:triple alliance指德、意、奥。
三国协约:triple entente指英法俄。
296.威尔逊的中立政策neutral policy297.《九国公约》:华盛顿会议,确认中国为独立主权国,领土完整应受到各国尊重,中国实行门户开放政策,所有国家在华机会均等。
298.宪法第19条规定妇女有选举权。
299.猴子审判:斯科普斯。
300.罗斯福:“四大自由”(言论和表达的自由,宗教信仰自由,不受贫困之苦,不担心受迫害),睢一连任超两届的总统,《大西洋宪章》,联合国,支持二战后中国收回台湾,支持中国成为联合国安理会常任理事国。
睦邻政策good neighborhood policy301.金本位制:gold standard302•产联:CIO,congress of industrial organization303.《凡尔赛条约》:1919年,惩罚德国。
304.卢沟桥事变:the marco polo bridge incident揭开了中国全面抗日战争的序幕the all-round war of resistance against japan。
305.《慕尼黑协定》1938年,英法德。
306.《租借法案》罗斯福,the lend-lease bill307.轴心国:二战时的德意日联盟。
308.势力范围:spheres of influence309.曼哈顿工程:二战期间美国秘密研制原子弹计划。
310.雅尔塔会议:1945年罗斯福、丘吉尔和斯大林,是在没有中国代表出席的情况下出卖中国利益的暗中交易。
英语科技翻译考试题及答案

英语科技翻译考试题及答案一、单选题(每题2分,共20分)1. The term "nanotechnology" refers to the technology that deals with structures on a scale of ________.A. nanometersB. millimetersC. centimetersD. meters答案:A2. In the context of artificial intelligence, "neural network" is a model inspired by ________.A. human brainB. computer algorithmsC. natural languageD. mechanical engineering答案:A3. The process of converting solar energy into electricity is known as ________.A. photosynthesisB. thermodynamicsC. solar photovoltaicsD. nuclear fusion答案:C4. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a quantum computer?A. SuperpositionB. EntanglementC. DeterministicD. Quantum tunneling答案:C5. The term "biotechnology" is often associated with the manipulation of ________.A. electronic devicesB. living organismsC. chemical compoundsD. geological formations答案:B6. In the field of robotics, "actuator" refers to a component that ________.A. senses the environmentB. processes informationC. moves or controls a mechanismD. stores energy答案:C7. "Internet of Things" (IoT) involves the interconnection of everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data,which is based on ________.A. cloud computingB. artificial intelligenceC. machine learningD. traditional networking答案:A8. The abbreviation "AI" stands for ________.A. Artificial IntelligenceB. Artificial InputC. Advanced InterfaceD. Automated Interaction答案:A9. "Genetic engineering" involves the ________ of an organism's genes.A. removalB. additionC. modificationD. replication答案:C10. "Cybersecurity" is concerned with protecting ________.A. physical infrastructureB. digital informationC. environmental resourcesD. financial assets答案:B二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. The smallest unit of data in computing is called a________.答案:bit2. A ________ is a type of computer system designed to recognize, interpret, and simulate human actions.答案:robot3. In computer science, "algorithm" refers to a well-defined procedure that produces an answer to a ________.答案:problem4. The study of the behavior and interactions of dispersed phase(s) in a fluid medium is known as ________.答案:fluid mechanics5. A ________ is a device that uses light to transmit information.答案:fiber optic6. The process of converting data into a format that can be easily shared or analyzed is called ________.答案:data mining7. "Virtual reality" is a computer-generated simulation of a ________ environment.答案:three-dimensional8. The ________ is a set of rules that defines how data is formatted, transmitted, received, and processed.答案:protocol9. A ________ is a type of computer program that canreplicate itself and often spread to other computers.答案:virus10. "Machine learning" is a subset of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn from and make decisions based on ________.答案:data三、阅读理解题(每题5分,共30分)阅读以下段落,并回答问题。
考研经验分享:华北电力大学(北京)翻译硕士考研真题

报 院校名
录 称
比
推荐参考书
备注
1-庄绎传,《英汉翻译简明教程》外 笔译 9 人,口译 2 人。复试科目:
语教学与研究出版社,2002
科技笔译。分数线一般都是国
2-叶子南,《高级英汉翻译理论与实 家线,15 年 345 分,学费是
践》清华大学出版社,2001
8000/年。
总结所有重点知识点,包括重点概念、理论等,查漏补缺。温习专业课和历年真题,做专业 课模拟试题。 5、四阶-点睛阶段 12 月中旬—考前) 调整心态,保持状态,积极应考。 四、各阶段具体学习计划——以北京外国语大学翻译硕士为例 第一轮:零基础复习阶段(- 6 月) 1)学习目标 目标 1:了解基本的翻译流派和翻译理论 1. Bassnett, Susan。《翻译研究》Translation Studies。上海外语教育出版社.2004. 2. Gentzler, Edwin。《当代翻译理论(第二版修订本)》Contemporary Translation Theories(Revised Second Edition)。上海外语教育出版社.2004. 目标 2:掌握专业技能、培养兴趣爱好,基本了解改专业的知识框架和理念,为下一阶段的 复习夯实基础;平时每周一份南方周末了解社会热点和动向,学会运用所学知识分析社会问 题。 2)学习任务 ①泛读《翻译研究》,《当代翻译理论(第二版修订本)》,建构翻译的理论框架。 ②学习每本教材,需在结合自己的理解绘制知识理论框架图构,建知识体系。 ③学生遇到不理解的问题及时记录,上报教务老师,并与教务教师沟通请教。 ④扩展知识面所需时政新闻 ⑤综合练习:检测前一阶段学习效果配有参考答案自测。 ⑥不要求记忆只要求理解! 3)详细规划
2021华北电力大学(北京)翻译硕士考研真题经验参考书

华北电力大学(北京)——翻译硕士我报考的是华北电力大学外国语学院英语笔译专业。
在准备考研的时候,得到high研和学姐学长的很多帮助,得知录取之后,也决定写一篇经验分享,既为了感谢帮助过我的人,也为了为学弟学妹们提供一点点帮助,希望对他们有用。
不知不觉考研这个伴随了我一年多的字眼已经就这样淡出了我的生活,考完后也偶尔回来看看论坛,考上名校的牛人众多,而我考的学校的英语与之一比则太过逊色,所以也一直犹豫要不要再发一帖,但当初答应过自己,若是考上了一定写些东西来帮助那些正在漫漫考研路上迷茫的学弟学妹们,哪怕能帮到一个人也是值得的,一如论坛当年带给我的方向与动力一般。
我的考研路是从大三上开始的,但其实那半年主要是摸索要考什么专业,我为跨专业做了很长一段准备,但最终反复考虑后还是没有勇气。
也开始接触一些很简单的翻译,因为说实话我从学校开设翻译课中几乎没学到什么东西,都是靠自己从零开始摸索。
然后是寒假,上课,实习,真正决定考翻译是在四月中旬,就差不多是这个时候,然后开始坚持自习。
插一句关于自习的事,也有很多经验说过,自习并不在于你每天五点起十一点睡,因为有太多这样的例子,在于效率和坚持,制定适合自己作息的学习时间,然后坚持下去就好。
提一下我的时间安排,我从暑假算是正式步入正轨,我是个嗜睡如命的人,所以每天能八点坐在教室已经不算易事,上午8-12四小时左右,下午3-6,晚上7-9:30,每天学习时间大约十小时,但要坚持下去,一周歇一天调整自己。
关于择校问题,要理性定位,考名校竞争激烈,要权衡得失,每个人的情况不同,但也永远不要低估自己的潜力!我开始想考的并不是这里,有一所情有独钟的学校,但自己对能否考上很没信心,一直纠结到十月底报名截止前几天才决定放弃它报华电,好友的一个问题让我做了决定,就是“你今年考不上研和你考不上你情有独钟的学校比,哪个结果你更难接受?”我本人是极不想再战一年的,所以即使最终放弃了那个学校留了遗憾也没什么可后悔的,因为选择哪条路都要承受它相应带来的喜悲。
华北电力大学学位英语考试试题

华北电力大学学位英语考试试题Part I Dialogue Completion (10 minutes, 10 points)Directions: In this section, there are 3 dialogues with 3 or 4 blanks, each followed By four choices marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the choices that best suits the situation until the dialogue is complete. With Dialogue One and Dialogue 7ivo, one choice will be left unused. With Dialogue Three, all the choices will have to be used. Mark your answer on the Answer sheet with a single bar through the centre of the letter that indicates your choice.Dialogue OneM: Have you got a pamphlet(=FBB )about Chinese customs?W: No, I’m sorry. 1 .M: When will you get more?W: If you come back after lunch, I will have one for you.2 .M: Thank you. I'll come back later. Can you recommend a restaurant near here?W: Yes, I recommend the Royal Dragon. The foods very good there. 3 .M: OK, I'll go there. See you after lunch.A.Here you are.B. I will ask our main office to send more.C. It's only a five-minute walk in Main Street.D. I gave an American tourist the last pamphlet yesterday.Dialogue TwoM : So here we are at the restaurant . Shall I order for you ? 4 .W : Yes , please , Mr Ames.M: 5 Please , have some more . And would you like another drink ?W : That sounds like a good idea. 6A . What you are eating is our national dish .B . The menu is a bit complicatedC . What is the price ?D . But this one is on meDialogue ThreeM: Can you tell me something about Halloween?W:Halloween is a traditional festival in America. Friend and family members will get together and have a great party to celebrate.M: 7 .Anything special?W: There are many haunted houses during Halloween.M: Really? 8 . It must be scary.W: In fact, they are not haunted.M: I know that.There are just people there who pretend to be ghosts. However, I don't like that kind of thing.W: 9 Visiting a haunted house is one way. 10M : Yeah, some of my friends love horror movies.A.Some people enjoyed being scared.B. I've never been to a haunted house.C. We know that already.D. Another way for people to get scared is to go on a roller coasterPart2 Reading Comprehension (35 minutes, 40 points)Passage OneIt has been a widespread belief that the American family is dying. But a new study reveals that the American family is stronger than ever. This study affords surprising evidence of the persistence of American commitments to family life. The American family is changing, not dying. It is becoming smaller, men and women are becoming more equal, and the divorce rate is higher. But despite the high divorce rate, marriage has never been more popular. The majority of divorced people remarry, but only 2% marry more than twice. Most marriages last a long time,and a large proportion of divorces are from teenage marriages. Depending on the specific situation, there’s often good reason for teenage marriages to break up. There is no evidence that children receive less attention from mothers who work outside the home than from mothers working inside the home. So far the amount of education al or development time hasn’t varied very much, whether or not the mother works outside the home. In fact, working mothers try to make up for it by setting aside time only for their children. The study shows that television is by far the most significant new childcare arrangement of this century. The most important activity for children up to age 14 is watching television. School is the second most time-consuming activity for children. They spend an average of about 19 hours a week in school. A larger proportion of children go to school now than ever before, and they stay in school longer. Another big change is that the proportion of very young children in daycare centers (⽇托站) has almost doubled in recent years. Compared with these two dramatic changes in child activity, the changes caused by mothers working outside the home appear very small.11. The main idea of this article is that .A. the American family is dyingB. young people today don't want to get marriedC. the American family is changing, but it is stronger than everD. education has resulted in dramatic changes in the American family12. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Marriage is more popular than before.B. Many divorced people remarry.C.The majority of marriages last long.D.Working mothers devote less time to their children.13 The author of this article believes that .A. the American family is here to stayB children should not watch so much televisionC mothers should not work when their children are smallD teenage marriages should be encouraged14.What is the most significant new childcare arrangement of this century?A. The daycare center.B. Television.C The school.D. Development time.15. According to the writer, which two major factors haveled to the belief that the American family is dying?A. The divorce rate is high and working mothers neglect their children.B. The divorce rate is high and children care more about television than anythingC. Divorces are increasing and many teenage marriages break up.D. Children stay in school longer and mothers have little time to take care of them.Passage TwoMost forest fires are caused by human carelessness or ignorance. Forest fire prevention, therefore, is mainly a problem of creating better understanding of the importance of forests, an awareness of the danger of fire in the woods, and a sense of personal responsibility to safeguard the forests from danger. This is not an easy job.Careless smokers are responsible for thousands of forest fires each year. Many of these are started when cigarette butts(烟蒂) and matches are thrown from automobiles. Others are caused by hunter, hikers(徒步旅⽇者), fishermen, or woods workers who are careless in disposing of their smoking materials. The Forest Service has posted rules in many of theNational Forest that prohibit smoking except in certain designated (指定的)areas. Many of the states have laws against throwing lighted materials from automobiles. The prevention of smoker-caused fires, however, depends upon changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people who smoke in hazardous(危险的) area.The most important natural cause of fire is lightning(闪电). This accounts for 11 percent of forest fires on protected and for the entire nation. In the Western States, lightning causes a much higher percentage of fires than it does in the East. Advances in knowledge of fire weather are helping forest protection forces to know when to be alert to lightning-caused fires. Adequate and well-equipped forces can control them quickly and hold the damage to a minimum. Experiments in "seeding" thunder clouds to control the lightning itself have been in process for many years, but new breakthroughs are needed for any significant reduction in the fires lightning starts.16 . According to this passage,which of the following statements is true()A.Lighting causes more forest fires in the western states than it dose in the east.B.Most forest fires are caused by purposeful destruction.C.The prevention of smoker-caused fires depends on rules.D.People have nothing to do with the lightning-caused fires now.17.Forest fires can be caused by .A.Careless smokers.B. Lightning.C.Thunder clouds.D.A and B18.The phrase "disposing of (line 3, parn. 2) most probably means .A.dealing withB. preparing forC. giving outD. responding to19.According to this passage, in order to prevent forest fire, .A.everyone must be aware of the responsibility to keep the forests from dangerB.people who smoke in hazardous areas should change their attitude and behaviorC. advances in knowledge of fire weather are also importantD.all of the above20.‘’seeding" thunder clouds .A.is an effective way to prevent or control the lightning-caused firesB.is a possible way to prevent or control thelightning-caused firesC. Can reduce the lightning-caused fires to a minimumD.can reduce the damage caused by lightning fires to a minimumPassage ThreeModern mass-production (成批⽇产) methods lower the cost of making goods, and thus give us better values. At the same time, American ingenuity (独创性) and science are constantly at work improving the quality of products. In this way, better quality products at good values are continually being brought to the people of all income (收⽇) groups.As an example of how this works, when facial tissues (⽇⽇纸) were first put on the market in 1924, they were made in limited quantities and sold at 65 cents per box of 200. People liked these facial tissues immediately and began asking for them when they went into different stores. Because there was such a demand for the product, manufacturers began making tissues in larger quantities, their production costs werelowered, so that the cost of tissues went down. In the meanwhile, the quality of facial tissues was constantly improving, because more manufacturers went into the business of making tissues, and each manufacturer strove to make his product better than his competitors'. Today, instead of costing 65 cents, a box of 200 tissues costs around one-third of that price, and they are both softer and stronger.When people are free to compete when they are free to make more things and make them better everyone benefits.21. In regard to the production of goods in greater quantities, the author states that .A.the price of the goods should dropB.the quantity of the goods should improveC.the quality should rise and the price should dropD.the price and quality should both rise22. When the demand for facial tissuesincreased, .A.the supply was quickly shortB.its price roseC.the manufacturers tried to improve its qualityD.more manufacturers went into the business of making tissues23.Improved quality of facial tissues resulted from( D).A. mass-production methodsB. popular demand for a better productC. a decrease in production costsD. competition among manufacturers24.According to the passage we can see that lower prices and better quality occur .A.As a result of the effect of one on the otherB.Always at the same timeC.Independently of each otherD.When the demand exceeds the supply25.The author believes that in a nation where free enterprise (⽇由企业制) exists, manufacturers will produce.A.as much as they likeB.better quality merchandiseC.more than they are able to sellD.both A and BPassage FourIt is obvious that everyone is different and every child has different abilities.One may be good at mathematics; another may be good at languages.Some children like Academic subjects while others prefer to do things with their hands. But thereare a large number of educational theorists who disregard this. They insist that all children be equal and so every child must receive the same education. There is little justification for this point of view, and every examination proves it wrong. So the theorists go further and argue that all examinations are bad because it is unfair and socially undesirable for one child to get more marks in a test than another. There is a great deal of hypocrisy (伪善) and self interest in this argument. All it proves, in my view; is that the theorists are afraid of parents' reactions when their theories are put info practice and shown to be nonsense. I is only natural for parents to want their children to be more successful than others and pass examinations. Of course it is true that forty or fifty years ago a large number of children were prevented from getting a good education because their parents could not afford it. But the children who suffer nowadays are the exceptionally intelligent ones, because they do not receive individual attention. It is therefore quite clear to me that every child should have the opportunity to learn, but each child should be treated as an individual.26.A large number of educational theorists agree that .A. children should be treated differently in educationB. children should be treated equally in educationC. children should get high marks in examinationD. children should not show too much concern for their examination27. The writer thinks that the present educational system .A. makes it impossible for most children to pass the examinationB. benefits only those children who are least intelligent and least hardworkingC. is only recognized and supported by a small number of peopleD. prevents the children with extremely high intelligence from developing rapidly28. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage.A. Children differ from one another in personal abilities and interest.B. All children do not do well in their examinations.C. Parents do not wish to see the theories work well.D. Being economically well prepared, parents expect their children to receive better education.29. It seems that the writer objects to .A. popular and equal education of childrenB. popular but not equal education of childrenC. equal but not popular education of childrenD. neither popular nor equal education of children30. The writer's opinion on the present educational system and the education theories is rather .A. UnthinkableB. CriticalC.positiveD. goodPart3 单选31.He said that he would travel around .A . nowB.the following yearC.two years beforeD. two years ago32.What I have said dose not apply you.A.ofB. anC. toD .on33.This kind of tree is rare; it is found .A.not ; any longerB. not ; nowhereC. not ; anywhereD .not ; everywhere34. It more to live in the city.A. CostsB. expandsC. spendsD.buys35.1 made an mistake in my speech.A. EmbarrassmentB. embarrassedC. embarrassD. embarrassing36. It was on Monday night ()all this happened.A. WhichB. whileC. thatD. as37. If you give up your plan, .A. so will theyB. so they doC. they will soD. So did they38. It suddenly her that she had been wrong all along.A. came throughC.came roundD. came under39. On no account to feed the animals.A. visitors are allowedB. are visitors allowedC. do visitors allowD. visitors allow40.The young man has some money each month in order to buy amount of his own.A.asideB.put upC. put inD. put on41. The project manager forgot about the budget when he presented his planA. completionB. Completedpletingplete42.Have you ever had for hours at a trade fair?It’s exhausting.A. completionB. Completedpleteplement43 China taking part in the table table tennis championship next month. The Chances of a win are good.A . to be B. not to be C. Is D. isn’t44.Why didn't you when I told you the name of the hotel?A. ListeningB.to listenC.ListenD.listened45. If your offer was 10% ,we would order all our goods from you.A. too cheapB. cheap enoughC.so cheapD. cheaper46. we all our products carefully before they leave thefactory.A. ExaggerateB. excludeC. exhaustingD. examine47. I an at the trade fair next week, I look forward to doinga lot of business with new customers.A. SeldomB. WhileC. WhenD. Often48. There are three major delivery companies but the that is the most reliable is DHL.A. NeitherB. soC. oneD. ones49. Good morning, Ms Johnson. I just wanted to tell you that your new glasses ready and you can collect them any time that suits you.A. IsB. areC. have beenD. has been12 hours.50.the time we land at Shanghai Pudong Airport, we will have been flying 12 hours.A.ByB. WhenC. AsD. BecausePaper two 试卷⽇(55分钟)Translation(25minutes,15 points )A young man asked Socrates(苏格拉底), the secret of success. Socrates told the young man to meet him near the river the next morning. They met. Socrates asked the young man to walk with him towards the river. When the water got up to their necks, Socrates took the young man by surprise and ducked him into the water. The man struggled to get out but Socrates was strong and kept him there until he started turning blue. The young man struggled hard and finally managed to get out and the first thing he did was to gasp and take deep breath. Socrates asked, “What you wanted the most when you were there?”The man replied,“Air.”Socrates said, “That's the most secret to success. When you want success as badly as you wanted air, you will get it. There is no other secret.”Writing(30 minutes,15 points)写你层经历的忙碌的⽇天;感受与收获。
高中英语科技论文翻译练习题20题含答案解析
高中英语科技论文翻译练习题20题含答案解析1.The development of artificial intelligence has brought many changes.中文翻译:人工智能的发展带来了许多变化。
答案解析:本句较为简单,“development”是“发展”的意思,“artificial intelligence”是“人工智能”,“brought”是“带来”的意思。
这个句子中没有复杂的语法结构,主要是一些常见的科技领域词汇。
2.Scientists are researching new energy sources.中文翻译:科学家们正在研究新能源。
答案解析:“scientists”是“科学家”,“research”在这里是动词“研究”,“new energy sources”是“新能源”。
句子是现在进行时态,体现了科学家们正在进行的动作。
3.The application of 5G technology is widespread.中文翻译:5G 技术的应用很广泛。
答案解析:“application”是“应用”,“5G technology”是“5G 技术”,“widespread”是“广泛的”。
句子主要描述了5G 技术的应用状态。
4.Robots are becoming more and more intelligent.中文翻译:机器人正变得越来越智能。
答案解析:“robots”是“机器人”,“become”是“变得”,“more and more intelligent”是“越来越智能”。
这个句子体现了比较级的用法。
5.The innovation of medical technology saves many lives.中文翻译:医疗技术的创新拯救了许多生命。
答案解析:“innovation”是“创新”,“medical technology”是“医疗技术”,“saves”是“拯救”。
华北电力大学 农电 专业外语 翻译资料
arc电弧arc-suppressing灭弧的be in phase with与…同相位bare conductor裸导线break up断开Bundle 一捆bulk-power大功率容量base-loading基本负荷breaking down击穿core磁心clearance间隙creepage漏电conductivity导电率circuit breaker断路器cycle周期clear清除、排除Corona 电晕,放电current电流current transformer电流互感器daily load-demand curve日负荷曲线dielectric strength介电强度dam大坝、水坝distribution circuit配电线路deterioration老化、变坏distribution of the electricity配电disconnect switch隔离开关dispatcher调度员energize带电field磁场Film 薄层,膜fuse保险丝、熔断器fusible易熔的feed给…馈电fault故障flashover飞弧、闪络field current励磁电流flash闪光、发火花generato发电机generation of the electricity发电Guyed 牵线式的high voltage line高压线路hydroelectric power plant水电厂installed generating capacity装机容量infinite bus无限长母线intermittent间歇的inherently固有地in series with串联instrument transformer互感器interference干扰、妨碍insulation绝缘interconnection互联Insulator string 绝缘子串load负载low head低位差lightning雷电Lightning shielding 避雷lightning stroke雷击insulator绝缘子loop system环网系统momentary rating瞬时额定值moving contact动触头magnitude幅值、大小moment of inertia惯性矩monitor监视、监测Neutral 中性线network system网络系统nominal voltage标称电压off-peak非峰期overhead line架空线路photovoltaic effect光电效应pollution free无污染的parallel connection并联percentage百分数potential transformer电压互感器primary一次侧phase angle相角peak-load峰荷per unit system标幺制permanent永久的potential电势、潜在的quantitatively数量上restoration恢复rate估算、定额rating额定值rms均方根,有效值reliability可靠性relay继电器remote control遥控removal of fault事故处理ratio变比radial system辐射状系统reclosing重合闸resort求助、诉请Right-of-way 道路用地Shunt displacement current 旁路位移电流Stranded 绞合的(线)Sag 下垂Series compensation 串联补偿Shunt compensation 并联补偿spring弹簧symmetrical对称的stationary contact静触头stand-by supply备用电源scheme方案switchboard配电盘,开关屏swing摆动、摇荡shave削、修整supporting structure支撑结构serve loads为负载供电synchronism同步synchronous speed同步转速short circuit短路transformer变压器tide潮汐trough谷three-phase三相电tank变压油箱transmission line输电线transformation of the electricity变电temporary暂时的transmission of the electricity输电trip circuit跳闸电路transient瞬变过程turn一匝线圈transient stability瞬态稳定度utilization equipment用电设备undervoltage电压不足的void空隙、空洞vacuum真空winding绕组Zero sequence current 零序电流第一单元第一部分1、It may be water in a pond at an elevation above the generating station.它(能量资源)可能是海拔高度在发电站以上的池塘里的水。
2021.3学位英语考试华电翻译与答案
翻译与答案答案对话一翻译M:你有关于中国海关的小册子吗?W:不,对不起。
1 D .M:你什么时候能拿到更多?W:如果你午饭后回来,我就给你来一本。
2 B .M:谢谢。
我一会儿回来。
你能推荐附近的餐馆吗?W:是的,我推荐皇家龙。
那里的食物很好吃。
3 C 。
M:好的,我去那里。
午饭后见。
A.给你。
B.我会要求总公司再多寄一些。
C.在主街步行只需五分钟。
D.昨天我给了一位美国游客最后一本小册子。
对话二翻译M:所以我们到餐厅了。
要我为您点菜吗?4 .BW:好的,艾姆斯先生。
M: 5 A 请再吃点。
你想再来一杯吗?W:听起来是个好主意。
6 DA。
你吃的是我们的国菜。
B。
菜单有点复杂C。
价钱是多少?D。
但这次我请客对话三翻译M:你能告诉我一些关于万圣节的事情吗?W:万圣节是美国的传统节日。
朋友和家人会聚在一起,开一个盛大的派对庆祝。
M: 7.C 有什么特别的吗?W:万圣节期间有很多鬼屋。
M:真的吗?8 . B 一定很吓人。
W:事实上,他们没有闹鬼。
M:我知道那个。
在那里只是那些假装鬼魂的人。
但是,我不喜欢那种事。
W: 9A 参观鬼屋是一种方式。
10 DM:是的,我的一些朋友喜欢恐怖片。
A.有些人喜欢害怕。
B. 我从没去过鬼屋。
C. 我们已经知道了。
D. 另一种让人害怕的方法是坐过山车第一段阅读人们普遍认为美国家庭正在消亡。
但一项新的研究显示,美国家庭比以往任何时候都强大。
这项研究提供了令人惊讶的证据,证明美国人对家庭生活的承诺是持久的。
美国家庭正在改变,而不是死亡。
它越来越小,男女越来越平等,离婚率也越来越高。
但尽管离婚率很高,婚姻却从未像现在这样受欢迎。
大多数离婚的人再婚,但只有2%的人结婚两次以上。
大多数婚姻持续很长一段时间,很大一部分离婚是青少年婚姻造成的。
视具体情况而定,青少年婚姻破裂往往有很好的理由。
没有证据表明,与在家工作的母亲相比,在外工作的母亲对儿童的关注更少。
到目前为止,无论母亲是否在外工作,受教育或发展的时间都没有太大变化。
国家电网公司专业技术人员电力英语水平考试试题库答案解析[第二版]完整
国家电网公司专业技术人员电力英语水平考试题库答案〔第二版单项选择Section11.The orange is too high on the tree.It’s out ofmy reach<伸出手>.I need someone to helpme.2.The city is named after famous president.<这个城市是著名的总统名字命名的>named after短语"命名"3.It took millions of people several years tobuild the Great Wall.4.I have always considered<考虑过的/认为> you my best friend.5.If I take this medicine twice a day, it shouldcure<治愈>my cold..如果我服用此药,一天两次,就应该治愈我的感冒6.It is considerate考虑周到的of you toturn down the radio while your sister is stillill in bed.这是体贴你调低收音机,你的妹妹还在床上生病。
7.It’s not quite certain 肯定that he will bepresent at the meeting.这不是肯定的是,他将出席会议8.It was natural <自然>that he count<计算>the days before going home.9.when she saw the clouds<乌去密布> shewent back to house to fetch<取> herumbrella<伞>.10.The metals which we find in the earthinclude<包括> iron , lead and copper.在我们地球上发现金属包括有铁,铅和铜11.Your hair needs to be cut<剪> ;would youlike me to do it for you..12.It was difficult难to guess猜测what herreaction反应to the news消息would be.13.Contrary相反to your prediction预言,they lost the game..14.We say that a person has good manners ifhe or she is polite , kind and helpful toothers.我们说一个人具有良好的风度,如果他或她是有礼貌,善良和乐于助人。
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2018<科技英汉互译教程>上篇期末考试范围P.23例2This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves specialconsideration. 这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中,因此值得专门考虑一下。
P.24 例3If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive.如果这一反应要花费数小时,而不是几秒钟,燃料费就太高了。
例7Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away.(如果)把蓄电池放在干燥的地方,就不会漏电。
这种句式中,祈使句表示条件,and后面的句子表示结果,可译为“如果……,就……”,或者“……就”。
P.25例12In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖握、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
例14The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail.太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化,将它向外拉牵,扯出一条长尾。
译文中将分词短语译成了动词并列式分句(或后续分句),即在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的并列动词,用逗号隔开。
P.26 例17The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction.用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦,会大幅度减少摩擦力。
例20An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquiredfrom the study of a representative particular science.要了解科学研究最本质的特点,最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。
P.27 例23The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where duringthe long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth.月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界,是一片多山的不毛之地。
在酷热的白昼,太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰,而浸长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。
原句中含有4个分句:由关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰a world;介词on+关系代词which引导的定语从句,修饰a world的同位语a sterile mountainous waste;关系副词where 引导的定语从句,也修饰a sterile mountainous waste;so…that引导的结果状语从句。
例24Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers,operating withnumbers,and giving the result in numerical form.计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。
原句中有三个介词,其中介词for省略不译。
P.29 例29The ON condition makes the data equipment ready to the communication equipmentto be connected to the communication channel.数据(存储)设备在接通状态时通过通道与通信设备连接。
原句中的on指设备的接通状态,使句子形象、简洁,很容易理解。
例30Then the surgeon cut him open and took out the appendix and stitched him up again医生切开他的腹部,制除了阑尾,又把他腹部缝好。
原文中使用him以全部代替部分,译为“他的腹部”为妥。
P.30 例32It is very much like communicating with an accurate robot who has a very small vocabulary and takes everything literally.这就像和一丝不苟的机器人说话,机器人只有很少的词汇,而且你怎么说他就怎么做。
原句中的robot是无生命的机器,不是人,在此采取拟人手法,用副词literally修饰,生动、形象。
P.32 例5Design is a series of operations involvedin taking a product from a conceptual stage to a formthat meets both company goals and customer expectations.设计是一系列的操作,包含该产品从构思阶段到同时满足公司目标和客户期望的结构样式。
例8After the spring has been close to its solid height,the compressive force is removed.弹簧被压缩到接近并紧高度(压并高度)之后就没有压力了。
原句中solid height的意思在汉译时做了技术性引中,翻译为“并紧高度”。
P.33例12Dimensioning is a complicated work and long experiences are required for the mastering of it.尺寸标注是一项复杂的工作,需要有长期经验才能完成。
英语中的动名词是由动词变形而来的,其动作性已经高度抽象化,在汉译时应该增加表动作的动词。
原句中的dimensioning就是抽象化了的动名词,在翻译时增加“进行”二字。
例14Semiconductors devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed up time.半导体器件没有灯丝,因此不需要加热功率或加热时间。
原句中的heaters属于重复性词语,在汉译时省略了heater。
例15The diameter and the length of the wire are not the only factors toinfluence its resistance.导线的直径和长度不是影响电阻的唯一因素。
原句中的物主代词its在汉译时省略,属于省译法。
P.34 例20As noted previously,the catalyst in the first reactor can be divided into two beds,with an intermediate liquid quench,where high reactivity of the charge makes close temperaturecontrol mandatory.前面已经指出,在电荷具有很高反应能力而必须严格控制温度的场合,第一反应器中的催化剂可以分为两层,并在中间采用液体冷却。
原句中斜体部分是where引导的地点状语。
英语中习惯将状语放在句子后面,而汉语则恰恰相反,因此,汉译时语序进行了调整,状语从句位于句首。
例21These waves,which are commonly called radio waves,travel with the velocity oflight.这些电波一般以光的速度进行传播,它们通常被称为无线电波。
汉译时调整了which引导的非限制性定语从句的位置,将其放在句末单独成为一个小分句,对前面的内容进行补充。
例22To picture the stress state, select the original a reference system at the center of thecontact area with x parallel to the cylindrical axes, y perpendicular to the plane formed by the twocylinder axes, and z in the plane of the contact force.为描述应力状态,选择参考坐标系,原点选在接触面的中心,x轴平行于圆桂体的轴线,y 轴垂直圆柱体轴线所形成的平面,z轴处于接触力所在的平面上。
2018<科技英汉互译教程>中篇期末考试范围中篇第一章P.42 例5The new medicine will expire in 2 years.新药的有效期为两年。
例10The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能P.43 例17This experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the best processing route.对确定最佳工艺流程而言,这次实验是绝对必要的。
例20Employers by and large are resistant to mediation.从总体上说,雇主是抵制调解的。