商务英语写作的简洁礼貌原则及写作技巧

商务英语写作的简洁礼貌原则及写作技巧
商务英语写作的简洁礼貌原则及写作技巧

商务英语写作的简洁礼貌原则及写作技巧

(0)商务英语写作的简洁礼貌原则及写作技巧:商务信函在国际商务中扮演着极其重要的角色。为了写出成功的信函,在写作时应严格遵守并且灵活运用7“C”原则。本文通过详细的例证,阐释了商务英语信函写作中应该遵循的简洁、礼貌原则,进一步探讨和揭示了各自的写作技巧。一、引言

随着经济全球化,国际商务的发展日益蓬勃,商务书信的沟通在各种商务情景中扮演着极其重要的角色。“一封好的商务信函有助于促进和发展同客户的关系,在促进达成新的业务方面起着积极的作用”(2003丹尼尔·肯尼迪)。因此,在写作时严格遵守并且灵活运用7“C”原则是必不可少的:Completeness(完整)、Concreteness(具体)、Correctness(正确)、Conciseness(简洁)、Clearness(明晰)、Courtesy(礼貌)和Conscientiousness(诚意)。这七个原则是商务信函写作的最基本的指导原则,在这7“C”原则中,简洁、礼貌原则又是极其重要的两个原则。本文主要研究这两个原则及探讨写作中所能运用的技巧。

二、简洁、礼貌原则及写作技巧

(一)简洁原则及写作技巧

商务信函的写作重点应始终放在“效率”二字上,要做到简洁。简洁就是用最简单的话语准确地表达自己的意思,语言精练,言简意赅。一般不需要礼节性的寒暄,最好是开门见山、直入主题,让对方很清楚地了解你想说什么,轻易地领会你的意图,从而快捷迅速地做出反应。

1.3W 的文章组织结构。一封商务信函的全文结构可以用3W 来表示,即:Why do you write the letter?(fg一部分);What’S the detailed reason?(第二部分);What do you expect your reader to do?(第三部分)。

第一部分(Why do you write the letter?):在信函的一开头就要目的明确、简明扼要告诉读信者为什么要写这封信,如:W ill you please send me information about your dress material# l 23,especially as to its fabric content? I am replying to your letter of April 5 asking US to clear our M arch payment.这样的开头直接提出要求和询问,可以使得读信人立刻知道写信的意图,在读信的时候可以把注意力集中在问题的重点上。

第二部分(what’s the detailed reason?):即叙述事实或者理由来支持信里的第一句。会显出你郑重其事、思想缜密。把所要列

举的事实或者理由合并成最重要的一点或者两点,在不影响清楚准确的基础上越简洁越好。如:We are in urgent need 0f the ab0vP information as the exhibition is to be open next month.简明地向对方解释了需要的原因,没有一句多余的话。

第三部分(What do you expect your reader to do?):结尾是提出要求或者提请注意。不要有任何多余的话,简洁的表达更能突出重点,以便对方对你的来信及信中提到的内容做出及时迅速的处理。如:Thank you in advance for your cooperation.短短的一句话既表达了感谢,又暗示希望与对方合作的意愿。

2.段落要一段一意。在商务英语写作中,我们要小心避免写出“臃肿”段落的信函。写作者应该想尽一切办法给它们“瘦身’’。把较长的段落拆解成几段。一般的划分段落的原则是“一个段落只表达一个意思”(周邦友1997)。

3.句子要避长就短。句子是写作的基础,清楚、简洁的信函是以结构合理、有说服力的句子为基础的。写信要求长话短说,在不影响意思表达清楚准确的前提下,句子越短越好。想要做到句子的简洁,必须做到以下两点:

(1)用简单句代替复合句。如果我们按照意思或者逻辑关系将它

们拆分为一些简单的单句,就能使阅读变得更为简单明了,使读信人更容易理解和把握信函的要旨。如:Regardless of these seniority,all employees who hope to be prompted will continue their education either by enrolling in the special courses to be offered by the ABC company,scheduled to be given all the next eight Saturdays beginning on January 24 or by taking approved correspondence courses selected from a list available in the Staff Development office.这是一个过长的从句,我们可以用项目符号将其改写为简单的句子:Regardless of this seniority,all employees who hope to be prompted will continue their education in one of the tWO ways:● by enrolling in the special courses to be offered by the ABC company,scheduled to be given all the next eight Saturdays beginning on January 24,or●by taking approved c0rrespondence courses selected from a list available in the Staff Development of—flee.

(2)使用简洁的词来代替冗长累赘的短语Wordy:He went to the fair for the purpose of finding a partner.Concise:He went to the fair to find a partner.

4.使用简单高频词汇。写作者在拟就一封商务信函时,要做到以下两点:

(1)用简单常见的短单词代替复杂生僻的词。写作商务信函的目的是为了将信息准确有效地传递给对方,那些复杂生僻的浮华表达不仅使得信函的篇幅显得冗长,而且给读信人有效地理解信息带去麻烦。如:We will endeavor to utilize this kind of computer on approximately March 1 5,SO we place this order of 100 sets.如果此句中的endeavor用try来代替,approximately(大约)用about 来代替,utilize用use来代替。这些替换词较之被替换掉的单词而言,更加常见,是大家都比较熟悉的,对于读信人来说,更加易于理解。

(2)善于运用缩略词和缩略语。在商务信函中我们也可以适当地运用缩略词和缩略语以求精简。一些在电视、报纸、新闻、杂志上频繁出现的、大家都知道的缩略词或者缩略语,我们不妨适当地用在商务信函中。这些缩略词或者缩略语既能使自己的信函显得短小精悍,又能使读信人一目了然。如:表示时问的词:am 或者pm;表示一些大型国际性组织的名称或电器用品的词如WT0 (WorldTrad 0rganization),CD (Compact Disk)等;国际贸易术语就是一种缩略语,在商务信函中使用,简单明了。如:FOB,CIF等。当然,我们不能只求简洁而滥用缩略词和缩略语,并不是所有的缩略词和缩略语都为人们所熟知,所以,在商务英语信函中恰当地使用常见的和人们都熟悉的缩略词和缩略语,可以使得信函更加简洁明了。

(二)礼貌原则及写作技巧

在商务英语写作中,简洁固然重要,但是,我们还需要注意到:要求简洁并不是要使商务信函像电报一样没有一个多余的词。礼貌是国际商务信函的又一重要原则。我们知道,信函的阅读者是一些有生命的、有情感需求的人,他们希望自己的贸易合作伙伴是有文化素养的人。一封彬彬有礼的书信能使你在对方的心目中树起一种正直、热情、有良好文化素养和职业道德的形象,使之乐意与你合作。信函的书写在语气和态度上应体现出诚恳和礼貌,以示尊重对方。有时为了显示礼貌与人情味,加上一些词语和句子也属于商务书信写作的一种策略和技巧。礼貌与简洁并不是对立的,而是并存于信函的书写中。问题是写作者要把握好“礼貌”与“简洁”之问的“度”。在写作中,我们应注意以下几个方面:

1.避免使用有性别歧视的词汇。现代社会中,女性在商界所起的作用并不亚于男性,越来越多的女性,尤其是女权运动主义者对含有性别歧视的字眼很敏感。商务信件应尊重你的女性伙伴,尽量避免使用有性别歧视的词语。如:chairman(应为chairperson);在实际写作中,可采用多种方法来避免性别歧视。可使用名词的复数形式如:“Employees must decide for themselves”而不是“Emplyees must decide for himself”;可用第二人称代词“you”代替有性别歧视的

词语如:“You must sell three cars every month”而不是“All salesmen must sell three cars every month”。

2.避免使用否定和命令式的表达。有时使用否定的词或短语常隐含对读者的批评或责备,语气显得不礼貌,不利于商务沟通。商务邮件中应采用具有积极肯定的意义的词语,尽量避免使用否定的表达。因为商务沟通的真正目的是为了提供信息或劝说对方采取有益的行动,解决问题。如:“You did not send US your L/C by the end of the month.”一句中的“did not”就含有责备的语气,暗示对方无能。如果这句改为:“Could you please send US your L/C by the end of this month?”效果就好得的多。

3.适当使用被动语态。有时,被动语态比主动语态显得更有礼貌,因为它避免指责动作的执行者。如可把句子You didn’t enclose the price lists in your letter改成The price lists were not an —closed in your letter。

4.避免使用带有强迫语气的词语。商务信函中,要体现平等,不应出现任何凌驾于对方之上的强迫命令式言辞,否则会失去商业良机。试比较You must visit our office next week和Please visit our office next Tuesday两句,孰好孰坏一目了然。

5.使用“Your attitude”。商务信件的撰写中,要考虑读者的态度。要时刻考虑对方的需求,应淡化“we”而强调“you”,要暂时忘掉自己,为对方着想。如:Your prompt process of this order will certainly help US to serve you better要胜过W e want you to process the order by the end of this month.虽说商务信件中应使用“Your attitude”,但并非千篇一律,有时在指出对方的过失或答复对方抱怨信时,为了不惹怒、冒犯对方,尽量少用“Your attitude”,这样也是为对方着想。

如把You did not send your payment on time改成We haven’t received the payment要更好一些。

6.使用表示感谢的词语。要善于及时并随时表达你的感谢之情。当然,写作时在应用礼貌原则时,很重要的一点就是要把握交际原则,掌握好“礼貌”与“卑恭”之间的度。在语气上既要显出你的热情,礼貌与周到,又要做到不卑不亢,从容自然。

三、结束语

现代商务英语写作趋于简洁,简洁的同时还应注意语气的表达是否礼貌,尽可能用精辟的文笔清楚地表达你要表达的内容,但又不失礼貌。这两条原则是我们从事商务英语写作的基础,是促进发展同客

户的关系、达成新的业务的重要保证。

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