(21)Study on Urban Design for the Development Zone of Harbin
2024届山西省省际名校高三下学期联考三(押题卷)英语试题
2024届山西省省际名校高三下学期联考三（押题卷）英语试题一、阅读理解New York City has many remarkable parks and open spaces that are perfect for hanging out in warm weather. Here are four of our favorite places to take a scenic walk, plus where to eat nearby.Louis Valentino, Jr. ParkDon’t let all of the factories fool you — Louis Valentino, Jr. Park has the best view of the Statue of Liberty. When you get hungry, stop by Red Hook Lobster Pound for mayo-coated lobster (龙虾). Sit at one of the cafe’s first come, first served outdoor tables, or eat on the waterfront.Riverside ParkStretching 4 miles from 72nd to 158th St, Riverside Park is perfect for hanging out along the Hudson River, enjoying beautiful views of New Jersey. If walking the whole way isn’t your thing, there’s a bike path too. Daily Provisions offers fantastic sandwich choices, like juicy chicken and smoked bacon.Central ParkThere are many reasons to walk through Central Park this spring: historic landmarks, great bird watching spots, and hanging out with friends. And while these are enjoyable activities, they’re even better with a pastrami sandwich from Pastrami Queen.Ridgewood ReservoirAt Ridgewood Reservoir, you’ll find an easy hiking spot with a peaceful nature preserve and skyline views of Manhattan. After hiking, head to Rolo’s for various sandwich options. It has outdoor tables but no heaters, so you can take everything to go if it’s too cold out.1．What is the best spot for enjoying views of the Statue of Liberty?A．Louis Valentino, Jr. Park.B．Ridgewood Reservoir.C．Riverside Park.D．Central Park.2．What makes Riverside Park an attractive destination?A．It features a bike path for leisurely rides.B．It provides various sandwich options at Rolo’s.C．It is known for its iconic status and historic landmarks.D．It provides a scenic walk with options for bird watching.3．Where is this article most likely sourced from?A．An online cooking advertisement.B．A local New York City travel guide.C．The lifestyle section of a local newspaper.D．An official tourism design for New York City.Charlie Jeffers, 17, a senior at Redwood High School in Marin County, Calif., has loved Lego since age 4. His room is full of Lego bricks. Noticing his friends start throwing away their old Lego collections, he hatched a plan. “Legos are pricey,” he noted. “Many can’t afford them.” He started collecting unwanted Lego parts from friends and neighbors, spreading the word through community notices and door-to-door visits.The response was surprising. Donations of old Lego sets poured in, propelling Jeffers to formalize his efforts under the banner of Pass the Bricks. Together with a dedicated team of volunteers, Jeffers and his teammates carefully clean, sort, and repurpose collected Lego pieces into imaginative sets. These sets, each with roughly 20 to 60 pieces, are carefully made to create scenes such as blind dates or family photoshoots. Since its start in 2020, Pass the Bricks has made a significant success. With over 3,000 sets donated to date, Jeffers and his team are driven by two purposes: to reduce landfill waste and to provide Legos to children who might otherwise go without. Jeffers stresses the educational value of Lego, emphasizing its capacity to inspire creativity and learning.Pass the Bricks has since expanded its reach nationwide, with volunteers in several states distributing sets to local charities. To ensure each set is presented with care, Jeffers uses donations and personal funds from his job at a gym to purchase affordable cardboard gift boxes online. These sets, accompanied by instructions and a photo of the finished product, are distributed to various organizations and directly to children at local schools.Despite his approaching to college, Jeffers remains devoted to his commitment to Pass the Bricks. He plans to continue and expand the initiative, driven by a desire to share the joy and educational benefits of Lego with as many children as possible. “We’re grateful to share them withthe kids and families we serve,” Jeffers expresses. Reflecting on his own Lego-filled childhood, he acknowledges its profound influence. “I aim to provide others with the same chance,” he emphasizes, echoing his ongoing commitment to sharing the joy of Lego with all.4．What is the primary purpose of Pass the Bricks?A．To generate profit from selling Lego sets.B．To recycle old Lego pieces and reduce waste.C．To compete with other Lego manufacturers.D．To promote the use of Legos in professional settings.5．Which best replaces the word “propelling” in paragraph 2?A．Forcing.B．Preventing.C．Urging.D．Expecting. 6．How does Jeffers ensure that each set is presented with care?A．By relying on community contributions.B．By investing in appropriate packaging materials.C．By securing financial support through various means.D．By distributing with charitable organizations nationwide.7．What does Jeffers hope to achieve by continuing Pass the Bricks?A．Establishing a sustainable company.B．Earning recognition for his dedication.C．Enhancing personal satisfaction and growth.D．Sharing Lego joy with many children and families.If you’re lucky enough to live near forests, you’ll know that it’s cooler under the trees during hot mid-days. Even if you live in a city with more buildings than trees, visiting a local park or garden can help you stay cool.A study from the University of Surrey in the UK found that botanical gardens can make city air cooler by up to 5 degrees Celsius. Wetlands and rain gardens aren’t far behind, cooling the air by about 4.7 and 4.5 degrees Celsius. Trees along streets also help, lowering air temperatures by 3.8 degrees Celsius, while city parks can make it 3.2 degrees Celsius cooler.The paper notes that an air temperature of 40.3℃ (104.5℃) broke records in the UK on July 19, 2022. Some 62, 862 deaths were linked to summer heat across Europe in the same year, whilethe 2003 heatwave in Europe led to an economic loss of €16 billion due to drought and crop failures. According to the IPCC, “green and blue urban infrastructure (基础设施) elements, including parks, engineered greening projects, wetlands, green walls, and botanical gardens, are particularly effective in reducing air temperatures in cities”.We’ve already seen a number of architecture projects around the world employ large amounts of greenery to promote local cooling, along with beneficial landscaping. However, it’s important to recognize that there isn’t one simple solution to suit every site, and much will depend on effective planning.“Our paper confirms just how many ways there are to keep cool,” added Professor Maria de Fatima Andrade at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. "But it also reveals how much work is left to do. Institutions around the world need to invest in the right research-because what’s very clear from our study is that there is no universal solution. It depends on what works for your community.”8．What can we conclude from the first two paragraphs?A．Green spaces help keep people cool.B．Wetlands and rain gardens are less effective.C．Botanical gardens are the best way to stay cool.D．More trees in urban areas mean cooler temperatures.9．Why does the author mention “Europe” in paragraph 3?A．To discuss specific consequences of heatwaves.B．To emphasize the widespread impact of urban heat.C．To illustrate the seriousness of heatwaves with examples.D．To provide context for temperature records and their impacts.10．What does Professor Andrade emphasize about cooling solutions?A．The significance of global research support.B．The variety of cooling methods available.C．The requirement for universal cooling solutions.D．The importance of tailoring solutions to fit local needs.11．What might be a suitable title for the passage?A．The Cooling Power of Urban Green SpacesB．The Economic and Health Impacts of HeatwavesC．Innovative Architectural Solutions for Urban CoolingD．The Role of Botanical Gardens in Urban Temperature RegulationA team of scientists from the Center for Cognition and Sociality and the Data Science Group at the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) made an exciting discovery about how computers and human brains work similarly when remembering things. They found out that the way artificial intelligence (AI) models, like those in smart robots, store memories is a lot like how our brain’s memory center, called the hippocampus (海马体), does it. This part of the brain is really important for feelings and memories.Understanding how AI learns and keeps information is key to making it smarter. The scientists looked into how our brains learn and remember by focusing on a special process involving the NMDA receptor, a critical part of the hippocampus. This receptor works like a smart door in our brain that helps with learning and remembering. It opens when certain brain chemicals are present, allowing the cell to receive signals and create memories. A specific element, magnesium, acts like a guard, only letting substances in under the right conditions.Interestingly, the team found that Transformer, a type of AI model, uses a similar “guarding” method to manage its memory. They wondered if they could make the Transformer’s memory better by copying the brain’s process. By adjusting some settings in the Transformer to mimic (模拟、模仿) the brain’s memory door, they improved its ability to remember things long-term, just like adjusting magnesium levels can affect how well we remember stuff.This discovery is a big deal because it shows we can use what we know about the brain to make AI smarter. C．Justin LEE, a neuroscience (神经学) director at the institute, mentioned that this research was a big step forward for both AI and brain science. It opens up new ways to understand how the brain works and to create more advanced AI based on these insights.So, in simple terms, scientists have figured out that computers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar to us, which could help make them even smarter in the future. 12．What does the term “NMDA receptor” in paragraph 2 most likely refer to?A．A type of computer virus that attacks AI systems.B．A new technology for making computers run faster.C．A component in AI models that predicts future events.D．A part of the human brain involved in learning and memory.13．What did the team discover about Transformer?A．It directly mimics the brain’s memory process.B．It is unaffected by changes in memory settings.C．It uses a special method to manage memory.D．It requires adjustments to enhance long-term memory.14．What is the significance of the research findings according to C．Justin LEE?A．It is a new approach to memory organization.B．It is a crucial step in advancing AI and neuroscience.C．It is a method for improving short-term memory in AI.D．It is a breakthrough in understanding AI emotional processing.15．What is the main idea of the passage?A．Exploring the NMDA receptor in the brain.B．Discussing implications of neuroscience for AI.C．Comparing computer and human memory processes.D．Discovering similarities between AI and human memory.How to Develop Critical Thinking SkillsThere’s no magic method to change your thinking processes. Improvement happens with small, intentional changes in your everyday habits until a more critical approach to thinking is automatic. Here are some tips for building stronger self-awareness and learning how to improve critical thinking:Be careful16 . One of the key principles of critical thinking is asking questions and analyzing the available information. You might surprise yourself at what you find when you stop to think before taking action. Before making a decision, use evidence, logic, and reasoning to support your own opinions or challenge ideas. 17 .Ask open-ended questions“Yes” or “no” questions invite agreement rather than reflection. 18 . Digging deepercan help you identify potential biases, uncover assumptions, and arrive at new possible solutions.Learn to be quietActive listening is the intentional practice of concentrating on a conversation partner instead of your own thoughts. 19 . If you’re brainstorming with your team or having a 1:1 with a coworker, listen, ask clarifying questions, and work to understand other people’s viewpoints. This will help you find weaknesses in arguments for better solutions.Put it downRecording your thoughts with pen and paper can lead to stronger brain activity than typing them out on a keyboard. If you’re stuck and want to think more critically about a problem, writing your ideas can help you process information more deeply. 20 . Ideas are more likely to remain in the background of your mind, leading to deeper thinking that informs your decision-making process.A．Comparing different views helps you learnB．There’s nothing wrong with a little bit of doubtC．It helps you avoid being misled by inaccurate informationD．It involves focusing on details and valuing others’ opinionsE．Try to engage with people who help you develop your ideasF．The act of recording ideas on paper can also improve your memoryG．Instead, ask open-ended questions that force you to engage in analysis二、完形填空One sunny afternoon, Lily found a lost kitten hiding behind a bush. It was mewing with tears. Lily’s heart melted (融化) at the 21 . Without hesitation, she picked it up and held it in her 22 . From that moment on, Lily and the kitten, whom she named Whiskers, became 23 . They spent their days exploring the woods, running after butterflies, and even 24 secrets. Lily would often read her favorite books aloud to Whiskers, who seemed to 25 happily by her side.As the seasons 26 and years passed, their bond only grew 27 . Whiskers grew into a big cat, but his love for Lily remained firm. He was her constant friend, offering28 during her challenging times.One winter’s day, a heavy snowstorm swept through the town, leaving everything 29 in white. Lily, worried about Whiskers being out in the cold, searched 30 for him. After hours of searching, she found him huddled (蜷缩) beneath a tree, his fur was 31 in frost. With tears in her eyes, Lily gently picked up Whiskers and rushed him home. She 32 him in a warm blanket, nestled him by the fireplace, and held him close. As they sat together, lying in the 33 , Lily realized just how much Whiskers meant to her.From that day forward, Lily promised to always value the special 34 they shared. Through thick and thin, they would stand by each other’s 35 , their hearts forever intertwined in a bond of unconditional love and friendship.21．A．cost B．sight C．thought D．event 22．A．pocket B．arms C．fingers D．bag 23．A．strange B．dangerous C．inseparable D．funny 24．A．revealing B．hiding C．inquiring D．sharing 25．A．listen B．laugh C．smell D．sleep 26．A．maintained B．ignored C．escaped D．changed 27．A．unsafer B．farther C．looser D．stronger 28．A．comfort B．fun C．chance D．aid 29．A．colored B．heated C．blanketed D．protected 30．A．pessimistically B．anxiously C．aimlessly D．sincerely 31．A．coated B．dried C．washed D．painted 32．A．wrapped B．grasped C．threw D．pressed 33．A．dream B．rain C．shelter D．warmth 34．A．information B．food C．bond D．duty 35．A．tendency B．side C．head D．life三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
上海市上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2024-2025学年高三上学期英语9月月考试卷(无答案)
2024学年上师闵分高三上英语月考1I. Listening comprehension1. A. At a grocery store. B. At a florist’s stand.C. At a bank counter.D. At an electronic shop.2. A. Sign up for a fitness class. B. Shop for fitness equipment.C. Have a fitness test.D. Watch a fitness video.3. A. Pay the ticket right away. B. Challenge the ticket.C. Ignore the ticket.D. Apologize to the parking officer.4. A. She is available on Saturday. B. She will cancel her dentist appointment.C. She can not cover the man’s shift.D. She forgot about the shift.5. A. The woman had better give him an extension on the deadline.B. The woman had better draft the proposal by herself.C. The woman had better approve the proposal.D. The woman had better give insights on the budget section.6. A. She doesn’t like animals from the shelter.B. She prefers buying pets from breeders.C. She thinks adopting a pet is a bad idea.D. She supports the idea of adopting a pet.7. A. Either of them is an experienced chef.B. Both of them have experienced failures in the kitchen.C. Neither of them are fond of cooking.D. Both of them are concerned about the new recipe.8. A. Bungee jumping is safe.B. Bungee jumping is thrilling.C. Bungee jumping might have risks.D. Bungee jumping is sure to be regrettable.9. A. The man should borrow the book several days later.B. The woman urgently needs the book back.C. The man does not need to return the book quickly.D. The woman is unwilling to lend the man the book.10. A. The woman’s parents will not appreciate a surprise party.B. The woman should prioritize her parents’ preferences for the party.C. The man dislikes the idea of a surprise party.D. The woman should plan a party based on her own preferences.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following speech.11. A. A pupil in need of help. B. A person promising to donate money.C. A member from a charity.D. A teacher in the Semira Region.12. A.10%. B.35%. C.50%. D.65%.(13. A. To train teachers for the disabled. B. To help a pupil with special needs.C. To pay for a walking holiday.D. To organize a charity club for the disabled.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To distract other students from doing well.B. To impress his friends with the shining ring.C. To improve his chances in the exam.D. To honor his grandfather by wearing a ring.15. A. By having enough time for breaks.B. By breaking down learning into portions.C. By informing teachers of the study habits.D. By wearing lucky objects.16. A. Start revision ahead of time.B. Reward oneself during revision.C. Consider different learning styles.D. Stay up late for the exam.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. To inquire about travel recommendations.B. To discuss cultural festivals in Southeast Asia.C. To plan a solo travel adventure to Thailand.D. To learn about Mr. Patel’s travel experiences.18. A. Europe and Africa. B. Thailand and Vietnam.C. South America and Australia.D. Japan and China.19. A. Solely cultural exploration.B. Primarily outdoor adventures.C. A mix of cultural and outdoor experiences.D. Luxurious and private accommodations.20. A. It is ideal for meeting fellow travelers.B. It offers exclusive travel experiences.C. It is a more comfortable and secure stay.D. It offers authentic cultural immersion.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADocumentary Shares Moving Story of POWs’ RescueAs the documentary The Sinking of Lisbon Mar u ended in the British Film Institute’s Southbank theater in London, England on Tuesday, long- lasting applause erupted, and tears welled up in the eyes of many in the audience.The Lisbon Maru was 21 armed Japanese cargo ship that participated in World WarII, and thedocumentary told the lesser- known story of hardship, horror, tragedy, and courage 22 surrounded its sinking while transporting more than 1,800 British prisoners of war, or POWs, from Hong Kong toward Japan.The sinking by a US submarine happened 23 the vessel did not bear a sign indicating it was carrying POWs, who were battened(封住底舱)down below deck at the time and who were left to drown by the Japanese soldiers on the ship.When the Lisbon Mar u went down off the coast of East China’s Zhejiang province on Oct 2, 1942, local Chinese fishermen 24 ( spring) into action, pulling 384 POWs from the water. 25 800 went down with the ship.Fang Li, 26 produced the documentary, said:“ It’s an untold history. We see the bravery of our Chinese fishermen. We hear heart- breaking stories of individual British families, one after another. And we are angered by Japan’s attempt 27 ( cover) up the brutal crime.”Wearing a T- shirt with the coordinates(坐标) 122°45’31.14”E, 30°13’44.42”N, which are those of the 28 (sink) Lisbon Maru, Fang said he first heard about the incident from a ferry captain while shooting another film in 2013. Moved by the story, Fang surveyed the area in2016 and, 29 sonar detectors installed on drones, located the wreck.In the following years, he and his team contacted more than 380 relatives of the POWs and interviewed 120 of them, 30 ( include) the only two British survivors still alive at the time.“While I was doing this, I was totally touched by those young boys, the age of my son. So many of them lost their lives there,” he told the BBC in 2018 after posting adverts in British newspapers seeking descendants of the POWs.Section BA. quicklyB. analyzeC. programmedD. adoptionE. drawbacksF. runG. dramatic H. transform I. distracted J. peacefully K. prospectImagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self- driving. What would it be like to be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the 31 of the place.In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard- Ball looks at the 32 of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are“ autonomous” or self- driving. It’s a phenomenon that’s not as far off as one might think.“Autonomous vehicles have the potential to 33 travel behavior,” Millard- Ball says. He uses game theory to 34 the interaction between pedestrians and self- driving vehicles, with a focus on yielding(让行)at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are designed to avoid risks, Millard- Ball’s model thinks autonomous vehicles may bring about a shift towards pedestrian- oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard- Ball also finds that the 35 of autonomous vehicles may be influenced by their strategic disadvantage that slows them down in urban traffic.“Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,” Millard- Ball writes. Crossing the street, even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are the odds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street 36 , instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded off against theprobability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested in running them down-usually. But there is the chance a driver may be 37 or drunk.Self- driving cars are 38 to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestrians to cross. They could provide the most 39 transformation in urban transportation systems. Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard- Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self- driving cars-avoiding boredom of traffic and traffic accidents-may be outweighed by the 40 of an always play- it- safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.“From the point of view of a passenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with unaccompanied five- year- old children,” Millard- Ball writes.Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian- oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.II. Reading ComprehensionsSection AWhy some brilliant ideas get overlooked?In 1928, Karl Jansky, a young radio engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories, began researching static interference that might obscure voice transmissions. Five years later, after building a large rotating antenna(天线) and investigating every possibility he could think of, he published his remarkable 41 : some of the static was coming from the Milky Way.Jansky’s theory was eye- catching enough to be published in The New York Times but scientists were 42 . Radio signals from outer space? Surely, they were too weak to detect. Jansky’s ideas were largely 43 for about a decade. He died at the age of 44.Thankfully, he lived long enough to see his ideas blossom into field of radio astronomy.Jansky’s story resonates with us: we all like the idea of the researcher who is so far ahead of their 44 that it takes years for the rest of the world to catch up. Gregor Mendel’s research into plant genetics is a famous example-published in 1866, it was only verified and taken seriously in 1900.The stories of Jansky and Mendel hold out some hope to anyone who feels that the world has not quite 45 their brilliance. There is even a name for such cases, coined by Anthony van Raan of Leiden University:“ Sleeping Beauties”, scientific papers that receive almost no citations for years, before finding wide 46 . (Some scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recognition”.)So what is it about an idea that delays recognition? One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked when delivered by obscure messengers. Jansky and Mendel were somewhat detached from (离开) the scientific 47 . In 1970, the sociologist Stephen Col e published an analysis arguing that the obstacle tended to lie in the 48 of the idea itself, rather than the prestige of the scientist behind it. Ideas fell asleep for a hundred years because they were radical, or confusing, or both.It is difficult to be sure. Two scholars of the field, Eugene Garfield and Wolfgand Glanzel, have argued that such 49 of delayed recognition are so rare as to be hard to analyze. Studying papers published in 1980 from the vantage (优势) point of 2004, they looked for articles that were barely cited for five years, then subsequently 50 . They found just 60 examples in 450,000 cases. There are plenty of examples of research that is barely cited; what is rare istheir subsequent popularity.Why, then, is this myth such a compelling one? One explanation, of course, is that we all love a story of the underdog(黑马) who triumphs against 51 . Immediate and sustained success is as boring as immediate and sustained failure.Another is that scientists themselves are fond of the thought that their ideas are 52 . In an essay on delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science, Derek Price, believed one of his own papers was suffering delayed recognition. It is easy to chuckle, but it is also easy to empathize.Delayed recognition is rare. Much more 53 is for people simply to reach their prime late in life. David Galenson is an economist who studies the creative output of musicians, artists, directors and others. Galenson has found that while it is quite possible to 54 as a radical young conceptual artist, there are many examples of“ old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones.We all need to be able to hold on to the idea that the best is yet to come. But it is too tempting to hope that what we have already produced will, one day, be recognized for its brilliance. Good things do not come to those who wait, if 55 is all they do. It is wiser to get back to work and make something better.41. A. paper B. device C. invention D. conclusion42. A. unreliable B. unimpressed C. unsatisfactory D. uncomfortable43. A. ignored B. kept C. criticized D. inspected44. A. mission B. goal C. schedule D. time45. A. caught up with B. taken advantage of C. made good use of D. had a good command of46. A. space B. platform C. attention D. vision47. A. data B. mainstream C. kingdom D. proof48. A. content B. origin C. popularity D. presence49. A. reports B. examples C. letters D. supporters50. A. broke off B. paid off C. switched off D. took off51. A. the authorities B. the wrong C. the opposite D. the odds52. A. underappreciated B. underdeveloped C. underequipped D. underperformed53. A. challenging B. complicated C. common D. difficult54. A. get through B. break through C. make ends meet D. make sense55. A. waiting B. complaining C. thinking D. socializingSection B(A)After some blood tests, Dr Stubs stood before me, a tall man, but short on personality and sporting a cold expression. You have systemic lupus, he said matter- of- factly. “Lupus,” he continued,“ is an auto- immune disease and …”I remember certain details but mostly I remember him talking about children.“ Children are no harm. But childbirth would jumpstart additional symptoms that could be life threatening. You already have two kids anyway.”As I got up to leave, shaken and drained, he said his parting words, “I would discourage any further research. There is no cure and nothing can prevent its progression.”Still, I did research lupus and its symptoms of tiredness and joint pain were both consistent with what I wasexperiencing. And eventually some major organs could be affected, causing shutdown and possibly death.I studied and found out that echinacea had a record in making immune system stronger. I decided that along with the plant I would strengthen my mindset by immersing myself in my family with my one- year- old son and three- year- old daughter.After another visit, I decided never to go back to Dr. Stubs. How could one endure repeatedly hear desperate words coming from an emotionless mouth even though they were truth? The years passed. When I would feel tired and achy I pulled support from my children and their laughter.Finally, after eight years, I went to Dr. Kirstein who was recommended by a friend. She stood there holding my hand and looking into my eyes warmly,“So, let’s talk a little.”Instantly my defenses were down. Before I knew it, she had me running on and on about my children, my husband, my life and dreams. I told her about all the meaningful activities I was involved in, those things I might have never done without the disease.After several follow- up tests, and greater research into my family history, Dr. Kirsteincame came to conclusive answer. I did not have systemic lupus. There must be something wrong with the initial tests 8 years before.I didn’t know whether I should jump for joy or scream because I had been living the last eight years in fear of a fatal disease. But then I realized that I had been living every day, not so much in fear, but in happiness. Every day wasa gift and I knew it.56. Dr. Strubs warned the author against having more children because ______.A. The process of giving birth put her life in dangerB. Taking care of children will gradually worsen her diseaseC. Her disease will threaten the health of her childrenD. She already has enough children57. Why did the author stop seeing doctor Strubs after two visits?A. Because she was not qualified to treat her disease.B. Because he recommended Dr. Kirkstein to her.C. Because his cold attitude upset the author.D. Because she suspected his diagnosis about her disease.58. How did the author deal with the disease?A. She calmly waited for major organs to shut down.B. she took effective medicine regularly to fight the disease.C. She turned to Dr. Kirstein to get cure for the disease.D. She tried to strengthen immune system and drew strength from family.59. Why did the author think every day in the past 8 years was a gift?A. Because systemic lupus was no longer a deadly disease.B. Because she made every day valuable in spite of disease.C. Because she received a gift every day from her family.D. Because she only occasionally felt pain and tiredness.(B)The data behind the push for a four- day weekDe- StressStaff at PerpetualGuardian reportedtheir stress levelsdecreased from 45 percent to 38 per centafter a four- day week.9-New working hours5After the Industrial Revolution, our working day decreasedTHE SLACKERS OF THE G7According to the Office for National Statistics, the UK’s GrossDomestic Product per hour worked is 15.1 per cent lower than therest of the G7, ( labelled G7exUK in graph).ways, in the tail end of a post- manufacturing industry style of working.“I think we have an overemphasis(B)Pursuit Marketing, based in Glasgow, declared Fridays to be voluntary for all staff in September2016. Following an initial 37 per cent productivity increase, which operations director Lorraine Gray owes to the novelty factor, total productivity settled to almost 30 percent higher than before the change.“I think it works really well here because it’s part of an overall culture of wellbeing,” says Gray.” Everyone is really clear that the focus is on the work- life balance and making sure everyone can be the best version of themselves.”Having less time to complete the same tasks drives staff to work efficiently. “Just shifting to thinking about’ How can I do my work in less time?’ focuses people’s attention on what it is important for them to do. They make slightly more strategic decisions over the actions that are going to result in higher levels of productivity,” explains Prof Paul Redford, an occupational psychologist at the University of the West of England.The 9 to 5, five- day week is a relatively recent invention in the history of human work. It was the result of muchcampaigning to reduce working hours once the Industrial Revolution had provided technology to vastly improve productivity. The Trades Union Congress (TUC) believes that we should once more take advantage of the rewards of our technological boom, in particular AI and automation, and shorten our working week further.“The Industrial Revolution, with the promotion of factory- based working, shifted the nature of work to this 9 to 5,’ says Redford. “We’re still, in some on productivity. Sometimes the focus on wellbeing is saying that it’s good to have high level of wellbeing because it’s more productive; I think that wellbeing is not a bad aim in and of itself.”60. What does “the novelty factor”( paragraph 1) refer to?A. Productivity increased by 38%.B. Workers needn’t work on Fridays.C. Pursuit Marketing was based in Glasgow.D. Total productivity settled to almost 30% higher.61. What conclusion can be drawn from the column of“ The data behind the push for a four- day week”?A. G7exUK in graph refers to the members of the G7 inclusive of the UK.B. The working hours per week decreased greatly in the decade from 1920 to 1930.C.38% of the staff members at Perpetual Guardian were against the four- day week.D. Workers in Germany were about 35% more productive than those in the UK in 2016.62. In terms of a four- day work week, which of the following statements is Prof Paul Redford most likely to agree with?A. Everyone can become the best decision maker.B. High productivity can improve workers’ wellbeing.C. Workers may ignore the importance of productivity.D. AI and automation has resulted in a shorter working week.(C)Imagine a world in which your life is filled with intelligent advertisements. Jaron Lanier, who was an adviser on “Minority Report”, asci- fi film, worries that this could be the future. A few platform firms, he fears, will control what consumers see and hear and other companies will have to use some of their profits (by buying ads) to gain access to them.That may sound ridiculous, but it is increasingly what investors are banking on. The total market value of a basket of a dozen American firms that depend on ad revenue, or are designing their strategies around it, has risen by 126% over the past five years. The part of America’s economy that is ad- centric has become systematically important, with a market value that is larger than the banking industry.The huge sums being bet on advertising raise a question: how much of it can America take?A back- of- the- envelope calculation by Schumpeter suggests that stock prices currently imply that American advertising revenues will rise from 1% of GDP today, to as much as 1.8% of GDP by 2027-a massive-mp. Since 1980 the average has been 1.3%, according to Jonathan Barnard of Zenith, a media agency, and in the past few years the advertising market relative to GDP has been shrinking.There are reasons why it might go on, points out Bob Norman of Group M, another media agency. In the old days advertisers in Time magazine or on billboards in Times Square were what only giant firms could afford. But techplatforms have done a brilliant job of persuading smaller companies to spend money targeting customers.Adverts could become even more effective at identifying customers and attracting them to spend money, using data that have been gathered to anticipate their needs. As commerce shifts online, firms will cut back on conventional marketing, freeing up budgets to spend more on digital ads.Yet there is a logical limit to the size of the advertising market: the irritation factor, or how much consumers can absorb without being put off. The golden rule used to be that ads could comprise no more than 33-50% of TV or radio programming, or of a magazine’s pages, says Rishad Tobacco wala, of Publicis, an advertising firm. The digital world is already showing signs of saturation. More people are using ad- blocking software. Tech brands that avoid bombarding(狂轰滥炸) customers with ads, such as Apple and Netflix, are wildly popular.63. What can be learned from paragraph 2?A. Some decisions that investors make are ridiculous.B. Investors are optimistic about intelligent advertising.C. The banking industry itself has been shrinking greatly.D. More American firms devote themselves to advertising.64. According to Bob Norman, why might American advertising revenues account for a larger part of GDP?A. Conventional marketing is losing its appeal.B. Giant firms will spend much more on advertising.C. Advertising will be available to more and more firms.D. Customers are becoming more willing to spend money.65. By “The digital world is already showing signs of saturation”( paragraph 6), the writer means that ______.A. ad- blocking software needs to be used more widelyB. customers can hardly skip a website filled with advertisementC. the digital world is not as advanced as commonly thoughtD. the online advertising market may have reached its limit66. What is the passage mainly about?A. The limits of intelligent advertising.B. The prospects of intelligent advertising.C. The advantages of intelligent advertising.D. The dominance of intelligent advertising.Section CA. Making only mindful purchases, and looking for ways to recycle my clothes makes me a better consumer.B. Its modern simplicity really appeals to me.C. Some fibres simply do not recycle and do not de- compose in landfill at the end of their usefulness.D. It switches the make-wear-and- dispose cycle of fashion into a circular one.E. One of my favourites is this burnt orange lightweight, unlined wool coat.F. I only wish I’d learned this lesson about shopping a lot sooner than I did!Full Circle FashionAutumn’s cooler temperature and beautiful colours never cease to excite me. I love reaching deep into mywardrobe and rediscovering the soft wool items that have served me well for many years. 67 Every October, I decide it’s time for it to make its yearly appearance. The loose style allows for lots of layering, so I’m able to wear it now and throughout the colder winter weather. It was a carefully considered purchase, and one I’ve not regretted for a moment. I always find the more time and thought I put into my wardrobe investments, the better they pay off.An item currently under consideration is this one that caught my eye last winter - a recycled cashmere poncho(羊绒斗篷). I’ve tried on this long poncho a few times and a year later, I still love it. 68 Also the cashmere itself is superb quality. The flexibility of a long poncho makes it even more irresistible. It would be ideal for a chilly office or aeroplane. It layers perfectly under loose long coat like my orange one. I love how it modernizes a odernizesr blouse. It feels like a wise investment for my wardrobe; supporting a business that facilitates sustainable fashion feels like a wise direction of my money.“Circular fashion”, where no longer used items are re- crafted into new clothes (like this poncho) is a new way of consuming that will be with us forever. 69 Every aspect of the process ensures tons of clothing do not end up in landfill each year. In general, circular fashion opts for wool, cotton, cashmere, and silk- all of which can be re- used or mixed with new natural fibres. These materials are more expensive, but if they are used in several circular cycles of clothing in the future, they pollute and waste less of our natural resources. 70 And innovative circular fashion brands will soon be giving us many more incredible options.IV. Summary Writing71.How to make resolutions stickHow are those New Year’s resolutions going? If you’re persisting, good for you. Many people do not. Given that the real challenge seems to be not making resolutions, but keeping them, I would like to understand more about that challenge.There is a revealing story at the end of How to Change in which Milkman and her colleague Angela Duckworth discuss the success of a large experiment. This experiment was run with a national gym chain and aimed to get people exercising more. Had it been a success? While the experimental persuasions were demonstrably effective at getting people to go to the gym during the four- week experimental period, they were far less effective at getting people to maintain their gym- going habit. If you hope for persistent results, one possible answer is persistent persuasion.There are other approaches. David Epstein, for example, had been struggling to quit his late- night snacking habit. When moving house, he simply decided that he would leave the old habit in the old house. This approach, he writes, was completely successful. Epstein also made a clear plan, something that is often missing from resolutions. Your resolutions to exercise more? Great! Where and how will you exercise, and when will you do it? It is better to sign up for a particular exercise class than for a generic gym membership, because you’ re forced to be specific about how you will achieve your goal.Another idea that has stuck in my mind is that our actions are influenced both by driving forces and by restraints -the accelerator(加速器) and the brake, if you like. When we want to move, we instinctively stamp harder on the accelerator, but we often get better results from releasing the brake. If you’re thinking of embracing a new resolution, ask yourself, “Why haven’t I been doing this already? What has been stopping me?” Answer those questions, and you might learn something that will help make your new resolution stick.V. Translation72.一到公司，他就被告知由于台风来袭电力中断。
2013年04月自考英语(二)真题及解析
全国2013年4月自考全国统一试卷英语(二)课程代码：00015本试卷共8页,满分100分,考试时间150分钟。
考生答题注意事项:1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效,试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2.第一部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将"答题卡"的相应代码涂黑。
3.第二部分为非选择题。
必须注明大小题号,使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间,超出答题区域无效。
第一部分选择题I. Vocabulary and Structure( 10points, 1 point each)从下列各句后的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出一个能填入句中空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. It is hard to distinguish these two words.A. fromB. betweenC. forD. beyond答案：B解析：在这两词之间作区分很困难。
2. I can my family's roots back to the 15th century in London.A. noticeB. moveC. traceD. drive答案：C解析：trace back to追根溯源。
3. His novel was by his experience in India when he was a child.A. inspiredB. involvedC. undergoneD. undertaken答案：A解析：inspired by灵感来源。
4. The court ordered her to pay a for parking on the sidewalk.A. taxB. debtC. billD. fine答案：D解析：罚款。
5. They cannot go to the theatre today they are busy with their work.A. unlessB. untilC. thoughD. because答案：D解析：表示原因。
江苏省南京航空航天大学附属高级中学2022-2023学年高三下学期2月考试英语试题(含答案)
2022-2023学年高三下学期南航附中2月调研考试第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分。
满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AMaster Gardener Volunteers WantedWhy Become a Master Gardener?The Master Gardener program is an all-volunteer organization where you can develop your own leadership and teaching skills while teaching the younger youth about health y eating, agriculture, and so on! Master Gardeners involve people in activities to improve their general well-being and overall enjoyment of life by helping them find sound management practices for home and urban natural resources, by creating pleasing environments through people-plant interactions and horticultural therapy (园艺疗法), and by contributing to a safe, abundant food supply through home fruit and vegetable production．What Qualifications Must You Meet?Anyone can apply to be a Master Gardener-you don’t need to be an expert or have a degree．You do, however, need to:·Have certain experience or know a little about gardening or landscape management．·Be willing to share horticulture information with others．·Be willing to attend a training program and can devote time to volunteering and continuing education．Besides, to become a Master Gardener volunteer, each applicant needs to complete an application, prepare background screening paperwork and schedule an interview with Extension staff．What Does the Training Involve?Training sessions are offered one day a week over a three-month period and are led by expert educators in the region．Approximately 60 hours of classroom instruction and field study and 60 hours of volunteer internship (实习) work are required to complete the program and become certified (发证书)．In order to remain a certified Master Gardener, 30 hours of volunteer work and 10 hours of continuing education or advanced training are required each year．21．What does a Master Gardener do?A．Train volunteers to help with gardening．B．Promote horticultural practices at home．C．Teach the youth about diets and agriculture．D．Help raise people’s quality of life by hor ticulture．22．What is required if you want to apply to be a Master Gardener?A．Having some relevant knowledge．B．Acquiring excellent teaching skills．C．Obtaining rich volunteer experience．D．Completing given training sessions．23．How long will it take to become a qualified Mister Gardener?A．Three months．B．A year．C．About 120 hours．D．About 160 hours．BWith a relatively small population, pandas are not out of the woods or the bamboo forest just yet．The biggest threat to the wild panda population is habitat loss．And while around 54% of its wild habitat is protected, these areas are still vulnerable to natural disasters, such as wildfires．To protect panda habitat, the Digital Panda System, developed in a joint venture between the Sichuan Forest and Grassland Administration and Chinese technology giant Huawei, was used effectively across forest and grasslands in Sichuan Province．The instant reporting system helps to detect wildfires in hard-to-reach areas, alerting fire departments so they can intervene (干预) quickly, as well as monitoring wildlife．Meanwhile, another smart technology—facial recognition —could help identify individual pandas more accurately．Each panda has a unique facial structure and hair pattern．To the human eye, their fur-covered faces all look the same, but computer algorithms are able to distinguish the differences．The system collects date from 596 cameras, 45 infrared cameras, drones and satellites, which it stores in the cloud．Researchers use this data to monitor, track and study wildlife, as well as detect wildfire hotspots．Because the cameras are used in remote areas where there is little or no electricity, the system is solar powered and uses microwave transmission (传送), which doesn’t require cables (电缆)．The system assists 140,000 forest rangers, grassland managers, conservationists and researchers in Sichuan．In its first five months of operations, it detected 651 wildfire hotspots, reducing forest fires by 71.6%compared to the same period the previous year．Despite its name, the Digital Panda System offers protection to more than just pandas．The system covers the Sichuan section of the newly established Giant Panda National Park．The park is home to most of China’s 1800 wild pandas-along with a further 8000 animal and plant species．In the future, the digital panda system could be extended across the sections of the national park that lie in Shanxi and Gansu provinces, creating more success stories for other endangered species．24．Why was the Digital Panda System developed?A．To protect endangered species from habitat loss．B．To monitor the health of giant pandas．C．To record the population of wild animals．D．To predict natural disasters in Sichuan Province．25．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the reporting system?A．Methods of using it．B．Its major functions．C．Its complex design．D．Inspiration for creating it．26．What do we know about the system from paragraph 3?A．It has gone into service nationwide．B．It mainly relies on satellites to collect data．C．It consumes a lot of electricity to operate．D．It works effectively in reducing forest fires．27．What is the main idea of the passage?A．Human activities cause pandas to lose their home．B．Huawei has taken the lead in facial recognition technology．C．Smart technology is helping to save endangered animals．D．The digital panda system has protected many species’ habitats．CDogs tend to ignore suggestions from people who are lying．This is what Ludwig Huber’s team at the University of Vienna in Austria found in its recent experiment．In the experiment, Huber and his colleagues first trained 260 dogs of various pure breeds to find hidden food in one of two covered bowls．The dogs learned to follow the suggestion of a person they had never met—the “communicator” —who would touch the food-filled bowl, glance at the dog, and say, “Look, this is very good!” Dogs appeared to trust this new person when they were reliably following the signal, says Huber．Once that trust was established, the team had the dogs witness another person move the food from the first to the second bowl．The communicators were either in the room, and also witnessed the switch, or were briefly absent and so apparently unaware that the food had been switched．In either case, the communicators would later recommend the first bowl —which was now empty．In previous versions of this experiment with children under age 5, Japanese macaques (猕猴) or chimpanzees (黑猩猩), the participants reacted in particular ways．If a communicator had been absent during the food switch, it would appear that they couldn’t know where the treat really was．As such, the children, chimps or macaques would typically ignore a communicator who gave honest —but misleading —advice on where the food was, says Huber．However, if the communicator had been in the room and witnessed the switch, but still recommended the first (now empty) bowl, young children and non-human primates (灵长目动物) were actually much more likely to follow the communicator’s knowingly misleading suggestion to approach the empty container．This may be because the children and non-human primates trusted the communicator over the evidence of their own eyes, says Huber．The dogs in the new experiment, however, weren’t so trusting of lying communicators —much to the researchers’ surprise．Half of the dog s would follow the communicator’s misleading advice if the communicator hadn’t witnessed the food switch．But about two-thirds of dogs ignored a communicator who had witnessed the food switch and still recommended the now-empty bowl．These dogs simply went to the bowl filled with food instead．“They did not rely on the communicator anymore,” says Huber．“This study reminds us that dogs are watching us closely, are picking up on our social signals, and are learning from us constantly even outside of formal tra ining contexts,” says Monique Udell at Oregon State University．Besides, the fact that half the dogs trusted the communicator who seemed to have made an honest mistake could reveal a lot about how dogs process social information, says Udell．“There is both genetic and behavioral evidence that dogs are hypersocial, meaning that many dogs have a difficult time ignoring social cues even when another solution might be more advantageous,” she says．“This is a really striking example of just how often this may occur．”28．What did uber and his colleagues try to do first?A．To communicate more with dogs．B．To let dogs trust a stranger．C．To improve dogs’ ability to seek food．D．To train dogs to guide humans．29．How would young children react when the communicator was obviously lying?A．They would ignore the communicator’s advice．B．They would be misled by the communicator．C．They would keep a distance from the communicator．D．They would teach the communicator a good lesson．30．What did the new experiment show?A．Dogs can be easily confused by the food switch．B．Dogs tend to follow the communicator’s advice．C．Dogs can accurately understand humans’ social signals．D．Dogs can identify whether the communicator is lying．31．What does Monique Udell say about dogs?A．They can be easily influenced by social cues．B．They need to be trained to follow humans．C．They prefer to stay with honest humans．D．They are much smarter than humans．DTight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get．”Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things．You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living．If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served．Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself．In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services．This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references．Such an account is valuable．It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews．While talking to you, you could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications, will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner．When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell．Then you are ready to hunt for a job．Get all the possible information about your could-be job．Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm．Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment．Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your jobnow．32．What do the elders mean when they say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get．”?A．It’s no use dreaming．B．It’s essential to set a goal．C．You’ll probably get what you want．D．You should be dissatisfied with what you have．33．A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as?A．a principle for job evaluationB．a guideline for job descriptionC．an indication of how to secure a good jobD．an illustration of how to write an application for a job34．According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because?A．that is the requirement of the employerB．that is the first step to please the employerC．it forces him to become clearly aware of himselfD．it enables him to know when to sell his services35．When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something?A．practical to supply B．definite to offerC．imaginary to provide D．desirable to present第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项：选项中有两项为多余选项。
广东省广州市荔湾区2024-2025学年高三10月区调研测试英语试卷(含答案)
试卷类型： A2024 学年高三年级调研测试英语2024.10本试卷共10页，满分120分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必在答题卡第1面和第3面上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写学校、班级、姓名、试室号和座位号，将自己的条形码粘贴在答题卡的“条形码粘贴处”。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50 分）第一节（共15 小题；每小题2.5 分，满分37.5 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AScientific Creation ExhibitionOur annual Science Fair will beheld on the10th week from Nov 5 to 8 on school campus.If you are prepared to shine at our School Project Exhibition,the highlight of our exciting science event, please sign up for a presentation now.Participation Details● Open to all high school students.● Work individually or in teams ofup to three members.● Select a scientific topic that interests you. It could be from any field such as physics, chemistry,biology, environmental science, or even one covering 2 to 4 subjects.Guidelines● Conduct thorough research on your chosen topic.● Design and conduct experiments to explore your question.● Prepare a display board that clearly presents your project.● Be ready to explain your project to visitors engagingly and informatively.● Visual aids such as charts and photos are welcome to enhance your presentation.Judging CriteriaJudges would examine everything the participants prepare, and students who enter the finals are encouraged to design their posters in a clear and informative manner to allow pre-interview evaluation and to enable the interview to become an in-depth discussion. Considerable emphasis is placed on two areas: creativity and presentation, especially in the interview section.Creativity: Judges would place emphasis on how imaginative and inventive your project is.Presentation/Interview:The interview provides the opportunity to interact with the finalists and evaluate their understanding of the project’s basic science, interpretation and limitation of the results and conclusions.PrizeJudges will choose the top10honorable science stars, who will each receive a T-shirt of the Science Fair.21. How many team members can you have for a project?A. 2.B. 4.C. 5.D. 10.22. What must the students do in the presentation?A. Use pictures to explain.B. Conduct experiments on stage.C. Write on the blackboard to display.D. Demonstrate research outcomes.23. Who is likely to be awarded science stars?A. Participants who create the best posters.B. Participants presenting projects with limitations.C. Participants with thorough knowledge of science.D. Participants showing imagination in a group discussion.BFor many, the term “orienteering”might bring back images of school trips.The reality of it can be very different, though,and it’s a sport with strong links to athletics.Kris Jones,a British international on the track, was also a silver medallist at the 2022 World Orienteering Championships.This July,I decided to explore the sport by joining in the Edinburgh “sprint orienteering” running through the famous city streets. The aim of the sport is to navigate(导航) between checkpoints marked on a special orienteering map.There is no set route so the skill and fun comefrom trying to find the best way to go,with the ultimate goal being to complete the course in the quickest time.As someone who is used to the convenience of using my phone for navigation, the idea of relying on a traditional map-and-compass approach felt daunting.However, once I got into the swing of things – and learned to hold a map the correct way –the excitement of navigating from one checkpoint to the next quickly got me moving.The unpredictable nature of the race and not knowing the whereabouts of other competitors, really does keep the rush of excitement flowing. You have no idea where you are going or what you are going to see until you pick up the map.I think the sport taking place in an open field of play is really exciting for people to watch. People can stand and watch athletes running across their doorstep. Different athletes will be following different routes. It’s never like a marathon where you might see one athlete a minute ahead in front and you know they are going to win.For orienteering to grow as a sport, it needs greater visibility in top class events. A distant past argument is that it is not an audience-friendly sport, but modern technology now shakes that belief. With the use of mobile phones, drones and body cameras,orienteering can be enjoyed by a much wider audience.24. Why does the author mention Kris Jones in paragraph1?A. To prove orienteering is very popular.B. To show the sport is physically demanding.C. To introduce the achievement of the athlete.D. To emphasise the benefits of taking up orienteering.25. What does the underlined word “daunting” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Challenging.B. Familiar.C. Exciting.D. Convenient.26. What makes orienteering different from a marathon to the audience?A. The phone for navigation.B. The uncertainty of the result.C. The set routine through a city.D. The visibility of runners ’ positions.27. What does the last paragraph imply?A. The running routes should be designed to vary.B. Orienteering is bound to be a world-class event.C. Orienteering is actually an audience-friendly sport.D. Technology can be adopted to popularize the game.CMany cities around the world get more rain than their surroundings.“Just like the way you have an urban heat island, you have an urban rainfall effect,”says Dev Niyogi at the University of Texas at Austin.Niyogi and his colleagues looked at satellite data on rainfall between 2001 and2020 in 1056 cities and nearby rural areas across different climate regions. They found that more than 60 percent of cities were “wet islands”, while some other cities were “dry islands” . For example, Ho Chi Minh City and Sydney were among the wettest anomalies(反常),each with over100millimetres more rainfall than their surroundings per year.Seattle and Rio de Janeiro were among the 10 driest.Cities can boost or reduce rainfall in several ways. Heat absorbed by asphalt (沥青黄沙混合物) and buildings can cause updrafts that help rain clouds to form.The “roughness” of buildings can slow weather systems so they rain over urban areas for longer.Air pollution can seed clouds, although it can also reduce rainfall by cooling the air.Paved surfaces with little vegetation can reduce evaporation, leading to less damp in the air.The influence of these factors varies based on the size and location of cities.The team found larger, more populous cities were more likely to be wet islands.Cities in temperate, tropical and coastal regions tended to have the largest anomalies,while those in mountainous areas generally saw smaller differences.They also found the average difference between wet islands and their surroundings almost doubled over the study period,from 37 to62 millimetres more rainfall per year.Dry anomalies didn’t change. Niyogi says this is because of rapid urbanization combined with warming temperatures due to climate change, which increases the amount of water vapour in the air.Current weather and climate models don’t fully account for the influence of cities on rain. But Niyogi says it may eventually be possible for city planners to consider how their decisions affect rainfall.28. What is “wet island”in the study?A. Rural areas that flood frequently with rains.B. Climate regions along the tropical and coastal areas.C. Cities flooded because of rains in their surroundings.D. Urban areas that saw more rains than their surroundings.29. Which of the following is related to rainfall reduction?A. Asphalt and rough buildings.B. Strong updrafts.C. Paved surface with little vegetation.D. Heated air flow.30. What can be inferred from the research findings?A. Dry anomalies are not easy to change.B. Urban rainfall effects are increasingly serious.C. Mountainous areas do not have rainfall problems.D. Climate change is the main concern in urban rainfall control.31. What is a suitable title for the text?A. Cities are Becoming Victims of Global WarmingB. Development Turns Most Cities into “Wet Islands”C. Country Life Downplays the Harm ofUrban RainfallD. More Rain or Less Rain: It Depends on How Green our Life IsDWho are your best friends on campus? Are they the ones you encountered most often in class? Are they your fellows in drama club or debate society?Something that has to influence whether people become friends is simple physical proximity. And, in fact, the most lasting friendships are developed between people whose paths cross frequently.A number of studies have demonstrated the effects of proximity on who become friends. One was conducted at MIT in the 1940s. The incoming students were randomly assigned to 17 ten-unit apartment buildings that were isolated from other residential areas, and few of them knew one another beforehand.The investigators asked each resident to name the three people in the student housing project with whom they socialized most often. The effect of proximity was striking: two-thirds of those listed as friends lived in the same building as the respondent, even though those in the same building represented only 5 percent of the target residents.More striking still was the pattern of friendships within each building.Even though the physical distance between apartments was quite small—19 feet between the doorways of neighboring apartments and89 feet between those at the ends of each hallway—41 percent of those living in neighboring apartments listed each other as friends, compared with only 10 percent of those living at opposite ends of the hallway.Proximity leads to friendship because it facilitates chance encounters. If so, then pure physical distance should matter less than functional distance—the influence of an architectural layout to encourage or discourage contact between people. The MIT study shows just how important functional distance is. As the following Figure indicates, the stairs are positioned such that upstairs residents will encounter the occupants of apartments at the turn of the stairs much more often than the occupants of the middle apartments. And in fact, the residents of the two stair-end apartment formed twice as many friendships with their upstairs neighbors as those living in the middle apartments.高三英语试卷第 5 页（共10页）Figure of the MIT StudyThus, it’s functional distance more than physical distance that is decisive. Proximity promotes friendship because it brings people together. Actually, in later studies involving more diverse populations, the largest effects of proximity on friendship formation have been found between people of different races, ages, or social classes.32. What can be concluded from the MIT study?A. Friends play an important role in one’s daily life.B. Frequency of encounters decides the living distance.C. People with shared interests are more likely to befriends.D. The more often two people meet, the closer their relationship is.33. What method did the MIT researchers employ in their study?A. Case study.B. Recording analysis.C. In-lab observation.D. Online questionnaire.34. Which apartment’s residents in the Figure above may make most friends in the building?A. Apartment1.B. Apartment 2.C. Apartment 6.D. Apartment 7.35. Why did researchers carry out later studies?A. Previous study results are contradictory.B. Previous study methods lack scientific support.C. The sample in the previous study is not representative.D. The data in the previous study are not up-to-date enough.第二节七选五（共5 小题；每小题2.5 分，满分12.5 分。
国开【形考】《理工英语(1)》形考任务1-8答案
国开【形考】《理工英语(1)》形考任务1-8答案形考任务1--- Could you please tell me something about the two_______?--- ___________. They arc exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.A、Frenchmen; Yes, pleaseB、Germans; All right（正确答案）C、Germen; Not at allEach apartment only__________15 to 30 square meters for one unit.A、spendB、takes（正确答案）C、make--- Could you please tell me something about the two_______?--- ___________. They arc exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.A、Frenchmen; Yes, pleaseB、Germans; All right（正确答案）C、Germen; Not at allEach apartment only__________15 to 30 square meters for one unit.A、spendB、takes（正确答案）C、make--- Haven't seen you for ages, Mike. ________________--- Pretty good. Everything goes well.A、How's it going?（正确答案）B、What are you doing?C、How are you?The __________ are eating _________ at the foot of the mountain.A、sheep, grass（正确答案）B、sheeps, grassesC、sheeps, grassI hope you'll ________working with us in the future.A、enjoy（正确答案）B、achieveC、apply---How are you?---________A、How do you do.B、Nice to meet you.C、Fine, thanks.（正确答案）Now this tiny housing solution is ______________ in urban areas in the U.S., and Canada.A、gain ground uponB、gain ground（正确答案）C、gain ground on---Are you good at Building Materials, Rose?---_______. But I will try to study it well this term.A、Not very good（正确答案）B、That's all rightC、Quite well二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
高中英语 2023-2024学年福建省安溪泉州四校联考高一(上)期中英语试卷
2023-2024学年福建省安溪一中、泉州实验中学四校联考高一（上）期中英语试卷第一部分 听力理解（共两节，满分5分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上．录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上．第一节 （共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话仅读一遍．答案写在答题卡上．1．（1分）What does the boy want？A．CoffeeB．CokeC．Tea2．（1分）How will the man go to Dalian？A． By carB． By planeC． By train3．（1分）Who will go to the concert this weekend？A． The boyB． The girlC． The sister4．（1分）What's the time now？A. 8：30.B. 9：00.C. 9：30.5．（1分）Where are the speakers probably？A．At a restaurant．B．At home．C．At a hospital．第二节（共3小题；每小题3分，满分10分）听下面5段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中做给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．每段对话或独白读两遍．6．（3分）（1）How old is Mary？A．FifteenB．SixteenC．Seventeen（2）Who will they probably meet there？A．ScientistsB．WritersC．Musicians（3）How long will they stay there？A．One weekB．Two weeksC．Three weeks7．（3分）（1）When was the concert of pop music held？A．Last yearB．Last monthC．Last week（2）How often does the woman go to the movies？A．OftenB．SeldomC．Sometimes（3）Where will they go this Friday evening？A．A theaterB．A hallC．A library8．（4分）（1）How often is American high school prom held？A．Once a monthB．Once a yearC．Once a decade（2）When was the first high school prom held？A．In the 1920sB．In the 1930sC．In the 1940s（3）What do students do at the prom nowadays？A．Read a bookB．Tell a storyC．Sing and dance（4）How does the prom end nowadays？A．With a popular songB．With a prom king and queenC．With an interesting movie第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分10分）第一节 （共2小题；每小题4分，满分10分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．答案写在答题卡上．注意：C篇分A、B 两种题型，A（易）种题型为客观题，B（难）种题型为主观题．9．（4分）Meet four famous African-Americans．These people have done great things．Oprah WinfreyOprah Winfrey had her own television talk show and magazine．She used much of the money she earned to help others．Winfrey had a charity called the Angel Network．People donate，or gave money to the charity．The money was used to help people throughout the world．She now is building her own television network，OWN．Robert L．Curbeam Jr．Robert L．Curbeam Jr．was an astronaut．When he was a boy，he wanted to design rockets．He worked for NASA，the U．S．space agency．Curbeam has been on three spaceflights．He has spent more than 900 hours in space!Nikki GiovanniNikki Giovanni is a writer．She is the author of books and poems for children and adults．She has won many awards for her poetry．In 2005，she wrote a children's book called Rosa．It is about the life of Rosa Parks．Rosa ParksRosa Parks helped to change a law that was unfair to African-American people．That law said that African-Americans had to sit in the back of city buses．One day in 1955．Parks was riding on a city bus in Alabama．The driver told her to give her seat to a white person．She refused to move．Thousands of people heard this story and refused to ride the city buses to support以下为A（易）、B（难）两种题型，任选一种，做A种题型的不做B种，做B种题型的不做A种．Parks．One year later，the law was changed．（1）What does Oprah do with much of her money？ A．She builds a TV network．B．She helps those in need．C．She supports NASA projects．D．She changes laws in Alabama．（2）Who is known for great works of literature？ A．Oprah Winfrey B．Rosa Parks C．Nikki GiovanniD．Robert L．Curbeam Jr．10．（6分）Airbus says it plans to test a self-flying vehicle to transport people in the sky above busy city streets．Testing of the "air taxi" is expected to start before the end of 2017，according to Airbus CEO Tom Enders．France-based Airbus is one of the largest airplane manufacturers（制造商）in the world．It makes airplanes，helicopters and space equipment．"One hundred years ago，urban transport went underground，now we have the technological to go above ground，"Enders told reporters ．He said that while Airbus is just starting to experiment with flying vehicles ，it is taking the developments "very seriously．" "If we ignore these developments，we will be pushed out of the business，" Enders said． The flying vehicles would be part of a taxi-style service allowing riders to book through an App，the same way as car-sharing companies．Enders addedthat flying vehicles can greatly reduce costs for city infrastructure （基础设施）projects like roads and bridges．Airbus is looking at using electric vehicles to avoid adding more pollution to crowded cities．Last October，ride-sharing company Uber announced its plan to use flying vehicles in the future to avoid ground traffic around cities．Uber's plan would use small，fully electric aircraft that could take off and land like a helicopter，without the need for long runways．The company said its flying vehicles would also be much quieter and less polluting than helicopters．Uber has said its planned flying service could become reality within 10 years．（1）How will users get "air taxi" service in the future？ A．With their plane tickets B．With their smart phones C．By buying flying vehicles D．By joining the Airbus Company（2）Why does Airbus take the "air taxi" developments seriously？ A．It would otherwise lose the market in the future B．Airbus is the only company to develop air taxis C．The developing process could take over ten years D．City streets are getting more and more crowded（3）What will be a major advantage of electric flying vehicles？ A．Lower traveling cost B．Safer trips for citizens C．Less noise and pollution D．Longer traveling hours11．（10分）Every year the entertainment magazine People publishes a list of who it considers the most beautiful people in the world．How do the editors choose from the 7 billion people on the earth？What makes a person beautiful or ugly？Last year the magazine named Jennifer Aniston the most beautiful woman in the world ．Many people would agree that she is good-looking．However，those same people are likely to differ about how good-looking Jennifer is ．But why do some people find Jennifer Aniston gorgeous and others think she is just attractive？A new study suggests that what a person finds good-looking in another person is shaped by the observer's environmentand experiences．Beauty，say experts，is very individual．Laura Germine is a researcher in Harvard Medical School．She co-led the study in which over 35，000 people took part by rating the faces of people in photographs．The scientists got a good idea of the face preferences of different people from examining the choices made by the online group．Then the researchers turned to twins．Identical twins（同卵双胞胎）share 100% of their genetic material．So，the scientists expected that identical twins would share an identical face preference．In fact，the preference for beautiful faces agreed only about 50% of the time even among twins．The findings suggest that environmental experiences have as much influence on people's idea of beauty as genetics．So it could be that if a person has a relationship-a romantic or friend relationship-with someone they are very close to or they really like，the characteristics of that person's face will then seem more attractive to them even on other people．In other words， beauty appears very much to be in the eye of the beholder．（1）Which word in Paragraph 2 is the closest to the meaning of "the most beautiful"？A．Good-lookingB．LikelyC．AttractiveD．Gorgeous（2）What does the underlined word "individual" mean in the third paragraph？A．Different for different people．B．Divided into several partsC．Similar across the worldD．Not important or valuable（3）Why do the researchers turn to twins for further studies？A．To include more people in the online researchB．To find out how genetics influences preferenceC．To prove twins have special genetic connectionsD．To add various age and social groups to the study（4）Which of the following factors has the strongest influence on our face preference？A．ExpressionsB．ScienceC．EntertainmentD．Relationships（5）What's the main idea of the passage？A．Identical twins have similar tastes for beautyB．People disagree on Jennifer Aniston's beautyC．Preference for beauty is mainly shaped by experiencesD．Jennifer Aniston was on the cover of the People Magazine12．Every year the entertainment magazine People publishes a list of who it considers the most beautifulpeople in the world．How do the editors choose from the 7 billion people on the earth？What makes aperson beautiful or ugly？Last year the magazine named Jennifer Aniston the most beautiful woman in the world．Many peoplewould agree that she is good-looking．However，those same people are likely to differ about how good-looking Jennifer is．But why do some people find Jennifer Aniston gorgeous and others think she is justattractive？A new study suggests that what a person finds good-looking in another person is shaped by the observer's environment and experiences．Beauty，say experts，is very individual．Laura Germine is a researcher in Harvard Medical School．She co-led the study in which over 35，000 people took part by rating the faces of people in photographs．The scientists got a good idea of the face preferences of different people from examining the choices made by the online group．Then the researchers turned to twins．Identical twins（同卵双胞胎）share 100% of their genetic material．So，the scientists expected that identical twins would share an identical face preference．In fact，the preference for beautiful faces agreed only about 50% of the time even among twins．The findings suggest that environmental experiences have as much influence on people's idea of beauty as genetics．So it could be that if a person has a relationship-a romantic or friend relationship-with someone they are very close to orthey really like，the characteristics of that person's face will then seem more attractive to them even on other people．In other words，beauty appears very much to be in the eye of the beholder．（1）What shapes an observer's preference for beauty？（2）Who did the People Magazine choose as the most beautiful woman in the world last year？（3）What were the 35，000 people asked to do for the research？（4）What are the chances that twins share the same preference for beautiful faces？（5）Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese in the last paragraph．第二节 （共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．答案写在答题卡上．13．（10分）How to Develop Positive HabitsScientists have suggested that habits should be formed in just 21 days．All it takes is just repetitive actions that are carried out on a daily basis． （1）．Decide on the Habit．（2）To do this effectively，you should do an honest soul searching．For example，you might be adding too much weight．Then a habit of regular exercise should be on your list．Make a Plan．Secondly，make a plan． （3）For example，when you want to form the habit of sticking to a budget，your plan could include writing a shopping list before going for shopping in order to avoid impulse（冲动）buying．Gather Support．The next step to develop good habits is gathering support． （4）Let them know that you are determined and that you would need their support in the process．If they can about you，then for sure they'll be there fore you when you are in need．（5）In your journey of developing good habits，be sure to give it time．Some habits might take longer than 21 days to form．It also depends on the person．It will take time and strength of will．At one point，you may even fail to keep up with the plan or achieve your goal．Focus on motivating yourself and conditioning yourself for success．A．Be Patient．B．Reward Yourself．C．Tell more people of your decision and plan．D．Much like positive habits，bad habits form after regular actions．E．With this knowledge at hand，I'll focus on how to develop positive habits．F．This is basically deciding in advance what should be done and how it should be done．G．The first step to develop positive habits is to be aware of the habit you want to form．第三部分 完形填空（共1小题；每小题15分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，答案写在答题卡上．14．（15分）"Okay Beth，one more．That's it．Just one more．"I barely finished my fifth sit-up，red-faced and （1）．My trainer stood beside me，a smile on her face．"I can't，" I said． "Give me a minute．"As I lay on my back，I wondered again how I'd gotten to this point．Five sit-ups？ "What had happened to the woman who could（2）five kilometers in the water at a time and did yoga several times a week？" I asked myself．"She's （3），" my trainer said gently． "Whoever you were，you have to（4）being who you are now．" But I don't want to be who I am now．I didn't want to have myasthenia gravis，a rare disease that causes great muscle weakness．It first （5）my arms until I had difficulty washing my hair，and then attacked my（6）until walking up stairs became a problem．"（7），I don't want to be who I am now．" I told my trainer． "I know，" she said． "But remember that fitness isn'ta competition．From now on you have to measure yourself against yourself and that's it．If five sit-ups today，then sixtomorrow．You need just one（8）．"I took her （9）to heart in the coming months．Sometimes I'll watch someone（10）or swim or even carry ababy and I can't help but compare myself to her．Then I'll （11）my trainer's voice in my head，telling me I only need to concentrate on being myself．I can still dance a little，I can swim in my own way and I can carry a baby for（12）amounts of time．I may not be ashealthy as（13），but I'm still trying to be as healthy as I can be．I keep doing just one more of （14）I need to do．Most of the time，I'd do a lot more than "one" before I finally （15）．（1）A．exhausted B．relaxed C．amazed D．confused（2）A．drive B．walk C．run D．swim（3）A．seen B．gone C．made D．found（4）A．fall off B．concentrate on C．belong on D．connect with（5）A．improved B．developed C．affected D．destroyed（6）A．shoes B．hands C．legs D．shirts（7）A．Rarely B．Silently C．Fortunately D．Honestly（8）A．another B．more C．less D．fewer（9）A．advice B．question C．letter D．text（10）A．jump B．dance C．cycle D．sing（11）A．listen B．stare C．hear D．realize（12）A．long B．short C．high D．light（13）A．others B．ones C．theirs D．ours（14）A．whenever B．whoever C．however D．whatever（15）A．appeared B．started C．finished D．lost第二卷（共40分）第四部分 短文填空（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式．答案写在题号后的横线上．15．（10分）My dad died unexpectedly （1）the age of seventy-eight， （2）（leave）our family heartbroken．During the funeral，my sister （3）（feel）her phone vibrate （振动）in her purse．She was so （4）（surprise） that someone would be calling （5）（she）， knowing she was at dad's funeral． Afterward， she found （6）voice message on her phone："Hi，this is dad，" said a male voice．"I wanted to let you know I made it home．" The caller （7）（obvious） had the wrong number，（8）the message seemed to be meant for us．Maybe our dad （9）（complete） his journey to heaven and wanted us to know． Many （10）（thank）， Dad-until we meet again．第五部分 写作（共两节，满分10分）第一节 短文改错（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）16．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．When I came home after the birth of my granddaughter， I find an old copy of Charlotte's Web on my kitchen table． There were also beautifully roses，some cookies or a card---gifts from my neighbors．I was puzzling until I read the note："Thought you might want this back．" I had been given them the book years before， when their kids were born． The inside cover of book had my daughter's name where was written in her fourth-grade handwriting． Mine granddaughter's name is Charlotte． The rose are now in full bloom and our life is filled in love．第二节 书面表达（满分20分）17．（20分）假如你是李华，是"Children's Helpline（CH）"组织的一员，常通过邮件解决孩子们的困难，一天你收到8岁的Maggie发来的邮件．请仔细阅读并给Maggie写一封回信做出答复．Dear Ch，Hello， My cat， Shadow， was watching TV with me and drank a few sips of my strawberry milk． It had been on the table and he drank it when I wasn't looking． I am concerned whether this may affect him because I do not know if he has ever drunken milk or strawberry milk． I am only 8． So I don't know what to do． Please help me．Maggie 回信要点应包括：1．肯定Maggie是一个负责任的宠物主人；2．让Maggie不必担心，少量的牛奶不会伤害到它；3．以后要注意看好Shadow，尽量不让它自己吃东西；4．如果发现它有什么不适，让父母带它去宠物医院．参考词汇：pet owner， amount， keep an eye on， discomfort， harmful， animal hospital注意：1．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；2．词数80-100个词； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．Dear Maggie，I'm so sorry we weren't able to get to you sooner．________Yours，Li Hua， Children's Helpline。
辽宁省县级重点高中2024届高三上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)
辽宁省县级重点高中2024届高三上学期期末考试英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、阅读理解Gabon, on the west coast of Africa, has numerous rainforests, open grasslands, white-sand beaches and rushing rivers. Here are four adventures that can let you have unforgettable experiences.The Wild Species AdventureThe site of this adventure is close to a national park, which has elephants, monkeys, leopards, red river hogs and so on. Visitors can go on a journey by jeep and have a chance to see the country's natural beauty and different birds in a nearby reserve.The Fishing AdventureGabon has some really big fish and miles of untouched coastlines, and the fishing spots are not packed, because they are wide apart. When fishing, visitors can find themselves in pleasant places, surrounded by palm trees during the adventure. Gabon's unique lagoon (环礁湖) system provides visitors with a range of fish, all ready for you to join in the fishing contest.The Private Island AdventureIt is difficult for visitors to find this private island on the sea on booking or a trip advisor, but it is known by locals. It offers small but comfortable rooms to rest. Visitors can try fun activities like wakeboarding and boating. During the whale season, visitors can also rent boats to take a close look at whales by following responsible viewing guidelines.The Whale Watching AdventureThere is a great diversity of marine mammals to see in this adventure, especially whales. Some of the whales can be found at all time, while others, for example, the humpback whales, only spend a few months from July to September. In this trip, visitors can take splendid pictures of these whales playing around and jumping above the surface of the sea under safety guidance.1．Which adventure attracts a lover of land animals most?A.The wild species adventure.B.The fishing adventure.C.The private island adventure.D.The whale watching adventure.2．What are the spots of the fishing adventure like?A.Noisy.B.Narrow.C.Uncrowded.D.Unpleasant.3．What do the last two adventures offer?A.Whale watching.B.Private trip advisors.C.Cost-free water sports.D.A photo-taking service.During World War Ⅱ, Duchess Nina Douglas-Hamilton played a vital role in looking after animals.As the war broke out, the government issued orders for the mass killing livestock (家畜) to prevent them from being captured or destroyed by the enemy. Duchess Nina launched a campaign to save as many animals as possible, and soon became known as the “animal heroine” for her effort s.Duchess Nina worked with local farmers and animal owners to relocate animals to safer areas, such as the Scottish Highlands. She also established a network of volunteers who helped to care for animals during the war. She organized feeding programs, medical care and transportation, ensuring that animals were well looked after even during the most difficult times. The most challenging aspect of her work was the shortage of food during the war. So she established a vegetable garden and used leftovers to create nutritious meals for animals. She also reached out to the public for donations of food and supplies, and was able to secure enough resources to keep animals healthy and fed.In addition to her work with domestic animals, Duchess Nina was also a strong advocate for wildlife conservation. She established a center for wild animals in Scotland, where she provided a safe place for deer, foxes and other animals that were threatened by the war. She also worked with local protection groups to protect natural habitats.Duchess Nina’s work during World War Ⅱwas not without its risks. She frequentlySadly, some people saw her efforts as a distraction from the war effort. However, she contin ued to work tirelessly for animals. After the war, Duchess Nina’s work was recognized by the government and she got an important award for her services to animals.4．How did Duchess Nina probably feel when she heard the government’s orders?A. Worried.B. Calm.C. Excited.D. Encouraged.5．What was the biggest problem that Duchess Nina faced?A. Nobody gave her any donations.B. She couldn’t find enough volunteers.C. The animals didn’t have enough food to eat.D. Local farmers didn’t give her enough support.6．Why did Duchess Nina start the center in Scotland?A. To keep domestic animals there.B. To attract local protection groups.C. To provide a home for wild animals.D. To offer a safe place for animal owners.7．What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 5 mean?A. Urban.B. Dangerous.C. Faraway.D. Poor.Underwater travel is difficult and dangerous, but many people have to stay deep under the ocean. Thus, humans have come up with a few designs of vehicles to move around under the ocean. But what if there was a better way to travel?Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University of Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a manta ray (魔鬼鱼) would be able to operate for long periods at sea. Manta rays which can grow up to 29 feet long are among the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Different from animals and people pushing against water, manta rays swim by moving through the water with wing-like movements of their fins (鳍) . Efficiency means using less energy to move farther.Bart-Smith and other engineers at the University of Virginia had to find out what manta rays looked like on the inside to better understand how they move. They took X-rays to find out how a manta ray's fins are built. They found that a web of cartilage (软骨) stretches across each fin.Once the engineers knew how a manta ray's fin was constructed, they could build one of their own. They made a long row of metal struts with many hinges to imitate the manta ray's web of cartilage. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cover, shaped like a manta ray's fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pool. They were happy to see that it swam just like a manta ray in the ocean.Engineers and scientists are still learning and experimenting with how to imitate these amazing animals. For now, engineers study their movements and learn from the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Perhaps someday engineers will be able to build manta ray robots that are big enough to transport people.8．How do manta rays swim?A.By moving like birds.B.By swimming like humans.C.By swimming like other fishes.D.By pushing against water like animals. 9．What can we learn from the second and third paragraphs?A.Manta rays look like travel vehicles.B.Manta rays are the fastest swimmers.C.Manta rays can grow at least 29 feet long.D.Manta rays'fins consist of a web of cartilage.10．Why do the engineers study manta rays?A.To learn about their habits.B.To control manta ray robots.C.To protect marine creatures.D.To design undersea vehicles.11．What's the author's attitude towards the research?A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.The most obvious dog fetish (迷恋) today is the longing for cuteness. Almost every day you can see adorable pictures of dogs and other animals that will make you smile and say, "How cute! "It is a cultural phenomenon that the media scholar James Meese calls the "cute economy' which exists primarily on social media, is user-generated, and is heavily dominated by pictures of animals, especially pets. The goal is to generate a positive response, probably followed by a tap on the screen to “like” and “share”. We can click through image after image of cute animals doing cute things, feeling a little boost of good cheer.The marketing researchers have identified some of the most common categories of cuteness in online pet content: animals doing silly things；animals of extreme size；animals with unusual looks；and animals behaving in ways that seem human-like. Dogs and other animals in the "cute economy" are often further humanized by being dressed in clothing and accessorized (装饰) with hats, jewellery, nail polish and fur dyed a rainbow of colors. Users who post successfully and with some strategies can make money by doing so. Thus, certain dogs have become cuteness celebrities, with millions of devoted followers and paid content from advertisers.Unfortunately, the price of the "cute economy" comes at a serious cost. The cutest and most popular breeds tend to be those with the most significant risk of health and behavioral problems. Cuteness is often coupled with their discomfort. People are drawn to the cuteness of dogs with extremely foreshortened skulls and extremely short legs and awkwardly long bodies, such as the French bulldog and the corgi.Actually, there are well-established health issues. We should treat the "cute economy' with caution, like resisting the commodification (商品化) of appearance by opting out of social media channels promoting the "cute economy". We can also choose not to "like" or"share" images of dogs whose cuteness is linked with discomfort. Although we are biologically attracted to dogs that are super cute, we should be mindful in our "impulses". 12．What is the key to the "cute economy" according to the text?A.Cute animals' attractive appearance.B.Taking pictures of different animals.C.Pet owners' liking adorable pictures.D.Posting cute animals' pictures on social media.13．Which kind of cuteness is most likely to be the online pet content?A.A normal-sized dog is eating bones.B.A white cat is quietly lying next to its owner.C.A monkey is attentively taking care of its baby.D.A parrot dressed in a suit is singing and dancing.14．What is the side effect of the "cute economy"?A.It will change the animals' nature.B.It may make the animals not so cute.C.It may cause health problems to the animals.D.It will result in a decline in animal population.15．What may be the best title for the text?A.Marketing Strategy-CutenessB.The Cute Economy and Its PriceC.Happiness from PetsD.Share Pictures or Not二、七选五16．Anyone experiences a failure occasionally. But how do you deal with it when it occurs? Blaming yourself makes no sense. Faced with a failure, try to find proper ways, which is the key to success.①______If you can't realize what the problem is and don't process failures clearly, you'll find yourself unable to sail along elegantly like a boat through the water ahead. So it is of great importance to spare some time to analyse the relevant causes of the failures.Practise self-acceptance and self-compassion (自我同情) . ②______ Self-acceptance does not mean believing that you are perfect. It means accepting yourself for who you really are. Self-compassion does not mean giving up on growth and self-improvement, but it means showing kindness to yourself. Practise them, decide what to do differently next time and move on.Reframe positively. Positive reframing requires viewing things in a new way that allows youto recognize and appreciate positive aspects of your situation. ③______ As a result, failures can be transformed into challenges and new possibilities to experience life more fully.Laugh it off. Laughing at yourself about a mistake you made is a great gift, which requires a shared understanding of humanity. The point is that once you can laugh at a failure, it is no longer terminal. Instead, you are ready to go ahead. ④______Of course, failures are actually not fun. ⑤______ Finally, you'll make fewer mistakes, experience fewer failures and naturally develop yourself into the being you are destined to become.A.Understand what has gone wrong.B.Save every minute to avoid failures.C.They are the basics of moving on from failures.D.If you can laugh it off, then you can forgive yourself.e the above ways, learn from failures and move forward.F.Similarly, if you can laugh at yourself, others will laugh at you.G.It helps you take advantage of opportunities rather than avoid problems.三、完形填空（15空）Fiona liked to sing at home. One summer day when she was singing, her father said upstairs, “Baby, I really need 1 , so I can take a rest.” Fiona felt upset and had to go2 .It was a 3 day, and many people were riding bikes and walking their dogs in the sun. Fiona went to a nearby park and sat on a bench. She looked around to make sure she wasn’t4 anyone. Then she started to hum (哼)5 . But soon humming turned to loud singing.Feeling very hot, Fiona took off her 6 , laid it on the sidewalk and kept singing. Just as she 7 one of her favorite songs, a man stopped in front of her and dropped a 8 into her hat. Before she could say anything, the man left. Looking at his 9 ,Fiona really wasn’t sure how to 10 the money, but she did want to 11 singing. As a result, a 12 stream of sound rang in the parkWhen she enjoyed herself and stopped to relax, Fiona’s hat was full, and some money fell to the floor because there was no 13 for it. At that time, Mrs Maudslay, her neighbor, suddenly passed by and saw Fiona, “Are you busking, Fiona?” Fiona asked, “What’s busking?” “Busking is when a street performer 14 a hat to collect money People drop some money to show that they like the performance,”Mrs Maudslay answered It 15 on Fiona, and she eventually donated her windfall (意外之财) to charity with theadvice of Mrs. Maudslay.17．A. comfort B. apology C. light D. quiet18．A. outside B. upstairs C. eagerly D. merrily19．A. cloudy B. misty C. clear D. freezing20．A. assessing B. disturbing C. witnessing D. observing21．A. angrily B. unwillingly C. loudly D. softly22．A. mask B. hat C. shoe D. glove23．A. finished B. recalled C. composed D. forgot24．A. medal B. flower C. dollar D. toy25．A. coming B. situation C. face D. back26．A. handle B. claim C. donate D. earn27．A. improve B. keep C. advocate D. quit28．A. temporary B. terrible C. steady D. silent29．A. argument B. praise C. time D. room30．A. hands in B. puts out C. folds up D. tears down31．A. dawned B. depended C. counted D. fed四、短文填空32．The Liangzhu Culture, ①_____ can date back thousands of years, was the last Neolithic jade (新石器时代玉器) culture in the Taihu Basin of the Yangtze River Delta. From many of the unearthed Liangzhu relic sites so far, relevant experts ②_____ (conclude) that the ancient culture boasted advanced rice agriculture and handicraft industry.③_____ (cover) an area of more than 30 square kilometers, the Liangzhu relic site fir④_____ (discover) in 1936 is in reality a general name for some sites found in Liangzhu, Pingyao and Anxi, three places in Yuhang District, East China's Zhejiang Province. The archaeological ⑤_____ (significant) of the Liangzhu relic site has gained worldwide attention. British archaeologist Colin Renfrew visited it several years ago and thought ⑥_____importance of findings in China's Neolithic Period was greatly underestimated.The Liangzhu Culture is⑦_____ (good) known as a jade culture than others. More than 40 various⑧_____ (type) of jade containers have been unearthed. Do you dream ⑨_____experiencing more of the Liangzhu Culture up close? Consider visiting the Liangzhu New Town, a scenic spot which offers many places for tourists⑩_____ (learn) about theLiangzhu Culture and relax as well.五、书面表达33．假定你是李华，交换生George对你所在的书法社(Chinese Calligraphy Club)很感兴趣,想要加入。
2024届山东省临沂市高三下学期一模考试英语-试题含解析
2024届山东省临沂市高三下学期一模考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解EYLEAConsumer Brief SummaryThis summary contains risk and safety information for patients about EYLEA．It does not include all the information and does not take the place of talking to your eye doctor. What is EYLEA?EYLEA is a medicine that works by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF）, which can cause fluid to leak into the macula(视网膜黄斑).What is EYLEA used for?EYLEA is indicated for the treatment of patients with:·Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion(RVO)·Diabetic Macular Edema(DME)·Diabetic Retinopathy(DR)How is EYLEA given?EYLEA is an injection(注射)administered by eye doctor and the injections are given on different schedules.Confirm with your doctor which schedule is appropriate.What are the most common side effects of EYLEA?·Eye pain·Light sensitivity·Increased eye rednessFor more possible side effects,ask your eye doctor.You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA．Visit /medwatch,or call1-800-FDA-1088.What should I tell my eye doctor before receiving EYLEA?·Infections in or around the eye·Eye pain or redness·Being allergic to any ingredients in EYLEA·Being or planning to be pregnantWhere can I learn more about EYLEA?For a more comprehensive review of EYLEA safety and risk information,talk to your health care provider and see the full information at EYLEA．com.1．Who is the passage intended for?A．Eye doctors.B．Medicine students.C．Drug researchers.D．Patients with eye conditions. 2．How can you learn more about EYLEA?A．Visit EYLEA．com.B．Call1-800-FDA-1088.C．Visit /medwatch.D．Talk to a medical professor. 3．What is this text?A．A medical report.B．An introduction to a book.C．A healthcare contract.D．A piece of medical instructions.Watford and her family have lived in Curtis Bay,Baltimore for generations.Her community has faced environmental injustice.Heavy industries continued to move in her community.As a result,her neighbors have had to live with serious respiratory(呼吸的) problems.When she knew a plan to build the nation’s largest trash-burning incinerator(焚化炉) less than a mile away from her high school,she realized she had to take action.The incinerator was being sold wrongly as clean,renewable energy equipment but actually it would be a source of brain-damaging chemicals and would release200million tons of greenhouse gases per year,both worse than coal burning.Watford felt she had a responsibility to warn her community to work together to shut this plant down.She co-founded Free Your Voice(FYV),a10-person student organization devoted to community rights and social justice.Together,they decided to start a campaign to take down Energy Answers,the incinerator’s developer.They went door-to-door talking to neighbors and organizing protests.When it was discovered that Baltimore City Public Schools(BCPS)was going to be a customer of Energy Answers,the organization fought with the board and presented their case, urging BCPS to withdraw from the project.BCPS was convinced to cancel their contract, which in turn inspired22other customers to do the same.Without any financial gain,Energy Answers had no market to move forward with its plan.Watford continues to work with Curtis Bay residents toward fair development.Theyhave a vision for the future which includes building a zero-waste movement,a solar farm,and green jobs.She wants the entire human family to join the fight for environmental justice because survival as a species depends on our ability to take action.4．What caused respiratory problems in Watford’s community?A．Poor medical care.B．Terrible environmental conditions.C．Constant bacterial infection.D．Unbalanced distribution of resources. 5．What is Watford’s attitude to building the incinerator?A．Unfavourable.B．Doubtful.C．Unclear.D．Indifferent. 6．What was the result of their campaign?A．BCPS lost financial support.B．Energy Answers stopped its plan.C．The investors found new market.D．Many customers revised their contracts. 7．What would be the best title for the text?A．A teenage hero against urban pollutionB．A teenage hero fighting for an advanced cityC．A battle for Baltimore’s sky by a teenage heroD．The social justice challenge for a teenage heroHumans work hard to avoid viruses.Sick people are isolated,diseased animals are killed and fields of infected crops are fired up.Reviving(复活)an ancient virus would surely be a disaster.But a new study led by Fiddamanfrom Oxford,challenges this conventional wisdom.It shows how the revival of an ancient virus can unlock the secrets of its evolution.The virus in the study is Marek’s disease virus(MDV),killing more than90%of chickens.Yet when it was discovered in1907,MDV rarely caused death.Dr Fiddaman wondered whether its new-found virulence(毒性)was a result of large structural changes.To find out,he and his colleagues got their hands on nearly1,000chicken bones from ancient times across Europe and Asia,some of them up to2000years old. Sections of DNA from these remains were mapped on to the ones of today’s virus.As the authors pieced together the sets of genes of ancient MDV,however,they noticed that the genes were arranged identically to those in modern species.It suggests that the increased virulence resulted not from large structural changes,but from point mutations(突变).In particular,changes had occurred in the arrangement of a gene called MEQ,which hasan essential role in tumour(肿瘤)formation.This discovery suggests that the ancient MDV may not have been able to cause tumours. To test this assumption,Dr Fiddaman followed up with a daring experiment.He made the ancient form of the MEQ gene and shoot it into living chicken cells.It did not turn on any of the genes associated with tumour formation.In comparison,a modern MEQ gene quickly showed its tendency to cause tumours.By combining ancient and modern genetic biology,the methods pioneered in the paper reveal how,and more importantly why,any virus mutates.That could help scientists tackle other viruses that pull on the purse-strings of farmers—by designing new vaccines(疫苗),for instance—or even to work out how to prevent another global pandemic.8．What is widely acknowledged about the revival of an ancient virus?A．It is a challenging task.B．It reveals the virus evolution.C．It means a disaster for humans.D．It helps people fight diseases. 9．What caused the virulence change of MDV?A．Point mutations in MEQ.B．The occurrance of a new gene.C．The reproduction of the ancient MDV.D．Large structural changes in modern species.10．How did Dr Fiddaman test the assumption?A．By investigating a typical case.B．By conducting a field survey.C．By studying the related theories.D．By doing a comparative experiment. 11．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．Viruses weaken gradually when they mutate.B．The finding throws light on handling other viruses.C．A global pandemic requires a world effort to end it.D．Farmers will face more complex challenges than before.When American anthropologist Colin Turnbull published The Mountain People in1972, he referred to his subjects—a Ugandan group called the Ik—as“the loveless people.”After two years of observations,he decided that they reflected humanity’s basic instincts(本能): cheat,thievery,and pitilessness.But when Athena Aktipis and her colleagues from the Human Generosity Project took a deeper look,they identified a community that shared everything.“Turnbull had visited Uganda during a disastrous famine(饥荒).All he saw iswhat happens when people are starving.”says Aktipis.But her team revealed that despite living under pressure,the Ik placed a high value on helping one another when they could.Aktipis believes that altruism is more common and beneficial than evolutionary social science has long thought.“It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help themselves or their relatives.”she says.By studying the unique,selfless practices that helped nine communities across the world to continue to exist,the experts from the Project are looking to show that we are indeed capable of widespread cooperation.The Maasai people in Kenya provide one of the project’s main points.They rely on two-way friendships for resources like food or water when they’re in need,without expecting any repayment.Also,a world away,in New Mexico,while folks often help transport cattle and receive support in return,they will assist without repayment if someone faces difficulties, such as an injury or the death of a loved one.Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks she’s perfected through studying these groups can apply broadly to any interdependent systems.Her big goal is to design social-service systems that support everyone.Take market-based insurance in the United States as an example:It’s priced based on individual risk factors such as health histories and where people live,which means millions of Americans can’t afford it.But in a system built on neighboring, pooled costs(合并成本)would level the burden during collective hardship like natural disasters and pandemics.12．What did Turnbull think of the Ik people?A．Heartless.B．Helpful.C．Restless.D．Generous. 13．What does the underlined word“altruism”in paragraph2probably mean?A．Trying to be strong and tough to survive.B．Making full use of the surrounding resources.C．Being devoted to themselves or their relatives.D．Caring about the needs and happiness of others.14．What does paragraph3intend to convey?A．Friendships guarantee a well-being life.B．Folks assist each other to get support.C．Cooperation is a good and natural instinct.D．People tend to provide resources for free.15．How does Aktipis intend to apply her findings?A．By designing a policy for public health.B．By monitoring individual health histories.C．By creating a system against collective hardship.D．By lowering insurance prices for individual victims.Mark Covington,founder of the Georgia Street Community Collective in Detroit,stands in a corner of his urban farm,breathing the fresh air in the early morning.16Early in the day,the green crops giving life to tomatoes,cabbages,eggplants,and more are bathed in gold,as if being watered by the sun.The sounds of dogs,pigs,roosters,and a group of stirring bees drown out the sounds of the city.In2007,Covington lost his job and returned to his childhood street.17“It was dirty,”he said.“There were always vacant lots,but they had always been maintained for children to play on.”He knew that if he just cleaned them up,people would pile on them again.18Covington started with a small community garden.19One mother sent three children to help him build a larger garden where the kids could grow food,stay busy during the summer and add structure to their lives.Little by little the seeds took root,as the hands on the garden that would evolve into a farm multiplied.20On one corner:a movie screen and a public garden with vegetable and flower beds.On another:a farm and a community center in a building.Nearby are garlic beds and a greenhouse.“It’s somewhat spiritual for me,”Covington says.“It’s like a sanctuary(圣殿).People come here and don’t want to leave.”A．But if he planted stuff,they might not.B．It’s a typical morning scene at the collective.C．He saw garbage piled high in vacant,abandoned lots.D．Covington made the garden a little bigger to plant more.E．And almost immediately neighbors began asking to participate.F．He planted a garden to help feed residents and enrich their lives.G．What began as an effort to remove trash has turned into a site of community.二、完形填空Whatever the patient’s age or disease,a hospital stay can be stressful,especially for kids.Efforts like Ella’s are a(an)21spot during a tough time.It began in2018,when Ella celebrated her birthday in a22way—a gift drive.Since then,it has23each year in early October,a few weeks before her birthday.Along with a(an)24to her party,Ella’s friends get a list of gift ideas for kids at the hospital.For the youngest25,gifts might include building blocks or stuffed toys.Then it’s time to share the gifts.“Seeing other people’s26—that’s all that matters to me,”Ella says.After the first round,the number of donations27every year.But she doesn’t keep an exact count.28,she judges by sight.“We measure how much of the carpet it covers in our living room,”Ella says.“Last year,it29the entire carpet.”Allison,working at Brigham Children’s Hospital,has seen firsthand the30 of Ella’s gift-giving.“She puts smile on the faces of these little patients in our hospital,”Allison says.“They are all amazed at her31at such a young age.”Ella’s32to help kids in the hospital have inspired others to33 in her footsteps.Friends have collected and34gifts for their birthdays too.“35to others is a good feeling to have at the end of the day,”Ella says.“I want to keep doing this as long as I can.”21．A．independent B．extra C．free D．bright 22．A．new B．private C．fancy D．natural 23．A．worked out B．kicked off C．given out D．thought up 24．A．letter B．recreation C．invitation D．cake 25．A．workers B．patients C．parents D．nurses 26．A．happiness B．recognition C．behavior D．admiration 27．A．changes B．grows C．declines D．maintains 28．A．Thus B．Somehow C．Sometimes D．Instead 29．A．reached B．included C．decorated D．covered 30．A．excitement B．effect C．inspiration D．feature 31．A．generosity B．exploration C．ambition D．progress 32．A．promises B．aims C．efforts D．proposals 33．A．follow B．engage C．track D．mix 34．A．received B．counted C．gathered D．donated 35．A．Responding B．Relating C．Giving D．Comparing三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
环境设计英文参考文献(精选文献)
伴随人类社会不断的进步,人与自然,建筑与环境之间的关系密不可分.从当代人们所生活的环境中,我们可以看出环境艺术也在经历着自身的发展,而人们只有从尊重自然环境,尊重人类自身,才能够真正将环境艺术更好地融入建筑设计中去。
下面是环境设计英文参考文献的分享，供大家参考阅读。
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Participatory design and evaluation of virtual reality games to promote engagement in physical activity for people living with dementia.[J]. Journal of rehabilitation and assistive technologies engineering,2020,7. [5]Laura Fiorini,Kasia Tabeau,Grazia D’Onofrio,LuigiCoviello,Marleen De Mul,Daniele Sancarlo,IsabelleFabbricotti,Filippo Cavallo. Co-creation of an assistive robot for independent living: lessons learned on robot design[J].International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM),2020,14(2). [6]. CarexTech Inc.; CarexTech's Smile Platform, Designed to Connect Families and Senior Living Communities, Sees Usage Spike Over 300 Percent in Wake of COVID-19 Pandemic[J]. Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA,2020. [7]Mazhar Eisapour,Shi Cao,Jennifer Boger. Participatory design and evaluation of virtual reality games to promote engagement in physical activity for people living with dementia[J]. Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering,2020,7. 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Study on Urban Design for the Development Zone of HarbinZaoliang GaoHeilongjiang University of Science and Technology, College of Architecture and Engineering,Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150022, chinaqfeng627@Keywords: Harbin, development zone, urban designAbstract. Based on the industrial zone development, high-tech industrial zone is a newborn thing in modern urban construction;the big city has its unique advantages to carry out developed zone. Under the background of city planning develop and Call of human design,in full swing development of the development zone existence reality problems,create Shape and Space environment of the development zone, for the development zone of design practice made convincing urban design measures.IntroductionDevelopment zone in our country just ten years' time, but it promote national and regional economic development, the progress of science and technology has played a rather profound influence. On the basis of development zone and the development of urban spatial relations, the development zone is divided into the following three categories: borderline, medium-sized city, the wild type..Development zone is a regional area as the city for backing, on the basis of certain infrastructure and talent, technology, social conditions, with industrial agglomeration, attract foreign capital and technology innovation for the purpose, with implement developmental policies for its specific characteristics.[1]The main advantages can be summarized as four aspects: (First) strong technology power, (Second) strong comprehensive economic strength, (Third)good social and cultural environment, (Fourth) relatively complete infrastructure.The necessity to development zone as urban designUrban design is a space design for urban physical environment, it need to consider art processing and aesthetic principles; the purpose of urban design for the residents to create a good, orderly living environment, civil society life and the spiritual civilization construction must be considered,[2-3]As you can see from the following several aspects: the importance and necessity of urban design for development zone.---Highly developed technology and function requirementsThe popularization of information network bring great influence on the development zone with various aspects, especially becomes more and more big for office, transportation, live and information communication, at the same time the use of intelligent in the development zone is more extensive. Therefore, today’s urban design alr eady could not avoid requirement high in the aspect of technology and function, and it will continue to receive the impact of modernization in the 21st century.---High technical personnel requirements combination of space environment at art, culture, ecology and efficientHigh technical staff younger, highly educated, high income and high pressure, this makes them to pursue a kind of exciting, high quality and content rich space environment. Many people go to the bars, dating, online, or participate in variety activities after work, during activity; they need diversification emotional and have stronger psychological participation, this desire can be done by the urban design.---Carry out planning intention, achieve expected at city function and block space:Urban design belongs to deepen link in urban planning, it is a necessary procedure. It has a key role in implement planning intention, coordinate the relationship between sections and entirety city, guide the further detailed planning and design program, realize the expected function of city and the neighborhood space.---Shape features for development zone:Construction development zone in the big city, should reflect local characteristics, and modern characteristic, Give priority to the modern buildings without controlled by the height, Combined with landscaping and public places can better reflect the modern characteristic, achieve the purpose of rich urban landscape, highlight feature of history and culture.Problems of urban design in development zone-- Style of homogeneous, lack of local characteristicsAny big cities developed from a long time, it has a profound cultural accumulation, so it should have its own characteristics. At present, many development zone lacks of features, "Thousand area side" situation is more serious.--Lack of high-tech communication space: Development zone only communicate more informal information between employees within the same business, and very little communication between different staff, communication between enterprises is almost none, and this is very not conducive to the long-term development of development zone.--Service facilities distribution imbalance, lack of shaping the conditions of high quality environment art: High-tech talents require high quality of living environment in development zone, at first; they want complete auxiliary facilities, easy to use, fully feel superior environment in the area. Second, most of them are young, highly educated, high income, bigger working pressure, so they requirements higher service facilities. But in our country, the phenomenon of facilities distribution imbalanced are widespread, this can't meet the requirements.--Drab architectural form, lack of human kindness: Architectural Landscape should be diversified on either side of the main road in the development zone, skylines should change rich, it can fully embody the development zone. But in many development zone, almost building on both sides of main road are high-rise buildings, excessive pursuit of business economic benefits, the overall features shows inappropriate. [4]Study the form and space environment of development zoneEvery development zone should have its own characteristics. The unique space environment can deliver more information, stronger identification, appealing and attractive, public's sense of belonging and pride. [5]As a goal, this article start with historical and cultural characteristics of development zone, research content of urban design in form and space environment.---Layout: space for urban space, it have both natural space constitute elements such as natural light, air, green, and artificial space elements with buildings, structures, facilities. Because its content will be transformation along with the natural or artificial elements transformation, it reflects the different "field force" ---one kind of intrinsic characteristics of the whole space. In the big city’s development zone, establish a good spatial continuity, at first, determine the atmosphere of the space, and consider emotional factors in the human activity, make the space with "love", established sequence, shape order, intent to meet people’s aspiration and needs, make people feel the change and fun in the coordination. In the design of space for users really put yourself to consider, consider their thoughts, desires, feeling, which will make the space has the milk of human kindness, ring by ring, reasonable, dynamically organization space, make the space continuity more fluent 6.---Color and lighting system: In the process of establish index system for color to development zone, first of all, analysis the original sampling on the color of the big cities, by the color of samplepoints, lightness, saturation analysis, clear local natural, historical ,cultural characteristics ,on the basis construct the development zone's own color section, select the basic color suitable for large area use and the focus color suitable for small ornament, so that make the color system of development zone and local cultural harmony and unity. For the entire development zone, nightscape lighting design according to the characters of development zone and landmark buildings, the distribution and the mutual connection such as major scenic or spots squares, roads, bridges, shops and parks, also design combined with the principle of dot, line, face, for the goal of clear city skyline and highlights the urban structure.--- Greenery landscape system: Urban designs mainly organize from the following three aspects.A. High forestation rate is one of the powerful tools for the attractive, also is an important symbol of modern civilization for development zone;B. Multicolor: more trees, flowers and plants, scientific collocation, realize four seasons green, three seasons or there are flowers all the year round, colorful, really can rise to alleviate the pressure of high technology talent’s technology which work in development zone;C. Hierarchical organization of green landscape, vertical planting: it can be divided into space stereo virescence and building three-dimensional greening7.----Environmental furniture: Environment furniture need to be able to embody and express the characteristics and quality of urban space, create a unique space character for the development zone. It can reflect its environmental quality and reflect the historical context of continuous with the original cities, embody high technical personnel's quality, show the features of development zone. In the process of design, environment furniture can be composited with variety function, offers a variety of possible ways for people's behavior, make its required for people to choose, and in a flexible range, meet people needs ,so as to improve the use efficiency of furniture in the environment.Urban design of development zone in HarbinUrban design work from overall environmental planning as human-centered , its aim to improve the city's overall image and environment landscape, improve people's quality of life, it is the extension of urban planning and embodiment, deepen the environmental design. In view of the Harbin development zone with existied problems and insufficiency, proposed following suggests.----Create good innovation environmentDevelopment zone as higher education level ，good economic conditions, quality request is higher, corresponding construction excellent urban environment can be condensed popular, attracting venture investment conditions. Therefore, development zone in Harbin during the process of development, has been committed to the continuous improvement of the investment environment and investment projects of concentration, especially since the second startup, clearly put forward such as "environment is productivity", "development is the absolute principle" concept to strengthen the work.----Shape unique landscapeA good landscape environment, facilitate inspiration, improve the work efficiency. Design landscape for development zone can from these aspects:city skylines, building height partition, landscape view corridor, urban sign system. City skylines not only can reflect the overall urban image, also show the city construction of personality. A desire for success and glory of the development zone , in accordance with natural topography and land use function, differential rent, building density factors such as conceptual design international contour line;Building height partition: in order to make the whole city has beautiful skyline, we often need to highly partition development zone construction. it is very important in the development zone of urban design, which can improve the internal industrial land plant height and the monotonous landscape similar, better reflect the depth of space and level, make the urban spatial structure and skyline variety; Landscape view corridor: the provision of "space" in order to make sure the line of sight, it purpose to safeguard the human and the nature in an extension of the visual relationship between the scenic spots, prevent some scene is building block.Some design exquisite landscape view corridor can not only enhance the culture atmosphere of development zone, also can protect all kinds of important in visual link between artificial and natural attractions;Urban sign system: city need perfect symbol system, the symbol may be some of the important enterprises, urban oneself, may be a river lake, a life habit, can also be a sign of a carefully designed, whatever it is, they are all in the crowd about the place, the most charming city's urban real name card.-----Improve human environment, construct high quality community communication space Modern exhibition hall, park, golf course, tennis court, the international club, JingPinJie and street sculpture etc. Constitute the new culture of hardware facilities; Perfect sports facilities can fully reflects the image development zone, enhance cohesion, and high technology talent can make full use of these facilities to exercise the body, maintain energy, strengthen the team spirit; Education facilities is the third important factor, because high technical talents mostly between the ages of 30 to 40, most of their children at the age of the compulsory education. Therefore, must strengthen the construction of the lower education, secondary education facilities.Development zone communication space, the faster information transmission, the fasterhigh technology industry development, so it will inevitably drive the rapid economic development of development zone.The space of development zone can be divided into formal and informal communication two types of communication. Formal communication space refers to meeting place, training venues, multi-function hall, library, etc.; Informal communication space refers to interior space such as bars, clubs, restaurants and outdoor, such as park, square, street, etc. So requirements development zone should provide good cultural environment and high quality communication space, and the implementation of these objectives can be realized through the urban design.ConclusionsUrban design should serve the development of high and new technology enterprise, serve people demand in which work and life, it cannot blindly follow the domestic and foreign experience, and simply compare with other cities, we should find practical and effective path to urban design. Through urban design should make development zone has a beautiful environment, facilities, convenient transportation, information flow, business fast innovation environment and humane environment, in which to work and life of the people to provide a comfortable and pleasant environment. Give full play to the role of the development zone, make positive contribution to the development of local economy.References[1] Lin Zhang, The transportation strategy and planning for development in epitaxial City, Chang 'an university, Master's degree ,2005[2] Wantai Hu, Urban design operation mechanism, Southeast university press, Master's degree ,2002[3] Jianguo Wang, The modern city design theory and method. Southeast university press, Master's degree, 2001[4] Kai Du, Build the urban design strategy for innovation environment in high technology park , Huazhong university of science and technology, Master's degree,2004[5] Yang Wang,Study on Designation of landscape environment for Chinese HI-Tech Parks, Xi’an university of architecture and technology, Master's degree ,2003。