2019高考备考周阅读四
备考2019年高考英语一轮复习测试：任务型阅读(七选五)
备考2019年高考英语一轮复习测试：任务型阅读（七选五）1.（2018•北京）任务型阅读Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ________Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.________ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits.Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ________ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.________Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.________However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.2.任务型阅读Life is kind of like a party. You invite a lot of people, some leave early, some stay all night, some laugh with you, some laugh at you, and some show up really late. But in the end, after the fun, there are a few who stay to help you clean up the mess. And most of the time, they aren't even the ones who made themess________ They are the ones who matter most. Here are four things real friends do differently: They face problems together. A real friend is someone who sees the pain in your eyes while everyone else still believes the smile on your face.________Just look for someone who will face them with you.________Your word means everything. If you say you're going to do something, DO IT! If you say you're going to be somewhere, BE THERE! If you say you feel something, MEAN IT! If you can't, won't, and don't, then DON'T LIE. Real friends keep promises and tell the truth upfront.They accept each other. Trying to change a person never works. A real friend is someone who truly knows you and loves you just the same.________ Be yourself and people will love the real you. If you feel like changing something about your friend, ask yourself what change you can make in yourself instead.They support each other's growth changes. Our needs change with time. When someone says, “You've changed,” it's not always a bad thing.________Don't apologize for it. Instead, be open and sincere, explain how you feel, and keep doing what you know in your heart is right,A. They keep their promises.B. No one is happy all the time.C. They make time for each other.D. Don't change so that people will like you.E. Sometimes it just means you've grown.F. These people are your real friends in life.G. Don't look for someone who will solve all your problems.3.任务型阅读Common public speaking problemsThe use of “I feel”, “I think” and “maybe”In the question-and-answer session of the speaking competition, many contestants began their answers with uncertain expressions like “I feel”, “I guess”, “I hear”, “maybe” and “perhaps”. These w ords show that the person is only speaking from his or her point of view________Work on keeping your answers brief and to the point________ Instead of the empty-sounding “I guess”, using facts, together with a clear conclusion based on those facts, is far more likely to be popular with an audience.Using only one speaking style“Don't stick to the same tone________ For example, when they spoke about their dreams some sounded romatic. Others used humor. Very few used several different styles together. Try mixing more than one style, rather than just sticking with the same one.Irresponsible answersPublic speaking is different from personal conversations. You're responsible for your words________So you should think twice before you talk. Don't belike the student who, when asked about his opinion on book piracy（盗版）, started by saying he supported it.Talking around the topic rather than directly answering itYou should focus on one point and give a clear solution. The key is to work out what question is being asked. Is it asking you to discuss a certain topic or to present your own point of view?Use one or two arguments together and give a strong conclusion________A. It can be boring. Try to mix it up.B. Also work on delivering them with calmness and confidence.C. Even though you want to answer quickly, you don't want to sound foolish.D. This lacks the support of facts and seems not to be reliable for the judges and audience.E. Remember that judges are not judging you on whether they agree, but on your ability to say what you think clearly.F. Confidence is extremely important in public speaking as it lets a speaker sound more convincing.G. Deliberate gestures and affected（做作的）expressions of feelings are improper in a successful speech.4.任务型阅读Listening to others requires entering actively and imaginatively into the situation and trying to understand a frame of reference different from your own, and yet so many of us don't listen properly as we should. Listening means more than just sitting silently while someone else talks.________Here are some ways to become a better listener.________ Make sure you actually hear fully what your friend is saying, and you can't cut your friend off verbally carelessly. While you might intend to help move the conversation along your friend might feel as if what he has said needs to be continually talked over or sounds anything but interesting.Nod to encourage the conversation along. A better option to let your friend know you're interested in what he says is just to nod along from time to time. Sometimes you nod along but then start thinking about something unrelated to what he could say.________Turn out background noise. If you're easily distracted by laughter, glasses clinking, children crying, you might need to work extra hard to focus only on your friend.________ Don't hesitate to tell them that the background noises are getting in the way. If you can't focus, try moving to another area.Don't text or look at your phone!________ For you see, when you're sitting in front of someone, he is themost important person in your world at that moment.A. Stop the speaker whenever you have a question.B. Practice silence when someone else is talking.C. If necessary, ask your friend to repeat himself.D. Whoever is calling or texting can wait until you're done with your conversation.E. It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it.F. In this case, try to push away your thoughts until you're absorbed in what your friend is saying.G Remembering ideas from previous conversations proves that your attention is kept and encourages your friend to continue.5.任务型阅读Perhaps at one point in time, it was acceptable to start any letter or e-mail with “To Whom It May Concern.”________ Starting your cover letter or e-mail for a job this way might give off the impression that you didn't do your research on who you're writing to________After all, people who address other people by their names when writing and speaking to them tend to be more pleasant.________It can be used in letters of recommendation or reference, formal complaints（抱怨）made to a company, letters of introduction, and letters of interest.Grammarly uses the example of needing to write a letter of recommendation, for a colleague who will have to make several copies to distribute to interviewers________“In most cases, though, try to narrow your focus rather than cast a broad net,” notes Grammarly.”Ask yourself. Who does this e-mail concern? If you can honestly answer 'Anyone, 'then feel free to use “To Whom It May Concern.” （These are the things you should never say in your cover letter.）If you do happen to find that using “To Whom It May Concern” is appropriate, don't make grammar mistakes, for example, letters or punctuation.________A. However, it maybe interesting.B. Those times have changed, though.C. Making mistakes in writing will surely get you low scores.D. It's also very impersonal, which some employers might not appreciate.E. In that circumstance, sending and receiving letters is more of a formal greeting.F. You might want to take note of other common errors you might be committing, too.G. But according to Grammarly, there are four times when it's OK to use this greeting.6.任务型阅读No personal success, achievement, or goal, can be realized without self-discipline.________ It is the ability to control one's impulses, emotions, desires and behavior. To possess it is to make the decisions, take the actions, and carry out your plan regardless of the obstacles, discomfort, or difficulties, that may come your way.How to develop self-discipline? We'll explore it together.Start with baby steps. No process takes place overnight.________So, begin by making the decision to go forward and learning what it takes to get there.Learn what motivates you and what your bad triggers are.________ Sometimes it is very difficult to fight off urges, so know the areas where your resistance is low and how to avoid those situations. Remove the temptations and surround yourself with encouraging items such as motivating slogans and pictures of what you want to achieve.Make certain behaviors a routine. Once you have decided what's important to you and which goals to strive for, establish a daily routine that will help you achieve them.________They can put you in a negative frame of mind and hinder（阻碍）your self-discipline. A poor attitude can also be a bad habit.________ Michael Jordan has always maintained that his greatness as a basketball player came as much from his willingness to work hard at this craft, as it did his craft, as it did his talent. It was his desire through discipline and focus that made him one of the best basketball players ever. If it worked for him, it could certainly work for the rest of us.A. What is self-discipline?B. Engage in sports activities.C. Get inspiration from those you admire.D. You can begin by learning about yourself?E. If you try to do too much at once, you could injure yourself and have a seatback.F. Meanwhile, get rid of some of your bad, self-defeating habits, whatever they may be.G. It does mean learning how to focus your mind and energies on your goals until they are accomplished.7.任务型阅读How to Make PlansMost people get seared when talking about planning or writing plans.________ And you need to plan for success as planning redly works and inspires you to go straight ahead. However, how to create effective plans is still a problem. Don't worry, and just follow the steps below.Step 1________What plans have you had in the past? Probably, in some of your plans, you haven't ended up where youthought you were going to end up, Get a good understanding of what you have done and what you haven't done in the past. It is a primary foundation for your new plan. If having no plan, just take actions and make plans right now.Step 2 Think about the What - IfsWhen you are building your plans, you should consider where you are going and make clear the What - Its, Because not everything just goes smoothly as you believe.________Step 3 Document the plansWhen starting to make plans, you should try to write them down. It is of key importance for the future.________ In addition, make sure you have the plans fully written out with all the key elements concerned, including details.Step 4 Update the plansAccording to your written plans and actual situation, you should check out the plans you have completed and haven't completed.________Make sure all the assumptions are there and work out the details. After hanging on for some days, planning will be getting simpler and easier.A. Review historical plansB. Make new plans immediatelyC. Actually, people are more likely to succeed in a planned wayD. And you need to continue what you haven't done and update itE. Not all people can memorize every word they said and thought wellF. And what you should do next is to check your plan monthly or quarterlyG. For your benefits, you need to make Plan A and Plan B in case of changes and contingencies（偶发事件）.8.任务型阅读The goal of homework is to help students remember and understand what they learned in school that day. It can also help teach them independence and time-management and planning skills, which are keys to success in the real world.________ Here are some successful habits of how to do a good job of homework. Set the stage.Your children need a quiet spot to do their homework.This should be the same place every day, whether it is at the kitchen table or at their desk in their room.________You can take the time to work on a quiet task of your own, whether it's paying bills, reading the newspaper, or planning the next day.Time it right.Homework for young children should be done when your children get home from school, because theinformation is still fresh in their minds and they have enough energy. Have your kids eat some snacks and talk about their day with you.Then have them start their homework.________It's not your homework: it's theirs.You need to be involved in homework to see what your children are learning and how well they know what they need to know.________But guide them if they are struggling. You want them to get the feeling of pride and accomplishment on their own.________Let your children know how grown up it is for them to have homework and how proud you are of them. Try to instill (灌输）into them that it is “fun” to be able to do the assigned tasks. Let them show you their work, praise them for finishing their homework, and always do it with a smile.A. Be hopeful and confident.B. Get excited and be positive.C. Be nearby while they do their homework.D. Be sure not to do the homework for your children.E. That means the television is shut off, even for you.F. A small amount of homework also has a great influence on students.G. Arrange other activities for later in the day so kids can get their homework done first.9.任务型阅读Summer is the perfect time to relax.As you plan for your trip,here are some tips on how to protect yourself. ________Fight against the mosquitoes in the hot spots.There are many mosquito-borne illnesses in tropical regions,which are traditionally vacation hot spots. Therefore,mosquito repellent（驱蚊剂）that contains DEET should be an essential item in your travel bag.________In lesser-developed countries there is less equipment for clean water and public health.If you can't avoid unhealthful water,make sure you bring along a tea or coffee—making pot that will boil water for you.You'd better buy a case or two of water and check that all bottle caps are sealed to assure the bottled water isn't just a refilled bottle of dirty tap water.Always protect your feet.It's best to wear slippers in the shower,but if you must be barefoot,put a towel down on the floor.________You should never walk barefoot in any area of a foreign country,including your hotel room.Be sure to eat safe fruits.________They may have been washed in the same water,or wiped with the same rag used to clean work surfaces in kitchens.The best advice is to bring your own peeler（削皮器）so that you know that something clean has been applied to the fruit.Enjoy the smell of roadside stands,not the food.Unless the food is piping hot when served,it's best to stay away from roadside stands,no matter how good the smell of the food might be.If you are concerned about whether a restaurant is clean,order the food to go.________A.Don't trust the local waterB.Any fruit served fresh may be pollutedC.Look out for any water not served in a bottleD.The boxes may be cleaner than the plate or fork on the tableE.You should know how to keep yourself away from dirty fruitsF.They are necessary to avoid coming back with a major illness from your tripG.Parasites（寄生虫）can enter the skin of your feet and travel to different parts of the body10.任务型阅读Happiness begins from appreciationIf you are feeling that life just cannot be any worse for you, it can be challenging to think positive. When stressed, depressed, upset or otherwise in a negative state of mind because you are aware that misfortune keeps occurring, it is important to shift those negative thoughts to something positive. ________ It is often very hard to think positive when so many things are negative, but be sure that someone, somewhere is worse off than you. ________ If you start with one small, positive thing and appreciate it during the course of your day, you will begin to move into a more positive situation and people will start showing up in your life. With appreciation, you will find that over time, you will change your outlook and choose to be happy, regardless of the events around you. ________Begin and end each day with a “Thank you for this wonderful, glorious day!”When you see the rise of gas prices, say “I am so glad to have a vehicle in which to get around.”When your boss is too hard on you, say “I am grateful for my job as I know that many don't have one.”If you are having health problems, be grateful for what does work: “I re ally do appreciate it that my eyes see, my ears hear, my mouth tastes, my legs walk, my arms lift and my mind thinks and everything else works.”Write down what you're grateful for each day. In moments when you're feeling really down, read loudwhat you wrote previously. ________ If you practice this regularly, you will find your list getting longer and longer.The key is to move yourself into a positive thought and keep it there long enough to make it a moment of appreciation. ________A. This will certainly help uplift your spirits.B. If not, you will only attract more misfortune.C. It is of great importance to learn to be grateful.D. The more you appreciate, the happier you'll be.E. If you have made some achievements in your career.F. Here are a few common examples for you to practice.G. You can choose to think differently by beginning with the smallest of steps.11.任务型阅读Mondays are kind of annoying.________ A recent survey says that most people get the pre-work “Sunday blues”. Start ing your Monday feeling sad, anxious and unorganized is hardly the way to kick off a healthy week.The solution? Set aside a little time on Sunday to purposefully prepare yourself for the five days ahead, suggests women's health expert Marsha Hudnall.________Do some meal preparations.Figuring out what to have for dinner on weeknights can be surprisingly stressful. Stretching out a menu plan on Sunday and swinging by the grocery store for ingredients will help you eat well. Go a step further by chopping and cooking vegetables and a protein (like a roast chicken or scrambled eggs).________ Or finally attempt a different diet you've been meaning to try. For easy dinner planning, just order, and you'll have a week's worth of raw materials for delicious and healthy meals.Start a Sunday stress-relief habit.“To be healthy, we have to take care of body and mind,” says Hudnall. Stress has a major impact on health and our ability to concentrate.________ Four ideas to try: a guided meditation with the help of an app; forest bathing－a practice known as shinrin-yoku in Japan, which basically means taking a long walk or hike in a wooded area; gentle exercise like yoga; or time cuddling and playing with your pet.________Why not prepare your favorite clothes for Monday? Studies show that what you wear can have a significant effect on your mood. So make Monday the day you wear your favorite clothes or show the latestaddition to your wardrobe (衣橱). It's also a good idea to get some nice coffee or music ready, which will give you something to look forward to on your Monday commute.A. Give yourself something to look forward on Monday.B. Even Sunday afternoons turn sour as we think of the workweek ahead.C. Then all you have to do is heat and plate when you come home from work.D. Therefore, starting a Sunday stress-relieving habit can begin a week feeling strong and focused.E. Try creating a relaxing and winding down Sunday night so that you can recharge and get ready for Monday.F. Taking on just a few of these simple lips every Sunday will help you launch a productive, less stressful week.G. Wailing until the last moment to do weekend chores like paying bills or doing laundry can leave you anxious and stressed on Sunday.12.任务型阅读A conversation with a good listener is like a good meal—we walk away feeling satisfied and happy.________Here are 4 ways to make your conversation partner feel like you're fully tuned in to their personal radio station.________Making your conversation partner feel safe starts with two things: an open mind and keeping judgment to yourself. Just as immersing（沉浸）yourself in a novel requires suspension of disbelief, immersing yourself in listening requires suspension of opinions or advice. While judgments may appear into your head, set them to the side.Ask questions to follow your natural curiosity.When you're interested, ask questions.________Ask for examples. Ask for details. Following your natural curiosity by asking questions not only shows you are listening and interested, but almost always produces an interesting story.Listen with your whole body.In many a kindergarten classroom, teachers emphasize something called “whole body listening”. It goes like this: use your eyes to watch nonverbal（非语言）, your brain to think about what is being said, your heart to feel emotions» and keep the rest of your body quiet to show respect. But many of us lose it over time, especially as life gets busy. The result? We often try to multitask while listening.________ Validate（使生效）with simple phrases.Keep in your back pocket some validating words and phrases to show you've heard someone.“Of course.” “That makes sense.” “Naturally.” “Clearly.” “For sure.”________In conversation, combining those li ttle phrases: “Of course you feel that way.” or “That makes total sense.” doesn't necessarily convey agreement, but it does convey something even bigger：acceptance.A. Create safety.B. Devote yourself to listening.C. It's appealing to talk about your own experience.D. We half-listen while getting things done or staring at a screen.E. Think like a journalist and ask what, when, where, why or how.F. But being a good listener goes way beyond just not interrupting or nodding your head.G. All of these statements confirm a person's experience or feelings as worthy and accepted.13.任务型阅读How to Feel Beautiful to the InsidePublic opinion may have some say in who is considered “beautiful” on the outside, but inner beauty takes on a whole other meaning. ________ Learn what beauty means to you and have the confidence to live by your own rules starting today.Ask yourself what beauty means to you. How do you define(定义)inner beauty? Is it a person who is always smiling? Someone who has kind words for everyone he meets? Or, is your definition of beauty more complex? ________ Take a pen and a notebook and write down some words that help you describe inner beauty.Have confidence in who you are. In addition to stressing your character strengths, you can apply other ways to feel more confident________ This can be anything from making music to playing sports. Doing things you are good at builds self-respect.Smile and laugh more. ________, just arranging your face into a smiling expression can thoroughly change your mood. Smiles can lead to a more positive mood and a more hopeful attitude. It can not only make you feel beautiful inside, but also improve your outer beauty.________ A reliable method of developing your own inner beauty is adopting the habit of seeing the beauty in everything. All around you, there are amazing people, places and things. Make an effort to slow down and acknowledge these daily.A. Notice the beauty around you.B. When you want to get feelings of confidence.C. Even if you don't quite feel up to it at the moment.D. Besides, you should try to laugh as much as possible.E. Take a moment to reflect on what beauty means to you.F. It has more to do with your character than your appearance.G. Frequently take party in activities in which you perform well.14.任务型阅读What is stereotype? It is commonly known as a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people, consisting of gender, age, occupation, etc.Gender stereotype refers to a judgment about someone according to their sex instead of believing in their ability. Men have been thought to be a leader, strong, aggressive and brave. ________ Age stereotype is that someone judges other people's behavior and appearance because of the age. Children are often described innocent, naughty. Then, young people are usually stereotyped impatient, rebellious and indulge in comfort. Adults are related to responsibility. ________ Because the old people are stereotyped weak and sick, not moving flexibly, which means to be a big trouble.________ A concept can easily be formed that star is a descent and charming job with a lot of fun and more opportunities to contact fashion and celebrity, to dress up, and to taste delicious food in high-class restaurants. But not all stars can have these wonderful experiences. ________ They have to work on the other business to earn money under the pressure of life.Some view stereotype a good way to enable them to response to different things, judging if they are good or bad, as well as adapt into a new environment. However, some stereotypes are not quite consistent with the reality. ________Society is developing every day, if we are always looking at it with stereotype, we will lose another side of it. Therefore, it is a good choice for us to deal with issues in wider perspective.A. Women can also take charge of the nation and run their business.B. There are more stereotypes about stars than other occupations.C. Occupation stereotype also occurs in our minds.D. So most people consider it easy to produce prejudice or misunderstandings.E. Some stars' salary is lower than common white-collar workers.F. But women are thought to be attached, weak, compromised and soft.G. Nowadays, many adults are not willing to attend to their parents.15.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019北京高考语文必读篇目汇总,附-文学名著备考技巧_励志书籍
2019北京高考语文必读篇目汇总,附:文学名著备考技巧作为最能展示学生文学素养的科目，语文一直是高考中最先考试的科目，也是北京考生备考的重点。
在北京卷的高考语文中，哪些篇目是高考必考的呢？下面高考君就为你盘点一下北京市高考语文中的必读篇目。
近期，北京市教委发布《北京市中小学语文学科教学改进意见》，指出中、高考语文试卷中增大古诗文、现代文阅读量，增加优秀传统文化内容考查，适当增加主观题的比例，设置“可选择性”作文命题。
同时，教育部发布的2019年高考改革的大纲中，也要求语文学科注重增加学生的阅读量、全方位考查学生的古代文化常识,考查学生对于文学、实用类文本信息的获取能力。
由此可见，增加语文阅读量是必然趋势。
高考君提醒各位考生在牢记课本内容的同时，也可以适当增加一些课外阅读。
下面是北京高考语文中的一些必读篇目，希望北京考生认真阅读并牢记。
北京市高考语文古诗文背诵篇目（一）古文（ 23 篇）1. 子路、曾暂、冉有、公西华侍坐《论语》2. 生于忧患，死于安乐（“故天将降大任而死于安乐也”）《孟子》1 / 63. 劝学4.曹刿论战5. 烛之武退秦师（“夜缝而出乃还”）6. 邹忌讽齐王纳谏7. 逍遥游（“北冥有鱼之二虫又何知”）8. 鸿门宴（“楚左尹项伯者庄不得击”）9. 出师表10. 陈情表（“伏惟圣朝不能废远”）11. 桃花源记12. 归去来兮辞（不包括“序”）13. 兰亭集序（“永和九年岂不痛哉”）14. 滕王阁序（“豫章故郡声断衡阳之浦”）15. 师说（“睦乎其可怪也驮”）16. 陋室铭17. 小石潭记柳宗元18. 阿房宫赋（“一人之心亦使后人而复哀后人也”）杜牧19. 岳阳楼记范仲淹20. 醉翁亭记欧阳修21. 前赤壁赋（“圭戌之秋托遗响于悲风”）苏轼22. 游褒禅山记（“于是余有叹焉此余之所得也”）王安石23. 爱莲说周敦颐2 / 6（二）诗词曲（ 22 首）1. 氓2. 国殇3. 归园田居（其一）4. 虞美人（春花秋月何时了）5. 送杜少府之任蜀州6. 梦游天姥吟留别7. 闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄8. 春夜喜雨9. 蜀相10.登高11.琵琶行（不包括“序”）12.泊秦淮13.苏幕遮（碧云天）14.念奴娇?赤壁怀古15.定风波（莫昕穿林打叶声）16.声声慢（寻寻觅觅）17.书愤18.钗头凤（红酥于）19.永遇乐?京口北固亭怀古20.菩萨蛮（郁孤台下清江水）3 / 621.窦娥冤（［滚绣球］）22.沁园春?长沙说明：文言文凡未注起记的，即要求全文背诵。
2019年高考语文试题(全国3卷)含答案精解版
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（全国3卷）注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
传统表演艺术是我国非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分，同时也是一-座蘊藏丰富、有待进一步开发利用的民族民间艺术资源宝库。
经过十几年的努力，一些传统表演艺术项目已走出困境，呈现出新的生机与活力，但仍有一些项目面临着不容忽视的新问题。
传统表演艺术与普通民众生活息息相关，其表演通赏具有群体性特征：无论侗族大歌还是壮族山歌，人人都可展示歌喉；无论汉族的秧歌，还是藏民的锅庄，民众欢乐起舞的场面都蔚为大观。
对这类非物质文化遗产的保护就要坚持其生活性、群体性，而不应仅局限在艺术团体或演出以等小范围内。
广大民众为庆贸丰收、祭祖敬神、禳灾祈福而载歌载舞的即兴表演，寄托着他们深沉的精神追求和丰富情感。
使传统表演艺术“雅化”，国然能彭显各类民族民间艺术的特色，但也弱化了传统表演艺术的民俗文化内涵。
当然，各类民间表演艺术经过充分提炼和艺术升华，进而搬上舞台，其成功之作会对此类非物质文化遗产的传播起到促进作用。
如春晚舞台上，藏族舞蹈《飞弦踏春》、蒙古族舞路《吉祥项》等都曾大放异彩。
然而，在对民间表演艺术进行再创作的过程中，有些实施者没有坚持本真性的原则，并一些传统艺术改编得面目。
比如，有些人在改造民乐时套用西方音乐端排方式，被改骗的作品便失了自身的魂魄。
因此，对民族民同传统艺术进行“二度创作”，应既不失其本真的艺术特性，适应民众新的审美需求。
要做到这一点就需要编导们深法民同地融入现代元素，行实地调研、采风，挖掘出民间艺术的基本元素与本质精神。
2019届高考语文一轮复习 第1周 专项限时练1 实用类、论述类文本阅读
2019届高考语文一轮复习第1周专项限时练1 实用类、论述类文本阅读(一)阅读下面的文字，完成文后题目。
(10分)①这是一个自拍——还有自拍杆的时代。
不要误解我：自拍真是件令人欲罢不能的事儿，而且在两年前的毕业典礼演讲上，我还特意鼓励毕业生们多给我们发送一些自拍照，让我们知道他们毕业后过得怎么样。
但是仔细想想，如果每个人都过着整天自拍的生活，这会是怎样一个社会呢？对于我来说，那也许是“利己主义”最真实的写照了。
②韦氏词典里，“利己主义”的同义词包括“以自我为中心”“自恋”和“自私”。
我们无休止地关注我们自己、我们的形象、我们得到的“赞”，就像我们不停地用一串串的成就来美化我们的简历，去申请大学、申请研究生院、申请工作——借用Shepard的话来说，就是不停进行地“自我放大”。
③正如一位社会评论家所观察到的那样，我们都在不停地为打造自己的品牌而努力。
我们花很多时间盯着屏幕看，却忽视了身边的人。
我们生活中的很大一部分经历不是被我们体验到的，而是被保存、分享并流传于Snapchat和Instagram等APP上的——最终它们呈现出的是一种由我们所有人合成的自拍照。
④当然，适度的利己是我们的本性。
正如我们哈佛大学的生物学家E.O.Wilson教授最近写的：“我们是一个充满无尽好奇心的物种——只要对象是我们自己以及我们自己知道或想知道的人们。
”但是我想强调的是，这种自我迷恋会有两个令人不安的后果：⑤首先，它削弱了我们对于他人的责任感——一种服务他人的意识。
这种意识正是Thomas Shepard所描述的哈佛大学的使命：让毕业生们不断成长，超越自我。
这种成长并不仅仅是为了每个人自身的利益，更是为了他人和整个世界——这也是这所大学一直以来努力为之奋斗的使命。
⑥我们的学生和教授已经通过服务周围的社区以及整个世界，身体力行地践行这种使命。
从为哈佛所在Allston小镇的中小学生进行课外辅导，到去利比亚参与缓解埃博拉病毒危机的工作，哈佛人改变着无数人的生活。
2019-2020年高考英语(四月)阅读、信息匹配选练(2)
2019-2020年高考英语（四月）阅读、信息匹配选练（2）【由北京市丰台区xx高考模拟改编】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A Mountain of Green BeansAnother envelope in the mail. There’s my name, Alexander Spencer, typed on the front. I throw it under the bed. The piles of envelopes are growing.The envelopes were applications to all the colleges I was supposed to attend. I did open the first envelope. Then I saw the application, all those blank spaces I was supposed to fill with my own writing, spaces for my name and birth date and grade average and … statement of purpose. I looked at them for a long time. I could write for hours and not fill all those spaces. So I put the application back in the envelope. I would fill it out the next day, when I had time. But another envelope arrived. And then the pile began.The pile scares me — it is really like a monster. All the while, I feel the weight of a million envelopes raining down on my head until my grandmother calls me and wants to know how I am.“I am overe by too many tasks,” I say.“Honey, you just take it bit by bit,” she says, and she reminds me about the green beans.When I was a little kid I hated green beans. But my mom said I couldn’t leave the table until I ate ten green beans. All alone at the table, I stared at the green beans for what seemed like hours. It was a mountain of green beans. I couldn’t do it.My grandma came to me and asked if I could eat one green bean.“But Grandma, I have to eat ten!”She said all I had to do was to eat one green bean. One tiny little green bean. So I ate one. It was bad, but not as bad as I’d thought it would be. Then she asked me again if I could eat one. So I ate one green bean nine more times.My grandma doesn’t know about the envelopes, but she tells me anyone can do one thing every day. Back in my room, I lay down on the bed. Just like I used to do when I was a little kid, I hang my head down to look at the pile of envelopes. There it is. But instead of a monster, I see a pile of green beans. Who’s afraid of green beans?1. Envelopes are piling up because the author _______.doesn’t know how to replyfeels bored of the paper workdoesn’t want to attend collegehas been too busy to open them2. What does the author learn from the story of the green beans?A. A good start is half done.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. A long journey begins with a single step.D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.3. What do you think the author will do next?A. He will fill out the applications one after another.B. He will go to the college that he dreams of.C. He will throw away all the envelopes.D. He will eat up the green beans.【参考答案】1—3、B C A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
2019版高考英语一轮复习人教第一周 星期四 阅读理解(时文报道类+说理议论类)+完形填空(记叙文) Word
Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·吉林长春外国语学校期中)ThisyearRio，ahostoftheOlympics2016，isintheinternationalspotlight.★Phelpsputsspotlightoncupping(拔火罐)OlympicgoldmedalistMichaelPhelpsledAmericanswimmerstoagoldmedalinthe4×100-meterrelay ，butwhatgrabbedmediaattentionandledtostoriesandphotosaroundtheglobewerethepurpleandredcircleso nhisback.MichaelPhelpsoftheUSAisseenwithredcuppingmarksonhisshoulderashecompetesduringthe2016Ri oOlympicsmen’s200mbutterflyinRiodeJaneiro，Brazil，Aug8,2016.★FacialexpressionsofChineseswimmerFuYuanhuigoesviralChina’swomen’sswimmerFuYuanhuihascreatedasensationonlinenotjustbywinningthebronzeme dalinthe100mbackstrokecompetition，butalsobyherfacialexpressionsduringthepost-semifinalinterview withChinaCentralTelevision (CCTV) onMonday.Whenaskedwhethersheheldbackforthefinal，Fureplied，“No，Iutilizedmy‘prehistorical’pow er.”Whatshemeantwasthatshehadsparednoeffortsinthesemifinal.Sincethen，theso-called“prehistoricalpower”hasgoneviralandbecomeanewInternetmeme.★BritainwinsfirstOlympicdivinggoldinmen’ssynchronized3mspringboardBritain’sJackLaugherandChrisMearsendedChina’sgoldmedalmonopoly(垄断) overdivingeventsattheRioOlympicsbywinningthemen’ssynchronized3mspringboardfinalonWednesda y，thecountry’sfirst-everOlympicgoldmedalindiving.LaugherandMearsfinishedwithasix-roundtotalof454.32points，just4.11pointsaheadofsilvermedalis tsMikeHixonandSamDormanoftheUSAattheMariaLenkAquaticsCenter.China’sCaoYuanandQinKaitookthebronzewith443.70points. 1．WhatattractedmediaattentionwithPhelps’winningthegoldmedal?A．Hisgreatleadership.B．Hisscarsonhisback.C．Thecuppingmarksonhisback.D．Hisachievementshemadeinthemen’s200mbutterfly. 2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhyFuYuanhuibecamethespotlight?A．Herdevotionanddeterminationtoswimming.B．Herachievementinthe100mbackstrokecompetition.C．Herfacialexpressionsduringthepost-semifinalinterview. D．Herhumourousreplytothereporter—socalled“prehistoricalpower”．3．Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdnews?A．Chinadidn’twinanygoldmedalsindivingeventsattheRioOlympics. B．BritainbecamethegoldmedalmonopolistofdivingeventsattheRioOlympics.C．MikeHixonandSamDormanoftheUSAtooksilverwith447.81points.D．BritainhadneverwontheOlympicdivinggoldmedalbeforetheRioOlympics.4．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A．Ahistorytextbook.B．Anewsreport.C．Adetectivenovel.D．Atravelbrochure.B(2018·福建闽侯第六中学月考)Manyofusmistakenlybelievethatit’swrongtothinkwehaveanygoodqualities.Wemayspendalotoftim eblamingourselvesforournegativequalities，thinkingthatself-criticismisthekeytoimprovingourperforma nce.However，aconstantfocusonoursupposedshortcomingscanstopoureffortstomakefriendswithotherpe ople.Howcanwebelievethatotherscouldlikeusifwebelieveourinnerbeingisflawed(有缺陷的)?Ifsomeoneseemstodislikeyou，thereasonforthatdislikemighthavelittleornothingtodowithyou.Thepe rsonwhodoesn’tlikeyoumightbefearful，orshallow，orbusyorshy.Perhapsyouandthatpersonaresimplyamismatchforeachotheratthisparticulartime.Don’ttakeyourselfoutofthegamebydecidingthatyourflawsarebiggerthanyourgoodqualities.Infact ，someoftheveryqualitiesyouconsidertobeflawsmaybeirresistibletosomeoneelse.Forallthefactorsthatmig htcauseonepersontorejectyou，thereareatleastasmanyfactorsthatwillworkinyourfavorwithsomeoneelse.Youmightbethirtypoundsoveryouridealweight，butyoumayhaveawonderfullaughandarealenthusia smforlife.Therearemanypeoplewhodon’tmindyourextrapounds.Youmaydriveashabbycar，butyoumig htbeagreatdancerandaloyalfriend.Therearepeopleouttherelookingforloyalty，orfun，orsweetness，orw isdom，andthepackageitcomesinisnotimportant.Ifyouareworriedthatyouarenotbeautifulenoughtoattractf riends，keepinmindthatnoteveryoneislookingforphysicalbeautyintheirfriends.Youcandecidetofeelinferi or(自卑)becauseyoudon’thavemuchmoneyandyoudon’tdriveanicecar.Youcanbelievethatthisisthereasonthaty oudon’thavemanyfriendsinyourlife.Ontheotherhand，ifyouareverywealthyyoumaybesuspiciousthatev eryoneisafteryourmoneyandthatnobodyreallylikesyouasaperson.Thepointisthatyoucanfocusonjustaboutanythingandbelieveit’sthereasonyoudonothavefriendsandc annotmakeany.5．Accordingtotheauthorplaysanimportantroleinmakingfriends.A．admittingyourshortcomingsB．self-criticismC．modestyD．confidence6．Ifyouarenotlikedbyaperson，.A．youshouldfindthereasoninyourselfB．you’dbettertalkwiththepersonfacetofaceC．youmaynotbetheonetobeblamedD．youandthatpersonmisunderstandeachother7．Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat.A．yourgoodqualitiesmayturnouttobeyourflawsB．yourweaknessmayalsobeyourstrengthsinsomewayC．yournegativequalitiescauseapersontorejectyouD．you’llhavefewfriendsifyourflawsarebiggerthanyourgoodqualities 8．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?A．Itisimportanttoloseweight.B．Itiseasierforawealthypersontomakefriends.C．Innerqualitiesaremoreimportantthanphysicalappearance.D．Ifyouarenotbeautifulenough，trytoimproveyourphysicalbeauty.Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·甘肃天水三中段考)Fromthatdayon，wheneight-year-oldJackwithgrayeyesbeganridingmyschoolbus，hewasatrouble maker.Hisfatherpassedawayandhedidnotlivewithhismother.Ifafight9，itmusthaveJack.Ifagirlwascrying ，10werethatJackhadpulledherhair.Ipracticedeverybitof11，talkingtohimagainandagain，butnouse.No matterhowIspoketohim，12orstrictly，hewouldstareatmewiththosebiggrayeyes13aword.Towardstheendoftheyear，Ireceivedmanysmallgiftsfromkidsonmybus.Alittlegirlsentmeastarkeych ain.Shehadwritten，“IlovePollyandPollylovesme.”OnthelastdayofschoolIwas14becauseoftalkingtoth eheadmaster.WhenIgotonthebusI15thatthestarkeychainwasgone.“Jackwasthefirstonetogetonthebus.Ch eckhis16，”insistedthegirlwhohadgivenmethegift.Iaskedhimtocomeforward.I17myhandintoonepocket.ThenIfeltit—the18shapeofthekeychain.Jackst aredatmeforalongtime.Therewasno19inthosebiggrayeyes，andnoplea(请求)for20.Heseemedtobewaitingforwhatwouldhappen.Iwasaboutto21thekeychainoutofJack’spocketwhenI 22myself.“Lethimkeepit，”a23seemedtowhisper.“ItmusthavefallenoffbeforeIgothere，”Isaidtoth ekids.Manyyearslater，Iwasinadepartmentstore24someonesaid，“Polly？”Iturnedtoseethebiggrayey es.Tomy25，hehuggedmeandpulled26fromhispocket—thekeychainthat27，“IlovePollyandPollyloves me.”“Youweretheonlyonewhokept28，”heexplained.Wehuggedagain...9．A.builtupB．gaveup C．brokeoutD．pickedout 10．A.challengesB．changes C．choicesD．chances11．A.interestB．respect C．patienceD．hope12．A.slowlyB．gently C．coldlyD．rudely13．A.withoutB．through C．afterD．upon14．A.observedB．delayed C．complainedD．punished 15．A.wonderedB．doubted C．admittedD．realized16．A.seatB．hands C．pocketsD．schoolbag 17．A.expandedB．raised C．hidD．reached18．A.charmingB．original C．familiarD．normal19．A.prideB．regret C．pleasureD．anger20．A.encouragementB．admission C．mercyD．escape21．A.pickB．slideC．ridD．pull22．A.stoppedB．enjoyedC．helpedD．prepared23．A.soundB．voiceC．toneD．noise24．A.untilB．whenC．beforeD．while25．A.delightB．fearC．surpriseD．amusement26．A.somethingB．anythingC．nothingD．everything27．A.wroteB．repeatedC．appearedD．said28．A.askingB．persuadingC．tryingD．arguing答案精析Ⅰ.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了里约奥运会上的一些热点聚焦。
2019高考复习文言文阅读山水游记类
山水游记类文言文阅读游记类文言文阅读祖国山河壮丽，有许多风景优美的地方，今天让我们跟随古人一起进入游记类文言文的阅读，去领略更多的美景吧！阅读步骤第一步：总体阅读，整体把握。
初步阅读时做题必不可少的一步。
在第一遍阅读时要梳理出下面两个重要点：重要点一：初步完成表格何人何时何故何地何景重要点二：梳理作者的“游踪”完成表格游览地点所见景物景物特征作者情感例1：阅读下面的文言文，先按照上面所讲的梳理出两个重要点，完成表格，然后回答问题。
游虞山记第二步：把握关键，深入分析。
通过第一遍的阅读。
我们初步把握了文章的基本脉络，接下来的阅读，我们就要找准文章及问题中的关键点，找到景和情的结合点，重点分析文章中作者评论的部分，这个分析在第一步的基础上，需要深入挖掘出情感及哲理。
即通过阅读，需要完成下面的表格。
何人何时何故何地何景何情何理例2：阅读下面的文言文，回答问题。
醒心亭记曾巩滁州之西南，泉水之涯，欧阳公作州之二年，构亭曰：“丰乐”，自为记以见其名之意。
既又直丰乐之东几百步，得山之高，构亭曰“醒心”，使巩记之。
凡公与州之宾客者游焉，则必即丰乐以饮。
或醉且劳矣，则必即醒心而望。
以见夫群山之相环，云烟之相滋，旷野之无穷，草树众而泉石嘉，使目新乎其所睹，耳新乎其所闻。
则其心洒然而醒，更欲久而忘归也。
故即其所以然而为名，取韩子退之《北湖》之诗云。
噫！其可谓善取乐于山泉之间，而名之以见其实，又善者矣。
虽然，公之乐，吾能言之。
吾君优游而无为于上，吾民给足而无憾于下，天下之学者，皆为材且良，夷狄、鸟兽、草木之生者，皆得其宜，公乐也。
一山之隅，一泉之旁，岂公乐哉？乃公所以寄意于此也。
若公之贤，韩子殁数百年，而始有之。
今同游之宾客，尚未知公之难遇也。
后百千年，有慕公之为人，而览公之迹，思欲见之，有不可及之叹，然后知公之难遇也。
则凡同游于此者，其可不喜且幸欤？而巩也，又得以文词托名于公文之次，其又不喜且幸欤？庆历七年八月十五日记。
【2019语文高考复习】文言文阅读核心情节：04忠厚长者
8、仍：接续。
9、殣：饿死。 10、廪食：指公家供给的粮食。
01.徐谦尊：仁者爱人，不必祸患。
明末赋役重，首事者往往破家，君条利弊上巡抚张公，公览而击节曰： “此真读书人。”于是广义田以资通区，置役田给诸甲，至今犹食其利焉。 崇祯末，旱蝗相仍，民殣于道路，君岁减廪食以资乡里，又劝助有力之家， 全活甚众。妻兄弟有老而独者养之二十年，没葬而岁祀之，君友黄某父子 死非所，遗二寡妇一女，君悉心护之，以其女字君从子，故黄氏终身不知 有孤寡之苦，黄之姻某喜豪举，忽罹大祸，君营救之为破家。
1、事亲：对待亲属。 2、孝友：事父母孝顺、对兄弟友爱。 3、大疫：大规模的疫病。 4、殆：病危。 5、疠气：指具有强烈传染性的病邪，是温疫病和某些外科感染的病因。
04.庾衮：孝友事亲。
庾衮，字叔褒，事亲以孝友闻。咸宁中大疫，长兄已亡，次兄毗复殆， 疠气方炽，父母诸弟皆出次于外。衮独留不去，遂亲自扶持，昼夜不眠， 其间复扶柩哀临不辍。如此十又余旬，疫势既歇，家人乃反，毗病得差， 衮亦无恙。父老咸曰：“异哉此子！守人所不能守，行人所不能行。”始 疑疫疠之不相染也。（节选自《晋书•庾衮传》）
高考文言文阅读核心情节：忠厚长者
文言文备考难点
1、积累实词没有方向，不成系列。 2、掌握了一定量的词汇，但仍然常常读不懂。 3、读不懂文本是做不对题的主要原因。
本系列课目标
1、展示积累词汇的方法。 2、从“情节”角度突破阅读难点。
文言文核心情节 之
忠厚长者
01.徐谦尊：仁者爱人，不必祸患。
明末赋役重，首事者往往破家，君条利弊上巡抚张公，公览而击节曰： “此真读书人。”于是广义田以资通区，置役田给诸甲，至今犹食其利焉。 崇祯末，旱蝗相仍，民殣于道路，君岁减廪食以资乡里，又劝助有力之家， 全活甚众。妻兄弟有老而独者养之二十年，没葬而岁祀之，君友黄某父子 死非所，遗二寡妇一女，君悉心护之，以其女字君从子，故黄氏终身不知 有孤寡之苦，黄之姻某喜豪举，忽罹大祸，君营救之为破家。 1、首事：出头主管其事的人或头面人物。 2、条利弊：分条陈述某事的利与弊。
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2019高考备考周阅读四一、成语积累百依百顺感情深唯命是从下听上辨析：这两个成语都有别人怎么说就怎么做的意思。
它们的区别在于百依百顺多指因为感情深而表现出顺从；唯命是从多含贬义，用于下级对上级的无条件服从。
包藏祸心面和善心怀鬼胎很反常辨析：这两个成语都有心里揣着坏念头的意思。
它们的区别在于包藏祸心偏重于指人伪装得很好，样子和善，态度镇定，内心却很险恶，有作恶、害人的念头。
心怀鬼胎常用于表示因内心有不可告人的心思而行为反常，局促不安。
饱经沧桑阅历丰饱经风霜历艰辛饱经忧患多苦难辨析：这三个成语都有经历多的意思。
它们的区别在于饱经沧桑偏重于指经历世事很多，阅历丰富，而饱经风霜偏重在饱受风吹霜打。
饱经忧患偏重于备受忧心事情的苦难。
报仇雪恨个人事报仇雪耻民族恨辨析：这两个成语都有报复冤仇的意思。
它们的区别在于报仇雪恨偏重在洗刷个人怨恨，而报仇雪耻偏重在洗除因外国侵略而使国家蒙受的耻辱。
抱残守缺思想旧固步自封不进取墨守成规很保守辨析：这三个成语都有保守不改变的意思。
它们的区别在于抱残守缺多形容思想保守，不肯接受新事物；固步自封多指安于现状，不求创新进取；墨守成规多指思想性格保守，守着老规矩不肯改变。
二、文言短篇阅读祖逖闻鸡起舞范阳祖逖，少有大志，与刘琨俱为司州主簿，同寝，中夜闻鸡鸣，蹴琨觉曰：“此非恶声也！”因起舞。
及渡江，左丞相睿以为军谘祭酒。
逖居京口，纠合骁健，言于睿曰：“晋室之乱，非上无道而下怨叛也，由宗室争权，自相鱼肉，遂使戎狄乘隙，毒流中土。
今遗民既遭残贼，人思自奋，大王诚能命将出师，使如逖者统之以复中原，郡国豪杰，必有望风响应者矣！”睿素无北伐之志，以逖为奋威将军、豫州刺史，给千人廪，布三千匹，不给铠仗，使自召募。
逖将其部曲百余家渡江，中流，击楫而誓曰：“祖逖不能清中原而复济者，有如大江！”遂屯淮阴，起冶铸兵，募得二千余人而后进。
注释京口：京口是镇江古称，东汉末年，孙权称霸江东，于公元209年将苏州的根据地迁至京口，在北固山前峰筑铁瓮城，号称"京"通称京口。
宗室：对君主父系男性血亲的称呼。
历代皇族称宗室，通常以与皇帝的父系血缘亲疏关系来确定是否列入宗室之列，历代就此规定不一。
历代均专设官衙来主管宗室事务，如"大宗伯"、"宗正"、"宗正寺"、"宗人府"等。
鱼肉：本指鱼和肉，“人为刀俎，我为鱼肉”。
这里引申为吞并、残杀。
主簿：州、府长官的佐僚，主管文书的官员。
祭酒：本为祭祀风俗，需长者立主位，面南酹酒祭神开席。
在古时也常常引入官名，意为首席，主管。
较为闻名的有国子祭酒，军事祭酒等。
戎狄：戎狄是古时候华夏族对西北地区的少数民族的统称，即北狄和西戎的合称。
周朝时居民有华夏和四夷的区分:南方少数民族为蛮；东方少数民族为夷；西方少数民族为戎；北方少数民族为狄。
中原：本意为"天下至中的原野"，是汉民族祖居地，被视为天下中心。
中原也被称作中国、中土。
后来中原地域随着华夏民族的大融合以及中原文明的扩展而蔓延至今，称中华。
郡国：指全国各地。
郡，地方行政区名称；国，皇帝分封的藩国。
刺史：职官，汉初，文帝以御史多失职，命丞相另派人员出刺各地。
"刺"，检核问事之意。
刺史巡行郡县，各部置刺史一人，后通称刺史。
铠仗：甲胄和作战兵器廪：米仓。
谷藏曰仓，米藏曰廪（《荀子·富国》）。
部曲：部下，军队。
当时世家大族的私人军队叫“部曲”，由本族贫民、佃户等组成。
2016年高考上海卷香感其恩甚，率部曲而降。
常见字解析：恶恶从字形看和人的心里有关，1.读è意为不好，凶狠。
如：~果，~劣，~霸，险~。
2.读wù意为讨厌，憎恨，与"好(hào )"相对。
如厌~。
3.读ě意为要呕吐的感觉，亦指对人和事的厌恶态度。
4、读wū为疑问词：哪里，何；文言叹词，表示惊讶。
推导过程：对待不好，凶狠的事物，人们的态度往往是讨厌，憎恨甚至有要呕吐的感觉。
可是一旦喜欢一些事物，你会惊讶地发现，人们不论何时何地，都会乐于付出。
成语助记：恶衣粝食：粝lì，糙米。
穿粗劣的衣服，吃糙米做的饭。
形容生活俭朴。
怙恶不悛：怙，依靠，依仗；悛，改过，悔改。
坚持作恶，不肯悔改。
溢美溢恶：溢，水满外流，引伸为过度。
过分夸奖，过分指责。
三、诗歌赏读送子由使契丹苏轼云海相望寄此身，那因远适更沾巾。
不辞驿骑凌风雪，要使天骄识凤麟。
沙漠回看清禁月①，湖山应梦武林春②。
单于若问君家世，莫道中朝第一人③。
【注】①清禁：皇宫。
苏辙时任翰林学士，常出入宫禁。
②武林：杭州的别称。
苏轼时知杭州。
③唐代李揆被皇帝誉为“门地、人物、文学皆当世第一”。
后来入吐蕃会盟，酋长问他：“闻唐有第一人李揆，公是否？”李揆怕被扣留，骗他说：“彼李揆，安肯来邪？”赏析：苏轼此诗，谆谆嘱咐，劝勉有加，壮爱国之行色，见兄弟之亲情。
首联点题，写兄弟宦游四海，天各一方，已是常事，这次也不会因远别而悲伤落泪。
苏轼兄弟情谊颇深，苏辙23岁前与兄住在一起，未曾一日分离。
23岁进入仕途，从此宦游四方，会少离多。
尽管如此，他们仍息息相关。
苏轼一生屡遭贬谪，苏辙受累不怨。
在“乌台诗案”中，苏辙宁肯舍弃官帽以营救其兄，感人至深。
故《宋史·苏辙传》说：“辙与兄进退出处，无不相同，患难之中，友爱弥笃，无少怨尤，近古罕见。
”苏辙此去，虽为远别，但暂作分离，一向乐观旷达的苏轼自然不作儿女之态。
“那因远适更沾巾”化用王勃“无为在歧路，儿女共沾巾”句意。
颔联劝勉。
上句勉励苏辙不辞辛苦，其中的“驿骑”原指驿站快马．此代使臣；“凌风雪”写出了路途的艰辛。
下旬鼓励兄弟不辱使命，汉朝时匈奴自称天骄，以后用以代异族。
凤是传说中的祥瑞之鸟；麟是传说中的仁德之兽，此以之代辙。
既指子由之美德，更见国家之仁惠。
这句是说．要让辽主认识你这仁德之国派出的使臣。
既要不辱使命，更要不失大国风范。
颈联嘱咐。
上句要子由身居沙漠，时时回望汴京的月亮，不要忘记故国。
下句设想子由梦境，梦中的湖光山色应该是杭州的湖光山色。
“时苏轼任职杭州，故有此语。
尾联望归。
这里用李揆指子由，这不仅因为苏轼兄弟在当时的名位与声望，举世皆有所闻，而且以此告诫子由，出使北蕃，决不可追求盛名，须小心谨慎，安全而归。
联系当时辽国每每扣押宋朝使臣的事实，苏轼的担心并非多余。
用李揆故事，又以国家利益为重，实乃警精含蓄之语。
这首诗以送别为题，写出苏轼对子由出使辽国的复杂心理，一再劝勉，谆谆嘱咐，殷殷盼归。
语言平实，自然流畅，属对工稳，用事精警。
写寻常之题材，寄兄弟之亲情，明国家之大义，实乃苏诗中抒写爱国情怀之佳作。
▲问题：本诗首联表现了诗人什么样的性格？请加以分析。
（6分）答案：①忠于国家，赤诚豪迈。
尽管此时他已被排挤出朝廷，但依然关心朝政，他的爱国感情并不因此减少半分。
②虽为远别，依旧旷达。
兄弟宦游四海，天各一方，已是常事，这次也不会因远别而悲伤落泪。
③胸怀博大，顾全大局。
无论仕途生涯中遭遇了何等挫折，他始终以国家利益为重，顾全大局，患难之中，劝勉有加，无少怨尤。
四、聚焦时代让老年人远离网络谣言来源：人民日报作者：魏寅“少盐有时候真的会致命”“白米饭是垃圾食品之王”“电吹风用好了能治疗鼻病”……打开微信朋友圈，形形色色的传言令人眼花缭乱，给不少人带来困扰。
据统计，“微信辟谣助手”上线至今，已辟谣110余万篇文章，而相关网文传播的主要目标群体正是老年人。
随着智能手机的普及，越来越多的“银发族”学会通过网络获取资讯、进行沟通。
但由于对信息缺乏足够的分析辨别能力，他们时常被网络谣言误导，成为谣言传播的“易感人群”。
不少年轻网友有这样的经历：在微信群、朋友圈中，长辈们热衷于转发健康养生、食品安全等类型的文章，有的“一看标题就不靠谱”。
对于这样的谣言，如果听之信之，遗患无穷。
日前发布的一份调查显示，网络谣言已成为老年人遭遇的许多上网风险之首。
“无根据的事例+不严谨的论述+不科学的结论”，类似谣言文章存在不少破绽，为何却能得到“银发族”的青睐？仔细推究，它们抓住了老年人害怕衰老和生病的心理，通过“有毒”“致癌”“致死”等刺激性语言，配合看似“专业”的名词、“确凿”的数据、“客观”的实验，让他们产生焦虑和恐慌，从而落入谣言的圈套。
一些“营销号”正是凭借这一点，先博取广泛关注，再向中招的老年人兜售所谓的绿色食品、特效药品、医疗器械等，从而实现流量变现。
从这个意义上来说，制造谣言成了一门生意。
“赶紧转给亲朋好友”“不转就会如何如何”之类，是谣言文章惯用的套路。
在这种诱导下，老年人本着“利他”的初衷转发，不知不觉中成了谣言的二传手。
由此观之，谣言在老年人朋友圈的扩散，既是科学素养问题，也跟社会心理有关。
“宁可信其有”的认知取向、“我是为你好”的关切心态，形成一股合力，推动谣言实现病毒式传播，甚至让一些早已被辟谣的信息沉渣泛起、死灰复燃。
正因此，一些网友感叹，谣言带给自己的困扰，不仅是“父母竟然相信”，更是“父母竟然要求我们一起相信”，以至于“躲过了各种微商、晒娃、自拍，却躲不过爸妈的传谣”。
其实，靠“躲”解决不了问题。
新的技术，容易在子女和父母之间划上一道鸿沟。
走进网络新世界，他们需要我们的陪伴，正如我们幼时需要他们的陪伴一样。
应该看到，大多数父母的朋友圈里，子女永远是最重要的联系人。
我们应该给予父母更多的理解和关爱，在教会他们使用新科技的同时，提醒他们留意各种不良信息，不断增强抵抗谣言的免疫力。
想了解相关知识却又摸不着门道、无法判断信息的准确性，是“银发族”误入谣言陷阱的重要原因。
因此，要想打消疑虑、安定人心，还必须做好权威信息的供给。
政府部门、新闻媒体等相关机构，有责任采取通俗的表达方式、灵活的沟通手段，积极解疑释惑、传播科学知识，把“银发族”渴求的信息送到他们身边。
此外，网络平台也应完善制度、加强监管，及时将披着科学外衣的各类谣言扼杀在萌芽状态。
群策群力、多措并举，我们就能帮助老年人摆脱网络谣言的侵扰，走进一个更加清朗的网络新天地。
五、美文品读金陵，春帷掩映的绝代余显斌不用去金陵，一去一断魂。
金陵，就那些地名，都鸟语花香的，朱雀桥、乌衣巷、秦淮河、桃根渡……那不是地名，是一首首隽永的诗。
有人说，我打江南走过，那等在季节里的容颜，如莲花般开落。
这些地名，如果是女子，也一定有莲花一般的容颜，但韵华永远不会在秋风中瓣瓣凋零，而只会绝世独立，在灯火阑珊处回眸一笑。
一切，在金陵，都是那么情意婉转，那么风流潇洒。
当年的孙权，长剑一挥，在这儿筑下石头城，从此，一方绝世之地，就在历史的深处诞生。
周郎骑了青鬃马，得得而来，一把剑，一架琴，将江南风流，挥洒成一方儒雅的风景。
周郎身边，总有小乔，眉眼一眨，以至于曹操横槊赋诗，驻马江边，旗帜蔽野，鼓声如雷，发誓要“铜雀春深锁二乔”，结果却是，周瑜“羽扇纶巾，谈笑间，樯橹灰飞烟灭”。