八年级英语暑假专题

八年级英语暑假专题如何做好英语完形填空题译林版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：8B 暑假专题----如何做好英语完形填空题二. 教学目标：如何做好英语完形填空题完形填空是英语考试的必考题目，它全面检测学生词汇、句型、语法、惯用语及语感等各方面的综合运用，但是学生往往在这一题型上拉大分数差距。

如何解这一种题型呢？语法和词汇在英语学习中好比砖瓦在建造房屋中的作用,是基础性的. 没有这样的基础,听说读写都是空谈. 完形填空中直接或间接地考查语法词汇知识的题目占了大部分. 所以掌握足够的词汇和基本语法知识是做好完形填空题的保证.完形填空所选短文一般无标题,文章的第一句话往往是引领全文的主题句,或者引出主题思想的相关内容,是了解文章全貌的“窗口”.如果第一段第一句话很容易看懂,看完第一句话便可以迅速往下看. 要是第一句话费解,不容易看懂,那么不妨看其他段落的首句,以及最后一句,以便能对全文做出大致的推测,心中有一个做题的方向.然后,迅速浏览全篇,不为空白处纠缠,捕捉文章的中心. 这期间,需要根据上下文,有时还要参照各选项所提供的信息进行理解. 如果是故事性文章,时间,地点,人物就是关键词;抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索,就能理解全文. 若是论述文,主题句、拓展句的识别十分重要,其中表达前后逻辑关系的连接性的词是理解全篇的重要线索. 由于短文中抽空达到10个,失去信息较多,如果考生浏览后不清楚其主题脉络,也不必为此过多担心,至少浏览一遍后有了一个初步印象,为后面做题和逐步理解创造了条件. 相当多的题目无需联系全篇就能解决,过多联系上下文反而耽误时间. 所以考生不必因为没弄清文章整体大意而惴惴不安,影响做题. 当然,事先了解文章大意不论是对做语义逻辑题还是词汇语法题都是有帮助的,但前提是不能在理解上花费太多的时间,毕竟这不是阅读理解题.完形填空题是中考英语的重要题型，旨在测试学生对英语知识的综合运用能力。

为了正确地做好完形填空题，我们不妨分析一下完形填空题的题型特点，以便采取相应的解题技巧。

完形填空题的特点之一是题干是一篇短文，短文中设有若干空白，题干下面留有针对每个空白的四个待选答案。

其中只有一个答案填入空白后，不但使该句的句义明白通顺，符合语法和用词等方面的要求，而且能把上下文连起来，使全文大意完整通顺。

它的特点之二是题干短文的第一或第一、二句为题干的引导句，通常不设空白，以便通过这一两个完整的引导句把短文中故事发生的时间(•when)•，•地点(place)，人物(who)和背景(what)等交待清楚，作为学生应在理解并掌握全文大意的基础上解题。

它的特点之三是完形填空选择题与英语知识部分的单项选择题有相同之处，也有不同之处。

虽然它们的测试点都是以词汇和语法知识为内容，但单项选择填空的题干或是单句，或是相互连贯的句子，或是两句对话，它是孤立进行的，上一题的题干句和下一题的题干句，无论在句义和结构方面都不存在任何连贯的关系，是单一性的测试。

而完形填空题的题干是一篇短文，对知识的测试是文章的句子相结合进行的，同时也测试学生的阅读、分析理解的能力以及综合运用知识的能力，是综合性的测试。

针对完形填空的特点，我们宜采取以下的解题步骤：一、通读全文，掌握文章的主旨大意。

由于完形填空的题干是一篇短文，是上下连贯的一个语言整体，所以解题时就必须通读全文，了解文章的主旨大意，初步弄清文章所涉及到的何人、何事，何时，何地，原因等。

了解文章大意，从字里行间捕捉信息，弄清全文中故事情节的开始、发展和结果，目的是选出符合大意，上下前后能互相呼应的最佳答案。

二、顺藤摸瓜，找准选项。

有些题目，所给的选项从语法、词汇搭配上均无差错，此时不要急于选，而应从全文中发现隐含条件。

这些条件往往处于不太醒目的位置，需要答题者注意搜索。

三、巧用假设，辨别真伪。

有些同学在答题时往往会遇到这样的情况：各个选项之间存在着对立现象，由于平时对有关知识点掌握不够牢固，容易混淆。

这时，不妨采用假设法，问题往往会迎刃而解。

四、逆向思维，减少误差。

有的题目做错可能是由于粗心大意、考虑不周所致。

为防止这一点，不妨先不看题，而是从选项着手，采用对比法分析出题的本意，然后再结合题目，找准答案。

从上面的分析可以看出，要选出本篇文章的完形填空选择题的最佳答案，不仅需要有扎实的英语基础语法知识，词汇的运用能力，阅读、分析理解的能力以及综合运用英语知识的能力，同时还需要具备语言之外的常识。

所以完形填空是综合性的测试，要综合全面分析，才能选择最佳答案。

全面检查审定答案。

选好答案后，要将全文逐句结合所选答案仔细阅读一篇，从语法、用词等方面检查所选答案是否正确，还要检查有没有一些答案在本句内虽然正确，但与全文的意思相悖、不合理或是句义前后矛盾等现象，凡此都应加以改正。

【典型例题】例1Jim and Kate want (1) a heavy basket (2) their garden. It is (3) heavy, they can’t carry it. It’s (4) of ( 5). Their mother and father (6) in the room. So Kate asks. “Dad, could you help (7), please?” her f ather says: “Certainly, dear. Let (8) help you.” But they (9) careful, the basket is (10). The potatoes go here and there. They must find and get them.( )1. A. to take B. to carry C. get D. look( )2. A. in B. to C. at D. under( )3. A. very B. too C. not D. a little( )4. A. full B. fill C. bottle D. empty( )5. A. potatos B. potato C. potatoes D. meats( )6. A. aren’t B. is C. can’t D. are( )7. A. us B. me C. her D. him( )8. A. I B. you C. her D. me( )9. A. aren’t B. are C. can’t D. don’t( )10. A. break B. broken C. empty D. full【答案】1. B want to do , carry 多指搬运重物2. B to 表示目的3. A very很，非常4. A be full of 充满5. C potato 的复数加es6. D 根据句意7. A 同上8. D9. A 10. B例2A fat and happy old man gives presents to kids on Christmas Eve(the night before Christmas). Wh o is he? Yes, he is Father Christmas . He is also called Santa Claus. Do you know_____1____? And why is he always ____2_____ red?It is said that there was a man____3_____ Saint Nicholas in Turkey. He came from a _____4____ f amily, but he felt____5_____ for poor people and decided to give them all his money. But he was_____6____ and didn’t want people to know he gave them money. So on Christmas Eve, he climb ed on to their roofs, and ____7_____ bags of money down their chimneys. And he always _____8 ____ red clothes when he did this.Later people built a church for Nicholas in Italy, and took his ____9_____ to different countries. H e was given____10_____ names around the world. People called him Saint Nicholas in Belgium, S anta Claus in Canada and the US, and Father Christmas in Britain.( )1. a. how b. what c. why d. where( )2. a. in b. at c. on d. for( )3. a. call b. calling c. calls d. called( )4. a. rich b. poor c. happy d. good( )5. a. happy b. sorry(难过的) c. angry d. bad( )6. a. shy b. frightened c. worried d. happy( )7. a. showed b. dropped c. fell d. brought( )8. a. put on b. in c. dressed d. wore( )9. a. money b. presents c. story d. name( )10. a. different b. the same c. another d. many【答案】 1. c. why 2. a. in 3. d. called 4. a. rich5. b. sorry(难过的)6. a. shy7. b. dropped8. d. wore9. c. story 10. d. many例3You’ll see a new _1_at a hospital near London if you go there. He is very clever,_2_he never speak s. He can work 24 hours a day and never gets _3_. He is one metre tall and has a face_4_a TV scre en. He is Dr. Robot.Doctors often need to ask their patients a lot of questions. _5_ doctors can only spend a fewminu tes with such patient. But Dr. Robot, can ask a patient questions for an hour if it is 6_____.7_____ _ the help of Dr. Robot, a human doctor can_8_a lot of useful information(信息)when he meets his patient.How can Dr. Robot do this? A computer “tell” him what to do. Dr. Robot can do a lot of things peo ple can do, though he can’t completely_9_the place of _10_ doctors.( )1. A. sick person B. nurse C. chemist D. doctor( )2. A. so B. if C. but D. because( )3. A. tired B. off C. up D. wounded( )4. A. like B. on C. as D. in( )5. A. Kind B. Busy C. Free D. Tall( )6. A. late B. impossible C. necessary D. interesting( )7. A. With B. For C. Behind D. Unde( )8. A. spend B. have C. send D. speak( )9. A. bring B. give C. take D. lead( )10. A. robot B. computer C. women D. human【答案】DCAAB CABCD例4A very new, young officer was at a railway station. He was on his way to visit his mother in 1 town . He wanted to telephone her to tell her the time of his train, 2 she could meet him at the 3 in hercar. He looked at all his pockets, but 4 that he did not have the right money for the telephone, so he went on and looked 5 for someone to help him. At last an old soldier came by, and the young officer stopped him and said, “Can you change the money 6 me?”“Wait a moment,” the soldier 7 , and he began to put his hand in his 8 “I’ll see whether I can hel p you. ”“Don’t you know how to speak to an officer?” the young officer said angrily “Now let’s 9 again, Can you change the money for me?”“No, sir,” the old soldier answered 10 .1. A. other B. the other C. another D. one2. A. so B. so that C. because D. when3. A. place B. station C. street D. stop4. A. knew B. thought C. found D. found out5. A. up B. down C. around D. into6. A. to B. with C. for D. and7. A. answered B. spoke C. told D. smiled8. A. coat B. handbag C. wallet D. pocket9. A. start B. to begin C. doing D. ask10. A. easily B. fast C. happily D. quickly(1)Dear Dr Know,I’m not happy. I have too __1_ rules in my family. I have to __2___ at 6:00 every morning. I can’t __3__ my friends after school __4__I have to __5__my dog for a walk. I can’t watch TV on school nights. And I have to __6_ in bed by ten o’clock. _7__ weekends, I have to clean my room and was h my clothes. Then I have to help my mother __8__ dinner. Later I have to go to the Children’s Palace __9__ the piano. I never have any fun. __10__ can I do?（）1. A. many B. much C. a few（）2. A. go to bed B. get up C. go home（）3. A. watch B. look C. meet（）4. A. so B. then C. because（）5. A. bring B. take C. carry（）6. A. be B. is C. am（）7. A. In B. On C. At（）8. A. make B. making C. do（）9. A. learn B. to learn C. learning（）10. A. Why B. What C. How(2)Once there was a boy in Toronto. His name was Jimmy. He started drawing when he was three ye ars old, and when he was five he was already very ___1___ at it. He drew many beautiful interesti ng pictures, and many people ___2___ his pictures. They thought this boy was going to be ___3_ __ when he was a little older, and then they were going to ___4___ these pictures for a lot of mo ney.Jimmy’s pictures were quite different from other ___5___ because he never drew on all of the pa per. He drew on ___6___ of it, and the other half was always ___7___.“That’s very clever,” everybody said. “___8___ other people have ever done that before.” One day somebody asked him, “Please tell me, Jimmy. Why do you draw on the bottom (底部) half of your pictures, ___9___ not on the top half?”“Because I’m small,” Jimmy said, “and my brushes (毛笔) can’t ___10___ very high.”1. A. poor B. sad C. glad D. good2. A. bought B. brought C. sold D. took3. A. different B. clever C. famous D. rich4. A. buy B. show C. leave D. sell5. A. men’s B. people’s C. boy’s D. child’s6. A. half B. part C. side D. end7. A. full B. empty C. wrong D. ready8. A. No B. Some C. Any D. Many9. A. then B. and C. but D. or10. A. change B. turn C. pull D. reach(3)“Jane, please let me borrow a dollar,” Jenny asked as they stood in the school lunch. “I have one in my jacket, but I don’t want to ___1___ and lose my place.”“OK,” agreed Jane.Jane waited all day for Jenny to ___2___ back the dollar she borrowed, but Jenny seemed to be _ __3___. “She’s just forgotten,” thought Jane. “I don’t want to ___4___ her angry.” Still, her mone y didn’t go far. Some classmates, like Jenny, were getting five dollars a week.Weeks went by. At last Jane got up enough courage to tell her about the ___5___. “Oh, Jane, I for got!” Jenny said, “I’ll ___6___ the dollar tomorrow.”The next day Jenny seemed to have forgotten again. During the noon hour Jane saw her ___7___ sweets for Mary and Ann. Jenny saw Jane looking at her. ___8___ she said something in a low voi ce to the other two girls. Jane felt ___9___ and asked her teacher if she could go back to the class room. In the classroom, Jane saw two new pencils in Jenny’s desk. An ___10___ came to her. “Jenny’s not kind lately, and anyway, she really owes me. A dollar doesn’t mean anything to her, but it means a lot to me.”1. A. stay B. wait C. leave D. take2. A. return B. lend C. show D. pay3. A. busy B. happy C. free D. sad4. A. let B. make C. keep D. find5. A. money B. lunch C. place D. classmate6. A. remember B. bring C. give D. pass7. A. borrowing B. making C. selling D. buying8. A. Even B. Again C. Then D. Instead9. A. alone B. sad C. hungry D. lucky10. A. end B. answer C. idea D. excuse(4)Monday is the beginning of the week; it is the day most Americans like worst. The day they ___1_ __ most is Saturday. Saturday is the ___2___ of the workweek; it is the beginning of the weekend .Life is ___3___ on the weekend; most Americans ___4___ care of their houses, cars and gardens. They sleep ___5___ in the morning. They enjoy the feeling that the time ___6___ to move more s lowly.The workweek is for things you ___7___ to do; the weekend is for things you ___8___ to do. Som e people may get in a car for a ___9___ in the country. They like to take part in a sports activity o ut of doors. And on Saturday night they might go to public eating ___10___ or a film.1. A. like B. dislike C. spend D. leave2. A. middle B. beginning C. end D. day3. A. worse B. difficult C. better D. different4. A. make B. take C. look D. pick5. A. earlier B. later C. faster D. shorter6. A. decides B. wants C. spends D. seems7. A. enjoy B. hate C. have D. find8. A. like B. start C. get D. check9. A. drive B. walk C. fishing D. washing10. A. place B. house C. room D. apartment(５)In the old days, in London, the smog was very thick. Car and bus drivers ___1___ to drive very slo wly. They ___2___ saw the road in front of them even during the daytime. People did not like goi ng out in the smog. ___3___ they had to go out, they wore “smogmask” over their faces.In December 1952, a very ___4___ dark cloud came down over London. It was the ___5___ smog Londoners had ever had. ___6___ of it was bad factory smoke. Nearly fifty people died in road ac cidents. But many more people became unhealthy. The smog was very ___7___ for old people an d children. One man said, “The streets were almost ___8___ because people stayed at home as much as possible. The air was very thick, and you could almost cut it with a knife.”After three weeks, the smog began to ___9___. But in the following weeks and months over 4000 people died as a ___10___ of the smog.1. A. hurried B. stayed C. had D. stopped2. A. easily B. hardly C. already D. freely3. A. If B. So C. Though D. Because4. A. clear B. thick C. thin D. small5. A. hottest B. nicest C. worst D. best6. A. Much B. Many C. A few D. A little7. A. favourite B. strong C. dangerous D. weak8. A. empty B. full C. dirty D. clean9. A. remember B. forget C. arrive D. lift10. A. part B. usual C. end D. result【试题答案】(1) ABCCB ACABB (2) DACDB ABACD (3) CDABA BDCBC (4) ACDBB DCAAA (5) CBABC ACADD。