巅峰语法

定语从句（上）例：He laughs best who laughs last.2.短语做先行词。

Many of life ’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.3.用句子做先行词。

The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.I am a student which you all know.当先行词与关系词被割裂时是如何表现的。

如：Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might -- surprise! -- fall off. 找先行词的方法。

反证法。

把它带进去。

哪一个是通顺的，哪一个就是先行词。

1. 翻译定语从句。

2. 结合先行词的结构特点和位置特征在关系词之前寻找与定语从句的意思的有逻辑 关系相符合的词。

定语从句（下）二、定语从句里面的关系代词的用法。

1.常用的关系代词：which, that, who, whom 。

Whom 现在用的很少。

前面有介词只能用which ，不能用 t hat2. 关系代词在考试中的特殊情况。

What:1)它是子母同体。

相当于一个关系代词以及一个先行词。

What 前面不应该在出现先行词。

如果前面已经偶一个关系词，就不能用w hat 来引导。

例如：Y ou can have everything whatyou like. what=all that,所以这儿不能用w hat.All---is a continuous supplying of the basic necessities of lifeA. what is the Array needB. thethings need C. forour needsD. that is need2)what 单独使用，后面不加名词。

例如：She is not what she used to be.3)what 后面加名词例如：What money I have has been given to you.he knows about it is out of date and in accurateA. What littleB. So muchC. How muchD. So littleas1. like2. 作为3. when4. 引导定语从句。

即可引导限制性定语从句，性定语从句一般式固定用法。

如a s…as, such…asas 引导非限制性定语从句例如：I was a boy which you know. which 可以用a s 替换。

As is so often pointed out knowledge is a two edgeequally for good or evil.as 引导限制性定语从句考试中往往考固定搭配。

例如：Such a student as works hard were be sure to succeed.than 作为关系代词可以引导定语从句More families consist of one parent households orconsequently, children are likely to have less supervision at homethe traditional family structure .A.thanB.thatC.whichD.as特点：1) than2) than 前面的主句必须要有比较级3) 比较级所修饰的名词就是t han 指代的对象三、关系副词When 引导的定语从句。

1)先行词必须是表示时间的名词。

companies liable for their custom ers’ misfortunes.2)如何区分w hen 引导的定语从句和状语从句。

用句子表示状语就是状语从句。

例如：When I go to school, I will work hard.从两方面区分：When 引导的定语从句前一定有表示时间的名词；When 引导的状语语从句前没有有表示时间的名词。

从翻译的角度看如果是引导的定语从句可以不翻译。

如成当……时候。

When=on whichWherewhere=in whichwhere 引导的从句先行词必须是表示地点的名词。

例如：Iwas born in Beijing where the Olympic games will be held.先行词表示地点,不一定用w here 来引导。

例如：I have never been to Beijing ,but it’s theplace . A.wh ere I’dlike to visitB.in which I’d l ike to visitC.I most want to visitD.thar I want to visit it most名词从句讲五个问题：一、名词从句的本质。

1. 概念：就是把一个完整的句子当一个名词来使用。

性质。

主语、宾语、表语、同位语。

2. 引导名词从句常用的连词。

有三类：1）what,who,whose 等连接代词。

That 引导的名词性从句不能做任何句子成分。

whatWhich 和w hose 后面必须接名词。

例如：Concerns were raised witness might be encouraged to exaggerateto ensure guilty verdicts.A.whatB.whenC.whichD.that3)多重的名词从句现象。

例如：I realized that what I said was not exactly what meant to say.考题：Prof. Lee’s book will show you can be used in other contexts.[A] that you have observed[B] that how you have observed[C] how that you have observed[D] how what you have observed二、名词从句中的主语从句主语从句有如下几种表示方式：1.用w hich, that 放在句首引导主语从句。

例如：That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.3.用i t is +ved+that…例如：It is believed that you are good boy.3. 用w hether 引导主语从句。

例如：Array Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable.三、宾语从句需要掌握的几点：及物动词后面的宾语从句。

2005 年例句：四、表语从句Americans were to them. 五、同位语从句就是用来补充说明同位语的名词成分的句子。

结构是：名词+that+从句。

同位语从句与宾语从句和定语从句的区别：引导宾语从句和定语从句的的t而引导同位语从句的t hat 不能省略。

略，定语从句中的t hat位语从句的t hat 不扮演任何成分。

例如：There is a popular saying that family instability causes social instability. that状语从句（上）第三讲状语从句（上）语。

语、让步状语、比较状语、方式状语。

Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower butothers are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.A. whenB. sinceC. forD. whereas难点：1.When常考的句型：Hardly…whe n; when it comes that; when it comes to ;1991to speak when the audience interrupted him.A. Hardly had he begunB. No sooner hardly had he begunC. Not until he beginD. Scarcely had he begin1998 年例句：Doing your homework is a sure way to improvetrue it comes to classroom tests.A. beforeB. as C since D. when2.地点状语从句Where 引导地点状语一般总是放在主句的后面。

例如：A driver should slower down where there are schools.3.原因状语从句Since 从……起；因为……比较特殊的连词：in that 因为的意思。

例句：The girl is like her mother in that she also has very delicate feeling.Now tha t…因为；given tha t…4. 目的状语从句lest…唯恐，害怕;for fear 当心，害怕引导的是虚拟语气。

谓语是s常省略。

5.结果状语从句有两种引导法s o…that;so that; such…that;it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.A. asB. whichC. thatD. what把s o…that; so that; such…that; such that 中的s o 或s uchSo fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine it’s speed.to the extent (that)表示结果to some extent 表示在……之内。