翻译1=

B. 翻译的过程
C. 翻译的技巧
D. 表达方法

直译与意译 (具体操作方法)
翻译的标准
A. Yan Fu‟s (严复) “three character
guide”, which was first proposed in 1898, is the principle of “faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance” (信、达、 雅). “译事三难：信、达、雅” B. Some revisions such as faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (信、达、 切); faithfulness, expressiveness and fitness (信、达、贴),
I never had much in seeing you. There
was no love lost between us at any time. We grumble a little now and then, to be sure. But there’s no love lost between us. The lights went out suddenly. We must have a break somewhere. Well, let’s have a break and enjoy our
4. Requirements of Translation
1)to master the languages skilfully;
2)to have a lot of exposure to both
FL and L1; 3)Practise makes perfect 4)vital importance of general knowledge; (吕叔湘把翻译称为“杂学”)
A. Preparation: basic knowledge about both
languages as well as the background knowledge; basic skills in translation are necessary; B. Comprehension: understanding accurately the meaning of the source language; How? C. Expression: try to express the meaning in idiomatic Chinese; D. Revision: (proofread) check again and again to polish the language.

Why
?
My Understanding
A language activity: one of the five skills in


learning English An art: the processes as well as the product Communication: translation or die Job: for some people, it is a job Subject: to learn translation theory and skills, it is no doubt a science. Translation is also a good way to develop your own language, both native and foreign language.
Outline of the Course
Teaching schedule Methods: lectures,
presentations,
discussions,
practice
ReБайду номын сангаасerence Books:
范仲英， 《实用翻译教程》， 外语 教学研究出版社，1994。 黄洋楼，《英汉互译实用技巧》，华 南理工大学出版社，2003。 张培基等，《英汉翻译教程》。 Useful Websites: /
Skills in translation
Appropriate choice of words and
expressions: Division and combination; Omission and amplification; Conversion Repetition Negative vs Affirmative ---
b) logical relationship: When he was a young fellow
in the sixties, he became a famous chemical scientist. c) deep structure of the source language Last night, I heard him driving his pigs to market.
You will have to:

read more; practice more; think more; discuss more
5.Background knowledge and translation
1)history background: “pen”
in the century 2)geographical environment: carry coals to Newcastle 3)Religion: talk of the devil, and he’s sure to appear
Unit 1 翻译标准
WELCOME TO THE
WORLD OF TRANSLATION
Begin by a story:
Tower of Babel
The Tower of Babel

Genesis Once upon a time all the world spoke a single language and used the same words. As men journeyed in the east, they came upon a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. They said to one another, „Come, let us make bricks and bake them hard‟; they used bricks for stone and bitumen for mortar. „Come,‟ they said, „let us build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens, and make a name for ourselves; or we shall be dispersed all over the earth.‟ Then the Lord came down to see the city and tower which mortal men had built, and he said, „Here they are, one people with a single language, and now they have started to do this; henceforward nothing they have a mind to do will be beyond their reach. Come, let us go down there and confuse their speech, so that they will not understand what they say to one another.‟ So the Lord dispersed them from there all over the earth, and they left off building the city. That is why it is called Babel, because the Lord there made a babble of the language of all the world;from that place the Lord scattered men all over the face of the earth.
C. Fu Lei‟s (傅雷) spiritual conformity （神
似) D. Qian Zhongshu (钱钟书)’s sublimed （升华了的） adaptation (化境) E. 鲁迅：翻译：一当然力求其易解,一则保 存原作的丰姿。反对牛头不对马嘴，提出 “宁信而不顺”之原则。
a.) word meaning in context:
维特根斯坦（1953：31）：
The meaning of a word is its use in
the language. 一个词的意义就是它在语言中的运用。 Hymes (1972: xix ) points out, “The key to understanding language in context is to start not with language, but with context.”
th 19
) customs( You look darker after the holidays) 5) social politics (It‟s mere propaganda 造谣惑众) 6) culture: dragon/dog
4
6. Basic theories