2 词语翻译法
Unit Two
词语翻译法
一、多义词的处理
词汇在新的语言环境中就有了一个新义。要确定多义词在特定语境中的涵义，一要紧密联系上下文，二要注意这些词语的搭配习惯.
(一)上下文
上下文即词、短语、语句和篇章的前后关系，有广狭之分。狭义上下文指特定语言的前言后语。广义上下文指外部经验世界
英语一词多义
Business was rather slow last month.
上个月生意不太景气
The book is rather slow.
这本书很乏味（不精彩）。
Y ou’d better go slo w in reaching a conclusion. 你最好不要急于下结论。
He is slow of understanding.
他理解力较差。
He is so slow that I have to explain everything several times.
他太迟钝，所有的事我都得解释好几遍。
Be slow to promise but quick to practice.
不要轻易许诺，但一旦许诺要尽快实践。
He is slow at speech with women yet.
跟女人说话，他还有点笨嘴拙舌。
词汇的意义主要在于语境，即上下文及搭配
Oh, what a story.
哦，好个谎话。
To make a long story short.
长话短说。
It is another story.
这是另外一个问题。
to launch a movement, campaign, drive 搞运动、活动；
to launch a training program, class, course 举办培训班
to launch a satellite 发射卫星
to launch a loan 发放贷款
翻译时注意平时多积累
Their people have always been available to offer assistance and answer technical questions.
他们的工作人员随时为我们提供支持并解答技术上的问题。
Y ou have a creative edge in business.
你获得创造性地商业优势。
二. 增词法翻译
增词法主要用于三种情况：
1.为了语法上的需要（英语名词复数译成汉语时需要使用增词法才能体现原文复数形式）
2.为了表达清晰和自然；
3.为了沟通不同的文化。
1、为了语法上的需要而增词
时态要求
英语动词的时态靠词形变化或加助动词来表达的。汉语靠增加时态助词或一般表示时间的词。“曾”、“已经”、“过了”、“在”、“正在”、“着”、“将”、“要”、“会”、“便”等等。
I have not been satisfied with my efforts to date and I have been constantly searching for some sort of organized and systematic contribution which I could make to bridging the gaps between the Eastern and Western worlds.
我对到目前为止所做的努力并不满意，我一直在寻求能够有组织地、系统地写点东西，以弥补东西方世界之间的沟壑。
补充原文因语法省略的词
Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.
从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。
英语崇省略，汉语喜重复。
增加动词
In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants.
在中国，我们每到一个城市就遛大街、逛商店、游公园、看演出、吃名菜。
In the evening, after the banquet, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.
晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。
I forgot my key.
我忘了带钥匙。
增加形容词
The war made a man of him.
战争把他锻造成一个堂堂的男子汉。
Deflation has now reached unprecedented level.
通货紧缩已经发展到了空前严重的地步。
增加副词
The crowds melted away.
人群渐渐散开了。
As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.
他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲的没完。
增加名词
He felt the patriot rise within his breast.
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
He is a complicated man—moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.
他是一个性格复杂的人—喜怒无常，反复多变，有些犹豫寡欢。
*This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
这部打字机真是物美价廉。
不及物动词——宾语隐含在动词后面
First you borrow, then you beg.
头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。
Day after day he came to his work—sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
他每天来干活—扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。
增加形容词
He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.
毫无疑问，他以为会有热烈的拥抱，满桌的食物，激动的泪水，欢乐的笑声，一段接一段的谈话，一次又一次的拥抱，没完没了。
具体名词表示抽象概念时，名词后增加名词
He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.
他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。
To
persuade
To prepare
Backward
Tense
Arrogant
Mad
antagonistic
说服
准备
落后
紧张
自满
疯狂
敌对
He is experienced in handling letters and visits from the masses．
他善于做信访工作。
During the talks, their discussion has been centered around protection of intellectual property rights．2. 会谈中，双方集中讨论了保护知识产权方面的问题。
增加表示名词复数的词
增加重迭词表示复数
增加数词或其他词表示复数
Flowers bloom all over the yard.
朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。
The lion is the king of animals.
狮是百兽之王。
增加量词
英语没有量词，英译汉时，应适当增加量词
数词与可数名词直接连用
有些动词或动作名词
数词与可数名词直接连用
A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.
一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
A stream is winding its way through the valley into the river.
一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去了。
增加语气词——的、呢、吧、啊、呀等
Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making fun of you.
不要认真嘛！我只不过和你开个玩笑罢了.
As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning.
我呢，从一开始就不赞成。
增加承上启下的词
Y es, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of fashion.
不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人喜欢中国菜，这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧。
练习一
Some lawmakers also questioned the need for a costly new cargo airplane capable of delivering only a single tank to the Persian Gulf in a crisis.
一些议员还质问了是否需要一架仅能在一次危机中运送一辆坦克到波斯湾。新型运输机的花费很大。
Sino-British links have multiplied—political, commercial, educational, cultural, defense, science and technology.
中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技方面的联系进一步加强了。
三、重复翻译法
重复也属于增词。翻译和写作应力求简练，尽量省略可有可无的词；有时为了明确、强调或生动，需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。
（一）为了明确重复
（二）为了强调重复
（三）为了生动重复
（一）为了明确重复
They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.
他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
He became an oil baron---all by himself.
他成为一个石油大王，--- 一个白手起家的石油大王。
（二）为了强调重复
为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键性的词，以使读者留下深刻印象，英译汉时往往可以采用同样的重复手段。
英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语时可以保持同样的词的重复。
He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding.
他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了盘算。
Blood must atone for blood.
血债要用血来还。
（三）为了生动重复
英语原文没有词的重复，翻译时为了使译文生动，也可以采用各种重复手段。
1. 运用两个四字词组成或四字对偶词组
汉语中有大量四字词组，这是汉语的一在特点。四字词组比较精炼，读起来顺口，有节奏感，如运用恰当，可使文字生动活泼，增强修辞效果。
But there had been too much publicity about my case.
但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。
If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few.
多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。
1、四字结构
gratitude 感恩戴德
ingratitude 忘恩负义
arrogance 骄傲自大
in chaos 乌烟瘴气
rumor 流言蜚语
prosperity 繁荣昌盛
careless 粗心大意
street gossip 街谈巷议
great contributions 丰功伟绩
2．运用词的重叠
词的重叠是汉语中常用的一种手段。英译汉时，可适当采用词的重叠，特别是四字重叠词组，使译文生动活泼，通顺达意。
I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.
我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，(直言无隐)，不藏不掖。
With his tardiness, careless and appalling good temper, we had nothing to do with him.
他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。
Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.
杰西睁开眼睛，眼睛里充满的泪水。
Rain or shine, I’ll go there.
雨也罢，晴也罢，我都要去那。
*If you go to Beijing, don’t forget to see my younger brother.
你要是去北京的话，别忘了去看一看我弟弟。
We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other--- of everything but our host and hostess.
我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况，---谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。
练习二
They would read and re-read the secret notes.
We have to analyze and solve problems.
他们往往一遍又一遍反复琢磨这些密件。
我们必须分析问题，解决问题。
四. 减词翻译法
减词翻译法是指在翻译的过程中省略原文中自然的、必不可少的、但在译文中却是多余词汇的翻译方法。英语中可省略的词类有代词、连词、冠词、不定式符号、部分介词等等。
省略冠词
Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.
冬天是研究树木生长的最好季节，虽然树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却是美丽的。
主(宾)语代词
Any excuse will serve if one has not a mind to do it.
如果不想干，总会找到借口。
We assure you of our reciprocation your courtesy at any time.
贵行的好意我方保证随时回报。
物主代词
He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.
他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。
非人称的it
It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate.
她关上园门时，已是暮色苍茫了。
强势句中的it
It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house.
他费了不少劲才找到了回家的路。
省略连词
He looked gloomy and troubled.
他看上去有些忧愁不安。
Because departure is not easy we made it brief.
告别这件事难得很，我们就做得简单一些。
介词
Smoking is prohibited in public places.
公共场所不准吸烟。
On the 13th of May, 1956, I became a civilian again.
1956年5月13号，我又是一个老百姓了。
五. 词类转换法
在翻译过程中，如果绝对地按照原语的词性进行翻译，有时译文会显得晦涩或不符合译语的表达习惯。这时，我们可以对原语的词性进行转换翻译。英译汉中常见的词性转换有以下几个方面。
1、转译成动词
1 名词转译成动词
英语中具有动作意义的名词，汉译时可转化为动词。
They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase.
他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。
A glance though his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial.
从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。
*The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.
操作电脑需要一些英语知识。
2. 介词转译成动词
英语介词含义灵活，搭配关系复杂，翻译时要根据其搭配关系和上下文灵活处理。一般说来, 与动词搭配使用的介词可以省略不译, 如: arrive at/in (到达), look after (照看)，persist in(坚持)，put up with(忍受)，take care of(照管)等。
go by car 乘汽车去
a present for Susan 给苏姗的礼物
The road to development is long but we are firmly on it.
发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走上了这条路。
*He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand.
他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。
3. 形容词转译成动词
1. The new growth agenda will not come cheap.
这个新的增长方案代价不会很低。
2. He's faithful in the performance of his duties. 他忠于职守。
3. I first became familiar with him when we were living in shanghai.
我们住在上海的时候，我才认识他。
4. 过去分词作表语，并且位于系动词之后,可译成汉语动词。
1. He is always been terribly frightened of death.
他一向对死怕得要命。
2. I'm annoyed at what you have just said.
我为你刚才说的话生气。
4、介词译成动词
1. I must be off now. I have other fish to fry.
我得告辞了，我还有别的要紧的事要做。
2. The platform was crowded. The train was in.
站台上挤满了人。火车已经进站了。
3. Fuel has been up. 燃料涨价了。
4. The radio is on. It keeps us well informed on what is going on at home and abroad.
收音机正在播放广播，它使我们对国内外当前发生的事情了如指掌。
5. The little girl in red is my daughter.
那个穿红衣服的小女孩是我的女儿。
5. 副词转译为动词
What film will be on this evening?
今晚放映什么影片？
That book will be out pretty soon.
那本书不久就要出版了。
6. 动名词转译成动词
The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing.
这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。
7．转译成名词
当英语动词的意义不易用汉语动词表达，或不能表达很准确时, 将动词转译为名词。
1. v.---n.
The book did not impress me at all.
那本书没留给我什么印象。
Harry aims to become a computer expert.
哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。
The youths always dream fondly of their future.
年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。
Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction.
有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。
2.形容词转译为名词
有些形容词在翻译时如不易或不能用适宜的汉语形容词表达，可改用名词表达。
The day was cloudy but the sun was trying to come through.
天上有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。
Obedience is obligatory on a soldier.
服从命令是军人的天职。
3 形容词转译成动词（adj.---v.）
Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.
不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。
Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laboratory equipment?
史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？
练习三
Y ou are a greater blockhead than I had supposed you to be.
Our government shows great concern for the Chinese resident abroad.
你比我所想象得要傻得多。
我国政府十分关心海外华侨。
His address impressed me deeply.
From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy.
他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。
我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。
*The unit of weight is the gram, that of length is the meter, and that of capacity is the liter.
To be independent is an absolute necessity for young people.
重量单位是克,长度单位是米,容量单位是升.
独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。
In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately.
The new mayor earned respect due to the courtesy of visiting the poor in the city.
科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重要。
新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。
It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty.
*The company has advertised in the newspaper for electronic experts.
我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。
公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。
*Give me liberty or give me death.
*He went to Sweden with the team for the Games.
不自由，毋宁死。
他随队前往瑞典参加奥运会。
六.词义的引申翻译法
在翻译时,某些词若按字面的意思翻译,无法准确地译出该词的内涵，或是使译文生硬晦涩，甚至引起误解。为避免出现这种情况，翻译时要根据上下文将词的含义做引申处理，以符合汉语的表达习惯。
1. At twenty-two, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro.
他22岁的时候，初次尝到了做黑奴的滋味。
2. Tony is only nineteen and the baby of our crew.
托尼只有十九岁，是我们机组里的小字辈。
5. Every day since I last wrote has been like its neighbor.
从上次写信到现在日子过得是一模一样。
6. …And for good reason: Lenders worry that they'll be throwing money down a black hole.
其原因很清楚，放款者担心他们的钱会仍进一个无底洞。
* He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life and death.
他一直在沙漠上生活，这地方每一杯水都得精打细算地用；一杯水可能是生死攸关的事。
七.正反、反正表达法
英汉两种语言都有正面叙述和反面叙述，即正说和反说的表达方法。英语里有些正说的句子译成汉语时要用反说，而有些反说的却要用正说，不然就不符合汉语表达习惯。
In those years the Republicans were in.
那些年是共和党执政。
The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms.
这台机器的重量是500公斤。
Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out. 安装双层窗御寒。
1. “Excuse me.
“对不起！” 而不习惯说“请原谅我！”
2. I cannot leave you along
“我得陪伴你。”或“我怎么能丢下你不管。”
不习惯说“我不能留下你一个人在这儿。”
*3. Mister Chairman, nobody is absent from today's meeting.
主席先生，今天大家都到会了。不说“主席先生，今天大会上没有一个缺席的”。
4. Upon hearing this news, I can't help shedding tears.
“当我听到这个消息时情不自禁地流下了眼泪。”（正说）
“听到…… 时我没法不流泪。”(反说)
5. Since you have heard of the matter, I cannot but tell you in detail.
“既然你对这件事已有所闻，我就只好告诉你详细情况了。” （正说）
1. He hardly has time to spend a sound holiday. （正说）
他几乎没有休过一个舒心的假日。(反说)
2. Transshipment is never acceptable to us. （正说）
我们从来都不接受转运条款。（反说）
3. He is no stranger to securities trading. （反说）
对于证券交易，他是一个内行。(正说)
有些介词、连词等在形式上毫无否定之意，但译成汉语时多半采用反说方式来处理。
1. This fact is above (beyond) suspicion. （正说）
这一事实是毋庸质疑的/这个事实毋庸质疑.
2. We shall wait at the bus stop till you arrive. （正说）
你不到我们会在车站等着不走。（反说）
练习四
frost-free refrigerator
Freeze!
Wet paint!
mortally ill
无霜冰箱
别动！
油漆未干！
不治之症
Many Western people are religious.
They're very excited about the possibility of going abroad.
The visitor was flattered and impressed.
很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。
他们为有可能出国而兴奋不已。
客人受宠若惊，深为感动。
They would read and re-read the secret notes.
We have to analyze and solve problems.
This has been our position---but not theirs.
他们往往一遍又一遍反复琢磨这些密件。
我们必须分析问题，解决问题。
这一直是我们的立场，而不是他们的立场。
The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.
He does know we have a meeting this morning.
This critical question is easy to answer.
这些事件引起了我们的重视。
他并不是不知道今天上午开会。
这一关键性问题其实不难回答。
Such flights couldn’t long escape notice.
In a moment he will turn and see us, and his f ace will be lighted by a smile so radiant you’ll feel warm all the way through..
这类飞行迟早会被人发觉的。
过一会儿他会转过身来看着我们，那时他脸上会泛出灿烂的微笑，让你全身都感到温暖。
With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion.
See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct.
只要稍加修理，这台机器便可以运转。
在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。
And now for the good news: Stockholm residents enjoy sunbathing in November. Antarctic tourism is booming. Siberia has become the world's breadbasket.
这是令人庆幸的消息：斯德哥尔摩居民在十一月尚能享受日光浴，南极的旅游业日趋兴旺，西伯利亚成了世界粮仓。
课堂测试
The proposal was carried by a very narrow margin.
We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.
这项建议差点通不过。
我们相信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
This product is below the standard.
Are you serious about this matter?
这种产品不合格。
这件事你不是在开玩笑吧。
THANKS
课堂练习
1. He storied about his academic career and his professional career.
2. His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.
3. The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.
4. Gentlemen may cry peace, peace ---but there is no peace.
1. 他编造了他的学历和经历。
2. 他的那些孩子也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。
3.医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多.
4. 先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。
8. 幸福家庭有幸福家庭的苦恼。
9. 勇之过度则蛮，爱之过度则为宠，俭之过度则为贪。
原文省略了定语和谓语译成汉语时应补上
10. Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.
11. All bodies consists of molecules and these of atoms.
12. Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.
13. He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men.
14. He was proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator.
10. 谁犯了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。
11. 所有物体都由分了组成，而分子则由原子组成。
原文中第二个of前省略了，并用these代替，汉译时补上了动词，还原了代词。
12. 上大学的上大学了，下乡的下乡了
13. 他想给他们增加些援助，增添些武器，增派些人员。
14. 他既精于飞行，又善于导航。
银行流水单翻译词汇(汇总)
中国各大银行名称缩写 中国建设银行——CCB(China Constuction Bank) 中国农业银行——ABC(Agricultural Bank of China) 中国工商银行——ICBC(Industrial and Commercial Bank of China) 中国银行——BOC（Bank of China) 中国民生银行——CMBC（China Minsheng Banking Co., Ltd） 招商银行——CMB(China Merchants Bank Ltd) 兴业银行——CIB (Industrial Bank Co., Ltd) 北京市商业银行——已经改名北京银行——BOB(Bank of Beijing) 交通银行——BCM(Bank of Communications) 中国光大银行——CEB(Chian Everbright Bank) 中信银行——(cvbnm` 广东发展银行——GDB(Guangdong Development Bank) 上海浦东发展银行——SPDB/SPDBank(Shanghai Pudong Development Bank) 深圳发展银行——SDB(Shenzhen Development Bank)
中国银行新线借记卡历史交易明细清单 Debit card transaction details history list 交易区间：2012/06/01 至2012/12/01 Trading range: to 打印日期：2012/12/17 打印网点: 11111 打印柜员：33333 Print date: Print branches:Print teller: 账号：1222222222 客户号：9999999 Account number: Customer number: 账户名：王三 Account name: WANG SAN 开户日期：2012/01/04 开户行：88881 Account opening date: Deposit bank: 产品大类：5500 产品子类：1999 Product Line: Subclass: 起息日：2012/01/12 到期日： Value date: Expiry date: 存折号：货币号： Bankbook number: Currency number: 交易日网点交易代码货币号交易金额交易余额摘要Trade date Branches Trade code Currency number Transaction amount Account balance Abstract 交易类别对方账号 Trade type Reciprocal account number
翻译中词汇的理解与表达
翻译中词汇的理解与表达 翻译时，译者只有对原作有透彻的理解，才能用译文语言准确地把它复述出来。理解主要是通过原文的上下文来进行。 一、词汇含义的理解 1．名词：It is the two superpowers that should be responsible for the hostilities in the Middle East．应对中东战争（×敌对状态）负责的是两个超级大国。有一些名词，特别是抽象名词的单数变成复数后，意义是不一样的。“hostility“enmity “ill will“敌意”“敌视”解，但“hostilities“war“战争”解。 2．动词：They were obviously quite impressed by the arguments that the Chinese were advancing．他们对中国人提出的（×正在前进）这种论点显然颇为赞同。 to advance作不及物动词用是“come or go forward“前进”，在这里作及物动词用是“put forward“提出”，宾语是arguments，应译为“提出论点”，that the Chinese were advancing是arguments的定语从句，而不是它的同位语从句。 3．副词：The basketball team was organized two years ago and it has yet to win a single game．这个篮球队两年前成立，还没赢过（×还得赢）一次比赛。这里yet与不定式连用，含有“到目前为止还没有做某事”的意义虚词虽没有实际意义，在句中不能独立担任任何成分，可是由于误解虚词而引起的误译却也不少。 4．冠词：Awoman with child goton the bus．一位孕妇（×妇女带
中国文化相关词汇英文翻译
中国文化相关词汇英文翻译 元宵节：Lantern Festival 刺绣：embroidery 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 剪纸：Paper Cutting 书法：Calligraphy 对联：（Spring Festival）Couplets 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 战国：Warring States 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 函授部：The Correspondence Department 集体舞：Group Dance 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 红白喜事：Weedings and Funerals 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 附属学校：Affiliated school 古装片：Costume Drama 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling（Soup） 一国两制：One Country，Two Systems 火锅：Hot Pot 四人帮：Gang of Four 《诗经》：The Book of Songs 素质教育：Essential-qualities-Oriental Education 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 大跃进：Great Leap Forward（Movement） 《西游记》：The Journey to the West 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 针灸：Acupuncture 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 偏旁：radical 孟子：Mencius 亭/阁：Pavilion/Attic 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 火药：gunpowder
常见翻译短语和句型
翻译训练 考查词组和句型在具体语境中的运用能力。这类考题所涉及的主要搭配有： be good at （在……方面好，善于） be filled with （充满……） be angry with （对某人发脾气） be pleased with （对……感到满意） be afraid of （害怕） be full of （充满……） be proud of （以……自豪） be interested in （对……感兴趣） be excited about （对……感到兴奋） be late for（……迟到） be kind to（对某人亲切） be bad for（对……有害处） stop…（from）doing sth （阻止……做某事） spend…（in）doing sth（花费时间或金钱做某事） help…doing…（帮助某人做某事） not…until…（直到……才……） so…that…（如此……以致……） such…that…（如此……以致……） too…to… （太……而不能……） prefer doing A to doing B=prefer to do A rather than do B（宁愿做A事而不愿做B事）find it +形容词+to do sth（觉得做某事是……的） It's time to do sth（是做某事的时候了） let's…（我们做……吧）等等 1.接不定式作宾语的常用动词: afford to do sth. 担负得起做某事 agree to do sth. 赞同做某事 arrange to do sth.布置做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 恳求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决议做某事 decide to do sth. 决议做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 expect to do sth. 期望做某事 fear to do sth. 惧怕做某事 help to do sth. 协助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 预备做某事 pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 aim to do sth. 计划做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 long to do sth. 盼望做某事
英语翻译常用词组汇总[1]
英语翻译常用词组汇总 be free from没有……的，不受……影响be identified as…被认为是… be known as被称做……，以……著称be known to为……所熟知 be popular with…受……欢迎 be prepared for对……做好准备 be regarded as被认为是…，被当做是… be satisfied with对……满意，满足于… be second to…次于… be sick of…对…感到厌倦 be used as…被用做… be used to…习惯于… get used to…习惯于… all of a sudden突然 all the time一直,始终 as a rule通常,照例 as far as...be concerned就...而言as to…至于…,关于… at best充其量,至多 before long 不久以后 beyond question毫无疑问 by all means尽一切办法,务必 every now and then时而,偶尔 in itself本质上,就其本身而言 sooner or later迟早,早晚 abide by… 遵守…,信守… agree with与…相一致同意…
be beneficial to… 有利于…，有益于… turn a blind eye to… 对…视而不见 by leaps and bounds飞速地，突飞猛进地 when it comes to一谈到…,就…而论 disagree with… 与…意见不一致不同意… give an opinion on… 对…发表意见 a dapt oneself to…=adjust oneself to…使自己适应于… attribute…to…把…归因于…，认为…是…的结果comment on…评论… concentrate on/upon…集中注意力于… on the contrary与之相反 convince somebody of something使某人确信某事deprive somebody of something剥夺某人某物 in detail详细地 be equipped with…装备有… in essence本质上 to…extent在…程度上 inform. somebody of something通知某人某事 lie in在于… major in主修… in the light of… 按照…，根据… on account of… 因为…，由于… in addition to… 除…之外 on (the/an) average平均，一般来说 on the basis of… 根据…，在…的基础上 at (the) best充其量，至多 on business因公，因事 in any case无论如何，总之
第二章 翻译技巧：词法翻译法
一、词的选择和意义引申 考研翻译的过程和核心解题策略 一、理解应以原文，拆分语法结构 二、改变原文顺序，组合汉语译文 词义选择和词义引申 词义的选择和词义引申是考研翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。 1.在1994年72)题a leader of the new school contends 中，school 是“学派”的意思，而不是“学校”的意思； 2.在1996年74）题elegant system 中，elegent是“完美，完善”的意思，而不是“优雅”的意思； 3.在2001年75）题And home appliances will become so smart that ...中，smart 是“智能化”的意思，而不是“聪明”的意思； 4.在2003年75）题like the concept of set in mathematics 中，set 是“集，集合”，而不是“一套，放置”等意思； 5.在2004年62）题we are obliged to them 中，obliged是“感谢，感激”，而不是“被迫”的意思。 词义的选择 例1.I’ll see her home tonight. 今晚我送她回家。 例2. India is the home of elephants. 印度是大象的生长地。 例3.He’s at home with the classics. 他精通古典文学。 例4.New homes are for sale. 新房出售。 例5.She’s at home where she is. 她在哪儿都自由自在。 例6.Maternity homr costs in America have gone up sharply. 美国妇产医院收费已经急剧上涨。 例7.Much is produced here for home market. 这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。 例8.He looks on London as his home. 他把伦敦看成是他的故乡。 在翻译时，词义的选择应从以下几个方面着手： （一）根据词性确定词义 forecast有“预报，预测”的意思，用作动词和用作名词时意思相同。 increase作动词时，表示“增加，增长，增进”的意思，用作名词时主要还是这些意思。book 这个单词，在作名词时，意思是“书，书籍”；用作动词却表示“预定，预约”的意思。
翻译中的词语搭配
翻译中的词语搭配 作者：程水英北盟外语 ［背景］由于英汉两种语言有着不同的表达习惯，我们在翻译一些常见的短语（联合式）时，要注意一个搭配的顺序问题。例如英语的track and field，track是“跑道，径赛”，“field”是“场地，田赛”，而汉语的习惯表达与之相反，通说为“田径”。 ［目标］掌握一些更符合英文表达习惯的用法，在翻译和写作的时候力求准确而达意。 ［攻略］I 顺序相同 1）up and down：上上下下，起伏地 The boat bobbed up and down in the water 那只小船在水中颠簸。 2）more or less：或多或少，有点儿 He more or less thought it was his duty to tell me． 他或多或少认为告诉我是他的责任。 3）rock and roll：摇滚乐 4）deaf and dumb：又聋又哑 5）heart and soul：全心全意地，满腔热情地 He devoted himself heart and soul to his work． 他全心全意地致力于工作。 6）day and night：日日夜夜，夜以继日 7）husband and wife：夫妻，夫妇 They have lived together as husband and wife for years． 他们结为夫妇共同生活了很多年。 8）black and white：（指电影、电视、照片等）黑白
I changed my black and white television for a color set． 我把黑白电视机换成了一台彩色的。 9）black and blue：青一块、紫一块的 10）wax and wane：（力量或重要性）兴衰，盛衰 Throughout history empires have waxed and waned． 历史上各个王朝均有兴衰。 11）home and abroad：国内外，海内外 Mount Tai attracts many tourists from home and abroad． 泰山吸引了许多海内外游客。 12）Ladies and gentlemen：女士们、先生们（用在发言的开始，虽然有时汉语也会说：“先生们，女士们”，但英语习惯始终是“ladies”在前面。） 13）from head to foot／toe：从头到脚，全身 The children were covered in mud from head to toe． 孩子们满身沾满了泥。 14）the First／Second World War： 第一次／第二次世界大战（也可以表示为World War I和World War II） 15）from first to last：自始至终，一贯 16）science and technology：科学技术，科技 Science and technology can reproduce productivity． 科学技术是第一生产力。 Qinghua Science and Technology Park 清华科技园 17）总书记：general secretary（不过“总领事”是“consul general”，“总司令”是“commander in chief”，另外“secretary ge neral”为“秘书长”。）
四级翻译词汇汇总
如何在强化阶段复习翻译，又如何在考试中夺取高分呢？我们认为：词汇和长难句是攻克翻译这座大山的不二法宝。 关注特殊词汇，学习日常生活词语 段落翻译的重点依然是词汇，特别是较为特殊的翻译类词汇，通过样卷分析，建议考生多关注一下和中国节日、历史事件、经济文化、旅游活动、社会发展等相关的词汇。大家可以关注以反映中国社会为主的一些英文杂志和报纸，例如中国日报及其网站。这份报纸的大部分内容确实超越了考生的实际水平，但考生可以学习一些涉及日常生活的词语。每天看看网站中的头条新闻，配合中文新闻的背景，就可以学到很多表达。中国日报网站下面的一个小栏目：language tips，有大量简单实用的双语文章，考生有时间可关注。同时，考生要购进一些难度不大的翻译书籍，注意中英文的切换规则。 写长难句可增加得分点 段落翻译的另一难点就是长难句的攻克，平时加大对长难句的分析，考试中才能写出精彩得分的句型。分析从句比较多的长难句，要找到句子的切分点，切分点主要有两种，一个是直接看到的，即连接词that、which、who、when等等；另外一个是潜在的，即各种动词形式，包括doing、to do(单独使用的)、done等等。 最后，注意做翻译一定要坚持两点，即打草稿和"写"。在头脑中形成的翻译不是翻译，落到纸上，仍然不一定是通顺的句子，所以，每次在做翻译时，一定要坚持把语言写出来，这样才能提
高语言组织能力。同时，长难句的翻译不是一气呵成的，要练习如何打草稿，保证不会因直接誊写出现涂改问题，通过平时的草稿练习，也锻炼下打草稿的清晰程度，避免在誊写时丢掉一些东西。 一、中国经济 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned
中国特色文化词汇翻译
1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣：embroidery 3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting 6. 书法：Calligraphy 7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11. 战国：Warring States 12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department 15. 集体舞：Group Dance 16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals 18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 21. 附属学校：Affiliated school 22. 古装片：Costume Drama
23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems 26. 火锅：Hot Pot 27. 四人帮：Gang of Four 28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs 29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement) 32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West 33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34. 针灸：Acupuncture 35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37. 偏旁：radical 38. 孟子：Mencius 39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic 40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41. 火药：gunpowder 42. 农历：Lunar Calendar 43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp 44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization
英汉翻译词汇搭配
英汉翻译中的词汇搭配问题 Collocation in the Translation Between English and Chinese 代绍荣许芳 摘要：在英汉翻译中，词汇搭配问题不容忽视。本文试图通过一些实例说明词汇搭配的规律，并探讨解决词汇搭配问题的办法以及考虑这个问题的角度。 关键词：英汉翻译词汇搭配现象分析解决办法考虑角度 Abstract: Collocation is highly worth special attention in the translation work between English and Chinese. This article attempts to illustrate some general principles for collocation in translation , and proposes solutions to this problem and the seven angles from which to consider this problem. Key words: translation between English and Chinese collocation phenomenon analysis solution consideration angles 在翻译活动中，对原文的正确理解是做好翻译工作的基础，而对原文中词汇的恰当翻译是做好翻译工作的重点。在词汇翻译过程中，我们会不可避免地遇到词汇搭配问题。这个问题不解决好，翻译活动就没法进行下去，或者就不会译出好的作品来。本文拟就英汉翻译活动中经常遇到的各种词汇搭配问题作一分析，并提出解决的办法，以供参考。 一 在英汉两种语言当中，都有一些可以直接对译成目的语的词汇，包括简单的词、短语和习语等。它们的意义比较容易理解和把握，在目的语中有比较明显的对应词汇。这种直译不影响原文的意义和风格，是词汇翻译中最简单的一种，例如： He is a diligent student。 他是个勤奋的学生。 也因为如此，这类翻译中的词汇搭配问题比较容易解决，又例如： I bought a bunch of red roses for my girlfriend. 我买了一束红攻瑰送给女朋友。 这种搭配大多是因为下面的原因： （1）词汇本身意义不复杂，如diligent, bunch等。 （2）两个词汇经常搭配使用，形成惯用法。如：a lucky dog（幸运儿）, watch TV（看电视）, crude oil (原油) 等。 （3）涉及专用词汇，如in China 等 虽然这种情况下的翻译比较简单，但我们还是要注意弄清原文中每个词汇的含义，选择恰当的目的语词汇来翻译。 二 大多数情况下，词汇的翻译并不是那么容易的，需要我们动一番脑筋。词汇的搭配对所涉及的每个词汇的具体含义起相当大的限制作用。特别是有些词，本身含义比较广泛，词性也比较多，当它们和不同的词搭配时，具有不同的含义，这就需要我们熟读原文，弄清原文的准确含义、文体风格、表现手法，然后在目的语中捕捉最贴切的词汇来翻译。下面举一个例子： free competition 自由竞争free room 空房间 free medical care 公费医疗free goods 免税货物 free bloomer 开花多的植物free state 游离状态 free gait 从容和步伐free wind 顺风
流体力学英语词汇翻译(2)
流体力学英语词汇翻译(2) 流体力学英语词汇翻译(2)流体力学英语词汇翻译(2)动量厚度momentum thickness 能量厚度energy thickness 焓厚度enthalpy thickness 注入injection 吸出suction 泰勒涡taylor vortex 速度亏损律velocity defect law 形状因子shape factor 测速法anemometry 粘度测定法visco[si] metry 流动显示flow visualization 油烟显示oil smoke visualization 孔板流量计orifice meter 频率响应frequency response 油膜显示oil film visualization 阴影法shadow method 纹影法schlieren method 烟丝法smoke wire method
丝线法tuft method 氢泡法nydrogen bubble method 相似理论similarity theory 相似律similarity law 部分相似partial similarity 定理pi theorem, buckingham theorem 静[态]校准static calibration 动态校准dynamic calibration 风洞wind tunnel 激波管shock tube 激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel 水洞water tunnel 拖曳水池towing tank 旋臂水池rotating arm basin 扩散段diffuser 测压孔pressure tap 皮托管pitot tube 普雷斯顿管preston tube 斯坦顿管stanton tube 文丘里管venturi tube u形管u-tube 压强计manometer
词汇翻译课2
catti翻译大课堂 词汇第二话：心理有它所有人便知 By ：帅气的王俊老师汉语中四字成语的翻译？ ?日益昌盛become increasingly prosperous ?快速发展develop rapidly ?隆重集会gather ceremoniously ?问题四字成语的翻译宝宝到底该怎么办？ ? 1.直译法 ? E.g. 日益强盛：become increasingly prosperous ?快速发展: develop rapidly ? 2.等量代换翻译法 ?在汉语与英语中有些词义是相对应的关系，这时可以用相对应的英语来翻译相应的汉语。 ? E.g.隔墙有耳：walks have ears. ?火上浇油：to add fuel to the flame ? 3.意译法 ?无法直译的四字习语，可以采用这样的翻译方法。 ? E.g. 落花流水用来表达被打败的意思，翻译成to be shattered to pieces.
?乌烟瘴气意思为：情形混乱不堪，可用chaos ?开门见山：to come to the point ?扬眉吐气：to feel proud and elated ?不到黄河心不死not stop until one reaches one’s goal ?穷棒子闹翻身，是八仙过海，各显其能。 ?When we pass from the old society to the new, each of us shows his true worth. ?注：由于八仙过海是带有中国神话特色的典故，所以无法找出英语中相对应的语言来进行表述，所以就要进行意译。?人山人海：people mountain people sea ?可以翻译成the sea of faces ? 5.本源法。 ?有些外来语，翻译时一定要还原其本意，将其本来的意思翻译出来，这样才能翻译出符合外来语本意的英文。 ?夹着尾巴：with the tail between the legs. ?战争贩子：war-monger ? 6.转换法。 ?此类词语一般都是名词+形容词的结构，所以在翻译时一定要调换词汇的位置。 ?物美价廉：first-rate goods with the reasonable price ?地大物博：vast territory and abundant resources
第二章 练习答案 词法翻译的一般技巧
第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 第一节对等译法 一、翻译下面的句子，注意搭配产生的“假朋友” 1. a faithful Christian 2. a loving parent 3. an obedient child 4. a virtuous wife 5. a dutiful husband 6. a hardworking student 7. strong wind 8. thick fog 9 heavy rain 二、翻译下列句子，注意不顾语境而产生的“假朋友”。 1. Only when they find much n common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards. (注意不要把“投机”翻译成speculative) 2. Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless, it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics. 3. Dear young friends, my advice to you is: Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career. 三、用对等译法，翻译下列成语。 1. fish in troubled waters 2. be after one's own heart 3. skin and bones 4. touch and go 5. hit the nail on the head 6. be head and shoulders above others 7. turn a deaf ear to 8. burn one's boat 9. turn a blind eye to 10. look for a needle in a bundle of hay 四、用对等译法，翻译下列谚语。 1. Practice makes perfect. 2. More haste, less speed. 3. East or west, home is best. 4. All is fish that comes to the net. 5. Everything comes to him who waits 6. The moon is not seen when the sun shines 7. Look before you leap. 8. There is no smoke without fire. 第二节增词译法 一、翻译下列句子，注意增补冠词 1. Even a child can answer this question. 2. This is the head of our delegation 3. He put the paper aside and turned on the radio. 4. The Chinese people are industrious and brave. 5. We must have faith in the masses.
英语写作及翻译中100个高频词语搭配
英语写作及翻译中100个高频词语搭配 1．经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy 2．人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard 3．先进的科学技术advanced science and technology 4．面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5．人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6．社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development 7．引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8．不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9．热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题a controversial issue 11．完全不同的观点a totally different argument 12．一些人…而另外一些人…Some people…while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,/ in my opinion 14．就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on… 15．有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons 16．双方的论点argument on both sides 17．发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in… 18．对…必不可少be indispensable to … 19．正如谚语所说As the proverb goes: 20．…也不例外…be no exception 21．对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on… 22．利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 23．导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24．复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon 25．责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 28．学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills 29．经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden 30．考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration 31. 从另一个角度from another perspective 32．做出共同努力make joint efforts 33. 对…有益be beneficial / conducive to… 34．为社会做贡献make contributions to the society 35．打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for… 36．综合素质comprehensive quality 37．无可非议blameless / beyond reproach 39．致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to… 40. 应当承认Admittedly, 41．不可推卸的义务unshakable duty
Unit 2-词语表达翻译练习
Unit 2 1-blast forth---我正津津有味地看精彩的足球赛，突然楼上爆响起摇滚乐。 enjoy a wonderful football game / from upstairs / blast forth / rock music I was enjoying a wonderful football game when rock music blasted forth from upstairs. 2----虽然也有节奏，但我恐怕那还不是真正的音乐。 I’m not sure it is really music, though it does have rhythm. 3----尽管他们的计划听上去很完美，但不一定行得通。sound perfect / work I'm not sure their plan will work, though it does sound perfect. 4----您听一下吧，您肯定会喜欢的。Listen for a minute; I’m sure you’ll like it. 5----改进你的思维模式，这肯定会给你的学习带来新的面貌。 improve your way of thinking / bring a new look to sth. Improve your way of thinking; I’m sure that will bring a new look to your study. 6-reach for--- 什么机会你都可能会遇到，关键是怎样去抓住它。 any opportunity / come one’s way Any opportunity may come your way, but the point is how you reach (out) for it. 7- as well as---网恋不论从理论上来说还是实际结果显示都远不尽人意。 cyber romance / in theory / in practice / far from perfect In theory as well as in practice, cyber romance is far from perfect. 8-as usual--- 她和往常一样静静地躺着，回想着一天来自己做的事情。 in peace and quiet / go over in one’s mind As usual, she lay in peace and quiet, going over in her mind what she had done for the day. 9-be done---木已成舟（生米做成熟饭）。 not be undone What’s done cannot be undone. 10- bolt out of ---听到取消考试的消息后，他冲出教室玩去了。 at the news that … / be canceled / seek fun At the news that the exam had been canceled, he bolted out of the classroom to seek fun. 11----one’s stomach is full of knots/ have knots in one’s stomach 她有几门考试没通过，使她心烦意乱。fail in sth. / make one’s stomach filled with knots She failed in quite a few exams, which made her stomach filled with knots. 12---- make one’s blood boil他生活的坏习惯使她如此恼火以致提出了离婚。 bad habits of living / so … that / come up with / divorce His bad habits of living made her blood boil so much that she came up with divorce. 13-我想我还不至于老得落伍吧，可没完没了地听那不成曲调、叫人心烦的歌着实让我生气。 I don’t think I’m old-fashioned, but hearing those tuneless, offensive lyrics repeatedly makes my blood boil. 14----我想我并不多愁善感，但那部影片却着实让我感动得落泪了。 emotional / move one to tears I don’t think I’m an emotional person, but watching that film did move me to tears. 15- appeal to---分享幽默短信对女孩子和男孩子同样具有吸引力。 share sth. with each other / humorous messages / as much … as Sharing humorous messages with each other appeals as much to girls as to boys. 16- get rid of--- 人越想摆脱某个想法，越难如愿。be eager to do sth. / to make it The more eager one is to get rid of some idea, the harder it is for one to make it. 17----我想我们应该感到幸运了，因为对我们来说女儿的最大问题还只是化化妆。 I suppose we should feel lucky because makeup is our biggest problem with her. 18----我想我们应该为儿子取得的进步感到骄傲了，因为他去年考试还垫底儿呢。 feel proud of / sb.’s progress / come bottom in an exam I suppose we should feel proud of our son’s progress because he came bottom in the exam last year. 19----我担心那种音乐对桑迪可能会产生负面影响。 What worries me is that music could have a negative influence on Sandy. 20----父母担心女儿在异地不会照顾好自己。take good care of oneself / in a strange place What worried the parents was that the daughter could not take good care of herself in a strange place.