怎样把中国的这些特色词汇翻译成英文让外国人懂

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10大类最具中国特色的英文词汇及表达汇总

10大类最具中国特色的英文词汇及表达汇总

10⼤类最具中国特⾊的英⽂词汇及表达汇总今天为⼤家分享的是10⼤类最具中国特⾊的英⽂词汇及表达,不仅平时⼝语中能⽤到,各类英语考试也是频频出现哦,⼀起加油吧~⼀、中国朝代的那些事⼉中华⽂明 Chinese civilization⽂明摇篮 cradle of civilization华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin皇太后 Empress Dowager汉⾼祖刘邦 founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin夏朝 Xia Dynasty明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties朝廷使者 royal court envoy⼆、中国那些易错的地名四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan陝西 Shaanxi厦门Amoy西藏Tibet三、四⼤发明的英⽂说法四⼤发明 the four great inventions of ancient China⽕药 gunpowder印刷术 printing造纸术 paper-making指南针 the compass四、中国四⼤名著《三国演义》 Three Kingdoms《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West《⽔浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions五、经典作品《史记》 Historical Records《⼭海经》 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《孝经》 Book of Filial Piety《孙⼦兵法》 The Art of War《三字经》 The Three-Character Scripture;The Three-Word Chant六、汉语的秘密汉字 Chinese character单⾳节 single syllable汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters阳平 rising tone阴平 high and level tone上声 falling-rising tone去声 falling tone五⾔绝句 a poem of four lines,each containing of five characters对对联 matching an antithetical couplet七、中华⽂化遗产拾珠重要⽂化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts⽂物 cultural relics中国画 traditional Chinese painting书法 calligraphy⽔墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting⼯笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting中国结 Chinese knot旗袍 Cheongsam中⼭装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 traditional Chinese garments (clothing),Tang suit⼋、中国年&传统节⽇⼗⼆⽣肖 the twele Chinese zodiac signs本命年one s year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches 传统节⽇ traditional holidays春节 the Spring Festival元宵节the Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)清明节the Pure Brightness Festival / the Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)端午节the Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)中秋节the Moon Festival / the Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)重阳节 the Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day九、中国天⼲地⽀等阳历 solar calendar公历 Gregorian calendar阴历 lunar calendar天⼲ heavenly stem地⽀ earthly branch闰年 leap year⼆⼗四节⽓ the twenty-four solar terms⼗、中国瑰宝习武健⾝ practice martial art for fitness⽓功 qigong,deep breathing exercises篆刻 seal cutting upriteous⼯艺, ⼿艺 workmanship/craftsmanship卷轴 scroll蜡染 wax printing泥⼈ clay figurine漆画 lacquer painting唐三彩 Tri-colored glazed pottery of theTang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonné(enamel)⽂房四宝 writing materials▼。

100个中国传统文化词汇的英文翻译翻译

100个中国传统文化词汇的英文翻译翻译

100个中国传统文化词汇的英文翻译翻译元宵节元宵节 Lantern Fes val 刺绣刺绣Embroidery 重阳节重阳节Double-Ninth Fes val 清明节清明节Tomb sweeping day 剪纸剪纸Paper Cu ng 书 法Calligraphy 对联对联 (Spring Fes val) Couplets 象形文字 Pictograms/Pictographic Characters雄黄酒雄黄酒Realgar wine 四合院四合院Siheyuan/Quadrangle 战国战国Warring States 风水风水Fengshui/Geoman c Omen 昆曲昆曲Kunqu Opera 长 城 The Great Wall 集体舞集体舞Group Dance 黄土高原黄土高原Loess Plateau 红臼喜事红臼喜事 Weddings and Funerals中秋节中秋节Mid-Autumn Day 花鼓戏花鼓戏Flower Drum Song 儒家文化儒家文化Confucian Culture 中国结中国结Chinese kno ng 古装片古装片Costume Drama 武打片武打片 Chinese Swordplay Movie元宵元宵 Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling 越剧越剧 Yue Opera 火锅火锅Hot Pot 江南江南 South Regions of the Yangtze River 谜语谜语Riddle 《诗经》《诗经》 The Book of Songs 《史记》《史记》Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian《红楼梦》《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions《西游记》《西游记》 The Journey to the West除夕除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Fes val 针灸针灸Acupuncture 唐三彩唐三彩 Tri-color Po ery of the TangDynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored po ery 孔子孔子 Confucius 偏旁偏旁 Radical 孟子孟子Mencius 亭/ 阁 Pavilion/ A c 黄梅戏黄梅戏Huangmei opera 火 药 Gunpowder 农历农历Lunar Calendar 印/ 玺 Seal/Stamp 腊 八 节 The laba Rice Porridge Fes val京 剧 Beijing Opera/Peking Opera秦腔秦腔Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 太极拳太极拳TaiChi 《本草纲目》《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica天坛天坛Altar of Heaven in Beijing 小吃摊小吃摊Snack Bar/Snack Stand 红双喜红双喜Double Happiness 文房四宝(笔墨纸砚)笔墨纸砚) The Four Treasure of the Study (Brush,Inks ck,Paper,and Inkstone ) 春卷春卷Spring Roll(s) 莲藕莲藕Lotus Root 罗盘罗盘Luopan/ compass 故宫博物院故宫博物院The Palace Museum 相声相声Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue 五行五行Five Phases 北京烤鸭北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck 《桃花扇》《桃花扇》 The Peach Blossom Fan木偶戏木偶戏Puppet Show 敦煌莫高窟敦煌莫高窟Mogao Caves电视小品电视小品TV Sketch/TV Skit 甲骨文甲骨文Oracle Bone Inscrip ons 古筝古筝Chinese Zither 杂技杂技acroba cs 门当户对门当户对 Perfect Match/Exact Match《水浒》《水浒》 Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh除夕除夕Chinese New Year's Eve 国子监国子监Imperial Academy 兵马俑兵马俑 Co a Warriors/ Terraco a Army 旗袍旗袍Cheongsam 中国古代四大发明中国古代四大发明the four great inven ons of ancient China (火药gunpowder 印刷术prin ng 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass ) 泼水节泼水节 Water-Splashing Day 馄饨馄饨Wonton 花卷花卷Steamed twisted rolls 羊肉泡馍羊肉泡馍Pita Bread Soaked in Lamb Soup冰糖葫芦冰糖葫芦 A s ck of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) 八宝饭八宝饭 Eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝粉丝Glass Noodles 豆腐脑豆腐脑 Jellied bean curd 小品小品Wi y Skits 孝顺孝顺To show filial obedience 武术武术 Wushu(Chinese Mar al Arts)宣纸宣纸Rice Paper 陶器陶器po ery/earthenware 佛教佛教Buddhism 中庸中庸 The way of medium(Golden Means) 爆竹爆竹firecracker 东坡肉东坡肉Dongpo Pork 中山陵中山陵 The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum秦淮河秦淮河Qinhuai River 玄武湖玄武湖Xuanwu Lake夫子庙夫子庙The Confucian Temple 鸭血粉丝鸭血粉丝Duck blood fans 盐水鸭盐水鸭 Yanshuiya, or salted and baked duck 大煮干丝大煮干丝Gansi 小笼包小笼包Steamed buns 明孝陵明孝陵Ming Tomb 云锦云锦 Nanjing brocade。

中国文化特色词语英译3

中国文化特色词语英译3

中国文化特色词语英译(一)宗教及传统文拜年: pay a New Year call财运: luck in making money江南水乡: the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River禅宗: Chan Sect/Zen Sect出家人: ascetic祠堂:memorial temple倒春寒:an unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring道教:Taoism道士:Taoist priest法师:Master 方丈:Buddhist abbot佛教:Buddhism恭喜发财:May you be prosperous和尚:Buddhism monk华表:ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele红包:red envelope containing money as a gift; bribe/kickback(贬义用法)华盖:canopy回教:Islam慧根:the organ of wisdom甲骨文:inscriptions on oracle bones戒律:precept/discipline金刚经:Diamond Sutra京剧票友:Perking Opera fan京剧人物脸谱:types of facial make-up in Perking Opera/Perking Opera masks旧教/天主教:Catholicism坎儿井:karez喇嘛:Lama老字号:an old and famous shop/enterprise尼姑:Buddhism nun涅槃:Nirvana旗袍:cheongsam三藏经:Tripitaka三教(儒、释、道):Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism时运:luck/fortune四大皆空:all space directions being void新教,耶稣教:Protestantism真人:Taoism pure man族人:clansman坐禅:sitting in meditation(二)名胜古迹阿里山:Ali Mountain碑林:Forest of Steles兵马俑:the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses布达拉宫:Potala Palace长春观:Changchun Taoism Temple承德避暑山庄:Chengde Mountain Resort /the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort 大屿山:Lantau Island大运河:Grand Canal滇池:Dianci Lake都江堰:Dujiangyan Weir二七纪念馆:February 7 Memorial Hall鼓浪屿:Gulang yu Islet/Gulang yu Island归元寺:Guiyuan Buddhist Temple龟山:Tortoise Hill华清池:Huaqing Hot Spring黄鹤楼:Yellow Crane Tower居庸关:Juyongguan Pass橘子洲:Orange Island孔庙/夫子庙:the Temple of Confucius坤宁宫:Palace of Earthly Tranquility乐山大佛:Leshan Giant Buddha灵隐寺:Temple of Soul’s Retreat龙门石窟:Longmen Grottoes芦笛岩:Reed Flute Cave毛主席纪念堂:Chairman Mao Memorial Hall莫高窟:Mogao Grotto in Dunhuang蓬莱阁:Penglai Pavilion人民大会堂:the Great Hall of the People人民英雄纪念碑:Monument of the People’s Heroes日月潭:Sun Moon Lake三峡:the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River/ the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River少林寺:Shaolin Temple/ Shaolin Monastery蛇山:Snake Hill狮子林:Lion Grove十三陵:the Ming Tombs石林:Stone Forest苏州园林:Suzhou Gardens/the Gardens of Suzhou太和殿:Hall of Supreme Harmony太湖:Lake Taihu天安门广场:Tian An Men Square天坛:the Temple of Heaven外滩:the Bund武侯祠:Temple Dedicated to the Memory of Zhuge Liang西湖:the West Lake象鼻山:Elephant Trunk Hill养心殿:Hall of Mental Cultivation颐和园(夏宫):the Imperial Garden /the Summer Palace雍和宫:Yonghegong Lamasery雨花台:the Terrace of the Raining Flowers玉渊潭公园:Jade Abyss Pool Park豫园(上海城隍庙):Yuyuan Garden/Shanghai’s Town God’s Temple 岳阳楼:Yueyang Tower中山陵:Dr. Sun Yet-sen’s Mausoleum紫金山天文台:Purple Hills Observatory紫竹院公园:Purple Bamboo Court Park(三)二十四节气二十四节气:the twenty-four solar terms立春:the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term)雨水:Rain Water(2nd solar term)惊蛰:the Walking of Insects(3rd solar term)春分:the Spring Equinox(4th solar term)清明:Pure Brightness(5th solar term)谷雨:Grain Rain(6th solar term)立夏:the Beginning of Summer(7th solar term)小满:Grain Full(8th solar term)芒种:Grain in Ear(9th solar term)夏至:the summer solstice(10th solar term)小暑:Slight Heat(11th solar term)大暑:Great Heat(12th solar system)立秋:the Beginning of Autumn(13th solar term)处暑:the Limit of Heat(14th solar term)白露:White Dew(15th solar term)秋分:the Autumnal Equinox(16th solar term)寒露:Cold Dew(17th solar term)霜降:Frost’s Descent(18th solar term)立冬:the Beginning of Winter(19th solar term)小雪:Lesser Snow(20th solar term)大雪:Greater Snow(21st solar term)冬至:the Winter Solstice(22nd solar term)小寒:Lesser Cold(23rd solar term)大寒:Greater Cold(24th solar term)(四)政治经济活动“达标”活动: “target hitting” activities“豆腐渣”工程:jerry-built project“一条龙服务”:coordinated-process service安居工程:housing project for low-income families按劳分配:distribution according to one’s performance把各项政策落到实处:truly put all policies into effect把握正确的舆论导向:to properly guide the public opinion把眼光放远一些:to subordinate immediate interests to the long-term ones/to be farsighted/to have a broad view把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处:to get the set principles, policies and measures implemented 百花齐放、百家争鸣:Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend百年不遇:once-in-a-century摆门面:to put up an impressive front半拉子工程:uncompleted project包干到户:work contracted to households保持和发展党的先进性:preserve and enhance/maintain and develop the Party’s vanguard nature 保重点,不撒胡椒面:Resources must be channeled to(or concentrated on) priority projects and not spread thinly(evenly) everywhere本位主义:departmentalism变相涨价:disguised inflation拨乱反正:to set things right/to restore things to order不搞一刀切:without imposing a single solution不顾条件,一哄而起:to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions不合理收费、集资和摊派:to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization不正之风:unhealthy practice(tendency)不良风气:unhealthy ways and customs部优产品:Ministry-recognized quality goods/products财政困难县:financially strapped counties菜篮子工程:the shopping basket project参政议政意识:the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs超计划生育:to have more children than what is planned/extra-plan babies城市最低生活保障制度:the system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents城乡居民最低生活保障制度:the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents吃大锅饭:egalitarian practice of “everybody eating from the same big pot”出口退税:export tax rebates传销:pyramid selling/multi-level marketing春运:(passenger)transportation during the Spring Festival磁悬浮列车:maglev train (magnetically levitated train )/magnetic suspension打白条:to issue IOUs打假:to crack down on counterfeit goods打捆带货:bundled loans大路货:staple goods大排档:sidewalk snack booth/large stall大腕:top notch/a heavyweight待业:job-waiting单位:organizations and institutions党风廉政建设:build a fine Party culture and keeps its organization clean党群关系:Party-masses relationship党性:one’s Party morale/Party spirit/Party character倒爷:profiteer第二职业:second employment/second occupation第三产业:tertiary industry/service sector对外宣传工作:to conduct public diplomacy programs发展是硬道理:Development is of overriding importance防洪工程:flood-prevention project房管:real estate management放宽市场准入:relax control over market entry/ease market access扶贫:poverty alleviation福利分房:welfare-oriented public housing distribution system改革开放:reform and opening to the outside world港人治港:Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong高新技术产业开发区:high and new technological industry development zone搞活国营大中型企业:to revitalize/invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 革命老根据地:the old revolutionary base areas公费医疗:medical services at state expense公款吃喝:banquet at public expenses挂靠:to be attached or affiliated to/to be subordinated to挂职:to take up provisional post in官倒:official profiteering/official racketing规范收入分配秩序:standardize pattern of income distribution国家行政编制:government staff status长期国库券:treasury bonds国有大中型企业:large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises和平共处五项原则:the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence和平统一,一国两制的方针:the principles of peaceful reunification and “one country, two systems”/the policy of peaceful reunification and the principle of “one country, two systems”和平演变:peaceful evolution towards capitalism和谐发展的内涵:the characteristics of a harmonious society 黑店:gangster inn黑社会:Mafia-style organizations; gangland红筹股:red-chip shares/red chips户口簿:residence booklet户口管理制度:domicile system/residence registration system户主:head of a household灰色收入:income from moonlighting火炬计划:Torch Program( a plan to develop new and high technology)基本国情:fundamental realities of the country基层民主:community-level democracy集体主义:community spirit/collectivism计划生育:family planning加强基层民主:to expand democracy at village and community level加强务实合作:to enhance cooperation in practical term假日经济:holiday economy坚持“一个中心、两个基本点”的基本路线:adhere to the Party’s basic line of taking economic development as the central task and upholding the four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, known as “one central task and two basic points”坚持两个文明一起抓:to ensure that efforts are made to build a society that is advocated both materially and culturally and ideologically减员增效、下岗分流:to cut down the size of workforce for efficiency and get the layoff re-employed elsewhere讲文明礼貌:to promote civilized behavior/civic manners讲学习,讲政治,讲正气的党性党风教育:to educate the cadres in the Party spirit and style through the promotion of the three emphases on theoretical studies, political awareness and integrity解放生产力:to emancipate the productive forces 解放思想:to free our mind戒急用忍:to overcome impetuosity exercise patience/no haste/be patient精简机构:to streamline government organs精神文明建设:to promote cultural and ethical progress纠风办:State Council Office for Rectification纠正不正之风:to rectify unhealthy tendencies and malpractices军转民:military conversion/conversion from military to civilian production开展扫黄打非斗争:to eliminate/crack down on pornography and other illegal publications康居工程:the Affordable Housing Project科技是第一生产力:Science and technology constitute a primary productive force科教兴国战略:the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education科学民主决策:to make decisions scientifically and democratically跨世纪工程:trans-century project污损企业:enterprises running in the end/under deficit廉政建设:construction of a clean government龙头:to play a leading role in/to serve as a powerhouse乱摊派:indiscriminate levies/arbitrary imposition of quotas乱涨价:unauthorized price rise民工:out-of-town laborer/rural laborer/migrant laborer民族区域自治制度:the system of autonomy of ethnic regions磨洋工:to dawdle along南水北调工程:projects to divert water from the south to the north农转非:agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status普法教育:to enhance legal awareness企业政策性破产:policy-mandated bankruptcy of enterprise强国之路:the path to a strong China勤俭强国:to build the country with industry and thrift全民所有制:public ownership/public sector/publicly owned权力下放:to delegate/decentralize power to the lower levels三角债:debt chains三通:direct links in postal service,air and shipping services and trade/three direct links ,mail and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits三峡工程:Three Gorges Projects三资企业:enterprises in the “three forms of ventures”: Sino-foreign joint ventures ,cooperative businesses and exclusively(wholly) foreign-owned enterprises扫黄:anti-pornography drive/campaign against pornography社会主义基本制度:the basic system of socialism涉外婚姻:Chinese marriage with foreign nationals 生态补偿机制:ecological damage compensation mechanism十年动乱:the ten chaotic years/the ten-year turmoil十年规划和“八五”计划纲要:the guidelines of the Ten-Year Program and the Eighth Five-Year Plan 实事求是:to pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach事业编制:staffing of government affiliated institutions四有公民:citizens who have high ideals, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of discipline脱贫:to shake off poverty歪风邪气:unhealthy practices and evil phenomena晚婚晚育:late marriage and postponement of childbearing温饱问题:the problem of inadequate of inadequate food and clothing五好家庭:five-virtue family五讲四美三热爱:five stresses, four points of beauty and three aspects of love五讲四美运动:the movement of “five stresses and four points of beauty”: to promote civility ,courtesy, tidiness, orderliness and integrity下海:to take the plunge into private business下硬功夫:to make intensive efforts乡镇企业:township enterprise/rural enterprise小康社会:a well-off society小康生活;to lead a relatively comfortable life小商品市场:smalls fair信息高速公路:information(super)highway/info highway星火计划:Spark Program姓社姓资问题:distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism亚运村:Asian Games Village严打:to crack down on crimes and social evils严防死守:life-and-death defense一刀切:sweeping approach/to impose uniformity on(e.g, all enterprises)/action in disregard of objective conditions一国两制:one country, two systems一切向钱看:money-mania/money-mad/to put money above anything else依法治国: to rule the country in accordance with law移风易俗:to transform outmoded habit and custom以权谋私:to abuse power for personal gains优生优育:to promote good prenatal and postnatal care/to improve prenatal and postnatal care有经济头脑的人:commercially minded people/people with business sense跃上新台阶:to reach a new high 宰人:rip-off政企分开:to separate government functions from enterprise management支农惠农政策:policies to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers治理三乱:to put to a stop/eliminate indiscriminate fines, charges and levies治理整顿:to improve the economic environment and rectify the economic order/economic improvement and rectification/economic retrenchment中央:the national leadership/the central Party and government authorities/the central government 重点贫困县:designated poverty-stricken counties重读建设:to build redundant project/duplication of similar projects抓住经济建设这个中心:to commit ourselves to the central task of economic development专业户:specialized household自负盈亏:to be responsible for one’s own profit and loss自留地:individual farm plots/private plots of land走共同致富的道路:to take the road of common prosperity遵纪守法:to observe discipline and abide by the law重要机构名称英译(一)学校各部门(大学)\校医院:university hospital保卫科:security section/office财务处:finance section/office基础部:basic training department教材科:teaching material section/office教务处:the dean’s office教研室:teaching and research room科研室:scientific research department膳食科:catering section/office外事处:foreign affairs office学生科:student affairs section/office学术委员会:academic committee研究生院:graduate school招生办公室:admission office政教处:political education section/office总务处:general affairs office(二)政党及组织九三学社:The Jiu San Society台湾民主政治同盟:The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League政治局:Political Bureau中共中央对外联络部:International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee 中共中央统战部:United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee中国共产主义青年团:Communist Youth League of China中国国民党革命委员会:The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomingtang中国民主促进会:China Association for Promoting Democracy中国民主建国会:China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主同盟:The China Democratic League中国农工民主党:Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党:China Zhi Gong Party中央办公厅:General Office of the Central Committee中央党校:Party School of the Central Committee; Central Party School中央顾问委员会:Advisory Commission of the Central Committee中央候补委员:Alternate Member of the Central Committee中央纪律检查委员会:Discipline Inspection Commission of the Central Committee中央军事委员会:Military Commission of the Central Committee中央绿化委员会:Greening Commission of the Central Committee中央书记处:Secretariat of the Central Committee中央政法委员会:Commission of the Politics and Law of the Central Committee中央政治局:Political Bureau of the Central Committee中央政治局常务委员会:Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee 中央组织部:Organizing Department of the Central Committee(三)国务院所属各部、委、局兵器工业部:Ministry of Ordnance Industry财政部:Ministry of Finance城乡建设环境保护部:Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection地质矿产部:Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources电子工业部:Ministry of Electronic Industry对外经济贸易部:Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade对外贸易经济合作部:Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation纺织工业部:Ministry of Textile Industry工商行政管理总局:General Bureau of Industrial and Commercial Administration公安部:Ministry of Public Security广播电影电视部:Ministry of Radio, Film and Television国防部:Ministry of State Defense国防科学技术工业委员会:the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for State Security 国家安全部:Ministry of State Security国家标准总局:State Bureau of Standardization国家测量制图局:State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography国家档案局:State Archives Bureau国家地震局:State Seismological Bureau国家发展计划委员会:State Development Planning Commission国家海洋局:State Oceanic Bureau国家计量总局:State Bureau of Metrology国家经济体制改革委员会:the State Commission for Restructuring Economic System国家经济委员会:the State Economic Commission国家民族事务委员会:the State Nationalities Affairs Commission国家商品检验局:State Commodity Inspection Commission国家水产总局:State Bureau of Aquatic Products国家税务局:State Taxation Administration国家体育运动委员会:the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission国家统计局:State Statistical Bureau国家物价局:State Bureau of Commodity Prices国家新闻出版署:State Press and Publications Bureau国内贸易部:Ministry of Internal Trade国土局:Land and Resources Bureau国土资源部:Ministry of Land and Natural Resources国务院参事室:Office of Counselors to the State Council国务院港澳办公室:Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office under the State Council 国务院侨务办公室:Overseas Chinese Affairs under the State Council海关总署:General Administration of Customs航天工业部:Ministry of Astronautics Industry核工业部:Ministry of Nuclear Industry华侨事务委员会:Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission化学工业部:Ministry of Chemical Industry机械工业部:Ministry of Machine-Building Industry监察部:Ministry of Supervision建设部:Ministry of Construction交通部:Ministry of Communications教育部:Ministry of Education科学技术部:Ministry of Science and Technology劳动和社会保障部:Ministry of Labor and Social Security林业部:Ministry of Forestry劳动人事部:Ministry of labor and Personnel Affairs旅行游览总局:General Administration of Travel and Tourism煤炭工业部:Ministry of Coal Industry民政部:Ministry of Civil Affairs农牧渔业部:Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery轻工业部:Ministry of Light Industry全国供销合作总社:All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing cooperatives审计署:Auditing Administration石油工业部:Ministry of Petroleum Industry水利电力部:Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power司法部:Ministry of Justice铁道部:Ministry of Railways外国专家局:Bureau of Foreign Experts Admission外交部:Ministry of Foreign Affairs文化部:Ministry is Culture信息产业部:Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom Induastries冶金工业部:Ministry of Metallurgocan邮电部:Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications宗教事务局:Bureau of Religious Affairs.(四)其他政府和群众组织中华全国妇女联合会:All-China Women’s Federation中华全国工商联合会:All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce中国残疾人协会:Chinese Association for Trade Unions中国红十字会:Red Cross Society of China全国人民代表大会:National people’s Congress省人民代表大会:Provincial People’s Congress地区人民代表大会:Prefectural People’s Congress市人民代表大会:C ity People’s Congress自治区人民代表大会:Autonomous Regional People’s Congress中国人民政治协商会议:Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 最高人民法院:The Supreme People’s Court中级人民法院:Intermediate People’s Court中央法院:Central Court地方法院:Local Court人民检察院:People’s Procuratorate中国民用航空局:Civil Aviation of China中国民用航空总局:General Administration of Civil Aviation of China中国文字改革委员会:Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language 中国中央电视台:China Central Television Station (CCTV)中央气象局:Central Bureau of Meteorology中国人民广播电台:Central People’s Broadcasting Station中央文史研究馆:Central Research Institute of Culture and History新华社:Xinhua News Agency辞书出版社:Lexicographic Publishing House古籍出版社:Classics Press/Ancient Books Publishing House广播电视出版社:Broadcasting and Television Press人民出版社:People’s Publishing House商务印书馆:Commercial Press少年儿童出版社:Juveniles and Children’s Publishing House外文出版社:Foreign Languages Press社会科学出版社:Social Science Publishing House文艺出版社:Literature and Art Publishing House译文出版社:Translation Publishing House中国对外翻译出版公司:China Translation and Publishing Corporation .。

中国特色词汇英语

中国特色词汇英语

中国特色词汇英语
1. 红包 (Hongbao):在中国传统文化中,红包是一种在特殊场合(如春节、婚礼等)赠送的装有现金的红色信封,寓意着祝福和好运。

2. 春运 (Spring Festival Travel Rush):指在中国农历新年前后,大量民众返乡过年的大规模交通运输现象。

3. 四大发明(The Four Great Inventions):造纸术(Papermaking), 印刷术(Printing), 火药 (Gunpowder), 指南针 (Compass),是中国古代对世界具有很大影响的四种发明。

4. 四合院 (Siheyuan):是中国传统的住宅建筑形式,通常由四个房屋围成一个庭院。

5. 京剧 (Beijing Opera):中国的传统戏曲形式,以其独特的唱腔、服装和表演风格而闻名。

6. 中医 (Traditional Chinese Medicine):基于中国传统医学理论和实践经验的医学体系,包括针灸 (Acupuncture)、推拿 (Massage) 等治疗方法。

7. 筷子 (Chopsticks):中国传统的餐具,用于夹取食物。

8. 功夫 (Kung Fu):又称中国武术,是中国传统的自卫技巧和体育活动。

9. 灯笼 (Lantern):在中国传统节日和庆祝活动中经常使用的装饰物品,象征着吉祥和团圆。

10. 大熊猫 (Giant Panda):中国特有的珍稀动物,因其可爱的外观和稀有的数量而受到全球的关注和喜爱。

以上只是一小部分具有中国特色的词汇,还有许多其他的词汇反映了中国独特的文化、历史和社会现象。

中国传统文化有关的英语词汇

中国传统文化有关的英语词汇

中国传统文化有关的英语词汇以下是更多与中国传统文化有关的英语词汇及翻译:1. 四大发明:The Four Great Inventions- 造纸术:Paper-making- 印刷术:Printing- 火药:Gunpowder- 指南针:Compass2. 中医:Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)- 中药:Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbs- 针灸:Acupuncture- 推拿:Tuina3. 传统文学:Traditional Literature- 诗经:The Book of Songs- 唐诗:Tang Poetry- 宋词:Song Ci- 明清小说:Ming and Qing Novels4. 工艺美术:Arts and Crafts- 景泰蓝:Cloisonné- 刺绣:Embroidery- 陶瓷:Ceramics- 木雕:Wood Carving5. 饮食文化:Food Culture- 筷子:Chopsticks- 茶道:Tea Ceremony- 八大菜系:Eight Major Cuisines6. 传统历法:Traditional Calendar- 农历:Lunar Calendar- 二十四节气:The 24 Solar Terms7. 传统礼仪:Traditional Etiquette- 鞠躬:Bow- 抱拳礼:Fist-andPalm Salutation- 敬茶:Offering Tea8. 哲学概念:Philosophy Concepts- 和谐:Harmony- 中庸:The Doctrine of the Mean- 礼:Ritual这些词汇可以帮助你更好地理解和描述中国传统文化。

如果你对某一特定领域的传统文化词汇有具体需求,请告诉我,我将尽力提供相关词汇和翻译。

中国文化特色词语英译

中国文化特色词语英译

中文摘要特色词汇是中国研究中相当重要的一局部。

中国特色词汇是表达中国文化中的特有事物,其中蕴藏着中国千百年文化的内涵,当中国的文化传出中国走向世界的时候,这些中国特色词汇又是怎样不失原味的被翻译成外语从而被外国人所承受的呢?本文将以中国特色词汇翻译成为例,介绍了一些中国特色词汇的被译成英语的方法,它们分别是音译、直译、意译等,通过这些方法可使大家根本了解中国特色词汇在英语交际是怎样被转换并被使用的,逐渐融合进传统英语中的,以满足人们日常生活中用英语交流的需要。

除此之外,还将浅谈中国特色词汇所对应的特别的英文词汇出现的原因之一:中西文化差异造成的词汇空缺。

并对文化差异进展细分详细阐述。

还将提出一些关于中国特色词汇在英语国家传播的前景的看法。

关键词:中国特色词汇;文化差异;翻译AbstractChineseculture-loadedwordsarebecomingincreasinglyimportantinthestudyofChinaEnglish.Chin eseculture-loadedwordsrefertotheuniquenessofChineseitems,andofcourse,containtheconn otationofChineseculture.WiththewidespreadofChineseculturetotheworld,howc antheybeunderstoodandacceptedbyforeignersaccuratelyintranslation?Thepaper,bygivingagoodnumberofexamples,introducessomemethodsoftranslatingChineseculture-loadedwords,includingtransliteration,literaltranslation,freetranslationandsoon.ThesemethodshelptounderstandhowChineseculture-loadedwordsaretransformedintoandusedinEnglish,andhowtheygraduallyintegrateintothetra ditionalEnglishandsatisfythedemandofcommunicationinEnglish.Inaddition,thepaperistoexposeindetaillexicalgapcausedbyculturaldifferencesb etweentheEastandtheWest.Furthermore,it alsoofferssomeviewsontheprospectofthespreadofChineseculture-loadedinEnglish-speakingcountries.Keywords:Chineseculture-loadedwords;culturedifferences;translation一、前言英语从它传入中国的第一天开场就发挥着强大的交流作用,同时也开场了在中国的过程。

中国特色词汇英语表达

中国特色词汇英语表达

京剧Peking opera秦腔Qin opera功夫Kungfu太极TaiChi口技ventriloquism木偶戏puppet show皮影戏shadow play折子戏opera highlights杂技acrobatics相声witty dialogue comedy刺绣embroidery苏绣Suzhou embroidery泥人clay figure书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting水墨画Chinese brush painting中国结Chinese knot中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针the compass青铜器bronze ware瓷器porcelain;china唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝cloisonne秋千swing武术martial arts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucian culture道教Taoism墨家Mohism法家Legalism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu庄子Chuang Tzu墨子Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu象形文字pictographic characters文房四宝(笔墨纸砚)the four Treasures of theStudy(brush,ink stick,paper,and ink stone) 《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius《孙子兵法》The Art of War《三国演义》Three Kingdms《西游记》Journey to the West《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals《史记》Historical Records《诗经》The Book of Songs《易经》The I Ching;The Book of Changes 《礼记》The Book of Rites《三字经》Three-character Scriptures八股文eight-part essay五言绝句five-character quatrain七言律诗seven-character octave旗袍cheongsam中山装Chinese tunic suit唐装Tang suit风水Fengshui;geomantic omen阳历Solar calendar阴历Lunar calendar闰年leap year十二生肖zodiac春节the Spring Festival元宵节the Lantem Festival清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节the Mid-autumn Day重阳节the Double-ninth Day七夕节the Double-seventh Day春联spring couplets庙会temple fair爆竹firecracker年画(traditional)New Year pictures 压岁钱New Year gift-money舞龙dragon dance元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯festival lantern灯谜lantern riddle舞狮lion dance踩高跷stilt walking赛龙舟dragon boat race胡同hutong山东幕Shandong cuisine川菜Sichuan cuisine粤菜Canton cuisine扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine月饼moon cake年糕rice cake油条deep-fried dough sticks豆浆soybean milk馒头steamed buns花卷steamed twisted rolls包子steamed stuffed buns北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck拉面hand-stretched noodles馄饨wonton(dumplings in soup)豆腐tofu;bean curd麻花fried dough twist烧饼clay over rolls皮蛋100-year egg;century egg蛋炒饭fried rice with egg糖葫芦tomatoes on sticks火锅hot pot长城the Great Wall of China烽火台beacon tower秦始皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路the Silk Road敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes华清池Huaqing Hot Springs五台山Wutai Mountain九华山Jiuhua Mountain峨眉山Mount Emei泰山Mount Tai黄山Mount Huangshan;the Yellow Mountain故宫the Imperial Palace天坛the Temple of Heaven午门Meridian Gate大运河Grand Canal护城河the Moat回音壁Echo Wall居庸关Juyongguan Pass九龙壁the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵the Ming Tombs苏州园林Suzhou gardens西湖West Lake九寨沟Jiuzhaigou Valley日月潭Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫Potala Palace鼓楼drum tower四合院quadrangle;courtyard complex孔庙Confiicius Temple乐山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha十八罗汉the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛Lama转世灵童reincamated soul boy中药traditional Chinese medicine《黄帝内经》Emperor Huangdi’s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine《神农本草经》Shennong’s Herbal Classic《本草纲目》Compendiwn of Materia Medica针灸acupuncture推拿medical massage切脉feeling the pulse五禽戏five-animal exercises旧石器时代the Paleolithic Age新石器时代the Neolithic Age;New Stone Age母系氏族社会matriarchal clan society封建的feudal朝代dynasty秦朝Qin Dynasty汉朝Han Dynasty唐朝Tang Dynasty宋朝Song Dynasty元朝Yuan Dynasty明朝Ming Dynasty清朝Qing Dynasty秦始皇帝Emperor Qinshihuang;the First Emperor of Qin皇太后Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦Liu Bang,Emperor Hanggaozu,founder of the Han Dynasty成吉思汗Genghis Khan春秋时代the Spring and Autumn Period文成公主Tang Princess Wencheng慈禧太后Empress Dowager Ci Xi皇帝,君主emperor;monarch诸侯vassal皇妃imperial concubine丞相,宰相prime minister太监court eunuch少数民族ethnic minority祭祀offer sacrifices西域the Western Regions战国the Warring States中国文化Chinese civilization文化的摇篮cradle of civilization秦始皇统一中国unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang鸦片战争the Opium War太平天国the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom戊戌变法the Reform Movement of 1898辛亥革命the 1911 Revolution新民主主义革命New-democratic Revolution五四运动the May 4th Movement of 1919南昌起义Nanchang Uprising918事变September 18th Incident长征the Long March西安事变Xi’an Incident南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre抗日战争the War of Resistance Against Japan 毛泽东Mao Tse-tong孙中山Sun yat-sen蒋介石Chiang Kai-shek国民党Kuomingtang中华人民共和国the People’s Republic of china(PRC)满族Manchu蒙古人Mongol士大夫scholar-officials学者scholar诗人poet政治家statesman社会地位social status中国社会多元文化论cultural pluralism文化适应acculturate社会保障social security班车shuttle bus搬迁户 a relocated unit or household大龄青年single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女the only child in afamily单亲single parent福利彩票welfare lotteries家政服务household management service 民工migrant laborers名人celebrity农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor/laborers青春期puberty全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign全国人口普查nationwide census社会保险social insurance暂住证temporary residencepermit/card青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency性骚扰sexual harassment走私smuggling性别歧视gender/sexual discrimination年龄歧视age discrimination工作歧视job discrimination享乐主义hedonism文盲illiteracy贫富分化disparity between the rich and the poor盗版pirated/illegal copies一国两制One Country,Two Systems三个代表the Three Represents Theory两会(人大,政协)Two Conferences(NPC and CPPCC)南南合作South-South Cooperation南北对话North-South Dialog人大常委会People’s Congress Standing Committee法制观念awareness of law法治国家 a country with an adequate legalsystem。

英语四级翻译中的中国特色词汇

英语四级翻译中的中国特色词汇

英语四级翻译中的中国特色词汇一、中国朝代的那些事儿中华文明Chinese civilization文明摇篮cradle of civilization华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors秦始皇帝First Emperor, Emperor Chin皇太后Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD) 成吉思汗Genghis Khan ; Temujin夏朝Xia Dynasty明清两代(of) Ming and Qing dynasties朝廷使者royal court envoy二、中国那些易错的地名四川Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan陝西Shaanxi这两个地名是经常弄错的呦,而且写法也不同于拼音哦,请注意!三、四大发明的英文说法四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针the compass四、汉语的那些秘密小编啰嗦一句:汉语是世界上最美的文字,没有之一汉字Chinese character单音节single syllable汉语四声调the four tones of Chinese characters阴平level tone阳平rising tone上声falling-rising tone去声falling tone五言绝句five-character quatrain七言律诗seven-character octave八股文eight-part essay; stereotyped writing五、课本中的四书五经你忘了嘛?四书五经The Four Books and The Five Classics 1、四书the Four Books《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius/The Works of Mencius 2、五经The Five Classics《春秋》the Spring and Autumn Annals《诗经》The Books of Songs;The Book of Odes 《易经》I Ching; The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites 《尚书》The Books of History。

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East and the West. Furthermore, it also offers some views on the prospect of the spread of Chinese culture-loaded in English-speaking countries.Key words: Chinese culture-loaded words; culture differences; translation一、前言英语从它传入中国的第一天开始就发挥着强大的交流作用,同时也开始了在中国发展的过程。

而当中国改革开放,政治,经济,科学技术,社会生活等诸方面发生急剧变化的时候,一批又一批新词新语也应运而生,其数量的成长速度之快令人应接不暇。

于是在国际英语交流过程中,表现了中华文化中最有个性的内容的,具有浓郁的中国特色的词汇,在西方语言中是没有现成可以对应的词语,这就产生了对应空缺的现象,成为跨文化交际的重要障碍。

此时,研究应如何解决这个障碍,为中国文化更好的传播铺平道路显得尤为重要。

本文将对上述的一些问题进行阐述。

二、中国词汇的特点世界上的文字体系大致可以归属三类:表形文字(图画文字),表音文字(音意结合文字),表意文字(拼音文字)[1](25) 。

汉字,属于表意文字,它与世界大多数民族使用的拼音文字是有显著的差别。

它的字形结构与表意作用有着紧密的关系。

汉字的这一特点当然是由汉语的本身特点所决定的。

古代汉语中单音节词占优势,同音词多,又缺乏形态变化,加上方言分歧严重,而表意性质的汉字正可适应这些特点而满足交际的需要。

于是这种文字本身就成为中国文化的一大特色[2](362)。

那么汉语的词又是怎样造出来的呢?“汉语的字和词是分开的。

汉语的字是有限的,虽然人们还在造新字,但是这是极为有限的。

而汉语新词构造却是无限的。

”“汉字的词形较为固定,不像英语那样可以变化多端。

现代汉语与英语相似,采用合成法来扩充词汇,汉语的字、词拼组新词的时能力及强。

”相比之下“英语的字与词是不分的,或者说没有字,只有词。

英语虽然有自由词根(free-bound),但数量有限”就是因为汉字多体现其(形)意,所以“汉语词义比较窄,较为精确、固定、比较严谨,因而词义的伸缩性和上下文的依赖性就比较小,独立性就较大。

”[1](26)就因为中国词汇具有以上的特点,在双语转换的过程中就会出现词汇空缺的现象,而这些特点的形成与其所在的文化背景是分不开的。

三、中国特色词汇翻译的难点及成因即文化差异所造成的词汇空缺语言是在历史长河的发展中形成的,语言是文化的载体,文化是语言的土壤。

文化的真正意义对于本文化群体来说那是再熟悉不过的东西了,但是对于不同文化的群体,则是非常陌生的。

不同的文化造就了不同的语言群体,于是,当不同语言群体在相互交流的过程中就产生了词汇空缺,即无法在非本族语言的范围内寻找到能够表达其意思的相对应的词汇,而这些文化的差异主要表现在信仰,艺术,道德,法律,风俗以及其余社会上习得的能力与习惯上(一)、传统积淀历史文化因素造成词汇空缺现象中国是具有悠久历史的东方文明古国,其传统的文化思想自然反应到语言上。

传统的固然在人们的脑中是根深蒂固的,就像这个“龙”字,在华夏文化中,“龙”字是传说中的神异动物之一,与凤凰、麒麟、龟合称“四灵”。

除这个字义外,它还被视为中华民族的象征,形成一种中华文化图腾,现在称炎黄子孙为“龙的传人”,可见其影响之大。

后世的很多皇帝就“龙”这个事物作为权威的象征,如坐龙椅,褂龙袍,睡龙床等等。

然而在西方国家,“龙”(dragon)是凶险的,“因为在英语的历史上从贝尔沃夫时代起,龙就是凶险邪恶的象征,是吐火伤人的怪物。

”[1](277)这是传统积淀造成的人们对同一事物的不同理解,其进一步的发展就造成了词汇空缺。

再如“中秋节”Mid-Autumn Day;“泼水节”Wat er-Splashing Day等,这些都是中国传统佳节,是中国优良文化的积淀,悠久历史传承至今的瑰宝,这些传统文化佳节现在已经不仅仅是被中国人所专有,它们也在一些喜欢中国文化的外国人中流行起来。

而欧美信仰的是基督教,所以有不少词汇包括他们的节日都与《圣经》和基督教有关,如a covenant of salt(不可背弃的盟约),as poor as a church mouse(家徒四壁);较之,汉族文化的重要组成部分与佛教和道教是分不开的,如:苦海无边,回头是岸,佛法无边。

再有一些如“武术” wu shu ,“功夫” kung fu,“扭秧歌”yang ko,这些民间的特色文化,在中国还未对外开放,这些对西方人来说都是闻所未闻的,这些都反映了这两种不同的历史文化所造成的词汇空缺。

(二)、地域文化的差异造成的词汇空缺地域文化差异指的是一个民族所处的地理位置、自然条件和生态环境等不同所形成的文化差异。

语言的产生与人们的劳动和生活有很大的关系,中国英语中大量的成语、典故、俚语、俗语、格言、谚语等都带有浓烈的汉名族特色和地域色彩。

汉民族是生活在亚洲大陆上,人们的生活离不开土地。

而英国是一个岛国,航海业一直很发达。

两者的不同就出现了汉语文化中很多词汇与土地有关,而在英语词汇中很多都与海有关;例如,汉语用“土崩瓦解”形容彻底崩溃,无法收拾,而英文用“get into hot water”表示陷于困境。

“烂醉如泥”英文用drunk as a sailor,这里不用泥,而用的是水手[3]。

此外,地域的差异影响到的气象变化进而还会影响到农牧业,这方面的不同是造成中英无对应词汇的另一个因素。

不列颠岛西北山区潮湿多雨,其后属湿润型,在树林里适合生长蘑菇,而中国地处东南亚,幅员辽阔,各地的其后差别也是相当大的,于是汉语中用来比喻新事物迅速大量地涌现出来的成语“雨后春笋”被译成英文时就为spring up like mushrooms or to mushroom up。

(三)、习俗文化的差异造成的词汇空缺英汉风俗习惯的差异体现在许多方面,如饮食,婚嫁,节气,对色彩的偏爱,亲属关系等等。

这些差异也常常使语言间出现相对的词汇空缺现象。

比如,在中国,人们喜欢在喜庆的节日里用红色来装扮,认为红色代表着吉祥好运,新人在结婚的时候都喜欢穿着红色的衣服;而在西方国家里它们则认为红色代表着暴力与血腥,新人们在婚礼时则以白色来代表它们纯洁无瑕的爱情,但在中国,白色却时常表示不幸[4]。

所以英语中的吉日不是中国人所想象的a red day正确的应该是a white day。

而汉语中所说的红人则不可以翻译成a red-haired girl,其正确的译法应该是a white headed boy. 再来看看在对待动物的态度上,英民族喜爱宠物,狗是他们最喜爱的宠物之一,他们认为狗很忠诚。

而狗在汉文化中却是一种卑微的动物,它被人看作是“低贱”的代名词。

所以与狗有关的词语大多含有贬义,如:“狗胆包天”“狗仗人势”“狗腿子”“狗头军师” “狗急跳墙”;但英文中,有关狗的词语大多没有贬义,如:“居于高位” be top dog;“幸运儿” a lucky dog。

再如,中国古时候女子要以三寸金莲为美,于是就有女子“裹足”bound feet: a vile feudal pract ice which crippled women both physically and spiritually, 以及“童养媳”child wife: girl raised from childhood to be wife of son of family.还有一些反映中国居住习惯的词如“炕” kang: a heatable brick bed等等。

以上都可以被看成是习俗文化的差异造成的词汇空缺。

四、中国特色词汇的几种英译方法翻译是一种跨文化行为,它不仅仅是两种语言间的相互转换,更是两种文化的交融[5],其复杂性是不言而喻的。

而中国特色词汇是凝聚着中国悠久历史文化的精髓,在翻译时要如何在保留中国特有的文化内涵的同时,又可以让西方的人们可以弄懂和接受,那就不仅需要译者有深厚的文学功底而且也应具备丰富的文化知识。

(一)、音译音译,在中国,其定义为“把一个国家或民族的人名、地名、或其它名词的读音译成另一个国家或民族的读音”。

而外国学者则把音译解释为“把一种语言中的词、字母的读音译成另一种语言的读音”[6]。

从音译法的定义来看,音译法较之其它方法,在翻译引进专业技术术语、人名、地名和商品名等专有名词时较常用。

而且,音译在双语转化的过程中能够叫完整明显的保留原有读音,听起来显得特别有亲切感。

比如:“茶,由中国流传至世界各国,也是人们所熟悉的,英语中的tea起源于闽南方言‘茶’的读音”[2]369英语中的won ton(馄饨),yamen(衙门),mafoo(马夫),xiucai(秀才)等等。

这样,既保持了语义的中国文化特色,又吸引了读者的注意力,又不失顺应了语言交际的环境。

但是,音译并非是尽善尽美的,比如市面上卖的一种名为LUX的日常洗漱用品,它的中文名字为“力士”,单看此中文名字,让人们首先联想到的一定是大力士,他们具有发达的肌肉,超强的运动能力,很难让人们想到使用此产品后达到的那种舒爽,滋润的感觉。

这就造成了读者们的困扰。

(二)、直译那么什么是直译?目前尚无定论。

但是可以采用一种说法,即在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想的前提下,在译文中既保留原文内容又保留原文形式,特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族地方色彩等的译文为直译[7]。

目标是作到形式与内容的统一,即“形”,“神”兼备。

如“铁饭碗”直译成iron rice bowl;“红包”直译成red packet;“开放政策”open-doorp olicy;“乡镇企业”township and village enterprise s; “黑市”black market “时间就是金钱” Time is money等等,这些翻译既表达了原词汇的内容,又保存了原词汇的比喻。

但是直译常常会造成译者往“死译”的空子里钻,翻译出的词汇,文章就会显得刻板,当采用直译时要特别注意这一点。

(三)、意译意译,简单地说,是放弃原文的修辞格,也不用其他修辞格,只是把意思平铺直叙地翻译出来[8]。

他是通过对原词汇深层蕴意的理解将原词汇的表层结构有机地转化为译语的表层结构,重在再现原词汇的蕴意,真实的传达词汇所含的信息[9]如“专有技术”technical know-how“三句话不离本行” talk shop all the tim e “鱼米之乡” a land of honey andmilk “小处节约,大处浪费/小事聪明,大事糊涂” Penny wise, pound foolish;“大排挡”sidewalk snack booth等等,这些意译是通过对词汇深层蕴义的理解后将通过找到对方文化中所相似的事物情景,采用,其真实的传达原词汇所含的信息。

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