BRM Ch05 Framework Development and Research Objectives

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3. Hypotheses (cont’d)
• 虚假设与对立假设
– Null hypothesis – Alternative hypothesis
• 假设的步骤
– 建立虚无假设与对立假设 – 依据所搜集的资料是参数或非参数选择统计检验方 法 – 决定期望的显著水平 – 确认计算机计算结果是否显示预期的显著水平 – 当结果大于临界值时，拒绝原假设，接收对立假设
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2.Variable (cont’d)
• Mediated variable or Intervening variable
– A mediating relationship is quite a different thing, although "moderating" and "mediating" are often confused. – A mediating relationship is one in which the path relating A to C is mediated by a third variable (B)
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1. Variable
• • Variable
– not having a fixed numerical value
Type of variable
– – – – Dependent variable 因变量 Independent variable 自变量 Moderating variable 调整变量 Intervening or mediating variable 介入变量
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2.Variable (cont’d)
• Dependent and independent variable
影响变量
关心的变量，研究的变量
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2.Variable (cont’d)
• (1)Dependent and Independent variable y = a + bxi + ei
H0 : b = 0 H1 : b ¹ 0
If p value > a, reject H0, accept H1 If p value < a, accept H0
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2.Variable (cont’d)
• (1)Dependent and independent variable
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2.Variable (cont’d)
• (2)Moderating variable
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2.Variable (cont’d)
• (2)Moderating variable
– A when the relationship between variables X and Y depends on the level of Z. – To look moderating relationship can be thought of as an interaction. It occurs for a moderating relationship you form a new variable, which is the product of the two predictors.
– 市场导向测量采用的是Gray et al.的量表，顾客导向、竞争对 手导向、职能间协调、快速反应及利润追踪，由20个句子组 成。
• 3.2 创新
– Johne和Storey对服务业企业进行新服务开发进行了详细研究 ，提出了服务创新的6个关键因素：（1）公司环境；（2）创 新过程；（3）人员参与；（4）机会分析；（5）发展；（6 ）执行,共17个问句。
Chapter 5
Framework Development and Research Objectives
理论框架和研究内容
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Chapter Objectives
1. Variable and Type of Variable 2. Theoretical Framework 3. Hypothesis
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2. Theoretical Framework (cont’d)
• 理论框架的组成要素
–清楚地界定与归类与研究有关的变量 (变量) –详尽说明变量之间的理论关系（关系） –说明变量之间的关系方向与性质（方向） –详细解释为什么期望这些关系存在（解释） –提供理论框架的系统图形（图形）
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• 3.1市场导向
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3. Hypotheses (cont’d)
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Review
• Variable
– – – – Dependent variable Independent variable Moderating variable Mediating variable
• Framework
– The relationship among the variables – Variable, relationship, direction, why it is that relationship and draw framework
y = b 0 + b1 x + b 2 z + b 3 xz + ei
– If the xz term is significant, we have a moderating rep;Kenny ,1986,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology)
– Moderating variables are introduced to account for situations where the relationship between the antecedent and the consequent variable is presumed to depend on some third variable.
2.Variable (cont’d)
• (3)Mediated variable or Intervening variable
– may be introduced to explain why an antecedent variable affects a consequent variable.
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2. Theoretical Framework (cont’d)
• 理论框架的基础 How to get your Framework
–访谈 –观察 –文献综述 –经验
• 如何确定理论框架How to design the Framework
–描述变量之间的关系 –提供基础; 变量辩析; 逻辑关系
• 3.3 企业表现
– 包括财务（收入）表现和非财务表现（如：品牌、顾客满意 等）两个方面都进行了测量
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(Aric Rindfleisch; James E Burroughs; Frank Denton 2003, JCR)
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(Serkan Aydin, 2005,EJM)
Shu-Chi Lin, Yin-Mei Huan ,2005 The role of social capital in the relationship between human capital and career mobility
• Hypothesis
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Robert Palmaltier ,2005 MSI working paper
3. Hypotheses
• 形成可验证明命题的过程，就称为假设 • 假设的定义
– 指将两个或更多变量之间合理推测的关系用可验证 的命题表达出来
• 假设的表达形式
– 如果; 那么
• 方向性与非方向性假设
– 方向性：正面，负面，多于，少于等 – 非方向性：是否存在差异
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2. Theoretical Framework
• The conceptual/theoretical framework is a logically developed, described and elaborated network of associations among concepts or variables deemed relevant to the problem situation. • 理论框架是一种概念模型，通过它可以 建立理论，或找出研究问题中几个重要 因素间的合理关系。