模联专业用语
模联用语(1)
概述General Terms多极化multipolarity国家主权national sovereignty维持外交关系maintain diplomatic relations维护世界和平safeguard world peace武装冲突armed conflict把自己的意志强加于人impose one’s own will on others霸权主义和强权政治hegemonism and power politics保卫国家主权和民族资源safeguard national sovereignty and national resources边界现状status quo of the boundary不附带任何条件never to attach any conditions，with no strings attached不结盟国家/政策non-aligned countries / policy采取协调行动take concerted steps常驻代表permanent representative独联体国家Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS)发展和平友好，平等互利，长期稳定的关系develop relations of peace and friendship , equality and mutual benefit , and prolonged stability 高层次，全方位的对话high-level and all-directional dialogue公认的国际关系原则generally-accepted principles of international relations公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序a fair and rational new international political and economic order国际关系的准则norms governing international relations国际关系中最起码的准则rudimentary code of international relations国际惯例international common practice国家不分大小，应该一律平等All countries , big or small , should be equal捍卫国家主权，领土完整和民族尊严safeguard national sovereignty , territorial integrity , and national dignity和平共处五项原则the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence互谅互让mutual understanding and mutual accommodation互通有无exchange of needed goods抗美援朝战争War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea联络处liaison office领土管辖权territorial jurisdiction领土毗连territorial contiguity流血冲突bloody conflict民间外交people-to-people diplomacy南北对话South-North dialogue南南合作South-South cooperation贫穷国家impoverished nation全方位外交multi-faceted diplomacy伸张正义，主持公道adhere to principles and uphold justice神圣不可侵犯sacred and inviolable审视度势size up the situation诉诸武力或以武力相威胁resort to the use or threat of force外交使团diplomatic mission外交政策的基石cornerstone of a country’s foreign policy维持外交关系maintain diplomatic relations维护人权和不断改善人权状况safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation维护世界和平safeguard world peace无中生有make/create something out of nothing武装冲突armed conflict削减战略核武器会谈strategic arms reduction talks （START）用和平手段解决争端solve disputes by peaceful means正式照会formal note中立国neutral state中美联合公报Sino-US joint communique互相尊重，求同存异adhere to the principle of mutual respect and seek common ground while shelving differences 度假外交holiday-making diplomacy弹性外交elastic diplomacy民间外交people-to-people diplomacy国际组织Community 共同体Caribbean Common Market 加勒比共同市场Caribbean community, CARICOM 加勒比共同体Central American Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, CEAO 西非经济共同体, East African Community, EAC, 东非共同体Economic Community of West African States, ECOWAS 西非国家经济共同体European Common Market 欧洲共同市场European Economic Community, EEC 欧洲经济共同体French Community 法兰西共同体Conference 会议Arab Summit Conference 阿拉伯首脑会议Conference of Heads of State and Government of Non-Al不结盟国家和政府首脑会议（不结盟国家会议）Assembly of the Heads of State and Government of the O非洲国家和政府会议Conference of Developing Countries (the 77-nation group)开发中国家会议（七十七国集团）Conference of Heads of State and Government of East an东非和中非国家元首和政府首脑会议（东非和中非国家首脑会议）Islamic Conference 伊斯兰会议Council 理事会Asian and Pacific Council, ASPAC 亚洲太平洋地区理事会Australia, New Zealand, United States Treaty Organization澳新美理事会Nordic Council 北欧理事会World Peace Council 世界和平理事会Confederation 联合会International Confederation of Free Trade Union, ICFTU 国际自由工会联合会World Confederation of Labor, WCL 世界劳工联合会World Federation of Trade Unions, WFTU 世界工会联合会World Federation of United Nations Associations, WFUNA联合国协会世界联合会Association 联盟Association of South East Asian Nations, ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟（东盟）European Broadcasting Union, EBU 欧洲广播联盟European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟International Cooperative Alliance, ICA 国际合作社联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union, IPU 各国议会联盟L e a g u e o f A r a b S t a t e s(A r a b L e a g u e) 阿拉伯国家联盟Western European Union, WEU 西欧联盟Association 协会A f r o-A s i a n J o u r n a l i s t s'A s s o c i a t i o n 亚非新闻工作者协会A f r o-A s i a n W r i t e r s'A s s o c i a t i o n亚非作家协会European Community of Writers 欧洲作家协会International Committee of the Red Cross, ICRC 红十字国际委员会International Organization of Journalists, IOJ 国际新闻工作者协会International Pen 国际笔会International Red Cross Conference, IRCC 国际红十字大会League of Red Cross Societies, LRCS 红十字会协会Universal Esperanto Association, UEA 国际世界语协会Bank 银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非州开发银行Asian Development Bank, ADB 亚洲开发银行Caribbean Development Bank, CDB 加勒比开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Inter-American Development Bank, IADB 美洲开发银行International Bank for Economic Co-operation, IBEC 国际经济合作银行Islamic Development Bank, IDB 伊斯兰开发银行World Bank 世界银行Organization 组织Andean Pact Organization (Andean group), ANCOM 安第斯条约组织（安第斯集团）European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN 欧洲核研究组织International Radio and Television Organization, OIRT 国际广播电视组织International Telecommunication Satellite Consortium, IN国际通讯卫星组织North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO 北大西洋公约组织（北约）Organization of African Unity, OAU 非洲统一组织Organization of American States, OAS 美洲国家组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAP阿拉伯石油输出国组织Organization of central American States 中美洲国家组织Organization of the Islamic Conference, OCAS 伊斯兰会议组织Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC石油输出国组织（欧佩克）国际关系protectorate （被）保护国asylum 庇护;避难forntier region, border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家patrimonial sea 承袭海consultations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权developing countries 发展中国家dependency 附庸国plebiscite 公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势merger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营c o u n t r y o f o n e's r e s ide n c e 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use 实用,有效,廉价,方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast 中东neutral state, neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual ben发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小,应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决t o m a k e u p f o r e a c h o t h e r's d e f i c i e n c i e s 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty 维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况模板1（均以China为例）1、表明自己国家立场的词汇（在陈述时使用）Chinathinks/believes/realizes/affirms/claims/states/addresses/declares/notices/considers/ reminds/recalls/observes that….Chinais aware of…Chinabears in mind /keeps in mind2、表明自己国家意愿China hopes/wishes /desires thatChina appeals to /expects to/devotes attention to/would like toChina accepts sth..China encourages…3、强调自己国家立场China reiterates/emphasizes/reaffirms/China takes sth into account/ notes with deep concern/takes sth into consideration4、呼吁建议别国做某事China calls upon/suggests/purposes/commends/recommends/demands/requires/appeals thatChina urges to/calls for5、表达反对观点China disapproves/6、赞同他国代表的话China expresses its appreciation/ express its satisfaction /notes with approval/views with appreciationChina supports/endorses thatChina highly appreciates sth/ is delighted to/ is eager to,7、表达愤怒同情等感情China strongly condemns/deplores/ deeply regret /feels deeply disturbed/ solemnly affirms thatChina expresses its deepest sympathy and condolences to8、常用副词（表示程度）Fully, further, deeply ,highly回顾性条款用语• Affirming, Reaffirming, Alarmed by;• Aware of, Bearing in mind, Fully aware;• Realizing, Recognizing, Taking into account;表达希望或遗憾的用语• Desiring, Expecting, Seeking, Welcoming• Noting with deep concern, Noting with regret• Fully believing, Believing, Viewing with appreciation• 表肯定与支持• Accepts, Affirms, Approves, Endorses, Reaffirms;• Confirms, Emphasizes, Supports, Trusts, Believes;• 表否定与遗憾• Deplores, Regrets, Condemns, Expresses its concern;• 表建议• Expresses its hope, Further invites, Encourages;• Suggests, Requests, Recommends, Calls, Urges.• 肯定：Affirms, Reaffirms, Confirms;• 强调：Emphasizes, Underlines;• 谴责：Condemns, Deplores, Regrets;• 赞赏：Endorses, Expresses its appreciation;• 建议：Suggests, Calls upon/for, Recommends;• 决定：Decides, Demands, Requests, Urges;• 程度词：Further, Fully, Strongly, Deeply.====================================================== ===============模板2.（均以例句形式出现）1.肯定与同意：Accept, Approve, Agree, Affirm, Reaffirm, ConfirmReaffirm: to state sth. again in order to emphasize that it is still true. 重申；再次确定例句：The President reaffirmed his commitment to democratic elections. 总统重申了他对民主选举的承诺。
模拟联合国大会基本用语
模拟联合国大会基本用语开头：1、请大会主席团成员和工作小组成员就位;2、Distinguished delegates, now we’re going to have the roll call. Please raise youplacard and answer ‘present’现在大会开始点名3、4、There are A delegates present, the Simple Majority is B, the two-thirds Majorityis C and 20% of All is D.名结束,本会场本分组会议共有A位代表出席,简单多数为B,2/3多数为C,20%数为D;5、现在我宣布首届模拟联合国大会正式开会;6、大会首先对叙利亚问题进行讨论,需要发言的国家请举牌;7、现在请X国代表上台对本国立场进行2分钟的陈述;正式辩论：1、下面有请X国代表上台发言,时间60秒;2、Now the Speakers’ List is open. Delegates, who want to be added in the Speakers’ List, please raise your placards.现在开启正式辩论发言名单,请希望被列入主发言名单的国家高举国家牌;注意点国家名时注意速度,以便主席助理记录3让渡时间让渡给主席The Chair: Thank you, delegate. You have X seconds left. Would you like to yield your time主席：谢谢X国代表,您还有__秒的发言时间;请问是否愿意让渡你的发言时间代表：让渡给主席;The Chair: Thank you.主席：谢谢让渡给其他代表The Chair: Thank you, delegate. You have X seconds left. Would you like to yield your time主席:谢谢X国代表,您还有__秒的发言时间;请问是否愿意让渡你的发言时间Delegate: I would like to yield my time to India代表：让渡给印度代表The Chair: Thank you. Delegate of India, now you have X seconds.主席：谢谢;印度代表,现在您有X秒的发言时间;让渡给问题The Chair: Thank you, delegate. You have X seconds left. Would you like to yield your time主席：谢谢X国代表,您还有__秒的发言时间;请问是否愿意让渡你的发言时间Delegate: I would like to yield my time to question.代表：让渡给问题;The Chair: Thank you. All those delegates who want to ask questions to X国, please raise your placards.主席：谢谢;下面代表们可以就X国代表发言提问,希望提问的代表请举牌;The Chair: Thank you, dear delegate. Your time is up.主席：谢谢x国代表,您的发言时间结束;动议和问题1、未见问题或动议TheChair:Arethereanypointsormot ionsofthefloorSeenone.We’llgoonthesp eakers’list.Honorabledelegatefrom…,youhave60stoaddressthebody.主席：请问场下有无问题或动议未见问题或动议;下面继续进行发言;尊敬的__国代表,您有60秒的发言时间;2、问题TheChair:Arethereanypointsormotionsonthefloor主席：请问场下有无问题或动议DelegateofIsrael:Point.以色列代表：问题;TheChair:DelegateofIsrael,towhatpointdoyourise主席：以色列代表有何问题程序性问题DelegateofPakistan:Pointoforder.Pakistanhasn‘tbeenaddedtothespeakers list.巴基斯坦代表：程序性问题;巴基斯坦未被列入发言名单;TheChair:Thankyou,delegate.TheRapporteurwilladdPakistantothespeakersl ist主席：抱歉;主席助理将把巴基斯坦列入发言名单;咨询性问题DelegateofCongo:Pointofinquiry.Congowantstomakesurehowmanyvotesweneedto passamotionofsuspendmeeting 刚果代表：咨询性问题;刚果代表想知道动议赞成中断会议需要多少代表投票通过TheChair:Thankyou,delegate.Weneedasimplemajority.主席：需要简单多数通过;动议TheChair:Arethereanypointsormotionsofthefloor主席：请问场下有无问题或动议DelegateofChina:Motion.中国代表：动议;动议更改发言时间TheChair:DelegateofChina,towhatpointdoyourise主席：中国代表有何动议DelegateofChina:Chinamotiontosetthespeakingtimeto40 seconds.中国代表：中国动议将发言时间缩短为40秒;TheChair:Thankyou.Nowthere’samotiononthefloortosetthespeakingtimeto1 minute.Is there a second Thank you. n ow have to vote.All those delegates in favor of thism o t i o n p l e a s e r a i s e y o u r p l a c a r d s.A l l t h o s e o p p o s e p l e a s e r a i s e y o u r p l a c a r d s.T h a n k y o u.With5infavorand13 oppose,thismotionfailed.主席：谢谢;现在中国代表动议将发言时间缩短为1分钟;请问场下有无赞同下面我们进行投票;赞成此动议的代表请举牌;反对此动议的代表请举牌;谢谢;5票赞成,13票反对,此动议未通过;动议自由磋商TheChair:DelegateofChina,towhatpointdoyourise主席：中国代表有何动议DelegateofChina:Chinamotionforanunmoderatedcaucusfor5minutes.中国代表：中国动议进行5分钟的自由磋商;T h e C h a i r:T h a n k y o u.N o w t h e r e’samotiononthefloorforanunmoderatedcau cusfor5minutes.IsthereasecondThankyou.IsthereoppositionThanknowhavetovote.Allth osedelegatesinfavorofthismotionpleaseraiseyourplacards.Allthoseoppose pleaseraiseyourplacards.Thankyou.With13infavorand5oppose,this m otionpassed.Weare nowinanunmoderatedcaucus.主席：谢谢;现在中国代表动议进行5分钟的自由磋商;请问场下有无赞同,下面进行投票;赞成此动议的代表请举牌;……反对此动议的代表请举牌;谢谢;13票赞成,5票反对,此动议通过;我们现在进行5分钟的自由磋商;The Chair: Delegates, you still have 1minute.主席：各位代表,你们还有1分钟的时间;The Chair: all delegates, please be seated.主席：代表们请就座;动议有主持核心磋商TheChair:DelegateofChina,towhatpointdoyourise主席：中国代表有何动议Delegate of China:Chinamotionforamoderatedcaucusfor5minuteson the topic of SecurityCouncilreformandeachdelegatehas30seconds speakingtime.中国代表：中国动议就安理会改革进行5分钟有主持核心磋商;每位代表有30秒的发言时间;The Chair:Thank you.Nowthere’samotiononthefloorforamoderatedcaucusfor5minutesonthetopicofSecurityCouncilreformandeachdelegatehas30seconds’ speaking time. IsthereasecondThankyou.Wenowhavetovote.Allthosedelegatesinfavorofthism o t i o n p l e a s e r a i s e y o u r p l a c a r d s.A l l t h o s e o p p o s e p l e a s e r a i s e y o u r p l a c a r d s. T h a n k y o u.With13infavorand5oppose,thismotionpassed. All thosedelegateswishtospeakpleaseraiseyourplacard.Sudan.Nowyouhave30sec onds.主席：谢谢;现在场下有一动议就安理会改革进行5分钟有主持核心磋商;每位代表有30秒的发言时间;请问场下有无赞同谢谢;下面进行投票;赞成此动议的代表请举牌;反对此动议的代表请举牌;13票赞成,5票反对,此动议通过;下面请希望发言的代表举牌;苏丹,现在你有30秒的发言时间;TheChair:TheChairwouldliketoaskalastdelegateto speak.主席：主席将请最后一位代表发言;TheChair:Sincewejusthave20secondsleft.Wewon’thaveanotherdelegate.And nowwe aregoingbacktoourspeakers’list.主席：因为有主持核心磋商只剩20秒;我们现在回到发言名单;工作文件和决议草案的提交TheChair:Thechairwouldliketoencouragethedelegatestosubmityourworkingp aperstothedirectornow.主席：主席希望代表现在能向会议指导提交工作文件TheChair:Thechairwouldliketoseedraftresolutionsubmittedtothedirectorn ow.主席：主席希望代表现在能向会议指导提交决议草案TheChair:Nowwehaveworkingpaper/draftsubmittedbyChinaprintedfor ever ydelegate,nowarethereanypointsormotionsonthefloor主席：中国代表提交了工作文件/决议草案,现已印发给了各位代表.请问场下有无问题或动议China:Motiontointroduceworkingpaper.中国：中国动议介绍工作文件;TheChair:China now have to vote.All thosedelegatesin favorofthismotionpleaseraiseyour placards.Thank you.All thoseopposepleaseraise your placards.Thank you. With 13 in favor andoppose,thismotionpassed._____, nowyouhave3minutestointroduceworkingpaper.主席：中国动议介绍工作文件;请问场下有无赞成谢谢;现在我们进行投票;赞成此动议的代表请举牌;反对此动议的代表请举牌;谢谢;１３票赞成,５票反对;此动议通过;__国代表,现在你有３分钟的时间介绍工作文件;__国:ThankyouChair.Introduction.__代表：介绍工作文件TheChair:Nowalldelegatescouldask3questions onthegrammarof t hew o r kin g pap e r.Allthosedelegateswithquestionspleaseraiseyourplacards.主席：现在各位代表可就该工作文件的语法方面提出３个问题.希望提问的代表请举牌;工作文件和决议草案的介绍时间为３分钟;主席要提醒代表一旦决议草案被提交,正式辩论围绕决议草案展开,而非之前设定的议题;关于工作文件、决议草案的提问只限于语法、用词以及模糊不清的概念,而不可针对决议草案的内容;介绍决议草案仅限于行动性条款;结束辩论以及投票TheChair:Arethereanypointsormotionsofthefloor主席：请问场下有无问题或动议DelegateofChina:Motion.中国代表：动议;TheChair:DelegateofChina,towhatpointdoyourise主席：中国代表有何动议DelegateofChina:Chinamotiontoclosethedebate.中国代表：中国动议结束辩论;TheChair:There’samotiononthefloortoclose the debateandgodirectlytovoteforthedraftresolution.Weneedtwodelegatestosp eak for this motionandtwoagainstit.Thosedelegateswishingtoclose thisdebatepleaseraiseyourplacards.主席：中国代表动议结束辩论;下面请两位赞成此动议的代表和两位反对此动议的代表发言;希望结束辩论的代表请举牌;TheChair:__,nowyouhave1min.主席：__国代表,现在您有１分钟发言时间;TheChair:Wenowhavetovote.Allthosedelegateswishingtoclosethedebateplea seraiseyourplacards.Thoseopposepleaseraiseyourplacards.With14infavorand4oppose,this motion passed,thedebateisclosed.NowtheChairwouldliketointroducetheRapporteurtoholdthe rolecallvote.主席：现在我们开始投票;希望结束辩论的代表请举牌;希望继续辩论的代表请举牌;14票赞成,4票反对,现在结束辩论;现在由主席助理来主持进行针对决议草案的唱名表决; The Rapporteur:Nowwe will votefordraft . Please answer“yes”,“no” or “abstain” henyourcountry’snameiscalled.Australia, Australiavotes“y e s”…主席助理：先对决议草案进行唱名表决;请被点到的代表答“赞成”、“反对”或“弃权”;澳大利亚,澳大利亚赞成TheChair:W i t h…delegates infavorof this draft resolution,…abstain and …delegate opposed.Thisdraft resolution failed/passed.主席：…票赞成,…票弃权,…票反对,该决议草案未能通过/通过;主席应该提示代表哪些投票需要2/3多数;。
模拟联合国大会基本用语
模拟联合国大会基本用语开头：1、请大会主席团成员和工作小组成员就位。
2、Distinguished delegates, now we’re going to have the roll call. Please raise you placard andanswer ‘present!’（现在大会开始点名）3、There are [A] delegates present, the Simple Majority is [B], the two-thirds Majority is[C] and 20% of All is [D].名结束，本会场本分组会议共有[A]位代表出席，简单多数为[B]，2/3多数为[C]，20%数为[D]。
4、现在我宣布首届模拟联合国大会正式开会。
5、大会首先对叙利亚问题进行讨论，需要发言的国家请举牌。
6、现在请X国代表上台对本国立场进行2分钟的陈述。
（正式辩论）：1、下面有请X国代表上台发言，时间60秒。
2、Now the Speakers’ List is open. Delegates, who want to be added in the Speakers’ Lis t, please raise your placards.现在开启正式辩论发言名单，请希望被列入主发言名单的国家高举国家牌。
注意点国家名时注意速度，以便主席助理记录3让渡时间3.1让渡给主席The Chair: Thank you, delegate. You have X seconds left. Would you like to yield your time?主席：谢谢X国代表，您还有__秒的发言时间。
请问是否愿意让渡你的发言时间？代表：让渡给主席。
The Chair: Thank you.(主席：谢谢)3.2让渡给其他代表The Chair: Thank you, delegate. You have X seconds left. Would you like to yield your time?主席:谢谢X国代表，您还有__秒的发言时间。
模联术语
模联专业术语解释（中文版）默认分类2010-04-11 19:43:49 阅读142 评论0 字号：大中小订阅弃权----在对一个实际问题进行投票时，代表们可以用弃权来代替赞成和反对。
这标志着一个国家对决议草案既不赞成也不反对。
休会----所有的联合国或模拟联合国会议均以休会结束。
这表示辩论将会被延迟到下一次会议。
这可以是一段很短的时间（一个晚上），但也可以是一段很长的时间（直到下一年的会议）。
议程----议程是委员会中要讨论的问题的次序。
通常在点名之后的第一件事就是设定议程。
修正案----修正案是对决议草案的修正。
它分为两种类型：友好修正案----得到全部起草国通过并自动通过的修正案。
非友好修正案----没有得到全部起草国同意并需要大会投票的修正案。
背景资料----一个由大会组织者书写并在会前发放给代表的对于讨论议题的概况，是对大会进行研究的起始点。
集团----一些在同一地域内或对某一特殊问题持相同看法的国家的组合。
核心磋商----国家可在其中更自由充分的讨论问题的正式辩论中的间断。
有两种类型，有主持核心磋商和无主持核心磋商。
主席团----一些通常由高中生或大学生组成的掌管委员会的人。
通常包括一个主席一个会议指导和一个主席助理。
代表----一个充当国家代表或观察者的学生。
会议指导----主席团中的一员，负责视察工作文件或决议草案建立并充当关于话题的专家，保证代表们准确的表达他们国家的观点政策。
决议草案----一份用于解决问题的由委员会起草的文件。
如果通过委员会投票，就将成为决议案。
辩论流程----在模拟联合国会议中事件进行的次序。
正式辩论----在模拟联合国大会上辩论的标准形式。
通常代表根据发言名单上的次序进行有时间限制的发言。
首席代表----一个模拟联合国团队的学生领导。
成员国----被联合国宪章批准并且加入联合国的申请被常规理事会和安全理事会批准的。
当前有191个成员国。
唯一被公认为独立国家并不是联合国成员国的就是罗马主教。
模拟联合国专业用语
模拟联合国重要词汇（部分含中英对照）代表，delegate ;代表团，delegation ;委员会，committee ;演讲，public speaking ;辩论，debate ;协商，negotiation ;合作，collaboration ;正式辩论，formal debate ;非正式辩论，informal debate ;简单多数，simple majority三分之二多数，Two-thirds majority主席团，Members of the Dais ;主席，Chair ;会议指导，Director ；主席助理，Rapporteur ；发言人名单，Speakers' list流程规则，Rules of procedure点名，Roll call确定议题，Setting the agenda让渡YieldYield time to another delegate / comments / questions / the Chair动议，Motion ;Motion to set speaking time(更改发言时间) /suspend the meeting(暂时中断正式辩论) /close debate （结束辩论）问题，Point ；Point of order（组织性问题）/inquiry（咨询性问题）/Personal privilege（个人特权）有主持核心磋商，Moderated Caucus自由磋商，Unmoderated Caucus立场文件，Position paper ;工作文件，working paper决议草案，Resolution ；修正案，Amendment ；友好修正案，friendly amendment ;非友好修正案，unfriendly amendment游说，lobby ; 国家牌Placard;起草国，Sponsors; 复议国，Signature到场，Present ; 缺席，Absent弃权，Abstain；赞成，Yes ; 反对，No序言性条款开头动词的一些积极词汇Affirming Alarmed by ApprovingAware of Bearing in mind BelievingConfident Contemplating ConvincedDeclaring Deeply concerned Deeply conscious Deeply convinced Deeply regretting DesiringReferring Seeking Taking into account Emphasizing Expecting Fulfilling Expressing its satisfaction Fully alarmedFully aware Fully believing Further recalling Guided by Having adopted Having considered Having considered further Having devoted attention Taking into consideration Taking noteViewing with appreciation Having examined Having heard Having received Having studied Keeping in mind Noting with deep concernNoting with regret Noting with satisfactionNoting further Noting with approval Observing Realizing Recalling Recognizing Welcoming行动性条款开头动词的一些积极词汇Accepts Emphasizes ReaffirmsAffirms Encourages Recommends Approves Endorses RegretsAuthorizes Expresses its appreciation RemindsCalls Express its hope RequestsCalls upon Further invites Solemnly affirms Condemns Further reminds Supports Congratulates Further requests Takes note of Considers Further resolves Transmits Declares accordingly Further recommends TrustsDeplores Has resolved Urges Designates Draws the attention Notes Proclaims。
模联常用词汇
模联文件书写常用动词：from:1.肯定与同意：Accept, Approve, Agree, Affirm, Reaffirm, ConfirmReaffirm: to state sth. again in order to emphasize that it is still true. 重申；再次确定例句：The President reaffirmed his commitment to democratic elections. 总统重申了他对民主选举的承诺。
2.支持与赞赏：Welcome, Support, Congratulate, Endorse, Express its appreciationEndorse: to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action. （公开）赞同，支持，认可例句：I wholeheartedly endorse his remarks. 我真诚地赞同他的话。
3.关注与强调：Emphasize, Note, Express its concern, Stress the importance, Draw the attention, Take no te of4.遗憾与谴责：Regret, Condemn, DeploreCondemn: to express very strong disapproval of sb./ sth., usually for moral reasons. （通常因道义上的原因而）谴责，指责例句：The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表生命谴责这些凶杀事件。
Deplore: to strongly disapprove of sth. and criticize it, especially publicly. 公开谴责；强烈反对：例句：I deplore and condemn this killing. 我强烈谴责这桩凶杀案。
模联英文常用词汇
1. Amendment 修正案2. Badge胸卡3 Deprive the right to rote 取消表决权4. Chair主席5. Close the debate 结束辩论6. Director会议指导7. Delegate 代表8. Deputy 副代表9. Head Delegate 代表团团长，领队10. Faculty Advisor代表团指导11. Delegation Bloc代表团12. Distribution 分发13. Document officer 文件分发人员14. Drafting committee 起草委员会15. Draft Resolution 决议草案16. Draw lots 抽签17. Elect by an absolute (a simple) majority 以绝对（简单）多数选出18. Emergency meeting 紧急会议19. Enjoy privileges 享受特权20. Entry into force 开始生效21. Executive secretary 执行秘书22. Exercise the right of vote 行使表决权23. Expert 专家24. Explain one’s rote 对所投的票加以说明25. Extend the term of office 延长任期26. Extraordinary session 特别会议27. Fill a vacancy 补缺28. Final report 最后报告29. First ballot 第一次投票表决30. First priority 最优先项目31. Fix the timetable of the settings 安排各次会议的时间表32. Foot-note 脚注33. Gallery 旁听席34. General committee 总务委员会35. General debate 一般性辩论36. Geographical distribution 按地域分配37. Give a ruling 作出裁定38. Give a warning 警告39. Give up one’s turn to speak in favour of 把自己的发言机会让给40. Give up the office to chairman 放弃主席的职务41. Go back upon a vote 重新表决42. Governing body 执行机构43. Hand over the Chair to theVice-chairman 让副主席担任主席44. Have priority 有优先权45. Have the initiative 有倡议权46. Head of delegation 代表团团长47. Heading 标题48. Honorary president 名誉主席（会长）49. Host country 东道国50. I am authorized by my government 我受本国政府授权51. I ask for the floor 我请求发言52. I give the floor to 我请…（发言）53. I speak in my capacity of 我以…身份发言54. Immunities 豁免55. Implement the provisions of a Convention 实施公约的规定56. Impose a vote 行使否决权57. In a private capacity 以私人身份58. In an official capacity 以官方身份59. In an unofficial capacity 以非官方身份60. In the hands of chairman 听从主席决定61. Include in the agenda 列入议程62. Information desk 问讯处（台）63. Infringement 违反行为64. Initiate a discussion 进行讨论65. Instructions 指示、命令66. International instrument 国际文件（特指国际公约等）67. Interrupt a vote 中断表决68. Intervene in a debate 参加辩论69. Invite speakers to be brief 请发言人简明扼要些70. Invoke the chairman’s authority 请使用主席的权利71. Leave it to the decision of the majority 由多数决定72. Item on the agenda 议程项目73. Leave the matter to the chairman’s decision 把事情交由主席决定74. Legal adviser 法律顾问75. List of delegates 代表名单76. List of speakers 发言人名单77. Lobby 大厅、休息厅78. Maintain one’s candidature 保持候选资格79. Maintain order 维持秩序80. Make a personal statement 以个人名义发表声明81. Memorandum 备忘录82. Merge together several amendments 把几个修正案合并起来83. Microphone 麦克风84. Minutes 会议记录85. Motion to Change the Speaking Time 动议更改发言时间86. Motion for a Moderated Caucus 动议有主持核心商榷87. Motion for an Un-moderated Caucus 动议自由商榷88. Motion to Close Debate 动议结束辩论89. Move that a separate vote be taken 提议分开表决90. Move the closure of debate 动议结束辩论91. Negative vote 反对票92. Note 照会93. Note a statement 将一个声明载入记录94. Note a violation of the rules 指出对规则的破坏95. Object in principle 在原则上反对96. Observer 观察员97. Occupy the chair 担任主席98. Office 职务99. Official languages 正式语言100. Official meeting 正式会议101. Open a debate on procedure 开始程序问题的辩论102. Open the Spea kers’ List 产生发言名单103. Oppose a proposal 反对一个建议104. Original text 原文105. Overrule 驳回106. Page 意向条107. Participants 参加者108. Party to a convention 公约缔约国109. Pass a vote of censure 通过指责决议110. Permanent delegate 常人代表，常驻代表111. Placard 国家牌112. Place a statement on record 将一个声明载入纪录113. Place at the end of the agenda 列在议程末尾114. Platform 主席台115. Plenary assembly116. Plenipotentiary 全权代表117. Point of Inquiry 咨询性问题118. Point of Order 程序性问题119. Point of Personal Privilege 个人特权问题120. Position Paper 立场文件121. Postpone a vote 延期表决122. Postpone the discussion 推迟讨论123. Postpone to the next session(sitting) 延到下一届（次）会124. Preamble 序言125. Preparatory committee 筹备委员会126. Preparatory meeting 预备会议127. President (submit) an amendment in writing 提出书面修正案128. Press gallery 新闻记者席129. Press releases 新闻稿130. Press-officer 新闻官131. Private meeting 秘密会议132. Proceed to the discussion of the articles 开始讨论条款133. Proceed to a second reading 进行二读134. Proceed to a vote 进行表决135. Programme of meetings 会议日程表136. Programme of work 工作日程137. Progress report 工作进展情况报告138. Protocol 议定书139. Provisional agenda 临时议程140. Public gallery 公众旁听席141. Public meeting 公开会议142. Put a question to the vote 把问题付诸表决143. Put a written question 提出书面问题144. Put one’s name on the list of speakers 登记发言145. Questionnaire 调查表，问题单146. Raise a point of order 提出程序问题147. Raise an objection of principle 提出原则性的反对意见148. Rappotuer 主席助理，报告员149. Ratify a Convention 批准公约150. Recall the terms of the rules 忆及规则的条款151. Recommendation 建议152. Record in the minutes 列入会议记录153. Refer to existing traditions 参照现存惯例154. Refer to the text 参照原文155. Refuse an appointment 不接受责任、职务156. Refuse an office 不接受职务157. Refuse to take the initiative 拒绝带头158. Regional conference 规则（条例，规章）159. Remit to the appropriate committee 送交主管的委员会160. Renewal of term of office 连任161. Renounce the office of chairman 辞去主席的职务162. Report 报告163. Representation 代表权164. Representative 代表165. Request a legal opinion 征询法律意见166. Request the speaker to keep the point under discussion 请发言人不要离开主题167. Reservations 保留168. Reserve one’s right to answer at a later stage 保留以后再答复的权利169. Resolution 决议170. Resolution committee 决议委员会171. Restrict the time accorded to speakers 限制发言时间172. Resume a debate 继续辩论173. Resume a sitting 继续开会174. Resume the chairmanship 继续担任主席175. Right of vote 表决权176. Role Call 点名177. Rostrum 讲台178. Round table meeting 圆桌会议179. Rules 规则，法规180. Rules of procedure 议事规则181. Seat 座位182. Secret ballot 无记名投票183. Secretariat 秘书处184. Secretary General 秘书长185. Serve in (a Board) 在（理事会）中担任理事186. Set up a committee 设立一个委员会187. Signatory to a convention 公约签字国188. Signatory 附议国189. Sit on a committee 参加委员会为委员190. Setting the Agenda 确定议题191. Speak from one’s place 在坐席上发言192. Sponsor 起草国193. Stand adjourned 休会194. Stand for election 担任候选人195. Standing body 常设机构196. Statement 声明，发言197. Status 地位198. Statutes 章程199. Steering committee 指导委员会200. Sub-committee 小组委员会201. Sub-heading 小标题，副标题202. Submit a draft resolution 提出决议草案203. Submit to the rules governing… 服从有关……的规则204. Subsidiary body 附属机构205. Substantive motion 实质行动议206. Substitute resolution 替代的决议207. Summary record 简要记录（纪要）208. Support a candidature 支持（某人）的候选资格209. Support a nomination 支持某个提名210. Suspend the rules 放弃对规则的适用211. Suspend the sitting 停止会议212. Take a decision upon a motion 对动议作出决定213. Take a stand for (against) a proposal 赞成（反对）214. Take into consideration 考虑到215. Take part in a poll 参加选举216. Take the floor 发言217. Take up the discussion 开始讨论218. Technical adviser 技术顾问219. Term of office 任期220. The list of speakers in closed 发言登记已截止221. The majority is obtained 获得多数222. The majority of members present and voting 出席并投票的成员多数223. The meeting is called to order 宣布会议开始224. The motion is adopted 动议获得通过225. The motion is rejected 动议被否决226. The requisite majority 必要的多数227. The result is final 结果是最后的228. To address the meeting 发言229. To be in office 在职230. To be in session 开会231. Treasurer 司库232. Treaty 条约233. Tri-partite 三方面234. Typewriting service pool 打字组235. Unanimous vote 一致同意236. Unofficial meeting 非正式会议237. Valid ballot papers 有效票238. Verbatim record 逐字记录239. Verbatim reporters 速记人员240. Veto 否决241. Vice-Chairman 副主席242. Vice-Chairmanship 副主席243. Vice-Presidency 副会长244. Vice-President 副会长245. Vote 投票表决246. Vote by roll call 唱名表决247. Vote by show of hands 举手表决248. Vote indicator 表决指示牌249. Vote of thanks 大会申谢250. Vote on the motion as a whole 表决整个动议251. Vote without debate 不经辩论的表决252. Votes cast 已投的票数253. Waive the rules 放弃对规则的适用254. We have a quorum 我们已足法定人数255. Withdraw a proposal 撤回提案256. Withdraw one’s candidature 撤销候选人资格257. Working languages 工作人员258. Working paper 工作文件259. Yield Time to Another Delegate让渡给他国代表261. Yield Time to Chair让渡给主席abstain弃权agenda日程amendment修正案background guide背景资料bloc国家集团caucus磋商moderated caucus有主持核心磋商unmoderated caucus非正式磋商crisis危机directive指令draft resolution决议草案draft directive指示草案formal debate正式辩论motion动议observer观察员operative clause行动性条款page 意向条placard 国家牌point 问题position paper立场文件preambulatory clause序言性条款rapportrur记录员roll call点名second 赞成signatory 附议国sponsor 起草国simple majority简单多数（1/2 (1)speakers' list 发言名单working paper工作文件vote表决Eg:Yield time 让渡时间...to another delegate/questions/comments/chairMotion动议motion to change the speaking timemotion for a un-moderated caucusmotion to close debate/suspend the meetingPoint问题point of inquiry咨询性问题poingt of order程序性personal privilege个人特权发言---My fellow delegates,we are gathered here today to discussLet me reiterate重申the reasons why we...Taking into account/Whith respect to/In observation of 考虑到our current finantial situationIn the interest ofFor the purpose ofIn hopes thatWe demand that ...apologize immediatelywe respectfully disagree with your opinion,and would like to propose our ownwe concur(agreee)withAllow us to remind the committeewe recommmendMight is right（建议使用武力）we highly/strongly/vigorously反击---Think ofYour logic is flawed（有缺陷的）I want you to rememberHave not...and will never(We have not surrendered,and will never surrender停止抵抗)That argument is quite cliche（boring），we have heard it a thousand times,and each time it makes no sense。
模联专业术语
模联专业术语模联会场专业用语一网打尽模拟联合国——Model United Nations联合国大会——General Assembly主席团——Members of the Dais主席——The Chair会议指导——Director主席助理——Rapporteur点名——Roll Call国家牌——Placard到——Present确定议题——Setting the Agenda产生发言名单——Open the Speakers’List意向条——Page让渡时间——Yield Time让渡给他国代表——Yield Time to Another Delegate让渡给问题——Yield Time to Questions让渡给评论——Yield Time to comments让渡给主席——Yield Time to the chair问题和动议——Points and Motions动议更改发言时间——Motions to set speaking timeE.g. Delegate：I have a motion for setting the speaking time for 90 seconds，since the time is a little bit longer than needed…etc.动议暂时中止正式辩论——Motions to suspend the meetingE.g. Delegate：China wants to motion to discuss the problem of…for 15 minutes and each delegate has 30seconds’speaking time。
(or Motion for a 15 minutes unmoderated caucus…etc.)动议中止发言——Motions to close the speaking list动议结束辩论——Motions to close debate组织性问题——Point of order咨询性问题——Point of Inquiry个人特权问题——Point of Personal Privilege投票表决——V oting点名表决——Roll Call V ote赞成——yes反对——no弃权——abstain简单多数——Simple majority三分之二多数——Two-thirds majority正式辩论——Formal Debate非正式辩论——Informal Debate有主持核心磋商——Moderated Caucus自有磋商——Unmoderated Caucus立场文件——Position Paper工作文件——Working Papers决议草案——Draft Resolution起草国——Sponsors附议国——Signatories决议——Resolution行动性条款——Operative Clauses序言条款——Pre-ambulatory Clauses修正案——Amendments友好修正案——Friendly Amendments非友好修正案——Unfriendly Amendments 游说与商讨——Lobby and Negotiation。
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模拟联合国——Model United Nations
联合国大会——General Assembly
主席团——Members of the Dais
主席——The Chair
会议指导——Director
主席助理——Rapporteur
点名——Roll Call
国家牌——Placard
到——Present
确定议题——Setting the Agenda
产生发言名单——Open the Speakers’List
意向条——Page
让渡时间——Yield Time
让渡给他国代表——Yield Time to Another Delegate
让渡给问题——Yield Time to Questions
让渡给评论——Yield Time to comments
让渡给主席——Yield Time to the chair
问题和动议——Points and Motions
动议更改发言时间——Motions to set speaking time
E.g. Delegate：I have a motion for setting the speaking time for 90 seconds，since the time is a little bit longer than needed…etc.
动议暂时中止正式辩论——Motions to suspend the meeting
E.g. Delegate：China wants to motion to discuss the problem of…for 15 minutes and each delegate has 30seconds’speaking time。
(or Motion for a 15 minutes unmoderated caucus…etc.) 动议中止发言——Motions to close the speaking list
动议结束辩论——Motions to close debate
组织性问题——Point of order
咨询性问题——Point of Inquiry
个人特权问题——Point of Personal Privilege
投票表决——Voting
点名表决——Roll Call Vote
赞成——yes
反对——no
弃权——abstain
简单多数——Simple majority
三分之二多数——Two-thirds majority
正式辩论——Formal Debate
非正式辩论——Informal Debate
有主持核心磋商——Moderated Caucus
自有磋商——Unmoderated Caucus
立场文件——Position Paper
工作文件——Working Papers
决议草案——Draft Resolution
起草国——Sponsors
附议国——Signatories
决议——Resolution
行动性条款——Operative Clauses
序言条款——Pre-ambulatory Clauses
修正案——Amendments
友好修正案——Friendly Amendments
非友好修正案——Unfriendly Amendments 游说与商讨——Lobby and Negotiation。