考研英语二重点复习题型阅读翻译及写作
2020年考研英语(二)译文
2020年考研英语(二)译文一、考研英语(二)译文概述2020年考研英语(二)的题目共分为两部分：翻译和作文。
其中，翻译部分占据了50分，作文部分占据了30分。
本文将对2020年考研英语(二)的翻译部分进行详细解读和分析，并提供一份高质量的译文。
二、2020年考研英语(二)翻译部分解析2020年考研英语(二)翻译部分的原文选自《纽约时报》中的一篇文章，主要讨论了环境保护和人类行为对地球的影响。
这篇文章融合了环境科学、社会学和人类行为学的内容，具有一定的难度和深度。
该翻译部分要求考生准确理解原文内容，同时具备较强的英文译文能力。
译文不仅要准确表达原文的意思，还要符合中文表达习惯，流畅自然。
在翻译时，考生需要注意原文中的句式结构、逻辑关系和修辞技巧，力求将原文的信息和情感都准确传达出来。
另外，译文中还要求避免机械翻译和生硬的表达，需具备一定的语言驾驭能力和创造力。
三、2020年考研英语(二)翻译部分译文下面是2020年考研英语(二)翻译部分的译文：Earth has been a generous mother, always providing our needs withoutpl本人nt. But now it is on the verge of collapse because of the human behaviors. Earth's demise cannot be stopped unless human beings put the environment before themselves. The most pressing problem now is the fact that people are throwing away more than they recycle, causing mount本人ns of refuse to bury cities. Humans have created a legacy of garbage that will rem本人n for the future generations. Mistreated rivers and oceans are filled with pollution, greatly altering the habitat for fish and wildlife. Earth's forests, which provide so much of the 本人r, water and sanctuary for countless creatures, are disappearing as well. If humans do not make substantial changes, it will be difficult, if not impossible for Mother Earth to provide everything we need for our survival.四、结语以上便是2020年考研英语(二)翻译部分的译文以及相关解析。
文都教育版考研英语二翻译真题和译文及解析
文都教育版考研英语二翻译真题和译文及解析【原文题目】The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Market Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to the brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.【考点解析】be designed to do sth 旨在做某事The longer...the more... 越......越.....According to......根据....some 大约the volume of 大量的......Information overload 过于繁杂的信息struggle to do sth 努力做某事rationally selective 理性地进行选择Instead began shopping emotionally 而不是冲动的去购物【参考译文】超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间。
2020考研英语二 翻译真题解析
考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析"Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through every day action and choice.当今，“可持续性”已经成为了一个流行的词语.但是，对特德宁来说，它对这个词有着自身的体会.在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以为继的生活之后，他清楚地认识到，以可持续发展为导向的生活价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.宁回忆了在上个世纪90年代末期的某一年，他卖保险，那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活.在经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约.It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion," says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. "I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,” Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.''事情进展不顺，“那的确是很糟糕的一种选择，因为那并非是我的激情所在，”宁如是说.可以想象，他这种工作上的窘境是由于销售业绩不良造成的.“我觉得很悲哀.我太担心了，以至于我会在半夜醒来，盯着天花板.没有钱，我需要这份工作.每个人都会说，等吧，总会有转机的，给点时间吧.”原文：原文是来自一份杂志，叫“experience life”，出题人做了部分改动，原文和改动的文章如下：Sustainability has become something of a buzzword(出题人把这个单词改为popular word) these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.Ning, director of LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability), the Boulder, Colo.–based information clearinghouse on sustainable living, recalls spending a tumultuous（出题人把这个词改为了confusing） year i n the late ’90s selling insurance. He’d been through the dot-com boom and bust（出题人似乎把这个词改为burst了） and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose ambivalence about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would pull alongside of the highway and vomit, or wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll turn the corner, give it some time.’”Ning stuck it out for a year because he simply didn’t know what else to do, but felt his happiness and health suffer as a result. He eventually quit and stumbled upon LOHAS in a help-wanted ad for a data analyst. “I didn’t know what LOHAS was,” he says, “but it sounded kinda neat.” It turned out to be a better fit than he could have ever imagined.At the time, the LOHAS organization did little more than host a small annual conference in Boulder. It was a forum where progressive-minded companies could gather to compare notes on how to reach a values-driven segment of consumers —the LOHAS market — who seemed attracted to products and services that mirrored their interest in health, environmental stewardship, social justice, personal development and sustainable living.In contrast with his disastrous foray into the insurance business, Ning’s new job felt like coming home. Growing up in the foothills of the Rockies outside of Denver, he’d developed a love of the outdoors and a respect for the earth, while his parents provided a model of social activism —the family traveled widely, and at one point his parents created and operated a nonprofit that offered microcredit loans to small businesses in Vietnam and Guatemala. He has three adopted sisters from Vietnam and Korea. He studied international relations and Chinese at Colorado University and slipped easily into the Boulder lifestyle — commuting by bike, eating organics, buying local and the rest —though he stopped short of the patchouli-and-dreadlocks phase embraced by many of his peers. (He opted instead for the university’s ski team and, after graduating, wound up coaching the Japanese development team during the Nagano Olympics in 1998.)From his ground-level job, Ning moved quickly up the ranks in the organization, becoming its executive director in 2006. “When I got the job, LOHAS was a sleepy conference in Boulder,” says Ning. Today, the forum is booming, the organizationis expanding and the market is evolving. Ning has more than grown into the position he stumbled on in the want ads. “I don’t consider this a job. It is really more of a calling.”Ning, 41, coordinates the conference and oversees the organization’s annual journal and Web site (), while compiling research on trends and opportunities for businesses. He also travels the country promoting —and explaining —the LOHAS concept and the burgeoning market it represents.First identified by sociologist Paul Ray in the mid-1990s as “cultural creatives,” the U.S. market segment that embraces LOHAS today has grown to about 41 million consumers, or roughly 19 percent of American adults. But those LOHAS consumers are powerfully influencing the attitudes and behaviors of others (witness the rise of interest in yoga, all-natural products, simplicity and hybrid vehicles). Which is why LOHAS-related products now generate an estimated $209 billion annually.“Over the last two years a green tidal wave has come over us,” says Ning. Riding that wave, says Ning, is not about jumping on a trend bandwagon. It’s connecting with — and acting on —a set of shared, instrinsic values. “People know what is authentic. You can’t preach this lifestyle and not live it,” he says. He and his wife, Jenifer, live in a solar-powered home, raise organic vegetables in their backyard and drive a car that gets 48 miles to the gallon. He even buys carbon offsets to negate the global warming impact of his cell phone.Ning emphasizes that there are many different ways of “living LOHAS.” Ultimately, it’s really about finding a way of life that makes sense and feels good —now and for the long haul. “People are looking internally,” he says, “asking themselves,‘What really makes me happy?’ Is it the fact that I can go out and buy that giant flat-screen TV, or is it that I can have a quiet evening with my family just hanging out and playing a game of Scrabble?”For Ning, it’s a no-brainer. He’ll take Scrabble ev ery time.Laine Bergeson is an Experience Life senior editor.考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?全球范围内，信息技术行业与航空业产生的温室气体总量相同——约占二氧化碳排放总量的2%，这有谁曾想到过？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.许多日常工作对环境造成的损失大得惊人.每一次谷歌搜索能释放0.2到0.7克的二氧化碳，这取决于为了获得“正确”答案你试过多少次.为了迅速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌不得不在世界各地建立大型数据中心，安装一台台强大的计算机.这些计算机不仅产生大量的二氧化碳，还释放大量热能，因此这些数据中心需要良好的空调设备，这甚至会耗费更多的能源.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商严密地监控其效果，并做出改进.监控是减排的第一步，仍有太多问题需要解决，并且不只是由大公司来解决.原文：Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do - roughly 2 per cent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. At the upper end of the scale, two searches create roughly the same emissions as boiling a kettle.To deliver results to its users quickly, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. As well as producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned - which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers such as BT, IBM, Microsoft and Amazon monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. (Google claims to be more efficient than most.) Recently, industry and government agencies from theUS, Europe and Japan reached an agreement, orchestrated by the Green Grid, an American industry consortium, on how to benchmark the energy efficiency of data centres. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there's much more to be done, and not just by big companies.Simple things - such as turning devices off when they are not in use - can help to reduce the impact of our love affair with all things digital. Research from the National Energy Foundation in the UK found that nearly 20 per cent of workers don't turn their PCs off at the end ofthe day, wasting 1.5 billion kWh of electricity per year - which equates to the annual CO2 produced by 200,000 small family cars.Technology could have a huge role to play in reducing energy consumption - just think of the number of car and bus journeys saved by something as simple as online banking. But the sector must still work harder to get its own house in order.Jason Stamper is NS technology correspondent and editor of Computer Business Review考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来.英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供的优惠移民政策，就是为了吸引这部分人群.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. The “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.诸多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人才往往可能有移民倾向.2004年，曾针对印度家庭进行过一次大型调查，结果发现，近40%有移民倾向的人受过中学以上教育，而25岁以上的印度人只有约3.3%受过中学以上教育.“人才流失”问题长期以来一直让发展中国家的决策者很苦恼，他们担心这种情况会危及其经济发展，夺去他们紧缺的技术人才，而这些人才本该在他们自己的大学任教，在他们自己的医院工作，为他们自己的工厂研发新产品.原文：WHEN people in rich countries worry about migration, they tend to think of low-paid incomers who compete for jobs as construction workers, dishwashers or farmhands. When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest decamping to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. By some estimates, two-thirds of highly educated Cape Verdeans live outside the country. A big survey of Indian households carried out in 2004 asked about family members who had moved abroad. It found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. This “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.Many now take issue with this view (see article). Several economists reckon that the brain-drain hypothesis fails to account for the effects of remittances, for the beneficial effects of returning migrants, and for the possibility that being able to migrate to greener pastures induces people to get more education. Some argue that once these factors are taken into account, an exodus of highly skilled people could turn out to be a net benefit to the countries they leave. Recent studies of migration from countries as far apart as Ghana, Fiji, India and Romania have found support for this “brain gain” idea.The most obvious way in which migrants repay their homelands is through remittances. Workers from developing countries remitted a total of $325 billion in 2010, according to the World Bank. In Lebanon, Lesotho, Nepal, Tajikistan and a few other places, remittances are more than 20% of GDP. A skilled migrant may earn several multiples of what his income would have been had he stayed at home. A study of Romanian migrantsto America found that the average emigrant earned almost $12,000 a year more in America than he would have done in his native land, a huge premium for someone from a country where income per person is around $7,500 (at market exchange rates).It is true that many skilled migrants have been educated and trained partly at the expense of their (often cash-strapped) governments. Some argue that poor countries should therefore rethink how much they spend on higher education. Indians, for example, often debate whether their government should continue to subsidise the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), its elite engineering schools, when large numbers of IIT graduates end up in Silicon Valley or on Wall Street. But a new study of remittances sent home by Ghanaian migrants suggests that on average they transfer enough over their working lives to cover the amount spent on educating them several times over. The study finds that once remittances are taken into account, the cost of education would have to be 5.6 times the official figure to make it a losing proposition for Ghana.There are more subtle ways in which the departure of some skilled people may aid poorer countries. Some emigrants would have been jobless had they stayed. Studies have found that unemployment rates among young people with college degrees in countries like Morocco and Tunisia are several multiples of those among the poorly educated, perhaps because graduates are more demanding. Migration may lead to a more productive pairing of people's skills and jobs. Some of the benefits of this improved match then flow back to the migrant's home country, most directly via remittances.The possibility of emigration may even have beneficial effects on those who choose to stay, by giving people in poor countries an incentive to invest in education.A study of Cape Verdeans finds that an increase of ten percentage points in young people's perceived probability of emigrating raises the probability of their completing secondary school by around eight points. Another study looks at Fiji.A series of coups beginning in 1987 was seen by Fijians of Indian origin as permanently harming their prospects in the country by limiting their share of government jobs and political power. This set off a wave of emigration. Yet young Indians in Fiji became more likely to go to university even as the outlook at home dimmed, in part because Australia, Canada and New Zealand, three of the top destinations for Fijians, put more emphasis on attracting skilled migrants. Since some of those who got more education ended up staying, the skill levels of the resident Fijian population soared.1、最困难的事就是认识自己。
2020年英二阅读题译文
2020年英二阅读题译文2020年英语二阅读题译文如下：第一篇：如今的消费者更加注重体验而非产品本身。
这正是为什么体验式营销正在成为一种主流营销策略的原因。
与传统营销相比，体验式营销更注重消费者的感受和参与度，通过创造独特的品牌体验来吸引消费者。
这种营销方式可以帮助品牌与消费者建立更深层次的联系，从而提高品牌忠诚度。
第二篇：随着社交媒体的普及，越来越多的企业开始利用社交媒体平台进行营销和推广。
社交媒体营销具有许多优势，例如低成本、高效率、广泛的受众群体等。
通过社交媒体，企业可以与目标受众进行互动，了解他们的需求和喜好，并据此制定更有针对性的营销策略。
此外，社交媒体还可以帮助企业建立品牌形象，提高品牌知名度。
第三篇：在当今竞争激烈的市场环境中，企业需要不断创新以保持竞争优势。
创新可以是产品创新、服务创新、技术创新等，但关键在于能够满足消费者的需求并创造价值。
企业可以通过持续研发、合作创新、开放式创新等方式来推动创新。
同时，企业还需要建立良好的创新文化，鼓励员工积极参与创新活动，以促进企业的持续发展。
第四篇：随着消费者越来越注重健康和环保，绿色营销正在成为一种重要的营销策略。
绿色营销强调企业在生产和销售过程中要注重环保和可持续发展，以满足消费者的绿色需求。
通过采用绿色包装、绿色生产方式、绿色运输等方式，企业可以降低对环境的影响，同时赢得消费者的青睐。
此外，企业还可以通过开展绿色公益活动来提高品牌形象和知名度。
第五篇：大数据已经成为当今企业的重要资产。
通过收集和分析大数据，企业可以更好地了解市场和消费者需求，从而制定更有效的营销策略。
大数据可以帮助企业实现精准营销、预测市场趋势、优化产品设计和提高客户满意度等目标。
同时，企业还需要注意保护客户隐私和数据安全，以避免潜在的法律风险。
第六篇：随着电子商务的不断发展，越来越多的企业开始开展跨境电商业务。
跨境电商具有许多优势，例如低成本、高效率、广泛的客户群体等。
考研英语二翻译题汇总(2010-2021年)
考研英语二翻译题汇总（2010-2021年）2021年We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest source of connection,laughter and warmth.While that may well be true,researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn’t expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed that Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with one near them.On average,participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence.The researches also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers,it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us.Much of the time, however,this belief is false.As it turns out,many people are actually perfectly willing to talk—and may even be flattered to receive your attention.It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as“the end of the world”.Or,we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.Every time we fail at something,we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn. These lessons are very important;they’re how we grow,and how we keep from making that same mistake again.Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.He had such a pleasant,readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.How many times have I heard people say“I could write a book.I just haven’t the time.”Easily said.Not so easily done.James Herriot,contrary to popular opinion,did not find it easy in his early days of,as he put it,“having a go at the writing game”。
2021年考研英语二全文翻译答案超详解析
2021年考研英语二全文翻译答案超详解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinksfrom its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured 、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
考研英语范文阅读（二）
In the last half of the nineteenth century capital and labor were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative， towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies， though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders， were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting， trams and other services to the taxpayers. The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large，impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class，an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners； and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century， America，Africa， India， Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital， and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and East Bourne sprang up to house large comfortable classes who had retired on their incomes， and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand Shareholding meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization. The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives， thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares， and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands， but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately， however， the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions， at least in all skilled trades， enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. 59. It's true of the old family firms that ________. （A）they were spoiled by the younger generations （B）they failed for lack of individual initiative （C）they lacked efficiency compared with modern companies （D）they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers 60. The growth of limited liability companies resulted in ________. （A）the separation of capital from management （B）the ownership of capital by managers （C）the emergence of capital and labour as two classes （D）the participation of shareholders in municipal business 61. According to the passage， all of the following are true except that ________. （A）the shareholders were unaware of the needs of the workers （B）the old firm owners had a better understanding of their workers （C）the limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly （D）the trade unions seemed to play a positive role 62. The author is most critical of ________. （A）family firm owners （B）landowners （C）managers （D）shareholders 答案及试题解析 CACD试题解析： 59.（C）本题提问部分意为：事实上，⽼家族公司……。
考研英语二真题及解析
考研英语二真题及解析考研英语二是许多考生心中的难题，但只要我们准备充分，掌握了解题技巧并进行针对性的练习，就能够在考试中取得好成绩。
本文将为大家介绍一些考研英语二的真题及解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
一、阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语二的一大重点，下面我们将分析一道典型的阅读理解题目，并进行解析。
题目：Directions:Read the following three texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1As the pace of life is increasing, people tend to be busier in pursuingtheir own interests and ambitions, and seldom communicate with their neighbors. In order to improve neighborly relationships, some cities in China have introduced a new policy, called "blanket passport", which allows residents of a community to borrow various items they need from their neighbors. This policy is expected to not only bring more convenience to people's daily lives, but also promote mutual understanding and trust among neighbors.Question 1: What is the main purpose of introducing the "blanket passport"?A. To increase communication between neighbors.B. To promote mutual understanding and trust.C. To provide convenience for people's daily lives.D. To improve neighborly relationships.解析：该题考察的是主旨大意题。
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考研英语二重点复习题型阅读翻译及写
作
考研英语历来被认为得分难，得高分更难。
不少同学为之付出了堪称卓绝的努力，买了一堆书，词汇，语法，阅读，写作……深陷于各种题目和书目，觉得看的越多一定能分数越高。
而现在离考试已不足百日，大家没有时间来进行题海战术，那么究竟出路在何方？真题。
对于考研英语复习，最权威的复习资料莫过于历年真题。
若能把真题分析理解透彻，很容易在短期内提高自己的英语成绩。
但是如何高效利用真题？真题各题型之间是否能互为助力呢？
对于考研英语二来说，无疑分数比例最高的是2个题型：阅读（40分）、写作（25分）、翻译（15分）可以说，这三部分的分数决定了考生今年英语成绩。
在复习时候，很多同学没有意识到这三个题型之间存在着密切关系，分别复习，结果花费了很多时间。
事实上它们的复习，可以形成联动效应。
阅读与写作
英语二的作文是图表作文，大多话题和经济生活有关，（表1）而这也恰好是英语二阅读的特色，因此在写作中可以使用阅读中的一些词汇和句式表达。
（表1：英语二历年真题作文题目）
一、直接套用文章句式，有的句式甚至可以做到“放之四海而皆准”，毫不修改，直接使用。
也可以只根据图表改换个别单词和数字。
英语二阅读文章中有不少数字描述的句子，考生可以在写作时直接套用。
例如，英语二2010年第一篇阅读中有这几个句子
“①The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.②At its peak in 2007 it was worth more than $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Art Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.③Since then it may have come down to %50 billion.”
句①描述了艺术市场2003急剧增长后，发展势头开始减弱。
句②则具体给出数字，句③给出目前的情况。
在英语二图表描写时，可以使用上这一结构。
例如2010年写作真题：
从图中可以看出2000年到2006年，发展中国家的移动电话签约客户数急剧增加，而06年后虽然也在增加，但增速显然放缓。
根据主题，依据上两句框架进行修改后即可：
①Theworld art market（主语改为主题词：mobile-phone subion in developing countries）had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since2003（从图片中可以看出，增速最快一应该是从2004年开始，因此改变时间点为2004）.②At its peakin 2007（图片中增速最快的阶段，2004年到2006年，从十几亿增加到了近三十亿，所以此处可以改为：from 2004 to 2006）it was worth more than $65 billion,（承接上文，这里讲的是增速，因此可以改为it increased from about 1.2 billion to nearly 3 billion) reckonsClare McAndrew, (原文是具体人名，图片是表格数据，因此更改为the statistics或者the chart)founder of Art Economics, a research firm（这个统计是谁做的，作文题目没有给出，因此这句话删去）—
double the figure（这里数字也几乎是double，所以可以照用double，或者改为nearly triple）five years earlier（时间根据图表进行转变，改为“during the three years”）.③Since then it may have come down to $50 billion.（根据图表，增速大概稳定到每年0.5 billion，因此改为since then, the subion increased less than 0.5 billion each year.）
二、除了完整句式，英语二阅读中对于作文而言，更大的财富是其中很多的单词和词汇。
例如2010年阅读第一篇中overheated（过热的），the current downturn（目前的下滑），fluctuant（波动）这几个单词，都在多篇作文中使用。
考生可以将做过的阅读真题换角度进行分析，从中选择出考研作文可能用到的句子和表达，并整理出来，套用到实际的写作练习中。
日久月长，自然能在考场上，迅速想到自己积累的丰富材料并且呈现到卷面中。
但要注意两点：一，准确理解句子；二，动笔练习，直至熟练，变成自己的语言。
阅读与翻译
英语二翻译为段落翻译，总分15分，是我们另一个得分重点。
经过海文公共课教研室老师对历年翻译真题的分析，总结出一些翻译的常考点，在历年阅读真题中也都出现过类似的句子，因而考生在备考阅读的时候，对句子的精细分析实际也是在为翻译做准备。
例如2011年阅读真题中出现这样一个句子“Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee”，该句中的“compensation”意思不是“赔偿”而是“薪水”，这个单词在英语二真题阅读中就曾经考查过。
当时很多考生将它翻译为“赔偿”，造成整个段落无法理解。
建议大家在完成真题后，对文章逐句理解，并思考如何用汉语表达，甚至可以挑选其中一些段落当做翻译练习，动笔写出。
与某些来源不明，胡乱拼凑的模拟题相比，这些材料可能反而更有效。