考研英语写作主题词整理

考研英语写作主题词整理

1.人生哲理类

2.社会热点类

3.文化教育类

4.人与自然

5.热点主题词

注意：

英语一：注重人生哲理、文化品质等抽象类主题词，比如合作、积极、尊老爱幼等英

语二：注重经济或商业现象等具体类主题词，比如汽车尾气、网购、毕业薪酬等

一、人生哲理

1、合作

cooperation/collaboration/teamwork 团队协作

cooperate with others/be in cooperation with others/be in collaboration with others/work together 与他人合作

team spirit/group spirit/community spirit 团队精神

active/effective/mutual/close cooperation 有效合作

sense of teamwork 团队意识

ask for/call for/demand/seek cooperation 寻求合作

take an active part in cooperation/cooperate actively 积极合作

end cooperation 中止合作

make concerted/joint efforts/pool one’s efforts together齐心协力

solidarity and friendship 团结友爱

essentially/mutually complementary 互补

win-win/all win/win for all 共赢

2、乐观、悲观

optimism/optimistic/optimist/optimistic mind/optimistic attitude 乐观

pessimism/pessimistic/pessimist 悲观

show/display/demonstrate optimism 展现乐观

adopt/possess a(n) optimistic (positive) attitude (view, outlook) towards life (the problems confronting us) 对生活采取积极态度

blind optimism 盲目乐观

excessively/overly/wildly optimistic 过于乐观

3、信心

boost/enhance/improve/increase/lift/raise confidence 增加信心

gain/acquire confidence 获得自信

rebuild/restore/regain/revive confidence 重获信心

damage/weaken/undermine confidence 减少信心

the lack of confidence/lack confidence 缺乏自信

exaggerate/overestimate/overrate difficulties 夸大困难

underestimate one’s abilities 低估某人的能力

4、进取精神/坚持：

an enterprising spirit 进取精神

non-stop efforts 不停的努力

open up new ways forward 开拓前进

make progress constantly 不断进步

move forward constantly 不断前进

make constant efforts 持续努力never

stop making progress 不停进步never

give up 永不言弃

keep making progress 保持进步

keep on striving 保持奋斗

5、尚未考到的：

diligence/hard work 勤奋工作Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance.

the spirit of self-improvement 自强不息

pursuit of one’s dream/ambition/aspiration/a great aim (goal)追寻梦想

innovation/creative thinking/the spirit of exploration 创新思维

a down-to-earth working style 踏实、实干

friendship/love/mutual affection among different people/individuals 人们的友谊

showing consideration for people around 善待身边的人

indifference to other people 对别人漠不关心

self-depreciation 自卑

modesty 谦虚/avoid conceit and impetuosity 戒骄戒躁

the mutual understanding between people (parents and their children)人们之间相互理解

keep pace with the times/advance with times 与时俱进

rise to the occasion 迎难而上

二、社会热点

1、社会公德

public morality 社会公德

awaken/wake up moral consciousness 道德意识

advocate traditional virtue/traditional moral values 弘扬传统美德(distinguished/fine traditions) duty/responsibility/obligation 责任

sense of responsibility 责任感

shoulder/assume/undertake one’s duty/responsibility 承担责任

fulfill/discharge/perform one’s duty/responsibility 履行责任

avoid/evade/shirk/shun one’s duty/responsibility 逃避责任

devote/dedicate, devotion/dedication 奉献

selfish devotion 无私奉献

the crisis of trust 信任危机

decline in moral standards 道德标准下降

the corruption of public morality 公德堕落

the lack of moral sense 道德缺失

put more attention on self-interest 更多关注个人利益

talk less about the spirit of sacrifice, contribution, mutual aid 对互助奉献精神谈论过少

selfish soul 自私的灵魂

immoral behaviors/conduct 不道德的行为

spit everywhere 随地吐痰

make noise, talk loudly 大声喧哗

to respect the old and care for the young 尊老爱幼

Project Hope 希望工程

China Red Cross Foundation 中国红十字会

charities 慈善机构

donate/donation 捐赠

poor rural areas/poverty-stricken areas/impoverished areas 贫穷地区

start schooling 入学

drop out of school 辍学

attend school>go to school 上学

finish school/finish one’s studies 完成学业

2、职业道德

lack of occupational self-discipline 缺少职业自律

empty promise in the market promotion 空洞的承诺

false promise in the market promotion 虚假承诺

honesty 诚信

sales of counterfeit/fake goods/commodities to consumers 造假售假(反义genuine commodity 保真商品)

dishonest/fraudulent behaviors 欺诈行为(put on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public. 披上文明的外衣欺骗公众)

misleading/distorted information 误导性信息

reliable/dependable/trustworthy information 可靠信息

academic corruption 学术腐败

plagiarism 剽窃

food safety 食品安全

construction quality 工程质量

drainage oil 地沟油

poisonous milk powder 毒奶粉

unaffordable prices of medicines 药价虚高

illegal adds 非法广告

unfair competitions 不公平竞争

administration departments 管理部门

supervision departments 监管部门

authorities/departments concerned 有关当局、部门

merchant 商人、商家

manufacturer 厂家

enterprise operator 企业经营者

disregard laws 漠视法律

shift the blame onto sb 推卸责任

disregard of laws and lack of any sense of social responsibility 忽视法律，缺乏社会责任感infringement on consumers’ rights and interests 侵犯消费者权力和利益

overwhelming desire for profits 强烈的对利益的渴望

profits weigh much more than public benefits/public good 利润高于公众利益

be in the vulnerable position（一般指消费者处于弱势的地位）

perform/fulfill one’s duty fairly and effectively 公正有效地履行职责

3、两代关系

1)赡养父母

the old/the elderly/elderly people/the senior/senior citizens/the aged/aged people 长辈

aging society 老龄化社会aging

of population 人口老龄化filial

piety 孝道

fulfill filial duty/show filial piety to parents/practice filial piety 尽孝

support (take care of, sustain) aged parents (the old and infirm parents/the old/the aged/the elderly/the senior/senior citizens) 赡养老年人

show solicitude for parents 关心父母

mistreat/ill-treat/maltreat parents 虐待父母

neglect sb/show no care (concern) for sb/lack concern for sb/treat sb thoughtlessly 不关心某人

take (shoulder, assume) the responsibility for sth 对…承担责任

shirk (avoid, shift, abdicate) the responsibility for sth 对…逃避责任

duty/obligation of the young 年轻人的义务

traditional virtue of our nation 我们国家的传统美德

the wellbeing of the seniors/the heath and happiness of seniors长辈的幸福安乐

make painstaking efforts/expend all one’s energies费劲心血

one’s later years/one’s remaining years 晚年

Charity begins at home. 百善孝为先

2)溺爱孩子

raise/breed/foster/nurture/bring up 抚养

spoil children/dote on children 溺爱孩子

doting care/parental overprotection 溺爱

A child under the complete protection of parents/parental overprotection/be over loved (over protected) by parents/excessive love from their parents/over-dependence on parents/be carefully protected from hardship 父母的过度保护

fragile young people 脆弱的年轻人

children born in the 1980s, majority of them being the only child in their family (family-planning

policy) 80 年代出生的孩子，绝大多数都是独生子女（计划生育）

encourage him or her to think and act independently 鼓励某人独立思考

help children towards independence/self-reliance 帮助孩子独立

suffer hardships/stand sufferings/bear tribulation 经历困难

create optimum conditions for children’s growth 为孩子成长创造最佳条件

the pillar of the state 国之栋梁

3)代沟：

generation gap 代沟

widen/expand generation gap (widen/expand the gap between the child and parents) 扩大代沟

narrow/bridge generation gap (narrow/bridge the gap between the child and parents) 缩小代沟

exchange ideas 交流看法

mutual understating/make allowance for each other 相互理解、相互体谅

misunderstanding 误解

reinforce family bonds/ties 增强家庭纽带

get estranged from one’s family members 和家庭成员疏远

4)啃老族

boomerang kids/children (the NEET group) 啃老族NEET 的全称是（Not currently engaged in Employment, Education or Training）

reap without sowing 不劳而获

4、诚信危机

the crisis of trust 诚信危机

A host of dishonest behaviors 许多不诚信的行为

manufacture or sell fake and inferior goods at the cost of consumer’s interest 以消费者利益为代价造假

bogus/fake/pirate products 假货

bogus/fake certificates 假证

peddle the sensational stories 散播耸人听闻的故事

twist/distort the news 扭曲新闻return

to sincerity and faith 返璞归真keep

promise 信守承诺

tell right from wrong 辨别是非

5、爱心

warm-hearted people 热心人

offer assistance/provide help 提供帮助

stretch out a helping hand to people in need 为需要帮助的人伸出援助之手help-givers 提供帮助的人

receive aid 接受帮助

assistance recipients 受助者

6、健康

physical health (fitness, well-being) 身体健康

mental/psychological health (fitness, well-being) 心理健康

improve/enhance physical/psychological health 提高身体健康状况

hurt/damage physical/psychological health 损害身体/ 心理健康

be in good/poor health 身体健康/ 不健康

state of health 健康状况

fitness levels 健康水平

a health problem 健康问题

sub-health 亚健康

state of mind 心态

physical exercise 体育锻炼

well-balanced diet 均衡饮食

junk food 垃圾食品

go on a diet 节食、减肥

sacrifice health 牺牲健康

damage/endanger one’s health 损害健康

improve one’s health 改善健康

disease/illness 慢性病

provide medical services 提供医疗服务

public health 公共卫生

7、交通

traffic jam/congestion, heavy traffic 交通堵塞

morning and evening peak 早晚高峰

rush hour 交通高峰期

bus lane 公交专用车道

odd-and-even license plate rule 单双号限行

traffic restrictions based on the last digit of license plate numbers 尾号限行traffic control 交通管制

car-free day 无车日

private cars 私家车

develop public transport 发展公共交通

green commuting 绿色出行

green commuter 绿色通勤

Let's green our commute 让我们绿色出行

drunk driving 醉驾

drive after drinking /drive under the influence of alcohol 酒驾

drive when tired 疲劳驾驶

traffic accidents 交通事故

8、经济

economic crisis/financial crisis 经济、金融危机

the fallout of economic crisis/financial crisis 经济、金融危机的影响

fierce/intense/furious/cut-throat competition 激烈竞争

spur/stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展

hinder/impede economic development 阻碍经济发展

job market 就业市场

look for/hunt for/seek a job 找工作

job seeker 找工作的人

a tough jo

b market 严峻的就业形势

unrealistic salary expectations/pursue a high-paid job 不切实际的工资预期/ 追求高薪职业

in the pursuit of short-term returns 追求短期回报

lack the qualities and skills required for the jobs they seek 缺乏他们想找的工作要求的资质

without/lack of practical experience/hands-on experience/practical abilities/vocational skills/career skills 缺乏实际工作经验

generate/create/afford job opportunities/employment opportunities 创造就业机会

career guidance 就业指导

start one’s own business 创业

allocate money to… 分配钱给…

reduce the funding for…减少对……的投资

lift/elevate people’s standard of living 提升生活标准

lower citizens’ standard of living 降低市民生活标准

eliminate poverty 消除贫困

expand the gap between the wealthy and the needy 扩大贫富差距

slow down the pace of life 放慢生活节奏

speed up/accelerate/quicken the pace of life 加快生活节奏

increase/expand domestic demand 增加国内需求

stimulate/spur/reduce consumption 刺激消费

practice economy 实行节约

三、文化和教育类

1、文化交流、融合

Cultural exchanges/interaction/interchange 文化交流(frequent/constant/common cultural exchanges between different countries)不同国家间的持续文化交流

The cultural blending/the cultural integration/the cultural fusion 文化融合

The integration/blending/combination/fusion/collision of worldwide (global) cultures 全球文化融合

fusion of East and West/integration of Chinese and Western cultures 东西方文化融合

traditional Chinese culture/national culture 中国传统文化(Each national culture is a component of international culture) 每个国家的文化都是国际文化的组成部分

alien/foreign culture 外国文化

cultural identity 文化特性

cultural diversity 文化多样性

multiculturalism 多元文化

the co-existence of multi-cultures 多元文化共存

2、中国传统文化

traditional Chinese culture as priceless spiritual treasure 中国传统文化是无价的精神财富

a long and colorful/splendid Chinese culture 绚烂的中国文化

splendid and glorious cultural heritage/legacy/relics 辉煌灿烂的文化遗产oriental

glamour(charm)/the glamour (charm) of our culture 东方文化的魅力

invaluable/priceless spiritual treasure/wealth of all human beings 无价的精神财富

Chinese cultural symbols 中国文化的符号

the unique characteristics/feature of each culture 每种文化的独特性(possess unique characteristics/feature)

the inheritance and development of culture from one generation to another 一代又一代人对文化的传承和发展

show respect for/show honor to our own culture 对我们自身文化表示尊重

advocate/carry forward traditional culture 提倡传统文化

gain deeper insight into/have a deeper understanding of/get a clear perspective of our own culture 对自身文化有更深的理解

preserve and cherish traditions 保护并珍惜传统

ignore/disregard traditions 忽视传统

undermine traditions 破坏传统

strengthen the cultural identity of a nation rather than erode the cultural identity of a nation 增强而不是腐蚀一个国家的文化同一性

Interpretation of classics can promote cultural development positively. 解读经典可以积极促进文化发展

Soft power 软实力

Kung Fu 功夫

Peking/Beijing opera 京剧(outdated)

Tang Suit 唐装

traditional Chinese medicine (not scientific) 中药

folk art 民间艺术

paper-cut 剪纸

traditional Chinese philosophy 中国传统哲学

Buddhism 佛

Confucianism 儒/Confucius 孔子/Confucius Institute 孔子学院

Humanity/Benevolence 仁

Taoism 道

Rite 礼

Butterfly Lovers 梁祝

classical ballet—the Swan Lake 天鹅湖

Enlightenment from the west 启蒙

Chinese craze 中国热

upsurge of Chinese craze 中国文化热潮

3、流行文化

网络

The Internet/the virtual net/the virtual world/the virtual net world /the cyber space 网络世界Information superhighway 信息高速路

With the advent/dawn of the Internet (era/age) 互联网时代的到来

the widespread/extensive use of the Internet 互联网的广泛应用

a global village 地球村

loyal/hardcore/frequent Internet users (netizens) 忠实的网络用户

web/net/online addiction (net indulgence) 沉迷网络

click the mouse 点击鼠标

press keys on the keyboard 按键盘

download something from the Internet 从网上下载…

buy something on the Internet 在网上购物

online shopping/banking 网上购物/ 银行

chat/shop/book online 线上聊天/ 购物/ 阅读

make friends online 网上交友

chat online 网上聊天

online gossip 网络的流言蜚语

online games 线上游戏

online job application 线上工作申请

group/integrate buying/purchase 团购

偶像

idol worship/star worship/star chasing/idolatry 偶像崇拜superstar followers/crazy fans of the stars 追星族affect one’s studies/schoolwork 影响某人的学业

run wild/become so hard to control 变得不听管教

drop out/leave off one’s studies 辍学

grow up in good health 健康成长

4、教育

schooling 学校教育

life-long education 终身教育

compulsory education 义务教育

exam/test-oriented (driven) education 应试教育

education for all-round development 素质教育

well-rounded development of a child 全面发展

balanced development of a child 均衡发展

promote the student’s physical, mental(intellectual) and emotional development 促进学生的身体，脑力（智力）和情感发展

force-feeding method of teaching 填鸭式教学

force-feed the students 填鸭式教学

learn sth by rote 死记硬背

learn sth through understanding 理解式学习

impart knowledge 传授知识

acquire (gain) knowledge/skills 获取知识/技能

instill high moral values 灌输崇高的价值观

academic/theoretical knowledge 学术知识

practical skills 实践技能

equip oneself with academic knowledge and practical skills 为某人自己装备学术知识和实践技

能

integrate theory with practice 集理论和实践于一体

disconnect theory from practice 使理论从实践中脱离

shape/mould one’s character 塑造某人的性格

extra-curricular activities 课外活动

the spirit of exploration探索精神

cultivate (nurture, foster) creative/original thinking培养创造性思维

think independently and critically 独立且具有批判性的思考

stifle/constrain/extinguish creativity 扼杀创造力

follow sth blindly/indiscriminately 盲目地追随…

dampen the students’ enthusiasm/frustrate the students 抑制学生的热情

broaden/expand one’s vision/outlook/horizons 开阔眼界

stimulate one’s interest in sth 鼓舞某人对某事的兴趣

sap/dampen student’s interest in sth 抑制学生对某事的兴趣

strengthen/weaken students’ willpower 增强/削弱学生的意志力

tap one’s p otential 开发潜能

fulfill one’s potential 发挥潜能

waste one’s potential 浪费某人的潜能

give students motivation to do sth/motivate(stimulate) students to do sth 激励学生去做某事(re)kindle students’ enthusiasm about…点燃学生对于…的热情

give the students inspiration 给予学生鼓舞

pursue post-graduate study/take part in the entrance exams for postgraduates 考研

study abroad/go abroad for further education 出国留学

excessive/undue academic pressure 过大的学习压力

the burden of study/learning 学习负担

ease/relieve academic pressure 减轻学术压力

intensify academic pressure 增强学术压力

affect academic performance 影响学习成绩

academic atmosphere 学习气氛

四、人与自然

1、人与环境

protect/preserve the environment/the preservation of environment 保护环境

destroy/destruct/ruin/devastate the environment/ the destruction of environment 破坏环境environmental degradation/environmental deterioration/the deteriorating environment 环境退化reckless exploitation of environment 不顾后果的环境开发

keep the balance of ecosystem/nature (by prohibiting the actions of blind exploitation) 保持生态

平衡（通过禁止盲目开采行为）

keep ecological balance 保持生态平衡

disturb ecological balance/the serious disturbance of ecological balance 干扰生态平衡

maintain/disturb harmony between human beings and the environment 保持/扰乱人与环境和谐

maintain/disturb harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature 保持/扰乱人与自然和谐共存

arouse/enhance the sense (awareness/consciousness) of environmental preservation/environmental awareness(sense/consciousness) 加强环境保护意识

the lack/absence of the sense (awareness/consciousness) of environmental 缺乏环境保护意识preservation/environmental awareness(sense/consciousness) 环境保护意识

environment protectors/environmentalist/conservationist 环境保护者

environment destroyers 环境破坏者

save energy and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases 节能减排

low-carbon lifestyle/ “green” lifestyle 低碳生活/绿色生活

develop low-carbon economy 低碳经济

environment-friendly(eco-friendly) products 环保产品

clean and renewable resources 清洁可再生资源（solar and wind energy）太阳能和风能

climate change 气候变化

global warming 全球变暖

the greenhouse effect 温室效应

“holes” in the ozone layer /the thinness of the ozone layer 臭氧层空洞/变薄

reduce exhaust emission from cars/automobiles 减少汽车尾气的排放

low-emission cars 小排量汽车(small-engine cars/automobiles/vehicles)

high-emission cars 大排量汽车(vehicles with high emission)

public transport 公共交通

green commuting 绿色出行

green commuter 绿色出行的人

air pollution 大气污染

degradation/deterioration of air quality 空气质量恶化

discharge/emit poisonous/toxic gas 排放有毒气体

PM2.5

ecological disaster/natural disaster 生态/自然灾难

reduce water and soil erosion or desertification 减少水土流失或土地沙漠化

Deforestation has caused more sandstorms. 森林砍伐已经造成了更多的沙尘暴

Deforestation has turned a quarter of territory into desert.采伐森林已经把四分之一的土地变成了荒漠

acid rain 酸雨

drought 干旱

sandstorm (可数) 沙尘暴

snowstorm (可数) 暴风雪

toxic waste 有毒废物

industrial waste 工业废物

Industrial sewage 工业废水

sewage discharge 废水排放

sewage treatment 污水处理

multipurpose use 综合利用

white pollution 白色污染

limit/ban/prohibit the use of disposable plastic bags/packages 禁止使用一次性塑料袋

use throwaway degradable plastic bags 可降解一次性塑料袋

disposable chopsticks 一次性筷子

use recyclable and reusable products rather than disposable 使用可回收而不是一次性产品household garbage 生活垃圾

garbage classification 垃圾分类

throw away/discard/desert/litter waste (rubbish, garbage, trash, litter) 扔垃圾

snack bags 零食袋

leftovers 剩饭剩菜(必须用复数)

carry out/implement sustainable development strategy 实施可持续发展战略(put…into effect)

promote sustainable development rather than push forward the economy at the expense of the ecosystem 促进可持续发展而不是以生态系统为代价推动经济

create pleasant living environment 创造怡人的生活环境

enhance the cityscape 增强城市景观

paste/post illegal ads/hard-to-remove bills 张贴非法广告

hand leaflets out/distribute leaflets 发传单

carve/inscribe characters (like…) on the wall or statues, which causes damage, irremediable in some cases, to the cultural relics and historic sites and takes even more money to repair. 在墙上或雕塑上刻字，对文化遗产和历史遗址造成了无法补救的损害，要花更多的钱去修复

make our city untidy and unorganized 使我们的城市不整洁且无组织性

1、人与资源

conserve water/water conservation 节约用水

consume water/water consumption 耗水

water shortage=shortage (scarcity/dearth) of water 水资源短缺

conserve (scarce) natural resources 保护（稀缺的）自然资源

consume/deplete natural resources 消耗自然资源

put a strain on the resources/stretch resources to the limit 使资源极度紧张到极限

use resources properly rather than use up/exhaust natural resources 合理使用资源而非使其穷尽

over-exploit natural resources/over-exploitation of natural resources/abuse of natural resources过

度开采自然资源

exploit natural resources unlimitedly and blindly without considering the potential damage that can be done to nature, and more importantly, to human beings 无限度，盲目的开采自然资源而没有考虑对自然产生的潜在危害，更重要的，对人类本身的危害

the abuse of natural resources 滥用自然资源

harness natural resources rather than misuse natural resources 治理自然资源而非滥用

non-renewable resources are in a state of rapid exhaustion 不可再生资源处于快速耗尽的形势中

short-term commercial interests 短期商业利益

the profit-oriented behavior 利润导向行为

leadership’s obsession with short-term growth 领导层对短期增长的痴迷

devastating effects/destructive effects 毁灭性的影响

exploit renewable resources 开发可再生资源

keep the balance of nature by prohibiting the actions of blind/reckless exploitation 通过禁止盲目开采行为来保持自然平衡

2、人与动物

wild species 野生物种

wild animals/wildlife/wild life 野生动物

save/preserve/protect endangered wild animals/wildlife from extinction 保护濒危野生动物免于灭绝

endanger wild animals 濒危野生动物

destruct wildlife’s habitats/the destruction of wildlife’s habitats 破坏野生动物栖息地

create nature reserve 创建自然保护区

create a pleasant living environment for the wildlife 为野生动物创造舒适的栖息环境

die out/go extinction/disappear from the planet 从地球上消失

prevent the extinction of wild species 阻止野生动物灭绝

enrich biodiversity 丰富生物多样性