艾略特之《荒原》

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荒原的内容及艺术特色

荒原的内容及艺术特色

荒原的内容及艺术特色一、荒原的内容说到《荒原》,这可不是个简单的诗集,它就像一幅抽象画,让你一开始看不懂,但越看越觉得其中有深意。

作者T.S.艾略特(T.S. Eliot)通过这本诗集描绘了现代人内心的空虚与焦虑,像是丢失了方向的船只在风浪中漂浮。

整本书给人一种压抑的感觉,仿佛所有的希望都在逐渐消失,留下的只是碎片化的记忆和无尽的沉默。

真的是让你看了之后,心里有种说不清的感觉:好像身边的世界在变坏,而我们却无法做什么。

诗集分为五个部分,讲的全是一些极为荒诞和梦幻般的场景,跳跃式的内容让人感觉像是进入了一场不合逻辑的梦境。

比如开头第一部分《死水》,就是描述一种枯萎的景象,水面上静得让人无法想象,死气沉沉的氛围几乎让人喘不过气来。

你想象一下,大家都在赶着做事,却不知为什么一切又都停滞了。

是不是有点像现代社会中的忙碌呢?大家都在奔波,却始终感觉不到自己朝着什么目标走。

还有一部分叫做《一片叶子》,它讲的是人的迷茫和无助。

你会看到那些身陷困境的人,走在充满尘土和死寂的荒原上,什么也得不到,什么也看不见。

诗人通过这些意象,表现了人类面对文明的衰退和心灵的荒芜,仿佛什么都没有,只剩下孤独。

二、荒原的艺术特色说到《荒原》的艺术特色,这本书的写作风格实在是让人眼前一亮。

你能感受到艾略特的文字像是急切地从心底冒出来,里面有一种很强的情感波动,不像是传统的诗歌那样整齐有序。

每一行诗,仿佛都是一块拼图,不是拼成一个完整的画面,而是让你在阅读过程中慢慢拼凑出一种情感的碎片。

这种感觉有点像是你把一个蛋糕切成了无数小块,每一块都有不同的味道,却又共同营造出一种复杂的情绪。

艾略特的诗歌语言有时候会让你摸不着头脑,字面上的意思并不容易理解,但背后的深层含义却能打动你。

比如他用大量的神话、历史、宗教等元素来表现诗中的情感。

这些文化背景就像是沙漠中的细沙,慢慢渗透到每个角落,虽然你可能一开始不明白,但它们却让诗歌的内涵更深刻。

艾略特喜欢用多重的象征手法,把不同的意象串联在一起,给读者一种既陌生又熟悉的感觉。

荒原原文

荒原原文

艾略特《荒原The Waste Land.》(原文)作者: T.S. Eliot (1888–1965). The Waste Land. 1922.The Waste LandI. THE BURIAL OF THE DEADAPRIL is the cruellest month, breedingLilacs out of the dead land, mixingMemory and desire, stirringDull roots with spring rain.Winter kept us warm, covering 5Earth in forgetful snow, feedingA little life with dried tubers.Summer surprised us, coming over the Starnbergersee With a shower of rain; we stopped in the colonnade, And went on in sunlight, into the Hofgarten, 10And drank coffee, and talked for an hour.Bin gar keine Russin, stamm' aus Litauen, echt deutsch. And when we were children, staying at the archduke's, My cousin's, he took me out on a sled,And I was frightened. He said, Marie, 15Marie, hold on tight. And down we went.In the mountains, there you feel free.I read, much of the night, and go south in the winter. What are the roots that clutch, what branches grow Out of this stony rubbish? Son of man, 20You cannot say, or guess, for you know onlyA heap of broken images, where the sun beats,And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief,And the dry stone no sound of water. OnlyThere is shadow under this red rock, 25(Come in under the shadow of this red rock),And I will show you something different from either Your shadow at morning striding behind youOr your shadow at evening rising to meet you;I will show you fear in a handful of dust. 30Frisch weht der WindDer Heimat zu.Mein Irisch Kind,Wo weilest du?'You gave me hyacinths first a year ago; 35'They called me the hyacinth girl.'—Yet when we came back, late, from the Hyacinth garden, Your arms full, and your hair wet, I could notSpeak, and my eyes failed, I was neitherLiving nor dead, and I knew nothing, 40Looking into the heart of light, the silence.Od' und leer das Meer.Madame Sosostris, famous clairvoyante,Had a bad cold, neverthelessIs known to be the wisest woman in Europe, 45With a wicked pack of cards. Here, said she,Is your card, the drowned Phoenician Sailor,(Those are pearls that were his eyes. Look!)Here is Belladonna, the Lady of the Rocks,The lady of situations. 50Here is the man with three staves, and here the Wheel, And here is the one-eyed merchant, and this card,Which is blank, is something he carries on his back,Which I am forbidden to see. I do not findThe Hanged Man. Fear death by water. 55I see crowds of people, walking round in a ring.Thank you. If you see dear Mrs. Equitone,Tell her I bring the horoscope myself:One must be so careful these days.Unreal City, 60Under the brown fog of a winter dawn,A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many,I had not thought death had undone so many.Sighs, short and infrequent, were exhaled,And each man fixed his eyes before his feet. 65Flowed up the hill and down King William Street,To where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the hoursWith a dead sound on the final stroke of nine.There I saw one I knew, and stopped him, crying 'Stetson! 'You who were with me in the ships at Mylae! 70'That corpse you planted last year in your garden,'Has it begun to sprout? Will it bloom this year?'Or has the sudden frost disturbed its bed?'Oh keep the Dog far hence, that's friend to men,'Or with his nails he'll dig it up again! 75'You! hypocrite lecteur!—mon semblable,—mon frère!' II. A GAME OF CHESSTHE Chair she sat in, like a burnished throne,Glowed on the marble, where the glassHeld up by standards wrought with fruited vinesFrom which a golden Cupidon peeped out 80(Another hid his eyes behind his wing)Doubled the flames of sevenbranched candelabra Reflecting light upon the table asThe glitter of her jewels rose to meet it,From satin cases poured in rich profusion; 85In vials of ivory and coloured glassUnstoppered, lurked her strange synthetic perfumes, Unguent, powdered, or liquid—troubled, confusedAnd drowned the sense in odours; stirred by the airThat freshened from the window, these ascended 90In fattening the prolonged candle-flames,Flung their smoke into the laquearia,Stirring the pattern on the coffered ceiling.Huge sea-wood fed with copperBurned green and orange, framed by the coloured stone, 95 In which sad light a carvèd dolphin swam.Above the antique mantel was displayedAs though a window gave upon the sylvan sceneThe change of Philomel, by the barbarous kingSo rudely forced; yet there the nightingale 100Filled all the desert with inviolable voiceAnd still she cried, and still the world pursues,'Jug Jug' to dirty ears.And other withered stumps of timeWere told upon the walls; staring forms 105Leaned out, leaning, hushing the room enclosed. Footsteps shuffled on the stair.Under the firelight, under the brush, her hairSpread out in fiery pointsGlowed into words, then would be savagely still. 110'My nerves are bad to-night. Yes, bad. Stay with me.'Speak to me. Why do you never speak? Speak.'What are you thinking of? What thinking? What?'I never know what you are thinking. Think.'I think we are in rats' alley 115Where the dead men lost their bones.'What is that noise?'The wind under the door.'What is that noise now? What is the wind doing?' Nothing again nothing. 120'Do'You know nothing? Do you see nothing? Do you remember 'Nothing?'I rememberThose are pearls that were his eyes. 125'Are you alive, or not? Is there nothing in your head?'ButO O O O that Shakespeherian Rag—It's so elegantSo intelligent 130'What shall I do now? What shall I do?''I shall rush out as I am, and walk the street'With my hair down, so. What shall we do to-morrow?'What shall we ever do?'The hot water at ten. 135And if it rains, a closed car at four.And we shall play a game of chess,Pressing lidless eyes and waiting for a knock upon the door. When Lil's husband got demobbed, I said—I didn't mince my words, I said to her myself, 140HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIMENow Albert's coming back, make yourself a bit smart.He'll want to know what you done with that money he gave you To get yourself some teeth. He did, I was there.You have them all out, Lil, and get a nice set, 145He said, I swear, I can't bear to look at you.And no more can't I, I said, and think of poor Albert,He's been in the army four years, he wants a good time,And if you don't give it him, there's others will, I said.Oh is there, she said. Something o' that, I said. 150Then I'll know who to thank, she said, and give me a straight look. HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIMEIf you don't like it you can get on with it, I said.Others can pick and choose if you can't.But if Albert makes off, it won't be for lack of telling. 155You ought to be ashamed, I said, to look so antique.(And her only thirty-one.)I can't help it, she said, pulling a long face,It's them pills I took, to bring it off, she said.(She's had five already, and nearly died of young George.) 160 The chemist said it would be alright, but I've never been the same. You are a proper fool, I said.Well, if Albert won't leave you alone, there it is, I said,What you get married for if you don't want children?HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIME 165Well, that Sunday Albert was home, they had a hot gammon,And they asked me in to dinner, to get the beauty of it hot—HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIMEHURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIMEGoonight Bill. Goonight Lou. Goonight May. Goonight. 170Ta ta. Goonight. Goonight.Good night, ladies, good night, sweet ladies, good night, good night. III. THE FIRE SERMONTHE river's tent is broken: the last fingers of leafClutch and sink into the wet bank. The windCrosses the brown land, unheard. The nymphs are departed. 175 Sweet Thames, run softly, till I end my song.The river bears no empty bottles, sandwich papers,Silk handkerchiefs, cardboard boxes, cigarette endsOr other testimony of summer nights. The nymphs are departed. And their friends, the loitering heirs of city directors; 180 Departed, have left no addresses.By the waters of Leman I sat down and wept...Sweet Thames, run softly till I end my song,Sweet Thames, run softly, for I speak not loud or long.But at my back in a cold blast I hear 185The rattle of the bones, and chuckle spread from ear to ear.A rat crept softly through the vegetationDragging its slimy belly on the bankWhile I was fishing in the dull canalOn a winter evening round behind the gashouse 190Musing upon the king my brother's wreckAnd on the king my father's death before him.White bodies naked on the low damp groundAnd bones cast in a little low dry garret,Rattled by the rat's foot only, year to year. 195But at my back from time to time I hearThe sound of horns and motors, which shall bringSweeney to Mrs. Porter in the spring.O the moon shone bright on Mrs. PorterAnd on her daughter 200They wash their feet in soda waterEt, O ces voix d'enfants, chantant dans la coupole!Twit twit twitJug jug jug jug jug jugSo rudely forc'd. 205TereuUnreal CityUnder the brown fog of a winter noonMr. Eugenides, the Smyrna merchantUnshaven, with a pocket full of currants 210C.i.f. London: documents at sight,Asked me in demotic FrenchTo luncheon at the Cannon Street HotelFollowed by a weekend at the Metropole.At the violet hour, when the eyes and back 215Turn upward from the desk, when the human engine waits Like a taxi throbbing waiting,I Tiresias, though blind, throbbing between two lives,Old man with wrinkled female breasts, can seeAt the violet hour, the evening hour that strives 220 Homeward, and brings the sailor home from sea,The typist home at teatime, clears her breakfast, lightsHer stove, and lays out food in tins.Out of the window perilously spreadHer drying combinations touched by the sun's last rays, 225 On the divan are piled (at night her bed)Stockings, slippers, camisoles, and stays.I Tiresias, old man with wrinkled dugs Perceived the scene, and foretold the rest—I too awaited the expected guest. 230He, the young man carbuncular, arrives,A small house agent's clerk, with one bold stare, One of the low on whom assurance sitsAs a silk hat on a Bradford millionaire.The time is now propitious, as he guesses, 235 The meal is ended, she is bored and tired, Endeavours to engage her in caressesWhich still are unreproved, if undesired. Flushed and decided, he assaults at once; Exploring hands encounter no defence; 240His vanity requires no response,And makes a welcome of indifference.(And I Tiresias have foresuffered allEnacted on this same divan or bed;I who have sat by Thebes below the wall 245 And walked among the lowest of the dead.) Bestows on final patronising kiss,And gropes his way, finding the stairs unlit... She turns and looks a moment in the glass, Hardly aware of her departed lover; 250Her brain allows one half-formed thought to pass: 'Well now that's done: and I'm glad it's over.' When lovely woman stoops to folly andPaces about her room again, alone,She smoothes her hair with automatic hand, 255 And puts a record on the gramophone.'This music crept by me upon the waters'And along the Strand, up Queen Victoria Street.O City city, I can sometimes hearBeside a public bar in Lower Thames Street, 260 The pleasant whining of a mandolineAnd a clatter and a chatter from withinWhere fishmen lounge at noon: where the wallsOf Magnus Martyr holdInexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold. 265 The river sweatsOil and tarThe barges driftWith the turning tideRed sails 270WideTo leeward, swing on the heavy spar.The barges washDrifting logsDown Greenwich reach 275Past the Isle of Dogs.Weialala leiaWallala leialalaElizabeth and LeicesterBeating oars 280The stern was formedA gilded shellRed and goldThe brisk swellRippled both shores 285Southwest windCarried down streamThe peal of bellsWhite towersWeialala leia 290Wallala leialala'Trams and dusty trees.Highbury bore me. Richmond and Kew Undid me. By Richmond I raised my knees Supine on the floor of a narrow canoe.' 295'My feet are at Moorgate, and my heart Under my feet. After the eventHe wept. He promised "a new start".I made no comment. What should I resent?''On Margate Sands. 300I can connectNothing with nothing.The broken fingernails of dirty hands.My people humble people who expect Nothing.' 305la laTo Carthage then I cameBurning burning burning burningO Lord Thou pluckest me outO Lord Thou pluckest 310burningIV. DEATH BY WATERPHLEBAS the Phoenician, a fortnight dead, Forgot the cry of gulls, and the deep seas swell And the profit and loss.A current under sea 315Picked his bones in whispers. As he rose and fellHe passed the stages of his age and youthEntering the whirlpool.Gentile or JewO you who turn the wheel and look to windward, 320 Consider Phlebas, who was once handsome and tall as you.V. WHAT THE THUNDER SAIDAFTER the torchlight red on sweaty facesAfter the frosty silence in the gardensAfter the agony in stony placesThe shouting and the crying 325Prison and place and reverberationOf thunder of spring over distant mountainsHe who was living is now deadWe who were living are now dyingWith a little patience 330Here is no water but only rockRock and no water and the sandy roadThe road winding above among the mountainsWhich are mountains of rock without waterIf there were water we should stop and drink 335 Amongst the rock one cannot stop or thinkSweat is dry and feet are in the sandIf there were only water amongst the rockDead mountain mouth of carious teeth that cannot spit Here one can neither stand nor lie nor sit 340There is not even silence in the mountainsBut dry sterile thunder without rainThere is not even solitude in the mountainsBut red sullen faces sneer and snarlFrom doors of mudcracked housesIf there were water 345And no rockIf there were rockAnd also waterAnd waterA spring 350A pool among the rockIf there were the sound of water onlyNot the cicadaAnd dry grass singingBut sound of water over a rock 355Where the hermit-thrush sings in the pine trees Drip drop drip drop drop drop dropBut there is no waterWho is the third who walks always beside you? When I count, there are only you and I together 360 But when I look ahead up the white roadThere is always another one walking beside you Gliding wrapt in a brown mantle, hoodedI do not know whether a man or a woman—But who is that on the other side of you? 365 What is that sound high in the airMurmur of maternal lamentationWho are those hooded hordes swarmingOver endless plains, stumbling in cracked earth Ringed by the flat horizon only 370What is the city over the mountainsCracks and reforms and bursts in the violet airFalling towersJerusalem Athens AlexandriaVienna London 375UnrealA woman drew her long black hair out tightAnd fiddled whisper music on those stringsAnd bats with baby faces in the violet lightWhistled, and beat their wings 380And crawled head downward down a blackened wallAnd upside down in air were towersTolling reminiscent bells, that kept the hoursAnd voices singing out of empty cisterns and exhausted wells. In this decayed hole among the mountains 385In the faint moonlight, the grass is singingOver the tumbled graves, about the chapelThere is the empty chapel, only the wind's home.It has no windows, and the door swings,Dry bones can harm no one. 390Only a cock stood on the rooftreeCo co rico co co ricoIn a flash of lightning. Then a damp gustBringing rainGanga was sunken, and the limp leaves 395Waited for rain, while the black cloudsGathered far distant, over Himavant.The jungle crouched, humped in silence.Then spoke the thunderD A 400Datta: what have we given?My friend, blood shaking my heartThe awful daring of a moment's surrenderWhich an age of prudence can never retractBy this, and this only, we have existed 405Which is not to be found in our obituariesOr in memories draped by the beneficent spiderOr under seals broken by the lean solicitorIn our empty roomsD A 410Dayadhvam: I have heard the keyTurn in the door once and turn once onlyWe think of the key, each in his prisonThinking of the key, each confirms a prisonOnly at nightfall, aetherial rumours 415Revive for a moment a broken CoriolanusD ADamyata: The boat respondedGaily, to the hand expert with sail and oarThe sea was calm, your heart would have responded 420 Gaily, when invited, beating obedientTo controlling handsI sat upon the shoreFishing, with the arid plain behind meShall I at least set my lands in order? 425London Bridge is falling down falling down falling down Poi s'ascose nel foco che gli affinaQuando fiam ceu chelidon—O swallow swallowLe Prince d'Aquitaine à la tour abolieThese fragments I have shored against my ruins 430Why then Ile fit you. Hieronymo's mad againe. Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata.Shantih shantih shantih。

艾略特《荒原》

艾略特《荒原》

艾略特没有在《荒原》 艾略特没有在《荒原》中表达小我所 体验的种种感受, 体验的种种感受,而是客观冷静地展 示了一个精神迷失的黑暗而痛苦的时 代; 这首诗对战后的失望心情, 这首诗对战后的失望心情,精神空虚 和无政府状况作出了权威的表现, 和无政府状况作出了权威的表现,这 一代人辨认出属于自己的景象.( .(这 一代人辨认出属于自己的景象.(这 一点是老一辈诗人做不到的 ) 这首诗不属于一个人, 这首诗不属于一个人,而属于现代的 城市,属于战后的世界. 城市,属于战后的世界.
三,拼贴画风格
把截然不同的情景并列或连接,也 把截然不同的情景并列或连接, 受电影中蒙太奇的影响, 受电影中蒙太奇的影响,它用各种 零碎的片段表现现代城市的支离破 碎. 我用这些碎片撑住了我的废墟. "我用这些碎片撑住了我的废墟."
艾略特的诗歌主张: 艾略特的诗歌主张:
后期象征主义诗人认为,自我作为纯精神 后期象征主义诗人认为, 的存在, 的存在,不具有被艺术直接表现并赋予感 性形象的可能, 性形象的可能,只能通过与之对应的象征 来暗示. 来暗示. 艾略特提出寻找主观感情的"客观对应 艾略特提出寻找主观感情的" 把各种情景,事件, 物",把各种情景,事件,典故等搭配成 一幅幅图案来表达某种情绪,引起共鸣. 一幅幅图案来表达某种情绪,引起共鸣. 艾略特认为诗与诗人的个人情绪没有什么 关系,提出诗歌"非个人化"的主张. 关系,提出诗歌"非个人化"的主张.
艾略特 《荒原》
荒原指经过了一战的整个欧洲,一 荒原指经过了一战的整个欧洲, 指经过了一战的整个欧洲 切都崩溃了, 切都崩溃了,城市里只有猥琐的人 在过着无生气的生活, 在过着无生气的生活,其标志为无 爱情的性行为. 爱情的性行为. 诗人认为比战争破坏更严重的是整 个文明社会的毁灭, 个文明社会的毁灭,尤其是宗教信 仰的丧失,荒原最缺的水是人的灵 仰的丧失,荒原最缺的水是人的灵 魂里的水. 魂里的水.

艾略特之《荒原》课件

艾略特之《荒原》课件

表演风格和技巧
运用现代舞、肢体剧等表现手法,强 调身体语言和舞蹈元素,以视觉冲击 力展现诗歌中的抽象概念。
影视作品对《荒原》的改编和呈现
电影改编
将《荒原》改编成电影剧本,通 过镜头语言和画面构图,呈现诗
歌中的场景和意境。
视觉特效和音效
利用现代技术手段,如特效和音 效,增强电影的表现力和感染力 ,使观众更好地理解和感受诗歌
节奏和韵律的处理
节奏
艾略特在《荒原》中运用了独特的节奏感, 通过语言的排列和组合,使得诗歌具有一种 独特的韵律和节奏感,这种节奏感不仅增强 了诗歌的艺术效果,也使得诗歌更加易于记 忆和传颂。
韵律
艾略特在《荒原》中采用了多种韵律形式, 如押韵、对仗、排比等,这些韵律形式使得 诗歌的语言更加和谐和优美,也使得诗歌更 加具有音乐性和节奏感。
艾略特之《荒原》课件
目录
• 艾略特与《荒原》简介 • 《荒原》的诗歌技巧和语言特色 • 《荒原》中的思想和主题分析 • 《荒原》的影响和评价 • 《荒原》与中国文化 • 《荒原》的舞台表演和影视改编
01
艾略特与《荒原》简介
艾略特的生平和成就
艾略特(T.S. Eliot)的生平
艾略特出生于美国,后移民英国,成为英国现代派诗歌的代表人物。他的诗歌作 品融合了传统与现代,对20世纪诗歌产生了深远影响。
诗中通过对现代文明社会的种种弊病的揭示,表达了作者对现代文明的失望和不 满,以及对人类未来的担忧。
对宗教和神话的引用与探讨
《荒原》中引用了大量的宗教和神话元素,这些元素在诗中 起到了重要的象征和隐喻作用。
通过对宗教和神话的引用与探讨,艾略特试图寻找人类在面 临死亡和虚无时的一种精神寄托和慰藉,同时也揭示了宗教 和神话在人类文化中的重要地位。

【赏析】艾略特《荒原》 文学考研

【赏析】艾略特《荒原》  文学考研

艾略特:《荒原》内容梗概全诗由5章构成。

第1章《死者葬仪》,标题出自英国教会出葬仪式。

死亡是这一章的主题。

诗歌在含混的意识中开场。

四月是残酷的季节,以记忆和欲望折磨着人们。

在玛丽的回忆中浮现出往昔的静好岁月,而如今面目全非:树已枯死,偶像已破碎,焦石间没有流水的声音,大地一片荒凉。

女相士也为此感到困惑,她用纸牌给人算命,得到了死亡的预言,因为她找不到那“被绞死的人”——耶稣,于是人注定无法获得救赎。

在冬日破晓的黄雾下,人群涌过伦敦桥,死亡已经毁坏了他们。

“我”想知道,复活是否为时不远?第2章《对弈》,标题出自英国剧作家托马斯·密德尔顿的同名剧作,本是一个淫乱故事,诗人取其意喻指现代人的道德堕落。

此章分两个场景。

在富丽堂皇的卧室里,一位上流社会的无聊贵妇正在胡思乱想,她渴望所谓的传奇爱情,以为传说中的翡绿眉拉就是一个典型,而这却是一个因淫乱而复仇的悲剧。

下一场景,在低等酒馆里,丽儿和女伴谈着私情、堕胎,如何对付退伍归来的丈夫。

两个地位不同的女性代表了社会普遍的堕落风气。

第3章《火戒》,标题出自佛教教义。

“火”有双重含义:是情欲之火,也是使人再生的净化之火。

这章以神话中具有穿透人内心力量的双性人帖瑞西士的视角来观察,发现“可爱的泰晤士”河畔已经不见了仙女的踪影,只看见公寓里一个女打字员和一个长疙瘩的青年有欲无爱的交合。

不可救药的精神颓败。

再生似乎已无希望。

第4章《水里的死亡》,“水”亦指泛滥的情欲。

女相士预言的腓尼基人之死在此章获得应验。

他是在欲望和金钱的漩涡中丧生的现代人的象征。

第5章《雷霆的话》充分展开了探索的主题。

诗人再次描绘了一幅荒原的景象:大地荒废,布满岩石,找不到一滴水。

水在这里被赋予再生的含义。

荒原通过三个意象展现:耶稣复活后去埃摩司的途中,而门徒看不见他的身影;寻找圣杯的武士走向空无一人的教堂;鱼王坐在岸上垂钓,“背后是那干旱的荒原”。

荒原是否能恢复生机?人能否获得拯救?一切都未知。

艾略特《荒原》主要内容概要及赏析

艾略特《荒原》主要内容概要及赏析

艾略特《荒原》主要内容概要及赏析(最新版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如诗歌散文、原文赏析、读书笔记、经典名著、古典文学、网络文学、经典语录、童话故事、心得体会、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as poetry and prose, original text appreciation, reading notes, classic works, classical literature, online literature, classic quotations, fairy tales, experience, other sample essays, etc. if you want to know the difference Please pay attention to the format and writing of the sample essay!艾略特《荒原》主要内容概要及赏析【导语】:《荒原》外国文学作品简析英国诗人艾略特(18881965)的代表作,被誉为现代主义诗歌的里程碑。

荒原艾略特解读

荒原艾略特解读

荒原艾略特解读
《荒原》是T.S.艾略特的代表作,被认为是他最具有影响力的作品之一。

以下是对这首诗的解读:
一、诗歌的主题和结构:
《荒原》是一首以现代城市生活为背景的长诗,通过对自然、历史、宗教、文化等主题的探讨,揭示了现代社会中的精神荒原。

诗歌的结构复杂而严谨,由多个章节组成,每个章节都有不同的主题和意象,但它们都相互关联并共同构建了一个完整的主题。

二、诗歌的意象和象征:
艾略特在《荒原》中使用了大量的意象和象征来表达他对现代社会和人类境遇的理解。

例如,诗中的“荒原”既是一个具体的自然景象,也是一个象征性的意象,代表着现代社会中人类精神生活的枯竭和空虚。

此外,诗中还有许多其他的意象和象征,如“死者的葬仪”、“对弈”、“火诫”、“水里的死亡”等,它们都具有深刻的象征意义。

三、诗歌的语言和风格:
艾略特在《荒原》中使用了独特的语言和风格来表达他的思想和情感。

他的语言既富有节奏感又充满力量,他的诗句常常具有深邃的哲理性和强烈的感情色彩。

此外,他还使用了大量的典故和引用,使诗歌具有深厚的历史和文化底蕴。

四、诗歌的意义和价值:
《荒原》不仅是一部文学作品,也是一部对现代社会和人类境遇的深刻反思。

它揭示了现代社会中的精神危机和人类困境,同时也提出了
对这些问题的思考和解决方案。

因此,这首诗具有重要的社会意义和文化价值。

总之,《荒原》是T.S.艾略特的代表作之一,也是现代主义诗歌的里程碑之一。

通过对这首诗的解读,我们可以更好地理解艾略特的思想和情感以及他对现代社会的反思和批判。

艾略特荒原中英对照

艾略特荒原中英对照

(一)艾略特是中国现代朦胧诗歌的鼻祖在网上,很多对中国现代诗歌(包括朦胧诗歌)起源和继承的评论是似是而非的。

这可能是由于一些国内不懂外文的评论家的错误导向所致,也有可能是由于自己就没有理解好中国的现代诗歌,而混枭了自己的观点,也误人子弟。

中国的现代诗歌,究其源泉是由于五四时期由胡适等人发起的白话文运动,白话诗也就应运产生。

一个很有意思的现象是,很多著名的作家严肃的学者并没有留下多少白话诗歌,只有一些类似嘻皮士的文人们,象刘半农,徐志摩等等,为了和女人的打情骂俏而留下过一首半首。

中国早期的现代诗歌应该是继承于欧洲而不是美洲。

这得益于一些留学欧洲学人的推荐和传播。

象卞之琳,徐志摩,李金发等等,所写的诗歌继承了欧洲维多利亚式的风格,并没有多少的创新,节奏的和谐和词澡的华丽是其主要的特点,但并没有什么心灵的震动,是沃斯瓦斯和波尔莱特在中国的翻版,甚至从中可以看到雪莱和拜伦的影子。

从中很少看到美洲惠特曼的影子,大概惠诗歌中的自然和平民的形象和这些留学欧洲的没落贵族的口吻不太合适所致。

很多人把这几个人归结为现代朦胧诗歌的起源。

其实是不当的。

这时候的诗歌还只能是现代诗歌而不是朦胧诗歌,当然,相对于旧体诗歌意象和词汇的运用已经有了朦胧的感觉。

中国诗歌在七十年代末八十年代初期,有一个特别辉煌的复兴时期。

一批经过文革,上过山下过乡的知识青年们用在煤油灯下的知识积累,带着对生活的感性体验,在马可雅夫斯基和莱蒙托夫的指引下开始中国诗歌的新一轮革命。

这期间杰出的诗人有北岛,舒婷等。

在八十年代的中末期,中国诗坛终于迎来了大爆炸的时期。

在理论领袖谢冕的指引下,一批批锐意的具有现代意识的中国诗人们以严辰主编的诗歌报为阵地,纷纷打出旗号,成立山头,一时间中国的诗歌流派竟然有几十家之多。

所写的诗歌讦曲骜牙,常人难以读懂。

这就是后来广被非议的现代朦胧诗。

为什么称为现代朦胧诗?这是为了区别于以唐朝李商隐为代表的古体朦胧诗歌。

中国的现代朦胧诗直接继承于艾略特,Pound等人的诗风,摈弃了近代诗歌徐志摩等人所提倡的维多利亚的模式。

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而西比尔违背了这一规律,她虽然实现了永生不
死的愿望,但却生不如死,她对死亡的渴望反映 出她对生存现状的不满与厌倦。
“我坐在岸上
钓鱼,枯干的平原在我的背后”
艾略特在自注中说:“这首诗不仅标题、
构局,而且许多零散的象征都受魏士登女
士论圣杯传说的那本书《从仪式到传奇》 的启发,此书使我得益非浅……在更一般 的意义上,我还得益于另一本人类学著作, 一本深刻地影响了我们这一代的书,我指 的是《金枝》……”。
“在这部残酷 的书中,我注 入了自己的全 部思想,整个 的心(经过改 装的),整个宗 教意识,以及 全部仇恨。”
《恶之花》
骚动喧嚣的城,噩梦堆积的城 幽魂在光天化日下拉扯行人
《神曲》
“这样长的一队人,
我没想到竟毁了这许多人。”
第三部分“火诫”
当紫色黄昏到来时,当眼睛和脊背 从写字台抬直起来,当人的肌体 像出租车汽车在悸动地等待, 我,阿瑞西斯,悸动在雌雄两种生命之间 一个有着干瘪的女性乳房的老头, 尽管是瞎的,在这紫色黄昏的时刻 却看见打字员下班回到家,洗了 早点的用具,生上火炉,摆出罐头食物
来的正是时机,他猜对了, 晚饭吃过,她厌腻而懒散, 他试着动手动脚上去温存, 虽然没受欢迎,也没有被责备。 兴奋而坚定,他立刻进攻, 探索的手没有遇到抗拒, 他的虚荣心也不需要反应, 冷漠对他等于是欢迎。 最后给了她恩赐的一吻, 探索着走出去,楼梯也没个灯亮——
她回头对镜照了一下, 全没想到还有那个离去的情人; 心里模糊地闪过一个念头: “那桩事总算完了;我很高兴。” 当美人做了失足的蠢事; 而又在屋中来回踱着,孤独地, 她机械地用手理了理头发, 并拿一张唱片放在留声机上。
后期象征主义诗人认为,自我作为纯精神的存在,
不具有被艺术直接表现的可能,只能通过与之对
应的象征来暗示。
艾略特提出寻找主观感情的“客观对应物”,把 各种情景、事件、典故等搭配成一幅幅图案来表 达某种情绪,引起共鸣。 艾略特认为诗与诗人的个人情绪没有什么关系,
提出诗歌“非个人化”的主张。
《荒原》题词
I had not thought death had undone so many.
Sighs, short and infrequent, were exhaled, And each man fixed his eyes before his feet.
波德莱尔, 法国十九世 纪最著名的 现代派诗人, 象征派诗歌 先驱
“是的,我自己亲自看见古老的西比尔 吊在一个笼子里,孩子们在问她:西比 尔,你要什么的时候,她回答说:我要 死。”
根据希腊神话,古米的西比尔是女预言家,曾爱 过她的太阳神阿波罗施予她预言的能力,但她忘 记向太阳神要永恒的青春和健康。她被关在瓶中
枯而不死,承受着巨大的精神痛苦。
生与死之交替原本是宇宙发展与更新的客观规律,
并无实体的城 在冬日破晓时的黄雾下, 一群人鱼贯地流过伦敦桥, 人数是那么多
我没想到死亡毁了那么多人,
叹息,短促而稀少,吐了出来,
人人的眼睛都盯住在自己的脚前
Unreal City, Under the brown fog of a winter dawn, A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many,
“你不知道的东西是你唯一知道的东西。”
“一首诗实际意味着什么是无关紧要的。意义不过 是扔给读者以分散注意力的肉包子;与此同时, 诗却以更加具体和更加无意识的方式悄然影响读 者”。
在艾略特看来,诗中的意义不过是个骗局,而当 人们不理解这一骗局时,自然是以某种无意识的 方式理解了诗;反之,当人们自以为把握了诗的 意义时,也就是误入圈套而不自知的时候。
章节都在嘲讽和严肃之间构造了它自己的
联系,由此产生了第三种风格,那就是妙
趣横生的现代诗人的风格。
拼贴画的做法,把截然不同的情景并列或
连接,也受电影中蒙太奇的影响,它用各
种零碎的片段表现现代城市的支离破碎,
“我用这些碎片撑住了我的废墟。”
在这种传统中,女性被定义为非理性,一种需要 和应当被超越的否定性 ,一个被阉割得不完整的 男人。 艾略特更是将这种思想发扬了。
第五部分 雷霆的话
雷霆代表上帝宣言,指出人类拯救 的唯一出路:
舍己为人,同情,克制
全诗总的骨架是欧洲神话中渔王的故事,
强调生死循环中衰老和死亡的阶段。运用
了7种语言和引用56种前人著作。
窗外不牢靠地摊挂着 她晾干的内衣,染着夕阳的残辉, 沙发上(那是她夜间的床)摊着 长袜子、拖鞋、小背心,紧身胸衣, 我,有褶皱乳房的老人阿瑞西斯, 知道这一幕,并且预见了其余的—— 我也在等待那盼望的客人。 他来了,那满脸酒刺的年轻人, 小代理店的办事员,一种大胆的眼神 自得的神气罩着这种下层人, 好象丝绒帽戴在布雷德福爆发户的头上
“当美人做了失足的蠢事, 发现男人的负心已经晚了, 什么魔符才能使她消愁, 怎样才能把她的污点洗掉, 唯一的妙法既为她文饰, 又在众目下使她躲过羞耻, 还能为她的恋人带来悔恨, 绞得他心疼——那就是,去死!”
在宗教中,性爱总是与繁衍下一代联系在一起。 但荒原人的性行为只是单纯的不计后果的纵欲,
因此脱离了性最重要,也是最根本的目的。
艾略特《荒原》
“现代派诗歌的里程碑”
艾略特
1948年因“革 新现代诗,功 绩卓著的先 驱”,获诺贝 尔奖文学奖。
叔本华的 “生命意志 论”——极 端悲观主义 生命哲学
全部客观世界都是表象世界,只有意志才是世界 的内在本质。 在五彩缤纷的表象世界的后面有一种意志在控制, 那就是生命的冲动。 生命意志即盲目的、无止境的寻求生存和繁衍的 欲望,这种欲望本身就是痛苦的直接根源;人类 因为会理性思考,痛苦更为显著,最大的痛苦莫 过于意识到自己痛苦。 人若有欲求,必面临痛苦;若无欲求,会陷入无 聊。 摆脱痛苦的唯一方式是禁欲,首先是性欲——生 命意志的最坚决表现。其次是艺术和自杀。
April is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring
Dull roots with spring rain.
Winter kept us warm, covering Earth in forgetful snow, feeding A little life with dried tubers.
艾略特没有在《荒原》中表达小我所体验的种种 感受,而是客观冷静地展示了一个精神迷失的黑 暗而痛苦的时代,这首诗对战后的失望心情、精 神空虚和无政府状况作出了权威的表现,这一代 人辨认出属于自己的景象。 这首诗不属于一个人,而属于现代的城市,属于 战后的世界。
《荒原》是一首带有悲剧看法的诗,但它 也是一个喜剧,一种讽仿,由于突然的切 换,悲剧的色彩变成了插科打诨,既是对 文学的嘲弄又是对文学的表现,感情总是 服从于智力,抒情总是服从于怀疑,每一
《坎特伯雷故事集》
当四月的春雨浸透了 三月干裂的土壤, 雨水沐浴着每棵草木根茎,
百花获得了盛开的力量;
第二章《对弈》
那古旧的壁炉架上展现着一幅 犹如开窗所见的田野景物, 那是翡绿眉拉变了形, 遭到了野蛮国王的强暴: 夜莺的神圣不可侵犯的歌声顿时充塞了 整个沙漠, 她还在啼叫, 世界如今还在追逐着, ‘唧唧’唱给肮脏的耳朵听。
爱情丧失之后,性欲是男女之间的疏离对弈: 貌合神离的性伴侣、与繁衍后代无关的情欲泛滥、 混乱的性关系。 空虚而又荒淫无度的荒原人,欲念之火即是罪恶
之源,是社会腐败、道德伦理崩溃的表现。
庸俗而无趣的人生——从上流社会到底层人民无
一幸免。
男权思想
从柏拉图、黑格尔、弗洛伊德到列维-斯特劳斯的 整个西方哲学,都是一种理性主义传统。
1922年,德国现代哲学家斯宾格勒发表了 《西方的没落》第二卷,同年10月,艾略 特的《荒原》在《标准》杂志创刊号上亮 相。
这也许是一种巧合,但是正如斯宾格勒 在《西方的没落》中所预言的那样,西方 文化必将走向精神的荒原,艾略特这部长 诗,似乎是对斯宾格勒的回应。
20世纪以来方发生的种种危机,从世界
渔王统治的领地因受到诅咒而严重缺水,成为 “荒原”,他本人也受了重伤,失去生育能力。 因而在这里庄稼不能生长,牲畜不能繁殖。 《荒原》一诗的题名就取自这一传说。
第一部分“死者葬仪”
四月是最残忍的一个月,荒地上 长着丁香,把回忆和欲望 掺和在一起,又让春雨 催促那些迟钝的根芽。 冬天使我们温暖,大地 给助人遗忘的雪覆盖着,又叫 干枯的球根提供少许生命。
弗雷泽的《金枝》是 人类历史上最伟大的 著作之一。 弗雷泽比较了多种民 族的宗教仪式,研究 了神话和仪式的基本 模式,指出远古神话 是仪式活动的产物。
《金枝》引用大量材料,说明四季循环与许多有关
神的诞生、死亡、复活的神话以及祭祀仪式有关。
渔王曾是植物神,岁末时人们哀悼他的死亡,春
天大地复苏时庆祝他的复活。
大战到信仰的丧失再到所谓的“性开放”,
工业化和商业化正在导致人性的扭曲和自
然资源的匮乏,人类的物质进步带来的是
精神的彻底迷失。
由此,艾略特对这一种文明是否有效提出
了疑问,并对所谓理性、文明、自由产生
了反思。 。
“在宗教上是英国国教式的天主教徒,在政 治上是保皇派,在文学上是古典主义者”。 要以宗教和教会为政治和文化中心,通过 教会来管理国家,传播文化,统治人民, 力图用宗教复兴来挽救西方文明,其社会 理想就是宗教救世。
“妖术和美貌 互相结合,再 用淫欲加强它 们的魅力”— —克里奥佩特 拉
伊丽莎白女王
“请快些,时间到了,明儿见毕尔。……明天 见,可爱的太太们,明天见,明天见。” 《荒原》 (男主角与服役军人妻子丽尔勾搭后的告别场 景,暗示现代人在淫乐中寻求慰藉) “来啊,我的马车!——明天见,太太,明天 见,好太太,明天见,明天见。” 《哈姆雷特》 (奥菲利亚自杀前的语无伦次)
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