第三章 比较句式的翻译 放映
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英语比较结构的翻译优秀课件
• 英语中常见的比较结构主要包括比较级， 递增或递减式比较，强化式比较，否定式 比较，选择式比较等。
一、比较级
• 比较级包括超越、相等和差逊三种情况。 • 1）超越。表示超越的比较结构主要有： • better than（胜过，优于）， • more than+从句（多余，超过）， • “than +关系代词”的从句（再……不过）， • superior to（占优势，比……胜一筹）。
• He didn’t so much as ask me to set down.
• 他甚至没有请我坐下。 • He cannot so much as spell a
word.
• 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 • He hadn’t so much as his fare
（这人就是我。）
一、as…as…句型
（一）as…as…句型
as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两 者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，
通常翻译为“…和….一样”。
你来译： 她和以前一样对音乐感兴趣。
She is as much interested in music as ever.
二）not as (or so)…as…句型
• 例如：
• Doing is better than saying.百说不如 一做
• She has talked more than what is necessary.她说了一些多余的话 He is superior to his elder brother. 他比他哥哥强
• He is a scholar than whom no man ever will be more honest.
• 他是个再诚实不过的学者了。
第三章比较句式的翻译放映.ppt
• 该市江边有一个很大的图书馆,但我知道 是不允许黑人去光顾它的书架的,正如不 许黑人进入市里的公园和体育场一样。
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• ------The greatness of a people is no more determined by their number than the greatness of a man is determined by his height.
• 关于我们的对外政策,维持和其他国家的友好 关系,既是我们的义务,也同样是我们的利益。
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C．句型A is to B what C is to D, 译作“A 对于B, 如同C对于D”。
• ------A pen is to a writer what a gun to a soldier.
• 这是一次奇妙的交锋，与其说是老夫妇 之间的一场辩论，不如说是一次争吵。
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• ------He could no more be a valet than he could be a stockbroker or a wire-walker.
• 贴身男仆的活他干不了,就像他当不了证券经 纪人,也走不了钢丝一样。
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• ------There was a huge library near the riverfront, but I knew that Negroes were not allowed to patronize its shelves any more than they were the parks and playgrounds of the city.
• 如果指望他改掉火爆脾气,还不如指望豹子去掉 身上的斑点。
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• ------The greatness of a people is no more determined by their number than the greatness of a man is determined by his height.
• 关于我们的对外政策,维持和其他国家的友好 关系,既是我们的义务,也同样是我们的利益。
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C．句型A is to B what C is to D, 译作“A 对于B, 如同C对于D”。
• ------A pen is to a writer what a gun to a soldier.
• 这是一次奇妙的交锋，与其说是老夫妇 之间的一场辩论，不如说是一次争吵。
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• ------He could no more be a valet than he could be a stockbroker or a wire-walker.
• 贴身男仆的活他干不了,就像他当不了证券经 纪人,也走不了钢丝一样。
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• ------There was a huge library near the riverfront, but I knew that Negroes were not allowed to patronize its shelves any more than they were the parks and playgrounds of the city.
• 如果指望他改掉火爆脾气,还不如指望豹子去掉 身上的斑点。
第三章比较句式的翻译放映课件
• ------Fitness is being pursued by millions who realize that their medical fate lies more in their own than in their physicians’ hands.
• 成千上万的人追求健康，因为他们认识 到，自己的健康状况与其说是掌握在医 生手里，倒不如说是由自己掌握的。
比较句式的译法
• 比较句式的译法
这里主要介绍三种比较句式：
• 等比句式 • 差比句式 • 极比句式 • 择比句式
1 ．等比句式：
. 等比句式表示两个相比较的事物处于同样 的情况，一般译作“同样” 、“与…一样” 、“ 既…又…”。
A． 由as…as引导
• ------The gift pleased her as much as what her husband had expected.
by his utter devotion to his work as by fawning upon his superior.
• 那老兄得到提升，与其说是靠对工作的 完全投入，不如说是靠巴结上司。
• ------It was not so much his appearance I appreciated as his personality.
• -------Reagan was more than cordid to Ford as they met for 65 minutes.
• 在65分钟的会谈中，里根对福特表现得分外 亲切。
• ------To our great surprise, they were more than delighted to stay in the crowded town.
翻译理论与实践 unit 3 sentence
Think about it.
• 外廓城是居民的住宅区和商业区， 它由南北十一条街和东西十四条街 划分为一百零八坊和东市、西市两 个商业区。长安城布局状如棋盘。
【2004年8级测试汉译英】
• ①在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。 ②人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首 先看到的都是他或她的优点。③这一点颇 像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。④开始吃头盘 或冷碟的时候，印象很好。⑤吃头两个主 菜时，也是赞不绝口。⑥愈吃愈趋于冷静， 吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。⑦ 于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首 肯为摇头。
We have integrated IT market resources, striving to be specialized and market-oriented with scale and standardization.
• 9. 到了济南府，进得城来，家家泉水， 户户垂杨，比那江南风景，觉得更具为 有趣。 • When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south. (刘鹗《老残游记》， 杨宪益、戴乃迭译)
• 14. 他踌躇了一会，终于还是决定自己送我 去 • 15. 我再向外看时，他已抱了朱红的橘子望 回走。 • 14. But after much hesitation he finally decided to see me off himself. • 15. When next I looked out he was on his way back with some ruddy tangerines.
比较句式翻译
阳光和空气对健康的身体同样重要
Our soldiers fought with no less daring than skills
我们的战士打仗起来既勇敢又熟练
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No less than 是no more than 的反义词，no more than 可译为“只不过”，而no less than 以及其变体可译为“多达”“无异于”
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3、A is to B what C is to D “A对于B，如同C对于D”
1）A pen is to a writer what a gun to a soldier
作家的笔就如同战士的枪一样。 2）Fertilizers are to the plant what food
1、原级与比较级的替换使用
A is more important than B B is not as important as A
1)Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land
我在国外从来没有听到过把美国音乐演奏得 这样好的（比较级替换为原级）
在所有帮助过英国殖民地人民争取独立斗争欧洲人 中，最令人怀念地莫过于德。拉耶特侯爵（原级替 换为最高级）
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3）Nothing is more important than the signal sent to Moscow by the President’s action.
You may as well go to her place as let her come to your place
Our soldiers fought with no less daring than skills
我们的战士打仗起来既勇敢又熟练
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No less than 是no more than 的反义词，no more than 可译为“只不过”，而no less than 以及其变体可译为“多达”“无异于”
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3、A is to B what C is to D “A对于B，如同C对于D”
1）A pen is to a writer what a gun to a soldier
作家的笔就如同战士的枪一样。 2）Fertilizers are to the plant what food
1、原级与比较级的替换使用
A is more important than B B is not as important as A
1)Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land
我在国外从来没有听到过把美国音乐演奏得 这样好的（比较级替换为原级）
在所有帮助过英国殖民地人民争取独立斗争欧洲人 中，最令人怀念地莫过于德。拉耶特侯爵（原级替 换为最高级）
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3）Nothing is more important than the signal sent to Moscow by the President’s action.
You may as well go to her place as let her come to your place
汉英句子比较与翻译课件
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四、形合手段的综合运用
• 中国将努力促进国内粮食增产，在正常情 况下，粮食自给率不低于95%。
• China endeavors to increase its grain production so that its self-efficiency rate of grain under normal condition will be above 95 percent.
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四、肯定与否定
1.虽然是头一回拜访女友父母，张明一点都不觉得局促。 Zhang Ming was quite at his ease in spite of his first visit to his girl friend’s parents.
2.你真不够朋友，一毛钱都不给我。 Some friend you are. You won’t lead me a shilling.
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• （三）、处理方法：
• 1. 使用被动结构
• 有时候由于文化背景和风俗习惯的不同， 也容易引起误会。
• Sometimes, misunderstandings can be caused by differences in cultural backgrounds and customs.
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汉英句子成分分析
• 汉英主语、定语和状语的差异及其翻译
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• 主语：英语讲究形合，句意围绕主语展开； 汉语句子重意合，组句方式比较灵活，整 个句子一所要表达的思想为中心构建。
• (一) 、汉语主语的省略：
• 不怕寒冷，不怕危险，不怕饥饿，不怕困 难，勇敢的战士们，什么都不怕。
4.3.比较结构的翻译 PPT课件
children were immediately taken into care.
Notes:
Sample
1. intoxicated: affected (as if) by aluilding or part of a building 3. syringe: 注射器
1) His grammar is no better than mine.
他的语法同我的一样糟。
2) He’s no more fit to be a priest than I am!
他和我一样完全不适合当牧师。
3
翻译技巧——比较结构的翻译
1.3 no less... than/nothing less than 并不劣于，同等 1) The joke is no less funny because it is so often used.
• 邂逅这样一个大美人，他激动万分。
• 5. Music whose meaning is slightly different with each hearing has a greater chance of remaining alive.
• (1) 每次聆听时意义略有不同的音乐则有 更大的可能长久不衰。
2) —"Leave me alone!" my father snarled. —If he had clubbed me over the head, I could not have been more hurt.
——“不要吵我！”我父亲喊道。 ——他就是用棍棒打我头，也不会比这更令我难受。
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murder and armed robbery.
A caller rang Crimestoppers with precise details about
Unit 3 汉英对比与翻译(二)
七、大量无主句是省略主语。 大量无主句是省略主语。 区长问：“你给你闺女找了个婆 家？”三仙姑答：“找下了！”问： “使了多少钱？”答：“三千五！” 问：“还有些什么？”答：“有些 首饰布匹！”问：“跟你闺女商量 过没有？”答：“没有！”问： “你闺女愿意不愿意？”答：“不 知道！”（《小二黑结婚》）
六、增添具有泛指意义的人称代 词或名词充当主语
弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。 If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how can he get a tiger’s cub?
不能不佩服他多年来埋头苦干的精神。 One cannot help but admire the way he has kept his nose to the grindstone for all these years. His large growing family kept his nose to the grindstone. 他的日益增多的家庭人口使他埋头从事辛苦 的工作 不努力便不会成功。 One can never succeed without making great efforts.
没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难， 也无所谓顺利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility.
五、采用it作主语译出 采用 作主语译出
刮风了/下雨了。 It’s blowing / It’s raining. 出太阳了。 The sun is rising. / The sun appears. 天阴了。 It’s cloudy.
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• ------So much the worse for you if you do not follow the instructions. • 如果你不按说明去做，那就更糟了。 • ------Her letter says that she is none the wiser for my patient explanation. • 她来信说，听了我耐心的解释以后，还 是不明白。
*两个名词相比：
• ------He is more of a good teacher than a helpful friend. • 他是益友，更是良师。 • ------It was a curious exchange, less a debate than a quarrel between the old couple. • 这是一次奇妙的交锋，与其说是老夫妇 之间的一场辩论，不如说是一次争吵。
• ------The guy got promoted not so much by his utter devotion to his work as by fawning upon his superior. • 那老兄得到提升，与其说是靠对工作的 完全投入，不如说是靠巴结上司。 • ------It was not so much his appearance I appreciated as his personality.
• 令人遗憾的是，新闻记者很善于批评别 人，却极不善于接受批评。
B． 由no more/less than ，no more/less…than…, not…any more than引导的句子
① 由no more than , no more…than… 和not…any more than引导，表示 前者与后者一致，翻译为： “不…正如…不”、“…和…一 样（不）”。例如：
2．差比句式
• A．由more… than, less… than 引导, 通常 可译作“与其说…不如说…”。例如:
*两个形容词相比：
• ------He is more diligent than clever. • 与其说他聪明，不如说他用功。 • ------It seems that I hadn’t the faintest idea what “this matter” was, but I was more annoyed than interested. • 我一点儿也不知道“这件事”是指什么， 但我兴趣不大，倒觉得厌烦。
More than 用在形容词前，译作“分 外”、“非常”、“岂止…而已”。
• -------Reagan was more than cordid to Ford as they met for 65 minutes. • 在65分钟的会谈中，里根对福特表现得分外 亲切。 • ------To our great surprise, they were more than delighted to stay in the crowded town. • 令我们大为惊讶的是，他们竟很乐意呆在拥 挤不堪的城里。
• 伽利略观察的第一个天体自然是月球。他所 看到的已不再仅仅是被人们相象成各种形态 的阴影。
More than用在动词前，译作： “不仅仅”、“远远”、“大 大地”
• ------You will come to understand that the gold medals will more than bring you honor. • 你会逐渐明白金牌不仅仅给你带来荣誉。
② 由no less than 或 no less…than…引导，相当与 as…as…, 通常翻译成“同样”， “既…也...”例如：
• ------As regards our foreign policy, it is no less our interest than our duty to maintain the most friendly relations with other countries. • 关于我们的对外政策,维持和其他国家的友好 关系,既是我们的义务,也同样是我们的利益。
B．由more than引导的比较句 用在名词前，译作:“不仅仅是”,“不 只是”（与no more than恰恰相反， 它是“只是”“仅仅”的意思）。
• ------The first object observed by Galileo, naturally enough, was the Moon. He was the first to see more than the shadows that people’s imaginations has made into shapes.
B．否定词＋比较级结构和类似nothing is more…than, few things are more…than, nothing is as…as这样的结构，常译作 “没有…比…更…”或“最… ”。
• 像她丈夫所期望的那样，这件礼物让她很 高兴。 • ------Army and people are as inseparable as fish and water. • 军民关系，如同鱼和水一样，密不可分。
含有否定意义的情况：
• ------It is a pity that journalists aren’t a tenth as good at receiving criticism as they are at dishing it out.
比较句式的译法
•比较句式的译法
这里主要介绍三种比较句式：
• • • •
等比句式 差比句式 极比句式 择比句式
1．等比句式：
• 等比句式表示两个相比较的事物处于同样 的情况，一般译作“同样”、“与…一 样”、“既…又…”。
A． 由asΒιβλιοθήκη as引导• ------The gift pleased her as much as what her husband had expected.
• 与其说我欣赏他的外表，不如说我欣赏 他的性格。
E．no/nothing/never/little/more than, 常译作“不过是”、“就是”、 “只是”
• ------One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six. • 人们只要瞥一眼就能看出蜘蛛和昆虫的 区别，因为蜘蛛总是有八条腿，而昆虫 的腿只有六条。
D．not so much…as…，译作“与 其说是…不如说是…”，否定前面 的，肯定后面的。
• ------The boy is not so much unintelligent as uneducated. • 与其说这男孩不聪明，不如说他没受过教育。 • ------According to the new school of scientists, science moves forward not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. • 根据新学派的科学家的观点，科学的发展与其说是源 于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说是由于改进的技术和 工具等更为普遍的东西。
C．句型A is to B what C is to D, 译作“A 对于B, 如同C对于D”。
• ------A pen is to a writer what a gun to a soldier. • 作家的笔如同战士的枪。 • ------Air is to us what water is to fish. • 空气对于我们，犹如水对于鱼一样（重 要）。
C．all/none/so much + the +比较级， 译作“更加”、“还是”。
• ------Her mother asked her to stop playing water, but she only did it all the more.
• 她母亲叫她别再玩水了，但她却玩得更厉害 了。 • ------The skirt hung in the cupboard is no longer fashionable nowadays, but I treasure it none the less. • 挂在厨子里的那条裙子现在已不再流行了， 而我还是珍惜它。
• ------He could no more be a valet than he could be a stockbroker or a wire-walker. • 贴身男仆的活他干不了,就像他当不了证券经 纪人,也走不了钢丝一样。
• ------There was a huge library near the riverfront, but I knew that Negroes were not allowed to patronize its shelves any more than they were the parks and playgrounds of the city. • 该市江边有一个很大的图书馆,但我知道 是不允许黑人去光顾它的书架的,正如不 许黑人进入市里的公园和体育场一样。
• • • • • •
类似的词组还有： As fast as any …can be, as soon as any … possible, as romantic as any … imaginable, as early as any … permissible, as high as any … attainable。