建筑学外文翻译样本

淮阴工学院

毕业设计外文资料翻译

学院：建筑工程学院

专业：建筑学

姓名：张宇成

学号：

外文出处：Procedia Engineering 165

( ) 315 – 325

附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文

通过开发公共地下空间为德黑兰市提供所需绿色空间与宏大

建筑

穆罕默德·迈赫迪Safaee马里安Ghafoori

伊朗伊斯兰阿扎德大学（IAU），伊朗南德黑兰分部

摘要：德黑兰市是曾经被花园和农场包围小都市;当前一天已经变成了巨大高度

与其她建筑相比，建筑构造不合理，几乎失去了绿色。自德黑兰市成为伊朗首都以来，人口增长迅速，汽车不断增长，以及变化了都市特点建设项目已通过去了200近年。这使得德黑兰面临诸多短缺，如绿色空间，安静和灿烂氛围，也许已经建立了人们之间社会关系。这个都市当前严重面临缺少绿色空间，导致缺少足够氧气，空气污染和生活质量下降和缺少都市生活，这些不利成果可以在灵魂，头脑和身体上看到公民。在本文中强调是对地下空间发展社会因素，技术和构造条件。这一案例表白，在德黑兰一种人口稠密老区域开发绿地。因而，咱们不但要维持该区所需许多公共空间，例如商业场合，大厅，电影院，停车场，人行道等服务处所;咱们还可以在小朋友游乐场，人行道，有氧运动地面空间上免费，并且还形成许多景观。此后，可以在这些开放空间周边形成许多住宅空间，享有美丽景色和景观。因而，这将导致更多社会关系，动态，可持续都市生活和辉煌建筑。在都市不同距离这些中心发展可以减少咱们已经提到悲观方面。

核心词：地下空间，精致建筑，辉煌建筑，绿地，空气污染，免费场地，德黑兰市。

1.简介

德黑兰综共筹划缺少某些非常重要组件和细节在其设计和法规。依照德黑兰

市政府建筑规则和法规，住宅建筑面积比（FAR）规定为60％-70％，只有在确认和保存邻居权利状况下才容许向北延伸。这项规定导致在相邻街区浮现了线性平行东西方建筑群，既没有创造一种美丽风景，也没有能力解决公民心理需要或保护她们隐私。建于街道南边房屋，或此外阐明，邻近街区北边沿，分别面向街道和邻近街区院子向北和向南。此外，由于迁移到德黑兰不受限制增长，都市对住房单元需求增长和土地价格高昂，建筑物FAR不受控制地增长，都市面临着缺少邻里中心缺陷。只有有限数量街区有邻里中心，广场或开放空间，需要满足人们社交需求。同步，都市广场是通过为她们提供交流和互动，娱乐和休闲，散步，吃饭和享有环境以及创造一种美丽和抱负空间和氛围空间，使人们精神放松地方。虽然在伊朗，对于开放空间和公园数量已分别予以高度注重和注重，并且为此增长了近年开放空间和公园数量，但是为此目没有作出有效努力。这种空间在伊朗都市几乎找不到。尽管做了各种努力，伊朗都市广场大多变成了汽车来回来回地方。创造这种空间重要障碍是德黑兰土地价格高，以及乐意避免社区构造变化，以防止居民流离失所。使用地下公共空间将提供充分和有利机会，重组都市面料，并在地面上找到足够空间，以创造开放空间。这将有助于在本地商业和贸易创造安全和气候空间，并为居民提供开放，宁静，绿色和行人和谐邻里中心地方。

2.德兰黑历史

虽然自从德黑兰被指定为伊朗首都以来已通过去了两个世纪，都市即时发展不超过80年。总来说，都市发展始于19世纪第三个十年，随着着无限制发展，农田和都市周边土地破坏，郊区和村庄和乡镇迅速增长，迅速合并与都市面料。在过去几十年里，都市经历了迅速增长，并经历了迅速变化。下表列出了伊朗记录中心提供关于德黑兰市在过去几十年中变化资料：

3.德黑兰迅速增长后果

为了将德黑兰变成当代首都，该市都市官员开始了大量变革和改革其构造。这些重组和变化起初对许多公民来说似乎很奇怪，她们对此缺少进一步理解。由于这种冲突以及老式和当代性之间对立，许多都市构造遇到问题或没有对的建立。过去几年里为变化德黑兰外貌而实行主线变化产生了各种积极和悲观后果。其中积极成果是都市娱乐和文化场合数量增长，建设当代化设施以及高速公路和隧道，大学和教诲环境发展，工业和工厂扩张和创造就业机会。德黑兰当代化设施积累导致人们从村庄和其她省份无限制地迁移到都市，这自身导致了人口显着增长，并导致都市老建筑中使用有价值建筑作为建设值滑入忘却。其中负面后果是德黑兰视觉上不吸引人建筑物数量增长，没有强烈和独特身份，破坏景观，增长环境污染，扰乱生态平衡，破坏树木和绿色空间，增长数量废弃低效织物，生活在都市边沿地区和郊区人数增长随着着都市化增长，由于每个社区高密度建筑物扰乱了人们隐私，减少了公民生活质量以及她们对她们住地方增长冷酷。尽管德黑兰发展为德国人提供所有设施，它们在地区之间不平衡和不平衡分散以及某些地区不可用性以及大都市交通繁忙和高生产成本，使得公民无法充分和恰本地使用它们。人们没有与这些设施建立深厚联系。此外，在某些地区，这些设施未能照顾到所有客户需要。

德黑兰当前面临其她重要问题是其既有建筑解剖和构造。违背法规或法律未能全面解决都市生活规定，给公民带来了许多心理和社会问题。依照都市综共筹划，邻近街区中建筑物居民要么面向街道，要么面向邻近房屋街道，具备最小连接空间以建立彼此之间连接或经常看不到盼望景观。

此外，开放区域设计和建造具备最小绿色空间。在德黑兰地区大多数地区，行人必要沿着狭窄路面行走，宽度为一二米，沿着路线不规则地凹进或突出建筑物，这导致了不安全壁龛和盲点。虽然她们是安全，在她们建设中使用不恰当材料使她们几乎不可用在雨天。无限制建筑也导致了曾经被称为“绿色都市之城”德黑兰都市，缺少绿色空间。

图1：德黑兰1785至1925期间

变频器外文翻译文献

变频器外文翻译文献 (文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)

外文: Converter reference design (1)Converter Selection: Selection to determine the frequency converter when the following points: 1) The purpose of a variable frequency; constant pressure to control or constant current control. 2) the load converter types such as leaves or pump volume pumps, with special attention to load the performance curve, the performance curve of the decision of the ways and means. 3) the frequency converter and load matching Voltage match: a rated voltage converter with a rated voltage line with the load. Current matches: ordinary pump, the rated current inverter and motor rated current match. For special load such as deep-water pumps, and so on need to refer to the electrical performance parameters to determine the most current inverter current and Guozainengli. Torque match: in this case constant torque load or slow down when the device may have occurred. 4) the use of high-speed motor drive inverter, because of the high-speed motor, anti-small, high harmonics lead to increased output current value increases. So for high-speed motor inverter Selection, its capacity to be slightly larger than the ordinary motor selection. 5) If the frequency converter to a long cable run, this time to take measures to curb the long cable to the impact of capacitive coupling, inadequate efforts to avoid converter, so in this case, the drive to enlarge the capacity of a file or the converter Output installed output reactor. 6) For the application of some special occasions, such as high temperatures, high altitude, at this time would cause the down converter capacity, the drive to enlarge the capacity of a block.

建筑类外文文献及中文翻译

forced concrete structure reinforced with an overviewRein Since the reform and opening up, with the national economy's rapid and sustained development of a reinforced concrete structure built, reinforced with the development of technology has been great. Therefore, to promote the use of advanced technology reinforced connecting to improve project quality and speed up the pace of construction, improve labor productivity, reduce costs, and is of great significance. Reinforced steel bars connecting technologies can be divided into two broad categories linking welding machinery and steel. There are six types of welding steel welding methods, and some apply to the prefabricated plant, and some apply to the construction site, some of both apply. There are three types of machinery commonly used reinforcement linking method primarily applicable to the construction site. Ways has its own characteristics and different application, and in the continuous development and improvement. In actual production, should be based on specific conditions of work, working environment and technical requirements, the choice of suitable methods to achieve the best overall efficiency. 1、steel mechanical link 1.1 radial squeeze link Will be a steel sleeve in two sets to the highly-reinforced Department with superhigh pressure hydraulic equipment (squeeze tongs) along steel sleeve radial squeeze steel casing, in squeezing out tongs squeeze pressure role of a steel sleeve plasticity deformation closely integrated with reinforced through reinforced steel sleeve and Wang Liang's Position will be two solid steel bars linked Characteristic: Connect intensity to be high, performance reliable, can bear high stress draw and pigeonhole the load and tired load repeatedly.

建筑学毕业专业外文翻译文献doc资料

本科毕业设计（外文翻译）题目居住区交往空间规划与设计院（系部）xxx学院专业名称xx 年级班级xx 学生姓名xx 指导教师xx xx 年xx 月x 日 Planning and Design of Association Space of residential District

Xia dong liang 【Abstract】:The association space refers to the indoor and outdoor space for communication between residents.The article presents an overall discussion of the necessity，hierarchy and functionality of association space,with a wish to create positive and healthy association atmosphere and stimulate good communication among residents so that the residential area can become a homeland full of love and harmony．【Keyword】:residential area；association space；necessity；hierarchy；Functionality 【Foreword】：As the housing system reform and the rapid development of real estate, urban residential areas large urban settlements have emerged on the layout of residential buildings, public buildings, public green space, life and living facilities such as roads, to provide urban residents live in the community and The establishment, is an integral part of the city. Exchanges between the living room area residents is to communicate and exchange of indoor and outdoor space. At this stage, people's living standards greatly improved the living environment of continuous improvement district. Developers should not only focus on residential construction and the reasonable comfort, paying greater attention to the construction of residential environment. However, the current environment in the construction of residential areas, they are often the natural ecology of greening the environment is much more to consider, and the promotion of exchanges between the residents of the space environment to consider less, environmental construction can not meet the occupants of the psychological characteristics and needs. From the basic physiological needs gradually to meet the psychological and cultural fields of promoting a higher level, the residential area is not only the function of living, but also people's thinking and feelings of the local exchange. Therefore, the strengthening of exchanges between the residential areas of space construction, increase residential neighbourhood affinity, should be developed in the planning and construction of residential areas should also consider the issue. How to conduct exchanges between the residential areas of space planning and design, improve people's quality of life, the author of his own real estate development

外文翻译-恒压供水变频器

Constant pressure water supply frequency changer The transistor frequency changer not only overcame has formerly exchanged velocity modulation many shortcomings, moreover the velocity modulation performance might compare favorably with the direct current motor velocity modulation performance. The three-phase asynchronous motor has the service to be convenient, merit and so on price small advantage, power and rotational speed adapt breadth, its frequency conversion velocity modulation technology in the miniaturization, the low cost and the redundant reliable aspect holds the obvious superiority. To the end of the 80's, the alternating current machine frequency conversion velocity modulation technology rapidly develops into a mature technology, it will supply the alternating current machine the labor frequency alternating current supply to turn direct current after the diode rectification, again by component and so on IGBT or GTR module counter will turn the alternating current supply which the frequency might move, will drive the electrical machinery by this power source to move under the speed change condition, and automatic suitable strain load condition. After it changed in the traditional industry the electrical machinery to start only can by the rated power, decide the rotational speed the sole movement way, thus achieved the energy conservation goal. The modern frequency conversion velocity modulation technology applies in the electric power water pump water supply system. Because the frequency conversion velocity modulation has the velocity modula -tion the physical characteristics well, efficiency high, velocity modulation scope -wide, precision high, adjusting character curve smooth, may continual realize, the steady velocity modulation, the volume small, the maintenance simple is conven -ient, the automated level higher a series of prominent merits but time people's favor. When it applies especially in the air blower, the water pump and so on the large capacity load, may obtain the energy conservation effect which other velocity modulation ways is unable to compare. The frequency conversion velocity modulation system main equipment is provides the frequency conversion power source the frequency changer, the frequency changer may divide into exchange - direct current - to exchange the frequency changer and the exchange - exchan

工程管理专业毕业设计外文翻译(外文+翻译)

Study on Project Cost Control of Construction Enterprises By: R. Max Wideman Abstract With the increasing maturity of construction market, the competition between construction enterprises is becoming fierce. The project profit is gradually decreasing. It demands that all construction enterprises enhance their cost control, lower costs, improve management efficiency and gain maximal profits. This paper analyses the existing problems on project cost control of Chinese construction enterprises, and proposes some suggestions to improve project cost control system. Key Words ：Construction enterprises, Project management, Cost control After joining the WTO, with Chinese construction market becoming integrated, the competition among architectural enterprises is turning more intense. Construction enterprises must continually enhance the overall competitiveness if they want to develop further at home and abroad construction market. Construction Enterprises basically adopt the "project management-centered" model, therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen project cost control. 1.The Current Domestic Project Cost Classification and Control Methods Cost refers to the consumption from producing and selling of certain products, with the performance of various monetary standing for materialized labor and labor-consuming. Direct and indirect costs constitute the total cost, also known as production cost or manufacturing cost. Enterprise product cost is the comprehensive indicator to measure enterprise quality of all aspects. It is not only the fund compensation scale, but also the basis to examine the implementation of cost plan. Besides, it can provide reference for product pricing According to the above-mentioned definition and current domestic cost classification, construction project cost can be divided into direct costs and indirect costs. Direct costs include material cost, personnel cost, construction machinery cost, material transportation cost, temporarily facility cost, engineering cost and other direct cost. Indirect costs mainly result from project management and company's cost-sharing, covering project operating costs (covering the commission of foreign projects), project's management costs (including exchange losses of

建筑学专业毕业设计方案外文翻译二44

毕业设计英文资料翻译 Tran slati on ofthe En glish Docume nts for Graduati on Desig n 课题名称_____________________________________ 院< 系）_____________________________________ 专业 _____________________________________ 姓名 _____________________________________ 学号 _____________________________________ 起讫日期 _____________________________________ 指导教师 _____________________________________ 2018 年2月25日原文: Abstract：Gree n buildi ng refers to do its best to maximize con servati on of resources (en ergy, land, water, and wood> , protecti ng the environment and reduce polluti on in its life cycle. Provide people with healthy, appropriate and efficient use of space, and nature in harmony symbiosis buildings. Idescribed more details of green building design ' notion, green building ' design, as well as the sig ni fica nee of the con

毕业设计--基于PLC的变频调速恒压供水系统(含外文翻译)

毕业设计--基于PLC的变频调速恒压供水系统（含外文翻译）山东科技大学学士学位论文摘要摘要本论文根据中国城市小区的供水要求，设计了一套基于PLC的变频调速恒压供水系统, 并利用组态软件开发良好的运行管理界面。变频恒压供水系统由可编程控制器、变频器、水泵机组、压力传感器、工控机等构成。本系统包含三台水泵电机，它们组成变频循环运行方式。采用变频器实现对三相水泵电机的软启动和变频调速，运行切换采用“先启先停”的原则。压力传感器检测当前水压信号，送入PLC与设定值比较后进行PID运算，从而控制变频器的输出电压和频率，进而改变水泵电机的转速来改变供水量，最终保持管网压力稳定在设定值附近。通过工控机与PLC的连接，采用组态软件完成系统监控，实现了运行状态动态显示及数据、报警的查询。关键词:变频调速，恒压供水，PLC，组态软件山东科技大学学士学位论文 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT According to the requirement of China's urban water supply, this paper designs a set of water supply system of frequecey control of constant voltage based on PLC, and have developed good operation management interface using Supervision Control and Data Acquisition.The system is made up of PLC, transducer,units of pumps,pressure sensor and control machine and so on.

土木工程专业外文文献及翻译

（二〇一二年六月外文文献及翻译题目： About Buiding on the Structure Design 学生姓名：学院：土木工程学院系别：建筑工程系专业：土木工程(建筑工程方向) 班级：土木08-4班指导教师：

英文原文： Building construction concrete crack of prevention and processing Abstract The crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concrete engineering, and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention, processing measure. Keyword:Concrete crack prevention processing Foreword Concrete's ising 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone, cement, water and other mixture but formation of the in addition material of quality brittleness not and all material.Because the concrete construction transform with oneself, control etc. a series problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole, spirit cave and tiny crack, is exactly because these beginning start blemish of existence just make the concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of quality.The tiny crack is a kind of harmless crack and accept concrete heavy, defend Shen and a little bit other use function not a creation to endanger.But after the concrete be subjected to lotus carry, difference in temperature etc. function, tiny crack would continuously of expand with connect, end formation we can see without the

建筑学外文翻译外文文献英文文献绿色建筑

原文： DOCTORAL FORUM NA TIONAL JOURNAL FOR PUBLISHING AND MENTORING DOCTORAL STUDENT RESEARCH VOLUME 7, NUMBER 1, 2010 Green buildings Priscilla D. Johnson PhD Student in Educational Leadership Whitlowe R. Green College of Education Prairie View A&M University Prairie View, Texas William Allan Kritsonis, PhD Professor and Faculty Mentor PhD Program in Educational Leadership Whitlowe R. Green College of Education Prairie View A&M University Member of the Texas A&M University System Prairie View, Texas Hall of Honor (2008) William H. Parker Leadership Academy, Graduate School Prairie View A&M University Member of the Texas A&M University System Prairie View, Texas Visiting Lecturer (2005) Oxford Round Table University of Oxford Oxford, England Distinguished Alumnus (2004) College of Education and Professional Studies Central Washington University Ellensberg, Washington Abstract: Green building refers to do its best to maximize conservation of resources (energy, land, water, and wood)，protecting the environment and reduce pollution in its life cycle. Provide people with healthy, appropriate and efficient use of space, and nature in harmony symbiosis buildings. I described more details of green building design’notion, green building’design, as well as the significance of the concept of green building and improve the effectiveness analysis of

建筑外文文献及翻译

外文原文 Study on Human Resource Allocation in Multi-Project Based on the Priority and the Cost of Projects Lin Jingjing , Zhou Guohua SchoolofEconomics and management, Southwest Jiao tong University ,610031 ,China Abstract----This paper put forward the a ffecting factors of project’s priority. which is introduced into a multi-objective optimization model for human resource allocation in multi-project environment . The objectives of the model were the minimum cost loss due to the delay of the time limit of the projects and the minimum delay of the project with the highest priority .Then a Genetic Algorithm to solve the model was introduced. Finally, a numerical example was used to testify the feasibility of the model and the algorithm. Index Terms—Genetic Algorithm, Human Resource Allocation, Multi-project’s project’s priority . 1.INTRODUCTION More and more enterprises are facing the challenge of multi-project management, which has been the focus among researches on project management. In multi-project environment ,the share are competition of resources such as capital , time and human resources often occur .Therefore , it’s critical to schedule projects in order to satisfy the different resource demands and to shorten the projects’ duration time with resources constrained ,as in [1].For many enterprises ,the human resources are the most precious asset .So enterprises should reasonably and effectively allocate each resource , especially the human resource ,in order to shorten the time and cost of projects and to increase the benefits .Some literatures have

土木工程岩土类毕业设计外文翻译

学号： 10447425 X X 大学毕业设计（论文）外文翻译（2014届）外文题目 Developments in excavation bracing systems 译文题目开挖工程支撑体系的发展外文出处 Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 31 (2012) 107–116 学生 XXX 学院 XXXX 专业班级 XXXXX 校内指导教师 XXX 专业技术职务 XXXXX 校外指导老师专业技术职务二○一三年十二月

开挖工程支撑体系的发展 1.引言几乎所有土木工程建设项目（如建筑物，道路，隧道，桥梁，污水处理厂，管道，下水道）都涉及泥土挖掘的一些工程量。往往由于由相邻的结构，特性线，或使用权空间的限制，必须要一个土地固定系统，以允许土壤被挖掘到所需的深度。历史上，许多挖掘支撑系统已经开发出来。其中，现在比较常见的几种方法是：板桩，钻孔桩墙，泥浆墙。土地固定系统的选择是由技术性能要求和施工可行性（例如手段，方法）决定的，包括执行的可靠性，而成本考虑了这些之后，其他问题也得到解决。通常环境后果（用于处理废泥浆和钻井液如监管要求）也非常被关注（邱阳、1998）。土地固定系统通常是建设项目的较大的一个组成部分。如果不能按时完成项目，将极大地影响总成本。通常首先建造支撑，在许多情况下，临时支撑系统是用于支持在挖掘以允许进行不断施工，直到永久系统被构造。临时系统可以被去除或留在原处。打桩时，因撞击或振动它们可能会被赶入到位。在一般情况下，振动是最昂贵的方法，但只适合于松散颗粒材料，土壤中具有较高电阻（例如，通过鹅卵石）的不能使用。采用打入桩系统通常是中间的成本和适合于软沉积物（包括粘性和非粘性），只要该矿床是免费的鹅卵石或更大的岩石。通常，垂直元素（例如桩）的前安装挖掘工程和水平元件（如内部支撑或绑回）被安装为挖掘工程的进行下去，从而限制了跨距长度，以便减少在垂直开发弯矩元素。在填充情况下，桩可先设置，从在斜坡的底部其嵌入悬挑起来，安装作为填充进步水平元素（如搭背或土钉）。如果滞后是用来保持垂直元素之间的土壤中，它被安装为挖掘工程的进行下去，或之前以填补位置。吉尔- 马丁等人（2010）提供了一个数值计算程序，以获取圆形桩承受轴向载荷和统一标志（如悬臂桩）的单轴弯矩的最佳纵筋。他们开发的两种优化流程：用一个或两个直径为纵向钢筋。优化增强模式允许大量减少的设计要求钢筋的用量，这些减少纵向钢筋可达到50％相对传统的，均匀分布的加固方案。加固桩集中纵向钢筋最佳的位置在受拉区。除了节约钢筋，所述非对称加强钢筋图案提高抗弯刚度，通过增加转动惯量的转化部分的时刻。这种增加的刚性可能会在一段时间内增加的变形与蠕变相关的费用。评估相对于传统的非对称加强桩的优点，对称，钢筋桩被服务的条件下全面测试来完成的，这种试验是为了验证结构的可行性和取得的变形的原位测量。基于现场试验中，用于优化的加强图案的优点浇铸钻出孔（CIDH）在巴塞罗那的几个非对称加强桩的施工过程中观察到混凝土桩沿与测得的变形的结果在常规和描述优化桩。实验证据表明，非对称地增强桩变形比观察到在常规增强那些小。两桩类型（对称和非对称）具有相同的直径，并设计为抵抗基于极限强度设计相同的弯曲力矩;离散杆的尺寸和使用的条全数字的，导致类似的名义抗弯强度。