非谓语动词时态和语态的结构
非谓语动词非谓语形式(详细)
动词非谓语形式一．基本概念：顾名思义，不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词，有to do （动词不定式） / -ing （现在分词 / 动名词） / -ed （过去分词）三个形式。
由于他们不受主语人称和数的限制，故也称为"非限定动词"。
（学习中不要刻意去区分现在分词和动名词）二．非谓语动词的时态和语态意义：英语中动词有两大基本特征：时态和语态的变化。
非谓语动词也是动词，当然也具备动词的这两大特征。
1. 时态概念：非谓语动词只有"过去、现在和将来"三个时间概念，他与谓语动词时态的区别是：谓语动词表示的是实际时间概念，如I am learning English.是指讲话的时候或那段时间里"我正在学英语"。
而非谓语动词的"过去、现在和将来"是指相对于谓语动词而言的"过去、现在和将来"，即先于谓语动词的行为或状态称为"过去时"，与谓语动词的行为或状态发生在同一时间（段）的称为"现在时"，而发生在谓语动词的行为或状态之后的称为"将来时"。
这个时间概念对于后面要讲的非谓语动词的句法功能是非常重要的。
2. 语态概念：与谓语动词一样，非谓语动词也有主动语态和被动语态之分。
也就是要记住四句话：(1) 表示将来时；(2) 表示现在时；(3) 表示过去时（一定是被动的）(4) 动词不定式的完成时表示过去时非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念是理解非谓语动词句法功能、应试判题和翻译的基础。
请你判断一下，下面句子中的非谓语动词是什么时态和语态：Your duty is to look after the sick child. (你的责任是照料这个病孩。
将来/ 主动)The sick child needs to be looked after by a special person. (这个病孩需要专人照顾。
非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语成分，通常以动词原形或动词的其他非限定形式呈现的动词。
非谓语动词的时态和语态主要根据上下文确定，本文将详细介绍非谓语动词的时态和语态的使用。
一、非谓语动词的时态1. 不定式：不定式作为非谓语动词形式，不受时态的限制，通常表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如：- To understand English well, one must practice every day.（为了能够很好地理解英语，人们必须每天练习。
）- I forgot to buy milk on the way home.（我从没想到，在回家的路上忘了买牛奶。
）2. 现在分词：现在分词作为非谓语动词形式，通常表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或一般性的动作。
例如：- Walking along the street, I noticed a small cafe.（在街上走的时候，我注意到了一家小咖啡馆。
）- The teacher was talking to the students, explaining the new lesson.（老师正在和学生们谈话，解释新的课程。
）3. 过去分词：过去分词作为非谓语动词形式，通常表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成的动作。
例如：- Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play.（孩子做完作业后，出去玩了。
）- The injured man was taken to the hospital, accompanied by his family.（受伤的人被他的家人陪同着送到了医院。
）二、非谓语动词的语态非谓语动词的语态主要包括主动语态和被动语态，具体如下：1. 不定式的语态：不定式的语态通常与主句的语态保持一致。
例如：- She wants to be promoted.（她想要升职。
系统学习语法非谓语动词的时态与语态变化
系统学习语法非谓语动词的时态与语态变化语法非谓语动词是英语中的一个重要语法点，其时态与语态的变化是我们学习英语的基础。
本文将系统介绍语法非谓语动词的时态变化和语态变化，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和运用这一语法知识点。
一、时态变化1. 现在分词（Present Participle）的时态变化现在分词表示正在进行或同时发生的动作，其时态的变化相对简单，即在动词的原形（V1）后加-ing。
例如：- 我现在在读书。
I am reading now.2. 过去分词（Past Participle）的时态变化过去分词表示已经完成的动作或状态，其时态的变化需要根据不同的情况来判断。
- 若是规则动词，则在动词的原形（V1）后加-ed。
例如：- 我昨天洗了衣服。
I washed the clothes yesterday.- 若是不规则动词，则需要根据动词的不规则变化形式进行变化。
例如：- 我吃了晚饭。
I have eaten dinner.3. 动词不定式（Infinitive）的时态变化动词不定式表示目的或未来的动作，其时态的变化相对简单，即在动词的原形（V1）前加to。
例如：- 我打算明天去购物。
I plan to go shopping tomorrow.二、语态变化语态是英语中的一个重要语法点，包括主动语态和被动语态。
在非谓语动词中，语态的变化需要根据时态来确定。
1. 主动语态（Active Voice）的语态变化主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，变化相对简单，即保持非谓语动词的原形形式。
例如：- 我正在听音乐。
I am listening to music.2. 被动语态（Passive Voice）的语态变化被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，变化需要根据不同的时态来确定。
- 现在分词的被动语态变化为：be + being + 过去分词例如：- 她正在被教授指导。
She is being taught by the professor.- 过去分词的被动语态变化为：be + 过去分词例如：- 他被邀请参加宴会。
非谓语动词时态和语态的结构及短语
非谓语动词时态和语态的结构1. 不定式有哪些时态和语态呢？主动被动一般时to do to be done进行时to be doing 无完成时to have done to have been done 完成进行式to have been doing 无2. 动名词的时态和语态主动被动一般时doing being done完成时having done having been done 3. 分词的时态和语态主动被动现在分词一般时doing being done现在分词完成时having done having been done 过去分词无done中考英语非谓语动词总结一．接动词不定式（to do/ do sth）1. do nothing but do sth除了做某事外不做任何事2. be supposed to do sth应该做某事；被期望干某事3. Let's (not ) do sth4.want to do sth5.want sb to do sth7.ask sb (not ) to do sth8.stop to do sth停下来去做某事9.tell sb (not ) to do sth10.watch sb do sth观察某人做某事11.It's time (for sb) to do sth到了该去做某事的时间12.help sb (to ) do sth13.help do sth14.make sb do sth15.decide (not ) to do sth决定做某事16.find it +adj + to do sth17.have to do sth必须做某事18.try (not ) to do sth尽力做某事19.try one's best to do sth尽某人最大能力做某事20.It's +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth21.plan to do sth计划去做某事22.S.p.+be a good place to do sth23.It takes sb +some time + to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间24.send sb to do sth派某人做某事25.invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事26.forget to do sth忘记要去做某事27.live to be +时间活到…28.be able to do sth能够做某事29.have sth to do 有事要做30.seem to do sth似乎做；好像31.get sb /sth to do sth32.疑问词+ to do sth33.need sth to do sth需要……做某事e sth to do sth用某物来做某事35.follow sb to dosth跟随某人做某事36.need to do sth需要做某事37.a good time to do sth做某事的好时候38.the best time to do sth 做某事的最好时间39.the best way to do sth做某事最好的方法40.be the first / last one to do sth最后一个或者第一个(人或事吧)去做某事41.would like to do sth想要做某事42.be excited /surprised to do sth对做某事感到兴奋43.be useful to do sth有助于做某事44.be allowed to do sth被允许做某事45.allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事46.It's better to do sth干某事比较好47.It's best to do sth48.take care (not) to do sth小心(不要)做某事49.see sb do sth看见某人做了某事50.why not do sth ?51.have enough time to do sth有足够的时间干某事52.too…to do sth太…以至于不能53.not…enough to do sth 不-----足够做某事54.encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事55.choose to do sth选择做某事56.wait to do sth等着做某事57.be happy/glad/pleased to do sth高兴做某事58.make it +adj + to do sth59.be careful to do sth小心做某事60.be afraid to do sth害怕去做某事61.It's our duty to do sth做某事是我们的责任ed to do sth过去常做某事63.can't afford to do sth不能担负起干某事64.make a decision to do sth决定做某事65.have an opportunity to do sth有做某事的机会66.wait for sb to do sth等待某人做某事67.would do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事不愿做某事68.would rather do sth than do sth宁愿做某事不愿做某事69.hurry to do sth匆忙去做某事70.refuse to do sth拒绝干某事71.agree to do sth同意干某事72.pretend to do sth假装做某事73.pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事74.prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事75.prefer not to do sth76.prefer to do sth raher than do sth77.be willing to do sth乐意去做某事78.volunteer +时间/ 钱+ to do sth79.volunteer to do sth自愿去做某事80.offer to do sth提出要做…81.rush to do sth赶着做某事82.in order (not ) to do sth为了做某事83.be certain to do sth一定做…84.be sure to do sth一定会做某事85.make plans to do sth制定计划做某事86.go out of one’s way to do sth特别费心地（为某人）做某事87.lead sb to do sth致使某人做某事88. warn sb to do sth警告某人做某事89.It's one's turn to do sth该轮到某人做某事90.urge sb to do sth敦促某人做某事91.Could /Would you please (not) do sth ? 请你（不要）做某事好吗？92.it is great fun to do sth做…很有趣二、接动名词（doing sth）1.like doing sth3.have great fun doing sth做…玩得很高兴4.be interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣5.Thanks for doing sth感谢某人做某事6.look at sb doing sth看到某人做某事7.stop sb doing sth阻止某人做某事8.stop sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事9.go + v-ing10.do the (some )+v-ing11.What/How doing sth ?12.practice doing sth练习做某事13.watch sb doing sth观察某人正在做某事14.find sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事15.mind (one's ) doing sth介意（某人）做某事。
非谓语动词的时态和语态
注意①动名词的复合结构就是在动名词前加上它的逻辑主语。
其形式为：名词所有格/普通格/人称代词宾格/形容词性物主代词＋动名词。
His not coming to my birthday party made me a little anxious.他没来我的生日聚会使我有点担心。
I remember Jane's/Jane going there.我记得简去过那里。
②过去分词本身表被动完成，所以没有主动语态和被动语态之分。
③非谓语动词的否定式是在非谓语动词前加not。
2.作结果状语动词不定式作结果状语，其逻辑主语通常亦是全句的主语。
常在so/such ...as to, enough to ...，only to ...以及too ...to ...等结构中表示结果。
He hurried to the station only to find the train had already left.他匆忙赶到车站，发现火车已经离开。
3.作原因状语不定式作状语表示原因，往往用在表示情感或态度的形容词后。
She was glad to hear the news that she had passed the driving test.听到她通过驾照考试的消息后，她很高兴。
4.作条件状语不定式作状语表条件，可改成相对应的条件状语从句。
To turn to the left(＝If you turn to the left), you could find a big park.向左拐，你会发现一个大公园他们的车被困在了拥挤的交通中，因此耽搁了。
(6)表示方式或伴随情况，翻译时一般译成并列复合句。
He made the boy sit there, promising he would not hurt him.他让男孩坐在那，答应不伤害他。
The professor came into the classroom，followed by some students.教授走进教室，几个学生跟在后面。
非谓语动词-动词不定式
作宾补 在动词后用不定式作宾补。
1. 大多数及物动词后要用不定式作宾补。这类的动词： ask, want, invite, help, expect, prefer, tell, allow, advise, require等 (及物动词+sb.+to do sth)
She wants Tom to tell her truth. 她想让Tom告诉她真相。
2. 如果表语形容词是说明逻辑主语的性格特征，则用of sb. 常用的 形容词有：good, kind, nice, wise, clever, silly, foolish, rude, (im)polite等。 It is very nice of you to help us. 你来帮助我们真是太好了。 It is impolite of him to say so. 他这样说是不礼貌的。
居里夫人是世界上第一位两次获诺贝尔奖的人。
Betty was the last to know the truth. Betty是最后一个知道这真相的人。
作定语 3. 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有 动宾关系。 注：不定式必须是及物动词（后面不 再有宾语）；如果不定式是不及物动 词，则后面要跟相应的介词。
I'm glad to see you.
我很高兴听见这件事。
很高兴见到你。
The book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。
The word is easy to remember. 这个单词很容易记。
The sofa is comfortable to sit on. 这个沙发坐起来很舒服 。
• 非谓语动词的否定式：把not放在非谓语动词之前
非谓语动词-基本形式及例句
状语：不定式、现在分词、过去分词 不定式只做目的状语和意外结果状语 目的状语，可位于句首和句末；
I hurried to the station only to find that the train
had lefபைடு நூலகம்.
only to be told
做意外结果状语只能位于句末
非谓语动词作状语是状语从句的省略 If I’m not tired from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. If not tired from work, I will------. When you are crossing the street, you should be careful. When crossing the street, you should ------. Because the postman were bitten twice, he refused to deliver our letters unless we chainded our dog. Bitten twice, the postman refused to -----. After he had been told many times, he finally understood it. Having been told many times, he finally ------.
A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city and killed all four people on board. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board.
(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。
七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s usel ess doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。
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非谓语动词时态和语态的结构1. 不定式有哪些时态和语态呢？主动被动一般时 to do to be done进行时 to be doing 无完成时 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 无2. 动名词的时态和语态主动被动一般时 doing being done完成时 having done having been done 3. 分词的时态和语态主动被动现在分词一般时 doing being done现在分词完成时 having done having been done 过去分词无 done中考英语非谓语动词总结一．接动词不定式（ to do/ do sth）1. do nothing but do sth除了做某事外不做任何事2. be supposed to do sth应该做某事；被期望干某事3. Let's (not ) do sth4.want to do sth5.want sb to do sth7.ask sb (not ) to do sth8.stop to do sth停下来去做某事9.tell sb (not ) to do sth10.watch sb do sth观察某人做某事11.It's time (for sb) to do sth到了该去做某事的时间12.help sb (to ) do sth13.help do sth14.make sb do sth15.decide (not ) to do sth决定做某事16.find it +adj + to do sth17.have to do sth必须做某事18.try (not ) to do sth尽力做某事19.try one's best to do sth尽某人最大能力做某事20.It's +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth21.plan to do sth计划去做某事22.S.p.+be a good place to do sth23.It takes sb +some time + to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间24.send sb to do sth派某人做某事25.invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事26.forget to do sth忘记要去做某事27.live to be +时间活到…28.be able to do sth能够做某事29.have sth to do 有事要做30.seem to do sth似乎做；好像31.get sb /sth to do sth32.疑问词+ to do sth33.need sth to do sth需要……做某事e sth to do sth用某物来做某事35.follow sb to dosth跟随某人做某事36.need to do sth需要做某事37.a good time to do sth做某事的好时候38.the best time to do sth 做某事的最好时间39.the best way to do sth做某事最好的方法40.be the first / last one to do sth最后一个或者第一个(人或事吧)去做某事41.would like to do sth想要做某事42.be excited /surprised to do sth对做某事感到兴奋43.be useful to do sth有助于做某事44.be allowed to do sth被允许做某事45.allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事46.It's better to do sth干某事比较好47.It's best to do sth48.take care (not) to do sth小心(不要)做某事49.see sb do sth看见某人做了某事50.why not do sth ?51.have enough time to do sth有足够的时间干某事52.too… to do sth太…以至于不能53.not… enough to do sth 不-----足够做某事54.encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事55.choose to do sth选择做某事56.wait to do sth等着做某事57.be happy/glad/pleased to do sth高兴做某事58.make it +adj + to do sth59.be careful to do sth小心做某事60.be afraid to do sth害怕去做某事61.It's our duty to do sth做某事是我们的责任ed to do sth过去常做某事63.can't afford to do sth不能担负起干某事64.make a decision to do sth决定做某事65.have an opportunity to do sth有做某事的机会66.wait for sb to do sth等待某人做某事67.would do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事不愿做某事68.would rather do sth than do sth宁愿做某事不愿做某事69.hurry to do sth匆忙去做某事70.refuse to do sth拒绝干某事71.agree to do sth同意干某事72.pretend to do sth假装做某事73.pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事74.prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事75.prefer not to do sth76.prefer to do sth raher than do sth77.be willing to do sth乐意去做某事78.volunteer +时间/ 钱 + to do sth79.volunteer to do sth自愿去做某事80.offer to do sth提出要做…81.rush to do sth赶着做某事82.in order (not ) to do sth为了做某事83.be certain to do sth一定做…84.be sure to do sth一定会做某事85.make plans to do sth制定计划做某事86.go out of one’s way to do sth特别费心地（为某人）做某事87.lead sb to do sth致使某人做某事88. warn sb to do sth警告某人做某事89.It's one's turn to do sth该轮到某人做某事90.urge sb to do sth敦促某人做某事91.Could /Would you please (not) do sth ? 请你（不要）做某事好吗？92.it is great fun to do sth做…很有趣二、接动名词（doing sth）1.like doing sth2.enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事3.have great fun doing sth做…玩得很高兴4.be interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣5.Thanks for doing sth感谢某人做某事6.look at sb doing sth看到某人做某事7.stop sb doing sth阻止某人做某事8.stop sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事9.go + v-ing10.do the (some )+v-ing11.What/How doing sth ?12.practice doing sth练习做某事13.watch sb doing sth观察某人正在做某事14.find sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事15.mind (one's ) doing sth介意（某人）做某事。
16.can't stand doing sth不能忍受做某事17.think about doing sth考虑做某事18.spend … (in)doing sth花费…做某事19.finish doing sth完成做某事20.be busy doing sth忙着做某事21.keep doing sth继续作某事22.keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事23.keep sb doing sth使某人不停地做某事24.be good at doing sth擅长做某事25.hate doing sth不愿做某事26.There be +名词+doing sth27.make a living by doing sth做某事谋生28.have a difficult/hard time doing sth做某事有困难29.feel like doing sth想要或喜欢做某事30.allow doing sth允许做某事31.see sb doing sth看到某人正做某事32.by doing sth33.end up doing sth；终止做某事34.do a survey about doing sth35.be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事36.be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事37.be terrified of doing sth害怕做某事38.give up doing sth放弃做某事39.instead of doing sth而不是做某事40.make a contribution to doing sth为某事或做某事贡献一份力量41.be serious about doing sth认真的做某事、严肃地对待某事42. have a chance of doing sth./to do sth.：有可能做某事43.it’s bad manners to do sth做某事是不礼貌的44.start doing sth开始做某事45.have a lot of experience doing sth在……方面有很多经验46.prefer doing sth更喜欢做某事47.consider doing sth考虑某事48.dream of / about doing sth梦想做什么49.continue doing sth继续做某事50.put off doing sth推迟做某事51.be used for doing sth =be used to do sth被用来做某事52.prefer doing sth to doing sth宁愿（做）…而不（做）…53.without doing sth没有做某事；没做某事55.can't stop/help doing sth禁不住做某事；忍不住去做某事56.look forward to doing sth盼望着做某事；期盼做某事57.be against doing sth反对做某事58.have trouble/problems/difficulty (in) doing sth59.suggest doing sth建议做某事60.be busy doing sth61.be worth doing sth 值得做某事62.stick to doing sth坚持做某事[短语、词组归纳]由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。