专题15 特殊句式-2017年中考英语考点总动员系列(解析版)

专题15 特殊句式-2017年中考英语考点总动员系列(解析版)
专题15 特殊句式-2017年中考英语考点总动员系列(解析版)

考点十五特殊句式

英语特殊句式大致包括倒装,感叹句,there be句型和反义疑问句三大类。倒装句分为部分倒装及全部倒装。

倒装句即将主语与助动词倒置,其结构与一般疑问句大致相同。英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有:

部分倒装

1. 含否定意义的词(如never, hardly, seldom, little, f ew, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means等)置于句首时,其后用部分倒装。如:

Hardly had she begun speaking when there was a knock on the door. 她刚开始说话就听到了敲门声。

Little do we know his life. 我们对他的生活了解得很少。

By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。

2. only加状语(副词/介词短语/从句)放在句首时,其后用部分倒装。如:Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时他才知道出了什么事。

3. so (neither, nor)表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用“so (neither, nor) + 助动词+ 主语”这样的倒装句式。如:

He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌,我也会。He didn't see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影,我也没有看。She is very beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很漂亮,她妈妈年轻时也很漂亮。

4. 当虚拟条件句含有were, should, had时,可省略if, 将were,should, had置干句首。如:

Were I Tom(= If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我就会拒绝。Had I realized that(= If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了这一点,我可能会采取某种行动。

5. so... that结构中,将SO + adj. (adv. )置于句首时,其后要用倒装语序。如:

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好待在家里。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法想象它的速度。

完全倒装

即将谓语移到主语前。英语中构成完全倒装的情形主要有:

1. 以here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头的句子,且句子主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装。如:Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。

Now comes your turn. 现在该你了。

Then came a new difficulty. 然后又产生了一个新的困难。(1).肯定的祈使句

C lose the door. 关上门

Be quiet, please! 请安静!

(2)有时为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加上do,表示“务必,一定”

Do come on time.一定要按时来

Do look out! 一下要小心!

感叹句

感叹句是用为表达人的特殊情感的句子,可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。感叹句常由what或how引导,句末常用感叹号。

1.What引导的感叹句

(1)what+ a(n)+形容词+可数名词的单数(+其他)!

What a beautiful girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀!

(2)what+形容词+可数名词复数(+其他)

what important jobs they have done! 他们做了多么重要的工作呀!

(3)what+形容词+不可数名字(+其他)

what fine weather it is! 多好的天气呀!

2.How引导的感叹句

(1)how+形容词或副词(+其他)

How interesting the dog is ! 多么有趣的狗呀!

(2)how+形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数(+其他)!

How useful a subject they are learning! 他们正在学的科目多么有用呀!

(4)how+ 主语+谓语(+其他)

How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!

3. 有时一个陈述句、疑问句、祈使句,甚至一个词或词组,都可以成为感叹句来表示强烈的感情,这时句末用感叹号。

They are so hardworking! 他们真勤劳!

Have you heard of such a thing! 你听说过这样的事吗?

Stop talking! 不要说了!

Wonderful! 好极了!

Good idea! 好主意!

1) what a/an;是不可数名词或可数名词复数,只用

what。

2a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s等乱七八糟的东西,想都不用想,直接用how就OK了。如:

例句1:What a boy he is! 他是个多么好的男孩啊!

/ \

单数名词

例句2:What boys they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊!

/ \

复数名词

例句3:What weather it is! 多么冷的天气啊!

/ \

不可数名词

例句4:How the boy is! 这男孩多好啊!

/ \

形容词乱糟糟

★★★若没有形容词,而出现副词或是句子,直接用how.

例:How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他弹得多好啊!

/

副词(what不可以修饰副词,看到副词直接用how)

How time flies!

How fast Liu Xiang runs

打油诗一首: 感叹句往后看

就用what a或what an

形后若是不可数或名复数

只用what就可以

形容词后乱糟糟

只写how就OK了

反意疑问句

反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后,对所陈述的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。附加问句部分要与前面的陈述部分用逗号分隔开,句末用问号。如果陈述部分是肯定结构,附加问句部分就用否定结构,反之亦然。

反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成,第一部分提出一种看法,第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。

陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致,而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反,即陈述部分为肯定式时,疑问部分用否定式,陈述部分为否定式时,疑问部分用肯定式:He likes English, doesn’t he? 他喜欢英语,是吗?

He doesn’t like English, does he? 他不喜欢英语,是吗?

【注】

1. 若陈述部分含有hardly, never, few, nothing ,little,nobody,seldom等否定词或半否定词,其疑问部分要用肯定式:

He has few friends here, has he? 他在这儿几乎没什么朋友,是吗?She said nothing, did she? 她什么也没说,是不是?

2. 若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词,疑问部分仍用否定式:It is unfair, isn’t it? 这不公平,不是吗?

It is impossible, isn’t it? 那是不可能的,是吗?

3. 当陈述部分为为there be句型时,疑问部分仍用there作“主语”:There was nothing in the room, was there? 房间里什么也没有,是吗?

4. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词(this ,that ,these ,those)时,疑问部分用it, they等代词:

That is a new car, isn’t it? 这是一辆新汽车,是吗?

5.当陈述部分的主语是复合不定代词时,若陈述部分的主语为somebody, someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody等复合不定代词,其反意疑问句的主语在正式文体中用he,在口语或非正式文体中通常用they:Nobody was late, were they? 没有一个人迟到,是吗?

6.当陈述部分的主语是something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语要用it:

Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了吗?Nothing is important, is it? 没有什么重要的,不是吗?

二、含情态动词的反意疑问句

1. 基本原则:在通常情况下,当陈述部分含有情态动词时,疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词:

He can speak English, can’t he?他会说英语,是吗?We shouldn’t go, should we? 我们不应该去,对不对?

2. 当陈述部分含有must时,要分两种情况:

①若must表示“必须”或“有必要”,疑问部分用mustn’t 或needn’t:

You must leave at once, mustn’t [needn’t] you? 你必须(有必要)马上离开,是吗?

但是若陈述部分有mustn’t表示禁止,疑问部分要must:You mus tn’t laugh, must you? 你不准笑,知道吗?

②若must表示推测,疑问部分不能用must,而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式:

He must be tired, isn’t he? 他一定累了,是吗?

三、陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句

1. 基本原则:若陈述部分为祈使句,疑问部分通常用will you:Please help us, will you? 请帮帮我们,好吗?Come with us, will you? 同我们一起去,好吗?

Don’t forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。

2. 当祈使句为Let’s…时,疑问部分总是用shall we:Let’s go there together, shall we? 我们一起去,好吗?

3. 当祈使句为Let us…时,若表示请求,疑问部分用will you,若表示建议,疑问部分用shall we:Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们,好吗? Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?

四、陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句

1. 当陈述部分为主从复合句时,疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致:She said that he didn’t like it, didn’t she? 她说他不喜欢它,是不是?He knows where I live, doesn’t he? 他知道我住什么地方,是不是?

当陈述部分为I think (believe, suppose) that...等时,疑问部分通常与从句保持一致(注意否定的转移):

I think that it is too short, isn’t it? 我认为它太短了,对不对(它太短吗)? I don’t think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗(他会来吗)?

【注】这类用法主要限于主语为第一人称且think等动词为一般现在时的情形。

五、几种特殊情况的反意疑问句

1. 当陈述部分是I’m…时,疑问部分通常用aren’t I:I’m wrong, aren’t I? 我错了,是吗?

I’m older than you, aren’t I? 我年纪比你大,对不对?

2. 当陈述部分是I wish…时,疑问部分通常用may I

I wish to go with them, may I? 我想同他们一起去,可以吗?

3. 当陈述部分有had better时,疑问部分用had:

He’d better leave here, hadn’t he? 他最好离开这儿,是吗?

there be 句型

there be 句型是英语中陈述事物客观存在的句型,表示“有”,其确切含义是“存在”。There作为引导词,本身没有意义,用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词,它的主语是一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组,动词be和第一个主事的数保持一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间状语。因此,要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候,常用there be+名词+地点(时间)”这一句型,而不用have句型。There is a library in our scool. 我们学校有一个图书馆

There is some water on the ground。地面上有些水

There are 50 students in the classroom. 教室里面有五十名学生。

{注意}there be 的位置和用法口诀:

说明何时何地有,

There be 在主语前。

随着主语第一个,

Be的形式做变换

1.there be句型中的主谓一致

动词be的单复数形式要跟there be之后的主语保持一致,如果是几个并列名词作主语,动词be和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。

There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两本书

There are two books and a pen on the desk。桌子上有两本书和一支钢笔。

2.there be 句型中的谓语形式

(1)there be 句型有各种时态。其中一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时比较常见。

There was a knock at the door. 有人敲门。

There is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚会有个会议。

There has been a girl waiting for you. 有个女孩一直在等你。

(2)there be 可以与情态动词连用

There may be a cigarette in the box. 那个盒子里或许有支烟。

There must be some cakes on the table. 桌子上一定有些蛋糕

(3)there be 句型可以和这些短语连用:used to, happen to , seem to , be likely to 等

there used to be a temple there before the war. 战前那里曾经有一会寺庙

There happened to b e a bus nearby. 碰巧附近有辆公共汽车。

There is likely to be a storm. 可能有一场暴风雨

(4)there be 句型除可以用be外,还可以用其他动词:live, sit, stand, lie, exist等

Once upon a time there lived a king in china. 从前中国有一个国王

There stands a tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一棵树。

3.there be 句型的其他构成

(1)否定句

There be句型的否定句有两种构成形式,一是将not 放在be之后;二是在主语前加no.

There aren’t any pens on the desk.. 桌子上没有钢笔

There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有水

(2)一般疑问句

There be 句型的一般疑问句要将be放在there之前;回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。

Is there a cake on the table? 桌子上有蛋糕吗?

Yes ,there is 是的,有/ No, there isn’t 不,没有

(3)特殊疑问句

There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要由how many 和how much 提问

名师点睛☆典例分类

【例1】【2016湖北黄石】Look! The model is walking to us. ______ nice dress!

A.What B.What a C.How D.How a

【答案】B

考点:考查感叹句。

【例2】—I’m not going swim ming tomorrow afternoon.

— ________. I have to clean up my bedroom.

A. So am I

B. Neither am I

C. Neither I am

D. So I am

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:明天下午我不打算去游泳,我也不去,我不得不清理我的卧室。上文是否定句,后文表示也不,用句式Neither+助动词+主语,某某也不。So+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语:某某也如此;so + 主

语+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语:某某确实如此。这三种句式在时态,人称上与前一个句子相同。上句是否定句,故选B。

考点:考查倒装句。

【例3】_____ wonderful music it is! I like it very much.

A. What

B. How a

C. What a

D. How

【答案】A

考点:考查感叹句的用法。

【例4】【2016重庆】--- Jack, don’t always copy what others do. ______ your head, p lease.

--- Thanks for telling me.

A. Using

B. Used

C. Uses

D. Use

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:--杰克,不要总是抄袭别人的,动动自己的脑子。--谢谢你告诉我。这里是祈使句,其肯定句的结构是以动词原形开头,故选D。

考点:考查祈使句的用法。

【例5】She's never been there, ___________ ?

A. is she

B. has she

C. isn't she

D. hasn't she

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:她从来没有去过那,是吗?反意疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。陈述部分肯定式,疑问部分否定式。由never可前一部分是否定,故后面用肯定。知结合句意,故选B

考点:考查反意疑问句的用法。

【点睛】特殊句式的考查也是英语考试的重点,做此类题型首先要理解各个选项中句子的含义,然后结合具体语境选择符合逻辑选项。同时,要牢记反意疑问句,感叹句和祈使句的变化规则,尤其注意不能以中式思维思考英语问题。平时应加强英语阅读,增强语感。

课时作业☆能力提升

1.【2016重庆】--- TuYouyou has won the Nobel Prize.

--- ______ great she is! We Chinese are so proud of her.

A. What a

B. What

C. How a

D. How

【答案】D

考点:考查感叹句的用法。

2.— Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the Xinhua Bookstore?

— Yes. down this road and turn left. It’s on Jiefang Roa d.

A. Walking

B. To walk

C. To walking

D. Walk

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:--劳驾,你能告诉我去新华书店的路吗?—是的,沿着这条路走向左拐,它就在解放路。这里是祈使句,根据and连词连接的是并列的成分,所以空格处应该用动词原形,故选D。

考点:考查祈使句的用法。

3.—She’s already left for Nanjing, ?

— Yes. She is on the train already.

A. isn’t she

B. hasn’t she

C. doesn’t she

D. has she

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:—她已离开去南京了,是不是?—是的,她已经在火车上了。根据题干分析此题是考查反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定句,所以简短问句应用否定形式,同时是现在完成时态,’s是has的缩写,所以选B。

考点:考查反意疑问句的用法

4. —He hasn’t watched the movie “ So Young”, has he?

—________. He told me it’s very moving and interesting, he’d like to watch it again.

A. Yes, he has

B. Yes, he hasn’t

C. No, he hasn’t

D. No, he has

【答案】A

考点:考查反义疑问句。

5.These problems are too hard to work out, ______?

A. are they

B. aren’t they

C. is it

D. isn’t it

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:这些问题太难而不能算出。反意一般疑问句,遵循前面是肯定句,后面是否定句,前面是否定句,后面是肯定的一般疑问句,这里These problems是复数形式,用they来代词,且用肯定的一般疑问句。根据题意。故选A。

考点:考查反意一般疑问句

6.— _______ late for school again, Tom!

— Sorry, I promise I _________.

A. Don’t, will

B. Don’t be, won’t

C. Don’t, won’t

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:不要上学又迟到了,汤姆!对不起,我保证我不迟到啦。否定的祈使句通常以Don’t开头。Be late for school上学迟到。I promise后面的宾语从句通常用一般将来时。所以选B。

考点:考查祈使句。

7.The school aims to encourage people to take a full part in society,it?

A. is

B. isn't

C.does

D.doesn't

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:学校教育目的是鼓励人们在社会中充分发挥作用,不是吗? 本句是反义疑问句,遵循原则:前肯,后否;前否,后肯。所以选D。

考点:考查反义疑问句。

8.—He didn’t finish his homework, did he?

—. He will finish it in an hour.

A、No, he didn’t

B、Yes, he did

C、Yes, he didn’t

【答案】A

考点:考查反意疑问句的用法

9.. _________ brave children they are!

A. What

B. What a

C. How

D. How a

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:多么勇敢的孩子啊!1 how + 形容词/副词 + 主语+系动词/动词。 2 what+名词/名词词组+主语+系动词/动词。结合句意,故选A

考点:考查感叹句的用法

10._____ lovely robot! Actually, it is a smartphone, the RoBoHon.

A.What

B.What a

C. How

D. How a【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:多么可爱的机器人!其实,它是一个智能手机,RoBoHon表示感叹句,修饰形容词用what +a 可数名词,故选B。

考点:考查感叹句的用法。

2017-2019年北京市中考英语试题及答案

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