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状语：修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句，说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等。如：他在灯下看书。“在灯下”是状语。

补语：补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语，补充宾语叫宾语补足语。

如：他把我逗笑了。He made me laugh.主语：he;谓语：made;宾语：me;宾补：laugh.补语和它补充说明的成份之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，这可以把它和其它成份区分开。

如：上句宾语me和宾补laugh之间，laugh的动作是me来做的。这就是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。把这两部分单拿出来可以成一句完整的话，即I laughed.

宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. （名词）

We all think it a pity that she did n’t come here.（名）

We will make them happy.（形容词）

We found nobody in. (副词)

Please make yourself at home.介词短语）

Don’t let him do that.（省to不定式）

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带to不定式）

Don’t keep the lights burning.（现在分词）

I’ll have my bike repaired.（过去分词）

三、Consolidation

1. 句子结构练习：

主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）

1你应当努力学习。2她昨天回家很晚。

3那天早上我们谈了很多。4会议将持续两个小时。

主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）

1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。

3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。

主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）

1我的兄弟都是大学生。2冬季白天短，夜晚长。

3布朗夫人看起来很健康。4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。

双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）

1 Johnson先生去年教我们德语。 2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。

4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？

复合宾语结构（主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）

1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John.

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