四字结构的翻译

❖ Bargain讨价还价;gratitude感恩戴德;ingratitude 忘恩负义;prosperity繁荣昌盛;等等。
❖ 如照字面意思翻译,虽然也能把原句的内容 翻译出 来,但是往往会失去原句的风采和气势,变得平淡 无奇、索然无味。所以,有时译者如果尝试使用四 字格来进行翻译,反而会使译文更加形象鲜明、生 动感 人。
❖ 鉴于现代西方文化千差万别,有些事物在某 个社会的一部分地区已经完全销声匿迹,而 在另一部分地区可能仍然方兴未艾。
❖ 3. 有助于译文生动活泼,形象鲜明
❖ [1] You may have read stories in which the hero gets into his spaceship and “blasts off” into the outer reaches of space without a worry about fuel.
1.She was always hurried during the day and tired at night.
❖ 她白天总是匆匆忙忙,晚上就疲惫不堪。
2. Everyone’s life should have room for such loves.
每个人的生活都应该为这种爱留下一席之地。
而成型的。寥寥四字,言简意赅。在忠实于 原文的内容和风格的前提下,恰当采用,译 文就显得凝炼、贴切,具有高度的概括力。
❖ [1] Over the past several weeks, she had grown increasingly restless. 过去几周,她越来越六神无主。
❖ [2] Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical results of being able to shield himself the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other man. 科学的探索,知识的追求,使人类获得了避 免天灾人祸的实力。
四字结构的运用
❖ “四字格”词组,是广义的概念,包括成语 和非成语。
❖ 从内容上讲,“四字格”词组言简意赅;
❖ 从形式上讲,它整齐均称;
❖ 从语音上讲,它顺口悦耳。
❖ “四字格”在译文中如果运用得当,不但 使译文大为增色,而且能发挥“锦上添花” 的作用。
一.使用“四字格”词组的语言优势
❖ 1. 有助于笔墨经济,以少胜多 ❖ “四字格”词组是经过反复锤炼、相沿习用
❖ 5)切忌盲目追求词藻华丽而超出“信”的范 围
❖ [1] This aircraft is small, cheap, pilotless.
❖ 原译:这种飞机小巧玲珑,价廉物美,无人 驾驶。
❖ 改译:这种飞机体积不大,价格便宜,无人 驾驶。
(一)使用四字格翻译原句中的英语 单词
❖ 英语中许多单个的单词在译 成汉语时,都可以用四 字格来进行翻译,如:
3. His success in this field has pushed his forerunners’ point into the background.
他在这方面的成就使其前辈们的论点黯然失色。
4. A minute later the head of John was handed to the frightened Salome. 不大会儿,约翰的首级就交给了魂飞魄散的莎乐美。
❖ [2] The two theories vary, but they are
compossible. ❖ 这两种理论虽然各有千秋,但它们是并行不
悼的。
❖ [3] If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日,却是少数人伤心失意之时。
Hale Waihona Puke ❖ 2. 有助于译文通顺流畅,雅俗交融
❖ 现代翻译学认为,译文与原文在意义 上应动态对应,不要形式对等。因此, 从原文的深层意义出发,英语句中的 单词、短语。 习语,甚至整句,都 可译成相应的汉语四字词组。因此,根
据上下文的内在联系和关联,由表及里, 恰当运用“四字格”,就能收到良好的效 果。
❖ [1] He was canny, openhanded, brisk, candid, and modest.
尼克松对这种破格的礼遇感到高兴,但并没有喜出 望外。
(二)使用四字格翻译原句的英语词组、 短语
❖ bright in color 色彩鲜艳;
他为人聪明大方,生气勃勃,忠厚耿直,谦 虚谨慎。
❖ [2] Since modern Western culture is highly diverse, something that has faded completely from one segment of a society can still flourish in another.
5. Love is a climate—a climate of the heart. 爱的情感是一种气氛--一种心心相印的气氛。
6. But they were overwhelmed at last.
可是到后来寡不敌众,直败下来。
7. Nixon was pleased by the distinction, but not overwhelmed.
你大概读过这样一些故事吧。它们描写一位 英雄坐上飞船,“风驰电掣”,直冲九霄云 外,毋须为燃料担心发愁。
❖ [2]The girls arrayed themselves in their finest clothes.
❖ 这些姑娘打扮得花枝招展。
4. 提高译文语言的整齐均称和韵律感
❖ [1] But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨,人人皆知了。
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汉语四字格及新词翻译

汉语四字格及新词翻译

汉语四字格翻译汉语中四字结构的翻译在很多时候,非常令人头疼棘手,很多同学要么误认为这些都属于成语,要么总想在英语中找一个形式与之对应的翻译来处理。

其实不然,汉语中出现的四字格,很多只是为了读起来上口,对仗,并没有太深的寓意,我们只需简单的理解一下意思,我们在很多情况下可以将四字格前后两个词语分开来处理,首先判断该结构属于什么词类,然后再分析前后两个词语间的逻辑关系,用相应的单词或者表达处理即可。

请看下面的例子:(一)并列关系这种四字结构,前后两个词语属于并列关系,我们只要能够将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文,中间用并列连词“and”连接即可。

名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences(二)语意重复这种四字结构前后两个词语的语意是一样的,如果前后两个词语都翻译就构成语意重复了,广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰survival of the fittest延年益寿prolong one’s life灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure长治久安a long period of stability求真务实pragmatic审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned功在当代,利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations继往开来,承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力,日久见人心Time will tell.吃的苦中苦,方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat车到山前必有路,船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重of high ability and integrity互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law(三)目的关系减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one(四)途径方式寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business(五)偏正词组廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented(六)动宾关系优势互补complement each other’s advantages自主经营,自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses(七)条件关系不进则退no progress simply means regression.(八)省略意象瞻前顾后overcautious and indecisive源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose汗马功劳exploits闻名遐迩famous独具匠心original中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature附:汉语新难词时代飞速发展,汉语新难词不断涌现,翻译时颇难下笔,还有一些政策性很强的词句,翻译时颇费斟酌。

英汉互译中的四字结构

英汉互译中的四字结构

英汉互译中的四字结构
英文中的四字结构是指由四个字组成的短语或句子结构。

这种结构在英语中用于表达各种含义和用途。

以下是一些常见的英文四字结构及其对应的中文翻译:
1. A piece of cake - 小菜一碟,易如反掌
2. Time flies by - 光阴似箭,光阴荏苒
3. Catch someone's eye - 引起人的注意
4. Keep your chin up - 振作起来,保持乐观
5. Bite the bullet - 迈出第一步,忍受痛苦
6. Break the ice - 打破僵局,破冰
7. Make ends meet - 收支相抵,维持生计
8. A drop in the bucket - 沧海一粟,杯水车薪
9. A penny for your thoughts - 诉诸心声,心里话
10. Actions speak louder than words - 比言语更具说服力
这只是一小部分常见的英文四字结构和中文翻译。

实际上,英文中有很多四字结构,尤其是习语和俚语,它们通常有一定的隐喻和象征意义。

翻译时需要根据语境和意义进行恰当的表达。

四字结构的翻译

四字结构的翻译

1.She was always hurried during the day and tired at night.
❖ 她白天总是匆匆忙忙,晚上就疲惫不堪。
2. Everyone’s life should have room for such loves.
每个人的生活都应该为这种爱留下一席之地。
❖ [5] You have a lucky star above you. 你真是福星高照。
❖ [6] She is now between the devil and the deep sea on this matter. 她在这个问题上真是进退维谷。
❖ (2)同一个词组可有多种译法
❖ [1] He was on tenterhooks of expectations during our conversation.
他为人聪明大方,生气勃勃,忠厚耿直,谦 虚谨慎。
❖ [2] Since modern Western culture is highly diverse, something that has faded completely from one segment of a society can still flourish in another.
❖ In London things are as bad. The repair of the blitz devastation goes sluggishly. People drag themselves through the rubble in sticky weather on dwindling rations.
3. His success in this field has pushed his forerunners’ point into the background.

成语与四字格的翻译

成语与四字格的翻译

套译法
• 套译法是指套用译语中某个与汉语成语喻义相近 的成语来进行翻译的方法。套译法可用于下列几 种情况: (1)两个成语的字面意义和蕴涵意义基本一致。 • 破釜沉舟 to burn one’s boats “破釜沉舟”指我国古代项羽出兵救巨鹿一事。当 他引兵渡河后,即命令部下打破全部饭锅,凿沉 全部船只,烧光岸上庐舍,每人只持三13粮,以 示士卒誓死不回的决心。英语中的 “to burn one’s boats”指欧洲古罗马的恺撒出征到国外时往 往把自己的部队所乘船只全部焚毁,自断后路, 以示只进不退的决心。 • 空中楼阁 castles in the air • 肉中刺 a thorn in the flesh
成语与四字格的翻译应注意事项
(1)结合语境,注意源语和目标语的确切含义。 一个汉语成语可以译成两个或两个以上的英语表达,英汉 双方意义是否对应,这是值得思考的问题。 如:“狡兔三窟”和“the mouse that has but one hole is quickly taken”,比喻不同,表达方法不一样 (一用兔喻, 一用鼠喻,一正一反),但含义却相似。都指为了安全多 ) 找隐蔽处。 又如:“亡羊补牢”与“lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen”, 表面看相似,实则无法等同起来。 汉语中“亡羊补牢”暗含为时未晚之意,而英语中却表达 的是为时已晚,意义正好相反。可见形象相似的汉语与英 语的固定表达法,比喻义有时却常常并不一样。这是英汉 两种语言反映的是两种民族各自不同的文化特点。因此, 进行汉语成语的翻译时,应结合语境正确理解,切莫胡乱 硬译,或不假思索地套译。
省略法
• 汉语成语有些是对偶词组,前后两对含义相同,修辞上优美 匀称,尤其是在四字结构的成语中,多呈现“同义反复”的 现象。这种现象在崇尚简洁的英语中是最忌讳的。为了避 免“同义反复”,翻译这类成语时,译者准确地译出其形象 的含义就可以了。 • 愁眉苦脸——gloomy faces • 天长地久——eternal like skies • 五光十色——multicolored • 字斟句酌——weigh every word • 无影无踪——without a trace

美学视角下英汉翻译中四字格的运用

美学视角下英汉翻译中四字格的运用

美学视角下英汉翻译中四字格的运用
四字格是指由四个字组成的词语或句子,这种短小精悍的表达方式在英汉翻译中常被运用。

从美学角度讲,四字格表达简洁,语言平衡,节奏感强,容易产生韵律美和节奏感。

英汉翻译中,四字格常用于诗歌、歇后语、谚语、警语和广告语等文体中。

比如:
1. 英文四字格:Time is money.(时间就是金钱。

)
汉语四字格:时间就是金钱。

2. 英文四字格:all is fair in love and war.(爱情与战争没有规矩。

)
汉语四字格:爱情战争,无规矩。

3. 英文四字格:Easier said than done.(说起来容易做起来难。

)
汉语四字格:言之易,行之难。

4. 英文四字格:Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.(情人眼里
出西施。

)
汉语四字格:情人眼里出西施。

以上几个例子都是采用四字格表达的英汉翻译,能够更好地保留源语言特点,传达出源语言的韵味和节奏感。

因此,四字格的使用在英汉翻译中很常见。

四字格词语翻译

四字格词语翻译
As far as sight could reach, I feasted my eyes on a vastness of infinite charm, which presents itself in a profusion of color, in verdant luxuriance, in dulcet warbling, in pervading perfume, in rippling undulation, in cataract sprays, in hilly waves, in field crisscross and verily in vitality and variety.
要想使译文文情并茂,译者不应在原作前无所作为,也不能甩开原作随意挥 洒,而是在两种语言交汇的有限空间里自由驰骋。四字格词语是汉语词汇的一 大特点,如果我们能在翻译中恰如其分地译出四字格词语,那么就能在忠实原 文的基础上,大大增加译文的流畅程度。
汉语中四字格词语的特点
四字格词语是汉语词汇的一大特点。它一般是由分成前后两个部分的四个 语素构成。从语法关系看,词组中前后两个部分可以是主谓、动宾、偏正或者 并列关系。从结构上看,四字格由自由词组和固定词组组成。自由词组是临时 组成的,可以随意拆散,重新组合,例如:“品种齐全”,“做工精细” 等。 而固定词组是一个整体,四个语素不能拆开、随意更换。而且,一些意义特殊、 流传久远的四字格词语也被称为成语,如:“死里逃生”“沧海一粟”等。
汉语字正腔圆,英语却平白朴实。这里所讲的四字格词包含成语、歇
后语和其他著名词句。四字格的词,无论是英汉翻译还是汉英翻译都适用。
汉语四字词组有两大类:
汉语成语的四字词组(也叫固定词组,不能随意拆散)
汉语普通词语的四字词组(也叫自由词组,可随意拆散,重新组合.)

四字格的翻译


(三) 目的关系to 减员增效 downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency) 退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest or pastures 集资办学 raise money to set up new schools 结党营私 form cliques for private gain 扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one
(五) 偏正词组adv+v/adj+n 廉洁奉公 honestly perform one’s official duties 环境绿化 environmental greening 超前消费 premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption 以强凌弱 the strong domineering over the weak 以人为本 people foremost; People-oriented
(七) 条件关系(if) 不进则退 no progress simply means regression.
(八) 省略意象 瞻前顾后 overcautious and indecisive 源远流长 have a long history 呕心沥血 spare no efforts 画龙点睛 bring out the crucial point 花天酒地 go on the loose 汗马功劳 exploits 闻名遐迩 famous 独具匠心 original 中流砥柱 mainstay, chief cornerstone 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace 浩如烟海的文化典籍 numerous volumes of literature

四字结构汉语的英语翻译方法

(一)并列关系这种四字结构,前后两个词语属于并列关系,我们只要能够将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文,中间用并列连词“and”连接即可。

名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences (二)语意重复这种四字结构前后两个词语的语意是一样的,如果前后两个词语都翻译就构成语意重复了,广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰survival of the fittest延年益寿prolong one’s life灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure长治久安a long period of stability求真务实pragmatic审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned功在当代,利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations继往开来,承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future路遥知马力,日久见人心Time will tell.吃的苦中苦,方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat车到山前必有路,船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重of high ability and 互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law(三)目的关系减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one(四)途径方式寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business(五)偏正词组廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented(六)动宾关系优势互补complement each other’s advantages自主经营,自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses(七)条件关系不进则退no progress simply means regression.(八)省略意象瞻前顾后overcautious and indecisive源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose汗马功劳exploits闻名遐迩famous独具匠心original中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature。

英语口译1四字结构 四字词


外交舞台上的“金童 玉女”。 朱彤,曾任外交 部翻译室英文处副处 长,毕业于中国外交 学院。 张建敏,现为翻 译室副主任。
不管前面是地雷阵还是万丈深渊,我都将一往无
前,义无反顾,鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已。——朱镕基
No matter what is waiting in front of me, being land mines or an abyss, I will blaze my trail, without any hesitation or misgivings, and I will do my best to devote all myself to the people and the country until the last day of my life.
英语口译
口译——“金领职业”
Four Nices:
Nice place to visit (去的是风景名胜) Nice food to eat (吃的是美味佳肴) Nice people to meet (见的是名人精英) Nice money to make (拿的是诱人高薪)
Contents of This Class
Two major kinds of interpretations: Consecutive Interpretation & Simultaneous Interpretation
Consecutive Interpretation(即席/连续翻译): In case the interpreter is under the instructions “to interpret between chunks (大部分) of the original speech (immediately after the original speaker has completed a few sentences or in most cases, a fairly long paragraph), he is doing „consecutive interpretation‟.” Simultaneous Interpretation( 同 声 翻 译 ) : If he is instructed to interpret while the original speech is being made then he will be doing „Simultaneous Interpretation‟. Compared with the two said interpretations, Consecutive Interpretation is more convenient, economical and widely-used while Simultaneous Interpretation is more often used for some formal, big, international conferences which usually need a set of equipment to do the jobs.

汉语四字结构的英文翻译(讲义)

汉语四字排比结构的英译处理四字结构几乎可见于古今各种文体之中,或独自成句,或并列排比,或前呼后应。

结构匀称对仗,读起来音韵和美,表达言简意赅,将汉语文字的音与形的特点巧妙揉和在一起,极富美感。

而汉语四字排比结构就更是词义丰富,文才华丽,语气连贯,具有极强的修辞效果。

尽管如此,汉语四字排比结构的字面意义并非历历具足,往往是虚实相生,重在气势和意境;而英语却是一种非常理性的语言,最重清楚明白,最忌逻辑混乱与文字堆砌,所以在翻译的过程中,汉语工整对仗、抑扬顿挫的排比结构在英语中却多半变得长短不一、参差不齐,这是不可避免的。

因为我们不可能强求与原文保持形式上的一致,这样一来反而会导致译文表达松散堆砌,这是不符合英语表达习惯的。

因此,汉语的四字排比结构在翻译成英语时,可根据其语义成分和逻辑成分,转化成英语中相应的结构。

下面就逻辑关系分别说明其英译处理的方法:1.并列关系的四字排比结构的英译处理并列关系的四字排比结构通常转化为英语中的下列结构:a.形容词+ 名词1)按照合理布局、优化结构、突出重点的要求,加强宣传文化事业的基本建设。

Capital construction of publicity and cultural undertakings will bestrengthened according to the principle of a rational distribution, anoptimized structure and a priority order.2)大峡谷的谷地山峦交错、峡谷相连、江水汹涌。

The valley of the Grand Bend is full of multi-peaked mountains,joined canyons and turbulent waters.b.名词或形容词+ in + 名词1)由于这台仪器性能稳定、操作可靠、维修方便,因此受到用户的好评。

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