TL 226-中文
TIC226M中文资料
TIC226 SERIES SILICON TRIACS2APRIL 1971 - REVISED MARCH 1997P R O D U C T I N F O R M A T I O N† All voltages are with respect to Main T erminal 1.NOTES:6.This parameter must be measured using pulse techniques, t p = ≤ 1 ms, duty cycle ≤ 2 %. Voltage-sensing contacts separate fromthe current carrying contacts are located within 3.2 mm from the device body.7.The triacs are triggered by a 15-V (open-circuit amplitude) pulse supplied by a generator with the following characteristics:R G = 100 Ω, t p(g) = 20 µs, t r = ≤ 15 ns, f = 1 kHz.V TM Peak on-state voltage I TM = ±12 A I G = 50 mA (see Note 6)±1.6±2.1V I H Holding current V supply = +12 V†V supply = -12 V†I G = 0I G = 0Init’ I TM = 100 mA Init’ I TM = -100 mA5-930-30mA I L Latching current V supply = +12 V†V supply = -12 V†(see Note 7)50-50mA dv/dt Critical rate of rise of off-state voltage V DRM = Rated V DRM I G = 0T C = 110°C ±100V/µs dv/dt (c)Critical rise of commu-tation voltageV DRM = Rated V DRMI TRM = ±12 AT C = 85°C±5V/µsthermal characteristicsPARAMETERMINTYPMAX UNIT R θJC Junction to case thermal resistance 1.8°C/W R θJAJunction to free air thermal resistance62.5°C/Welectrical characteristics at 25°C case temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued)PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONS MINTYP MAX UNIT3TIC226 SERIES SILICON TRIACS4APRIL 1971 - REVISED MARCH 1997P R O D U C T I N F O R M A T I O N5TIC226 SERIES SILICON TRIACS6APRIL 1971 - REVISED MARCH 1997P R O D U C T I N F O R M A T I O NIMPORTANT NOTICEPower Innovations Limited (PI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its customers to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current.PI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with PI's standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent PI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except as mandated by government requirements.PI accepts no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, software performance, or infringement of patents or services described herein. Nor is any license, either express or implied, granted under any patent right, copyright, design right, or other intellectual property right of PI covering or relating to any combination,machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used.PI SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, INTENDED, AUTHORIZED, OR WARRANTED TO BE SUIT ABLE FOR USE IN LIFE-SUPPORT APPLICA TIONS, DEVICES OR SYSTEMS.Copyright © 1997, Power Innovations Limited。
管件常用英语缩写
管子及管件编号缩写中文名称英文名称1.1 P 管子 Pipe 1.2 EL 弯头 Elbow1.2.1 ELL 长半径弯头 Long radius elbow 1.2.2 ELS 短半径弯头 Short radius elbow1.2.3 MEL 斜接弯头（虾米腰弯头） Mitre elbow 1.2.4 REL 异径弯头 Reducing elbow1.3 T 三通 Tee 1.3.1 LT 斜三通 Lateral tee1.3.2 RT 异径三通 Reducing tee 1.4 R 异径管接头（大小头） Reducer1.4.1 CR 同心异径管接头（同心大小头） Concentric reducer 1.4.2 ER 偏心异径管接头（偏心大小头） Eccentric reducer 1.5 CPL 管箍 Coupling 1.5.1 FCPL 双头管箍 Full coupling1.5.2 HCPL 单头管箍 Half coupling 1.5.3 RCPL 异径管箍 Reducing coupling1.6 BU 内外螺纹接头 Bushing 1.7 UN 活接头 Union1.8 HC 软管接头 Hose coupler 1.9 SE 翻边短节 Stub end1.10 NIP 短节 Pipe nipple or straight nipple 1.10.1 SNIP 异径短节 Swaged nipple1.11 CP 管帽（封头） Cap 1.12 PL 管堵（丝堵） Plug1.13 BLK 盲板 Blank 1.13.1 SB 8字盲板 Spectacle blind (blank)1.14 RP 补强板 Reinforcing pad2 法兰编号缩写中文名称英文名称2.1 PLG 法兰 Flange 2.1.1 WNF 对焊法兰 Welding neck flange2.1.2 SOF 平焊法兰 Slip-on flange 2.1.3 SWF 承插焊法兰 Socket-welding flange2.1.4 T 螺纹法兰 Threaded flange 2.1.5 LJ 松套法兰 Lapped joint flange2.1.6 REDF 异径法兰 Reducing flange 2.1.7 BF 法兰盖（日法兰） Blind flange2.2 FSF 法兰密封面 Flange scaling face 2.2.1 FF 全平面 Flat face2.2.2 RF 凸台面 Raised face 2.2.3 MFF 凹凸面 Male and female face2.2.4 LF 凹面 Female face 2.2.5 LM 凸面 Male face2.2.6 RJ 环连接面 Ring joint face 2.2.7 TG 榫槽面 Tongue and groove face2.2.8 TF 榫面 Tongue face 2.2.9 GF 槽面 Groove face3 垫片编号缩写中文名称英文名称3.1 G 垫片 Gasket 3.1.1 NMG 非金属垫片 Non-metallic gasket3.1.1.1 AG 石棉垫片 Asbestos gasket 3.1.1.2 RG 橡胶垫片 Rubber gasket3.1.1.3 TEG 聚四氟乙烯包复垫片 PTFE envelope gasket 3.1.2 SMG 半金属垫片 Semimetallic gasket3.1.2.1 MJG 金属包垫片 Meta-jacket gasket 3.1.2.2 SWG 缠绕式垫片 Spiral wound gasket3.1.3 MG 金属垫片 Metallic gasket 3.1.3.1 FMG 金属平垫片 Flat metallic gasket3.1.3.2 SMSG 齿形金属垫片 Solid metal serrated gasket 3.1.3.3 LER 透镜式金属环垫 Lens ring gasket3.1.3.4 OCR 八角形金属环垫 Octagonal ring gasket 3.1.3.5 OVR 椭圆形金属环垫 Oval ring gakset3.1.3.6 IR/OR 内外定位环 Inner ring and outer ring 3.1.3.7 IR 内定位环 Inner ring3.1.3.8 OR 外定位环 Outer ring4 坚固件编号缩写中文名称英文名称4.1 B 螺栓 Bolt 4.1.1 SB 螺柱 Stud bolt4.2 NU 螺母 Nut 4.3 TB 花蓝螺母 Turnbuckle4.4 WSR 垫圈 Washer 4.4.1 SWSR 弹簧垫圈 Spring washer5 阀门编号缩写中文名称英文名称5.1 GV 闸阀 Gate valve 5.2 GLV 截止阀 Globe valve5.3 CHV 止回阀 Check valve 5.4 BUV 蝶阀 Butterfly valve5.5 BAV 球阀 Ball valve 5.6 PV 旋塞阀 Plug valve (cock)5.7 CV 调节阀 Control valve 5.8 SV 安全阀 Safety valve5.9 RV 减压阀 Pressure reducing valve 5.10 ST 蒸汽疏水阀 Steam trap5.11 PRV 泄压阀 Pressur relief valve 5.12 BV 呼吸阀 Breather valve5.13 NV 针形阀 Needle valve5.14 AV 角阀 5.15 DV 隔膜阀5.16 TWV 三通阀 5.17 SGV 插板阀6 管道上用的小型设备编号缩写中文名称英文名称6.1 SPR 气液分离器 Separator 6.2 FA 阻火器 Flame arrester6.3 SR 过滤器 Strainer 6.3.1 SRY Y型过滤器 Y-type strainer6.3.2 SRT T型过滤器 T-type strainer 6.3.3 SRB 桶式过滤器 Bucket type strainer6.3.4 TSR 临时过滤器 Temporary strainer 6.4 SIL 消声器 Silencer6.5 SG 视镜 Slight glass 6.6 SC 取样冷却器 Sample cooler6.7 DF 排液漏斗 Drain funnel 6.8 LM 管道混合器 Line mixer6.9 RO 限流孔板 Restriction orifice 6.9.1 MO 混合孔板 Mixing orifice6.1 RD 爆破片（爆破膜） Rupture disk 6.11 EJ 补偿器 Expansion joint7 隔热、伴热编号缩写中文名称英文名称7.1 INS 隔热 Thermal insulation 7.1.1 H 保温 Hot insulation7.1.2 C 保冷 Cold insulation 7.1.3 P 防烫伤隔热 Personnel protection insulation 7.2 T&I 伴热 Tracing and insulation 7.3 T 管道伴热（冷） Tracing7.3.1 EST 蒸汽外伴热 External steam tracing 7.3.2 IST 蒸汽内伴热 Internal steam tracing7.3.3 SJT 蒸汽夹套伴热 Steam-jacket tracing 7.3.4 ET 电伴热 Electric tracing8 配管材料和等级编号缩写中文名称英文名称8.1 M 金属材料 Metallic material 8.1.1 CS 碳钢 Carbon steel8.1.2 CAS 铸钢 Cast steel 8.1.3 FS 锻钢 Forged steel8.1.4 AS 合金钢 Alloy steel 8.1.5 SS 不锈钢 Stainless steel8.1.6 AUST SS 奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless-steel 8.1.7 CI 铸铁 Cast iron 8.1.8 MI 可锻铸铁 Malleable iron8.1.9 DI 球墨铸铁 Ductile iron 8.1.10 AL 铝 Aluminum8.1.11 BRS 黄铜 Brass 8.1.12 BRZ 青铜 Bronze8.1.13 CU 紫铜 Copper 8.1.14 LAS 低合金钢 Low alloy steel8.1.15 FLAS 低合金锻钢 Forged low alloy steel 8.1.16 CLAS 低合金铸钢 Cast low alloy steel8.2 THK 壁厚 Thickness 8.2.1 SCH 表号 Schedule number8.2.2 STD 标准 Standard 8.2.3 XS 加强 Extra strong8.2.4 XXS 特强 Double extra strong9 装置布置编号缩写中文名称英文名称9.1 CN 建北 Construction north 9.2 E 东 East9.3 W 西 West 9.4 S 南 South9.5 N 北 North 9.6 H 水平 Horizontal9.7 V 竖直、铅直、直立 Vertical 9.8 GRD 地坪 Ground9.9 UG 地下 Underground 9.10 BL 装置边界线 Battery limit line9.11 ESEW 事故沐浴洗眼器 Emergency shower and eye washer 9.12 HS 软管站 Hose station9.13 ML 接续分界线 Match line 9.14 PS 管道支架（管架） Piping support9.15 PR 管桥 Pipe rack 9.16 STRU 构架（构筑物） Structure9.17 BLDG 建筑物 Building 9.18 PD 清扫设施 Purge device9.19 PT 池 Pit 9.20 SHLT 棚 Shelter9.21 COFF 围堰 Cofferdam 9.22 FL 楼板 Floor9.23 PF 平台 Plateform10 尺寸标注编号缩写中文名称英文名称10.1 EL 标高 Elevation 10.2 BOP 管底 Bottom of pipe10.3 COP 管中心 Center of pipe 10.4 TOP 管顶 Top of pipe10.5 FOB 底平 Flat on bottom 10.6 FOT 顶平 Flat on top10.7 CL(屯) 中心线 Center line 10.8 TL 切线 Tangent line10.9 SYM 对称的 Symmetrical 10.10 BOS 支架底 Bottom of support10.11 TOS 支架顶 Top of support 10.12 CL 净距（净空） Clearance10.13 CTC 中心至中心 Center to center 10.14 CTF 中心至面 Center to face10.15 CTE 中心至端部 Center to end 10.16 ETE 端到端 End to end10.17 FEF 法兰端面 Flange and face 10.18 FTF 面到面 Face to face10.19 D 直径 Diameter 10.20 DN 公称直径 Nominal diameter10.21 ID 内径 Inside diameter 10.22 OD 外径 Outside diameter10.23 DIM 尺寸 Dimension 10.24 MAX 最大 Maximum10.25 MIN 最小 Minimum 10.26 AVG 平均 Average10.27 APP 约、近似 Approximate 10.28 PT.EL 点标高 Point elevation11 图表编号缩写中文名称英文名称11.1 PFD 工艺流程图 Process flow diagram 11.2 PID 管道和仪表流程图 Piping & instrument diagram11.3 COD 接续图 Continued on drawing 11.4 DTL 详图 Datail11.5 SPDWG(ISODWG) 管段图 Spool drawing (each line isometric drawing)11.6 DWGNO 图号 Drawing number 11.7 DWGI 所在图号 Drawing identification11.8 LOW 材料表 List of material 11.9 MTO 汇料 Material take-off11.10 APPX 附录 Appendix 11.11 JOB. No. 工号 Job Number11.12 BEDD 基础工程设计数据 Basic engineering design data 11.13 DEDD 详细工程设计数据 Detail engineering design data 11.14 REV. No. 修改号 Recision number 11.15 REF DWG 参考图 Reference drawing11.16 SC 采样接口 Sample connection12 操作方式及工作参数编号缩写中文名称英文名称12.1 AUT 自动 Automatic 12.2 ML 手动 Manual control12.3 CHOP 链条操作 Chain operated 12.4 CSC 铅封关 Car seal close12.5 CSO 铅封开 Car seal open 12.6 LC 锁闭 Lock closed12.7 LO 锁开 Lock open 12.8 NC 正常关 Normally close12.9 NO 正常开 Normally open 12.10 ATM 大气压 Atmosphere12.11 PN 公称压力 Nominal pressure 12.12 A 绝压12.13 G 表压 12.14 (T) 温度 Temperature12.15 (P) 压力 Pressure13 施工编号缩写中文名称英文名称13.1 W 焊接 Welding 13.1.1 AW 电弧焊 Arc welding13.1.2 GSAW 气体保护电弧焊 Gas shielded-acr welding 13.1.3 EFW 电熔焊 Elecric fusion welding13.1.4 ERW 电阻焊 Electric Resistance welding 13.1.5 GW 气焊 Gas welding13.1.6 LW 搭接焊 Lap welding 13.1.7 BW 对焊 Butt welding13.4.8 TW 定位焊 Tack welding 13.1.9 SW 承插焊 Socket welding13.1.10 CW 连续焊 Continuous welding 13.1.11 SEW 密封焊 Seal welding13.1.12 SFG 堆焊 Surfacing 13.1.13 FW 现场焊接 Field welding13.2 HT 热处理 Heat treatment 13.2.1 PH 预热 Preheating13.2.2 SR 应力消除 Stress relief 13.2.3 PWHT 焊后热处理 Post weld heat treatment13.3 EIT 检查、探伤和实验 Examination, inspection & testing 13.3.1 VE 外观检查 Visual examination13.3.2 UI (UT) 超声探伤 Ultrasonic inspection (test) 13.3.3 RI (RT) 射线探伤 Radiographic inspection (test)13.3.4 MPI (MT) 磁粉探伤 Magnetic particle inspection (test) 13.3.5 LPI (PT) 液体渗透检验 Liquid penterant inspection (test) 13.3.6 HADT 硬度实验 Hardness testing 13.3.7 HYDT 水压实验 Hydraulic testing13.3.8 PNET 气压实验 Pneumatic testing 13.3.9 CE 焊条 Covered electrode13.3.10 WW 焊丝 Welding wire 13.3.11 ASSY 装配、组合 Assembly13.3.12 F 现场 Field 13.3.13 F/F 现场制造 Field faricated13.3.14 SF 现场决定 Suit in field 13.3.15 CSP 冷紧 Cold spring13.3.16 BCT 螺栓冷紧 Bolt cold tightening 13.3.17 BHY 螺栓热紧 Bolt hot tightening13.3.18 CO 清洗口 Clean out 13.3.19 ANNY 退火 Annealed13.4 PE 平端面 Plain end 13.5 BE 坡口端 Belelled end13.6 THR 螺纹 Thread 13.7 HB 布氏硬度 Brinnel hardness13.8 RC 洛氏硬度 13.9 AT 酸洗14 其他编号缩写中文名称英文名称14.1 FDN 基础 Foundation 14.2 INF 信息（资料） Information14.3 REF 参考 Reference 14.4 REV 修改 Revision14.5 SEQ 序号（顺序） Sequence 14.6 W/E 设备带来 With equipment14.7 W/I 仪表带来 With instrument 14.8 CM 色标 Colour mark14.9 CA 腐蚀裕度 Corrosion allowance 14.10 UTL 公用系统 Utility14.11 UC 公用工程接头 Utility connection 14.12 QTY 数量 Quantity14.13 WT 重量 Weight 14.14 MHR 工时 Man hour14.15 BC 螺栓分布圆 Bolt circle 14.16 HP 高点 High point14.17 LP 低点 Low point 14.18 SUC 吸入（口） Suction14.19 DIS 排出（口） Discharge 14.20 SO 蒸气吹扫（口） Steam out14.21 NPT 美国标准锥管螺纹 National standard taper pipe thread 14.22 NPS 美国标准直管螺纹 National standard straight pipe thread 14.23 DR 排液 Drain 14.24 VT 放气 Vent14.25 RTG （压力）等级 Rating 14.26 CL 等级 Class14.27 SMLS 无缝 Seamless 14.28 螺旋缝。
八年级上册仁爱英语单词表
序号 英文 中文序号 英文 中文1really adv.答话时表示感兴趣或惊讶；真正地25row n.一排,一行2another pron.另一(事物或人)26quite adv.相当,很,十分3break v.(使)破,碎；打破(记录)27join v.加入,参加；连接4freestyle n自由泳；自由式28skate v.溜冰,滑冰；滑(滑板)5freestyle adj.自由式的29cycle v.骑自行车6male adj.男性的；男的30cycle n.循环；周期7swimmer n.(会)游泳者31tennis n.网球8record n.记录；唱片32table tennis乒乓球9record v.记录,记载33player n.运动员；比赛者,选手10successful adj.获得成功的34dream n.梦想；梦11Jamaican adj.牙买加(人)的35dream v.做梦12widely adv.普遍地；广泛地36grow v.成长,生长；发育；种植；变成13regard v.认为……是；把……视为37grow up长大成人,成长14during prep.在……期间38scientist n.科学家15against prep.对着；反对39future n.将来16team n.队,组40in the future今后17win v.获胜,赢得41musician n.乐手,音乐家,乐师18cheer v.加油；欢呼,喝彩42pilot n.飞行员；驾驶员19cheer n.欢呼声,喝彩声43policeman n.(pl.-men) 男警察20cheer ... on为……加油44policewoman n.(pl.-women) 女警察21football n.足球运动；足球；橄榄球45postman n.(pl.-men) 邮递员,邮差22practice v.&n.练习；实践46fisherman n.(pl.-men) 渔民；钓鱼的人23prefer v.更喜欢,宁愿(选择)47jump v.&n.跳跃24row v.划(船)48spend v.花费(金钱、时间等)；度过（仁爱版）八年级上册英语单词表49exercise v.锻炼74leave v.离开；把……留下,剩下50exercise n.锻炼；练习75leave n.假期,休假51baseball n.棒球76leave for动身去某地52be good at ...擅长于……；精通……77pity n.遗憾,可惜；同情,怜悯53weekend n.周末78cooker n.厨灶,炉具54part n.部分；一些；片段79off prep.离开55take part in参加,加入80off adv.离开56be good for对……有益81advise v.建议,劝告57health n.健康；保健82kill v.杀死58popular adj.流行的,大众的,受83symptom n.症状欢迎的59all over到处,遍及84suitable adj.合适的,适宜的60world n.世界；地球85dose n.(药的)一剂,一服61heart n.心脏,心86dose v.给(某人)服药62lung n.肺；肺脏87instruction n.用法说明,操作指南63the day after tomorrow后天88carefully adv.小心地；慎重地；仔细地64healthy adj.健康的,健壮的89religious adj.宗教(信仰)的65fit adj.健康的；适合的90except prep.除……之外66fit v.(使)适合；安装91war n.战争,战争状态67keep fit保持健康92athlete n.运动员68supper n.晚饭,晚餐93oneself pron.自己,自身；亲自69relax v.(使)放松,轻松94grandmother n.(=grandma)(外)祖母,奶奶,外婆70famous adj.著名的95ill adj.有病的；不健康的71teammate n.队友96fall ill患病,病倒72excited adj.激动的,兴奋的97mind v.介意；关心73bad adj.令人不愉快的；坏98mind n.思想,想法的99kick v.踢；踹；踢(腿）124at first起初,起先100pass v.传球；传递；经过；推移；及格125indoor adj.室内的101give sb. a hand帮某人一个忙126become v.变得,变成102do well in在某方面做得好127into prep.进入,到……里面103certainly adv.当然,确定,肯定128come into being形成,产生104somewhere adv.在某处129goal n.目标；进球得分,射门105throw v.扔,投,掷130through prep.穿过,贯穿106shout at sb.斥责某人；对某人大声说131side n.一边,一侧；一旁,侧面107fight v.争论；打仗(架)132basket n.(篮球运动的)篮；篮子108fight n.打仗(架),争论133follow v.遵守规则；跟随；仿效；跟得上109do one's best尽某人最大努力134example n.例子,实例；样品110teamwork n.协同工作,配合135for example例如,举例111angry adj.发怒的,愤怒的,生气的136hold v.抓住；举办；保持；包含112be angry with对……生气137skill n.技艺；技能113talk about谈论；讨论138as prep.作为,当作114nothing pron.无关紧要的东西；没有什么139as adv.&conj.像……一样,如同；因为115finish v.完成,做好140than prep.(用以引出比较的第二部分)比116finish n.最后部分,结尾,结局141score v.&n.得分；进球117grandfather n.(=grandpa)(外)祖父；爷爷；外公142lover n.爱好者；热爱者118invent v.发明,创造143such pron.这样的,那样的,类似的119inventor n.发明者,发明家；创造者144cricket n.板球(运动)120court n.球场,运动场；法庭145main adj.主要的；最重要的121outdoors adv.在户外,在野外146person n.人；个人122outdoors n.郊野；露天147hero n.英雄,豪杰123century n.世纪,百年148cup n.杯子,杯149final adj.最终的,最后的174flu n.流行性感冒150final n.决赛175medicine n.药151grass n.草坪；草地176suggestion n.建议,提议152point n.得分；观点,要点177day and night日日夜夜153point v.(用手指头或物体)指178candy n.糖果154hit v.击(球)；碰撞179brush v.刷；擦155bat n.球棒；球拍；蝙蝠180brush n.刷子156toothache n.牙痛181tooth n.(pl.teeth)牙齿157dentist n.牙科医生182lie v.躺,平躺158backache n.背痛183lie down躺下159headache n.头痛184while conj.当……时候；而,然而160suggest v.建议,提议185while n.一段时间,一会儿161fever n.发烧；发热186skateboard n.滑板162cough n.&v.咳嗽187cry n.叫喊,叫声163stomachache n.胃疼188cry v.哭；喊叫164have a cold患感冒189taxi n.出租车165coffee n.咖啡190X-ray n.X光照片；X射线166tea n.茶；茶叶191serious adj.严重的；严肃的；认真的167enough adj.足够的,充分的192pill n.药丸,药片168enough adv.足够193check v.查看,核实；检查169boil v.沸腾；烧开194care n.照顾,照看；小心,谨慎170lift v.举起,抬起；(云、烟等)消散195care v.关心,关怀；关注,在意171lift n.(英)电梯196take care of关心,照顾172hey interj.(引起注意或表示兴趣、惊讶或生气)嘿,喂197sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地173terrible adj.糟糕的；可怕的198still adv.仍然,还是199fruit n.水果；果实；结果224salt n.盐,食盐200worry v.&n.担心,担忧225sugar n.食糖201worry about担心,烦恼226illness n.病,疾病202advice n.忠告,劝告,建议227weak adj.虚弱的,无力的203tired adj.疲倦的,疲劳的228cream n.奶油,乳脂204cause v.使发生,引起,导致229ice cream冰淇淋205cause n.原因,起因230force v.强迫,迫使206litter n.废弃物,垃圾231childhood n.童年,幼年207litter v.乱丢杂物232plate n.盘子,碟子；一盘208dustbin n.垃圾箱233mad adj.疯的209fingernail n.指甲234taste v.尝,品,吃210meal n.一餐(饭)235taste n.品味,审美211without prep.没有,缺乏；不和……在一起236surprised adj.感动惊讶的,出人意料的212article n.文章；物品；冠词237watermelon n.西瓜213smoke v.吸烟；冒烟238potato n.土豆,马铃薯214smoke n.烟239potato chips薯条215even adv.甚至,即使240sandwich n.三明治(夹心面包片) 216cancer n.癌,癌症241strawberry n.草莓217energy n.精力,活力,干劲242beef n.牛肉218necessary adj.必要的；必需的243biscuit n.饼干219active adj.活跃的；积极的244etc.abbr.等等,以及其他220tomato n.西红柿,番茄245shower n.&v.淋浴221cabbage n.卷心菜,洋白菜246fact n.事实,真相；现实222staple n.主食247in fact事实上,实际上223wheat n.小麦248unhealthy adj.不健康的249chemical n.化学品274stand v.站立；位于；忍受,承受250cigarette n.香烟,纸烟275stand for代表,象征251body n.身体276least adv.最少,最少量252disease n.病,疾病277least pron.最少的；程度最轻的253harm v.&n.危害,伤害,损害278at least至少,不少于254smoker n.吸烟者279nowadays adv.现今；现在255second-hand adj.二手的,旧的280compete v.竞争；对抗256risk n.危险,风险281chance n.机会；机遇257risk v.(使)冒……的风险282host n.主办国(或城市、机构)；主人258possible adj.可能；能做到283host v.举办,主办；做主人招待259as ... as possible尽量……地284feel v.觉得,感到260exciting adj.令人激动的,使人285beginning n.开头,开端兴奋的261relay race接力赛286whether conj.是否262hear v.听见,听到287gold n.金,金子263message n.信息；消息288gold adj.金色的264theater n.剧场,戏院289medal n.奖章；勋章265neck and neck不分上下,并驾齐驱290badly adv.差；很,非常；严重地266line n.线；线条；电话线路291able adj.能够；有能力的267modern adj.现代的292268Olympics n.奥林匹克运动会293269motto n.箴言,格言294270Olympic adj.奥林匹克运动会的295序号 英文 中文序号 英文 中文1hobby/ˈhɒbi/n.业余爱好,嗜好25glue/ɡluː/n.胶,胶水2recite/rɪˈsaɪt/v.背诵,朗诵26glue/ɡluː/v.(用胶水)粘合,粘贴3poem/ˈpəʊɪm/n.诗；韵文27cut/kʌt/v.剪,切,割4maybe/ˈmeɪbi/adv.可能,或许,也许28cut/kʌt/n.伤口；开口5be interested in对……感兴趣29stick/stɪk/v.粘贴,粘住6fond/fɒnd/adj.喜爱的,爱好的30lazy/ˈleɪzi/adj.懒惰的7be fond of喜欢31title/ˈtaɪtl/n.题目,标题8pet/pet/n.宠物；宠儿；宝贝32passage/ˈpæsɪdʒ/n.章节,段落9collect/kəˈlekt/v.收集,搜集33introduction/ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn/n.介绍,引进10plant/plɑːnt/v.种植,播种34everyday/ˈevrideɪ/adj.日常的,每日的11plant/plɑːnt/n.植物35snake/sneɪk/n.蛇12collection/kəˈlekʃn/n.收藏品,收集物36provide/prəˈvaɪd/v.提供,给予13doll/dɒl/n.玩偶,玩具娃娃37owner/ˈəʊnə(r)/n.主人,物主14coin/kɔɪn/n.硬币38comfort/ˈkʌmfət/n.安慰,舒服15hate/heɪt/v.厌恶,讨厌；仇恨39comfort/ˈkʌmfət/v.安慰,抚慰16pop/pɒp/adj.(=popular)(口语)(音乐、艺术等)大众的,通俗的40pig/pɪɡ/n.猪；贪婪的人17scrapbook/ˈskræpbʊk/n.剪贴簿41bath/bɑːθ/n.洗澡；浴室；浴盆18friendship/ˈfrendʃɪp/n.友谊,友好,友情42pond/pɒnd/n.池塘19funny/ˈfʌni/adj.滑稽的,好笑的43dirty/ˈdɜːti/adj.肮脏的,污秽的20stupid/ˈstjuːpɪd/adj.愚蠢的,笨的44unfriendly/ʌnˈfrendli/adj.不友好的,有敌意的21ugly/ˈʌɡli/adj.丑陋的,难看的45concert/ˈkɒnsət/n.音乐会；演奏会22background/ˈbækɡraʊnd/n.背景46What a pity!真遗憾,真可惜23paper/ˈpeɪpə(r)/n.纸,纸张47hmm/m/interj.(表示有疑问或犹豫时发出的声音)呣,嗯,唔24scissors/ˈsɪzəz/n.(pl.)剪刀48lend/lend/v.借给,借出（仁爱版）八年级上册英语单词表49singer/ˈsɪŋə(r)/n.歌手,歌唱家74south/saʊθ/n.南部；南方；南风；南50violin/ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/n.小提琴75south/saʊθ/adj.南(方)的；向南的；从南来的51drum/drʌm/n.鼓76south/saʊθ/adv.在南方；向南方；自南方52instrument/ˈɪnstrəmənt/n.乐器；工具77answer/ˈɑːnsə(r)/v.答复,回答53hip hop 说唱；嘻哈乐(节奏强烈,说唱形式的一种流行伴舞音乐)78answer/ˈɑːnsə(r)/n.答复,回答；答案54folk/fəʊk/adj.民俗的；民间的79take a shower洗淋浴55classical/ˈklæsɪkl/adj.古典的；传统的80pack/pæk/v.把……打包56rock/rɒk/n.摇滚乐；岩石,大石块81pack/pæk/n.包,捆；(猎犬、野兽等的)一群57jazz/dʒæz/n.爵士音乐,爵士舞曲82serve/sɜːv/v.端上(饭菜)；接待,服务58type/taɪp/n.类型,种类83chat/tʃæt/v.&n.聊天,闲谈59quickly/ˈkwɪkli/adv.迅速地,很快地84news/njuːz/n.消息；新闻60be famous for因……而出名85museum/mjuˈziːəm/n.博物馆61wonder/ˈwʌndə(r)/n.奇才；奇迹；惊奇86roast/rəʊst/adj.烤的；烤(肉等)62wonder/ˈwʌndə(r)/v.想知道；感到惊讶87duck/dʌk/n.鸭子63composer/kəmˈpəʊzə(r)/n.作曲家,创作者88agree/əˈɡriː/v.同意,应允64note/nəʊt/n.音符；笔记,记录；注释89so-so/ˌsəʊ ˈsəʊ/adj.一般,不怎么样,凑合65papa/pəˈpɑː/n.(儿语)爸爸90pleasant/ˈpleznt/adj.令人愉快的,舒适的66press/pres/v.按,压；挤,推91agree with sb.同意某人的看法,与某人看法一致67smile/smaɪl/v.微笑,笑92brave/breɪv/adj.勇敢的68smile/smaɪl/n.微笑,笑容93useful/ˈjuːsfl/adj.有用的,有益的69amazing/əˈmeɪzɪŋ/adj.令人惊奇的94match/mætʃ/n.火柴；比赛,竞赛70peace/piːs/n.宁静,平静；和平95match/mætʃ/v.将……配对71culture/ˈkʌltʃə(r)/n.文化,文明96dark/dɑːk/adj.黑暗的；暗色的72own/əʊn/adj.自己的,本人的97dark/dɑːk/n.黑暗；暗处73own/əʊn/v.拥有,有98voice/vɔɪs/n.嗓音,说话声99in a low voice低声地说124lose oneself in ...沉迷于……,专心致志于……100sell/sel/v.卖出……；出售；转让125drop/drɒp/n.滴,水珠101hungry/ˈhʌŋɡri/adj.饥饿的126tear/teə(r)/n.眼泪,泪水102beat/biːt/v.打,击打；(在比赛中)打败(某人)127tear/teə(r)/v.撕裂,撕碎103burn/bɜːn/v.燃烧；烧毁128sky/skaɪ/n.天,天空104stove/stəʊv/n.炉子,火炉129river/ˌrɪvə ˈfiːnɪks/n.河,江105goose/ɡuːs/n.鹅130clear/klɪə(r)/adj.清澈的；明白清楚的,明显的；晴朗的106disappear/ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/v.消失；灭绝131clear/klɪə(r)/v.移走,清除107flame/fleɪm/n.火焰；火舌132beauty/ˈbjuːti/n.美丽；美人108dead/ded/adj.死的133nature/ˈneɪtʃə(r)/n.自然；性质109wake/weɪk/v.醒来；弄醒,唤醒134horse/hɔːs/n.马110wake up醒来,唤醒135sheep/ʃiːp/n.(pl.sheep)(绵)羊；驯服者111happily/ˈhæpɪli/adv.快乐地,高兴地,幸福地136hen/hen/n.母鸡112however/haʊˈevə(r)/adv.然而；不管怎样137cow/kaʊ/n.母牛,奶牛113solve/sɒlv/v.解决(问题)138thin/θɪn/adj.瘦的；薄的；稀的114factory/ˈfæktri/n.工厂139rose/rəʊz/n.玫瑰花115closed/kləʊzd/adj.关闭的140frog/frɒɡ/n.青蛙,蛙116pray/preɪ/v.祈祷；祈求141rainforest/ˈreɪnfɒrɪst/n.(热带)雨林117lake/ˌleɪk ˈɪəri/n.湖,湖泊142thick/θɪk/adj.茂密的；厚的；浓的118make faces做鬼脸143forest/ˈfɒrɪst/n.森林119laugh/lɑːf/v.&n.笑,大笑；发笑144ground/ɡraʊnd/n.地,地面120poster/ˈpəʊstə(r)/n.招贴画,海报145wet/wet/adj.湿的,潮湿的121redwood/ˈredwʊd/n.红杉,红木146cover/ˈkʌvə(r)/v.覆盖,遮盖；掩盖122pleasure/ˈpleʒə(r)/n.快乐,愉快,满意147cover/ˈkʌvə(r)/n.盖子；罩123knowledge/ˈnɒlɪdʒ/n.知识148earth/ɜːθ/n.地球；土,泥；大地149surface/ˈsɜːfɪs/n.表面174feature/ˈfiːtʃə(r)/n.特征；特点；特色150thousands of成千上万,几千175earthquake/ˈɜːθkweɪk/n.地震151nowhere/ˈnəʊweə(r)/adv.无处,哪里都不176strike/straɪk/v.侵袭,爆发；撞,撞击152control/kənˈtrəʊl/v.&n.控制177province/ˈprɒvɪns/n.省份,(某些国家的)一级行政区153climate/ˈklaɪmət/n.气候178missing/ˈmɪsɪŋ/adj.失踪的,找不到的,丢失的；缺少的154die/daɪ/v.死,死亡179mobile/ˈməʊbaɪl/adj.可移动的155die out灭绝；消失180phone/fəʊn/n.电话,电话机156wood/wʊd/n.木头,木材；(pl.)树木,森林181fire/ˈfaɪə(r)/n.失火,火灾；火157reason/ˈriːzn/n.原因,理由,解释182rainstorm/ˈreɪnstɔːm/n.暴风雨158reason/ˈriːzn/v.推理,推断183snowstorm/ˈsnəʊstɔːm/n.雪暴,暴风雪159protect/prəˈtekt/v.保护184level/ˈlevl/n.级别；水平,程度160southwest/ˌsaʊθˈwest/n.西南185sad/sæd/adj.难过的；悲哀的161feed/fiːd/v.喂(养),饲养186calm/kɑːm/adj.镇静的,沉着的162feed on以……为食187downstairs/ˌdaʊnˈsteəz/adv.往楼下,去楼下163bamboo/ˌbæmˈbuː/n.竹188middle/ˈmɪdl/n.中间,中央,中心164less/les/det.(与不可数名词连用)较少的,更少的189indoors/ˌɪnˈdɔːz/adv.在室内165less and less越来越少190doorway/ˈdɔːweɪ/n.出入口,门道166land/lænd/n.陆地；土地191furniture/ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/n.家具167land/lænd/v.登岸(陆)；降落192power line电源线,输电线168whale/weɪl/n.鲸193shake/ʃeɪk/v.摇动,(使)颤动；抖(掉)169sea/siː/n.海,海洋194shock/ʃɒk/n.剧烈震动170in danger处在危险状态195shock/ʃɒk/v.使震惊171ocean/ˈəʊʃn/n.海洋196aftershock/ˈɑːftəʃɒk/n.(地震后的)余震172fur/fɜː(r)/n.毛皮；皮子197understand/ˌʌndəˈstænd/v.理解,懂173bone/bəʊn/n.骨头,骨质198gas/ɡæs/n.气体燃料；气体序号 英文 中文序号 英文 中文199million/ˈmɪljən/n.百万217pizza/ˈpiːtsə/n.比萨饼200whole/həʊl/adj.整体的,全部的218website/ˈwebsaɪt/n.网站,网址201whole/həʊl/n.整个,整体219reporter/rɪˈpɔːtə(r)/n.记者202nation/ˈneɪʃn/n.国家；民族220perfect/ˈpɜːfɪkt/adj.完美的；最佳的203rebuild/ˌriːˈbɪld/v.重建,重组；使复原221safely/ˈseɪfli/adv.安全地204normal/ˈnɔːml/adj.正常的,一般的222true/truː/adj.确实的,真的；真正的205appear/əˈpɪə(r)/v.出现；看来；好像223cheat/tʃiːt/v.&n.欺骗；作弊206injured/ˈɪndʒəd/adj.受伤的,有伤的224correct/kəˈrekt/adj.正确的；恰当的207send/send/v.派遣；打发；安排去225correct/kəˈrekt/v.改正,纠结,修正208army/ˈɑːmi/n.军队226search/sɜːtʃ/v.&n.搜索,搜查209cheap/tʃiːp/adj.便宜的；廉价的227result/rɪˈzʌlt/n.结果,后果；成绩,得分210online/ˌɒnˈlaɪn/adv.在线,联网228grammar/ˈɡræmə(r)/n.语法211online/ˌɒnˈlaɪn/adj.在线的,联网的229English-speaking/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃˌspiːkɪŋ/adj.讲英语的212information/ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/n.资料；信息230dictionary/ˈdɪkʃənri/n.字典,词典213face to face面对面231improve/ɪmˈpruːv/v.改进,改善214language/ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/n.语言232look up查阅215headmaster/ˌhedˈmɑːstə(r)/n.(尤指私立学校的)校长233expensive/ɪkˈspensɪv/adj.昂贵的,花钱多的216Mars/mɑːz/n.火星234共5页，第5页。
TL 226_2018-04_DET
Corporate Standard TL 226Ausgabe 2018-04 Klass.-Nr.: 50241Schlagwörter: Lacquer, varnishing, interior decoration, tampon printing, cubic print process, silkscreen, hotstamping, IMD coating, IML coating, PVD lacquered, metal lacquered, glass lacquered Lackierungen auf Werkstoffen der Fahrzeug-InnenausstattungCoatings on Materials of vehicle interiorRequirements(Translated Version)Previous editionsTL 226: 1981-02, 1986-12, 1995-01, 1995-10, 1998-11, 2003-11, 2006-04, 2013-08, 2016-10 ChangesThe following changes have been made to the TL 226:2016-10::–Section 3.1 "Basic requirements" some information specified in table 1–Section 3.4 "Painting process": processing guidelines specified in detail–Section 3.6 "Lacquer systems": Requirements for optics in table 2 revised–Section 3.7 "Finished part properties": Some requirements in table 3 adjusted–Section 4.2 "Abrasion behaviour": Notes on the visual evaluation of painted surfaces and image3 for reference evaluation on a lacquered sample plate added–Section 4.4 "cross section" added–Section 5 "Minimum requirements for supplier series monitoring": Serial monitoring tests adjusted in table 5–Further editorial changes1ScopeThis TL applies to lacquered, Tampon printed, Screen printed, heat-seal embossed, IMD (In-mold Decoration)-coated, IML (in-mold-labeling)-coated, laminated in cubic-print Coated metallic and non-metallic materials, which are Vehicle interior.Norm vor Anwendung auf Aktualität prüfen.Seite 1 von 13Die elektronisch erzeugte Norm ist authentisch und gilt ohne Unterschrift.Fachverantwortung NormungGQL-P/3 Kenny Strehlow Tel.: +49 5361 9-76941GQL-P/3 Eckart Herrmann Tel.: +49 5361 9-42116 K-ILI/5 Ute Hager-Süß K-ILIGQL-P Denis Eschwey Tel.: +49 5361 9-49035 Uwe WiesnerAlle Rechte vorbehalten. Weitergabe oder Vervielfältigung ohne vorherige Zustimmung einer Normenabteilung des Volkswagen Konzerns nicht gestattet.© Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft VWNORM-2016-12Seite 2TL 226: 2018-042 2.1 Designation Plastic coatingExamples of drawing entries:2k-decorative paint According to TL 226, S (30 ± 5) µm OrO r Or2k-decorative haptic paint According to TL 226, S (35 ± 5) µmEffect paint According to TL 226, s total construction (65 ± 10) µm Layer structure: 1. Primer (15 ± 3) µm2.Base coat(35 ± 4) µm3.Clear coat (15 ± 3) µmEffect paint using an IMD-method according to TL 226, S (15 ± 5) µmWith s = dry layer thickness, k = components2.2 Metal CoatingExample of drawing entry:Powder topcoat According to TL 226, layer structure according to TL 2563RequirementsIf the following requirements for certain components or parts of parts are to be limited or not applied, this must be coordinated with the responsible departments and indicated in the drawing accordingly..3.1Basic requirementsApproval of first delivery and change according to VW01155.Emission behaviour according to VW 50180.Avoidance of hazardous substance according to VW91101.Flammability according to TL 1010New products must be used for the base material.The properties of the finished part and the required technological characteristic data must not be impaired by the paintwork.For all parts to be ship, the information given in table 1 shall be provided by the supplier..Seite 3TL 226: 2018-04 Table 1-Supplier informationGeneral SupplierContact person, tel./e-mail Part numberPart designationBlankl(Also be specified for IMD/IML components)Plastic parts Manufacturer, locationBasic material (plastic type, manufacturer, manufacturer name)Number of cavities in the tool, surface of the cavity (degree of polish, grain etc.)Mass temperatureTool temperaturefor development parts:Stand Blank (spray date, optimizations made)Painting Painting operation and plant (type, design, air conditioning), location Paint DateCoating structure(Paint system, paint manufacturer, layer thicknesses)Hue/Color IndicatorPretreatment(Cleaning: e.g. ionized air; Activation: e.g flame treatment)Photo with arrangement of the parts in the framefor development parts:Stand painting process (optimizations made)Mixing ratios of the componentsProcess Management(Continuous/discontinuous; Curing: UV/thermal)IMD, IML IMD/IML Component manufacturing plant, location(For IML components: manufacturing plant and place of preform) Date of manufactureLayer structure of the IMD-/IML coating(foil manufacturer, carrier film, coating thickness, paint system) Color / Styling / color codeCuring: UV/Thermal3.2Appearance and tactile propertiesParts must have a uniform appearance on the entire surface and conform to the drawing requirements, as well as the release pattern for color, gloss, and haptics..Pores, cracks, painters, dust inclusions, spots of incidence, blowholes, bubbles, flow lines and other defects which impair the prescribed appearance are not permissible.Documentation regarding color and gloss is carried out in the first sample test report according to VW 50190.Seite 4TL 226: 2018-043.3Open-air weatheringOpen-air weathering according to VW 50185. Complaints from this test procedure oblige the supplier to discontinue the complaints and to improve the surface..3.4Painting ProcessThe coating process must be coordinated between the paint shop, the paint manufacturer and the injection molder. The system supplier confirms this in the initial sample test report, i.e. it bears the responsibility to fill the aforementioned requirements.Responsibility is divided as followings:–The paint manufacturer informs about the fulfilment of TL requirements, provides its processing guidelines and gives application technical support.–The paint shop furnishes informs about the underground (plastic type and trade name), earliest checks the requirements (also for pre-production parts), confirms compliance with the processing guidelines (e.g. drying time, temperature, humidity) of the Manufacturer and calls for application technical assistance.–The injection molder keeps the processing guidelines from the raw material. The substrate/blank must be able to paint in a process-safe. No damage to the raw material may be caused by the injection molding process, so that the varnishing ability is not adversely affected.3.5ConditioningAll samples delivered for inspection must be preconditioned by the supplier as follows:7 days at room temperature with a narrow air temperature range (18 °c to 28 °c) or 48 h at 60 °c. After every environmental/ heat aging process listed in Table 3, No. 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4. The parts must be conditioned 1 h at 18 °C to 28 °C. The visual evaluation, as well as the tests as per table 3, consec.no.2 and table 3, consec.no.3 are then performed..For those aging processes carried out in climatic chambers and heat chambers, the component being tested must be positioned in as-installed position, to the extent possible.3.6Paint systemsSee Table 2.Seite 5TL 226: 2018-04 Table 2 – Paint systemsPaint systemsRequirements forAppearance Symbols TactilepropertiesAcoustics Dry layer ThicknessS in µm2K-decorative paintAccording to the article or data of the digital record according to theVW 50190 (Color, Gloss)Lasermarking,tamponprinting, hotstamping(must be recordedin the drawingsNote)According torelease/Drawing entry[haptics:Subjectiverequirement ofsoftness (tactilesensation)]According torelease/Drawing entry(acoustics:improvementregardingsqueaking,squeak andother noisescompared tothe unpaintedcomponent)According torelease/Drawing entry(for multi-layerconstruction, the totaland single-layerthicknesses must bespecified on thedrawing)2K-decorative soft-touchpaint2K-soft touch paintEffect paint (e.g.metallics, Black HighGloss)Effect paint using IMDmethod, IML method,,cubic Print methodPVD coatedNOTE: For matte painting systems, scar-resistant systems must always be used.3.7Fished-part propertiesSee Table 3.Table 3 –Fished-part propertiesNr.Property Requirement1 Appearance and tactile properties in the delivery state Parts must be on the entire surface of aHave a uniform appearance and correspond to thedrawing requirements as well as the release patternfor haptics, gloss and color.Pores, cracks, lacquered runners and otherdefects which impair the prescribed appearanceare not permissible.Documentation regarding colour and gloss is in thefirst sample test report according to VW 50190.2 Adhesion2.1Cross-cut testas per DIN EN ISO 2409with subsequent, sudden tear-off the adhesivetape (Tape: Tesa 4657 a))Cross-cut test characteristic value ≤ 1Seite 6TL 226: 2018-04Nr.Property Requirement2.2Cross-cut test (St.Andrew’s cross)With subsequent, sudden tear-off of the adhesivetape (Tape: Tesa 4657 a))The cross-cut test (St.Andrew’s cross) must be performedwhen, for geometrical reasons, no cross-cut test can beperformed on the component.The test is performed with a cutting blade (e.g. cutterEdding Cutter M9 a)) with a sharp blade perpendicular tothe surface. Before gluing the adhesive tape, clean thecutting surface with a brush.Test characteristic value ≤ Note 2 (See Section 4.4)3 Scratch resistanceTest with Erichsen hardness test pencil Type 318 a)or Type 318 S a) with a 10 N load and a Bosch testtip (Ø 0,75 mm)A tear-off (material removal) of the paint is not Allowed.An impression caused by the load on the substrate is permissible.4 Temperature and climate change resistance4.1Heat resistance in the heat cabinet (a forced-air oven)–Components in the indirect irradiation area of the sun (e.g. decorative panels in the vertical area ofthe instrument panel): storage time 240 h, storagetemperature (90 ± 2) °c–Components in the transition area of the sun (e.g.ventilation nozzles, Steering wheels): Storage time500 H, storage temperature (105 ± 2) °c–Components in the direct irradiation area of the sun(e.g. defrost channel, upper Panel instrument panel):storage time 500 H, storage temperature (120 ± 2) °c Color Evaluation:Authenticity note of the grey scale ≥ 4 as per DIN EN 20105-A02.No change in appearance and haptics (e.g. cracking, blisters, colour handling, surface formation, delamination, softening, deformation) compared to the delivery condition.The requirements for adhesion and scratch resistance in accordance with table 3, No. 2 and Table 3, No. 3 must be met..4.2Climate change test8 Cycles as per PV 12005 Weather resistance and aging resistance5.1Condensation atmosphere with constant humidityas per DIN EN ISO 6270-2 CH, test duration 240 h No visible change from the delivery state.The requirements for adhesion and scratch resistance in accordance with table 3, No. 2 and Table 3, No. 3 must be met..Seite 7TL 226: 2018-04Nr. PropertyRequirement5.2Light fastnessTesting as per PV 1303Number of exposure periods as per drawing note (Fornotes on the classification based on as-installed position, see section 4.1) Color Evaluation:Authenticity note of the grey scale ≥ 4 as per DIN EN 20105-A02.No change in appearance and haptics (e.g. cracking, blisters, colour handling, surfaceformation, delamination, softening, deformation) compared to the delivery condition.The requirements for adhesion and scratch resistance in accordance with table 3, No. 2 and Table 3, No. 3 must be met..5.3Hydrolysis aging72 h at (90 ± 2) °C and (95 ± 3) % relative humidity in the climatic chamber(The formation of water droplets on the component must be prevented by suitable positioning in the climatic chamber)5.4 Sunlight Simulation240 h as per DIN 75220–D–IN1–T 5.5Corrosion behaviour(Only for painted metallic materials) 96 h neutral salt spray test(NSS) as perDIN EN ISO 9227– No Bubbles–No base metal corrosion6 Resistance to chemicals and behavior on exposure to abrasion 6.1Abrasion behavior: Testing as per PV 3906 b)A polyether urethane foam must be used as a backing between the cylindrical rubbing stud and the nettle fabric (see Section4.2).6.1.1 2 000 double strokes dry (for components in high-loadRange: e.g. steering wheel, controls, buttons, switch-handle)Painted surface: ≤ note 2 as per PV 3906 Changes shall only be indicated if they cannot be removed with a cloth moistened with distilled water. Friction Fabric:Bleeding of the frictional tissue according to the authenticity note of the grey scale ≥ 4 as per DIN EN 20105-A036.1.2 100 double strokes dryPainted Surface: Note 1 according to PV 3906. Changes shall only be indicated if they cannot be removed with a cloth moistened with distilled water. Friction Fabric:Bleeding of the frictional tissue according to the authenticity note of the grey scale ≥ 4 as per DIN EN 20105-A03 6.1.3 100 double strokes wet (distilled water)6.1.4 10 double strokes with 0.5 volume percent tenside,e.g. Pril ® a)6.1.5 10 double strokes with ammoniac, alcoholic cleaningsolution, e.g. Ajax® glass cleaner a) 6.1.6 10 double strokes with cleaning gasoline(Boiling range 80 °c to 100 °c)6.1.7 10 double strokes with alcohol[Ethanol 99%, denatured with 1% methyl ethyl ketone, for analysis (e.g.)]6.1.8 10 double strokes with synthetic welding solution A[Volume component φ (acetic acid) = 0.75% in water]6.1.9 10 double strokes with synthetic welding solution B[Ammonia mass share w (NH3) = 0.036% and sodiumchloride w (nacl) = 0.5% in water [approach: 1 g NH3-lo-Sung (25%, for example) with distilled water to 690.72 g (in Praxi: 691 g) and add 3.47 g NaCl]]Seite 8TL 226: 2018-04Nr. Property Requirement6.2Drop testWith the aid of a pipette, droplets of 0.1 ml are applied to the surface and dried 30 minutes after 10 minutes of reaction time at 60 °c. The surface should be assessed 24 hours after the impact. Formulation of the media see table 3, No 6.1.6.2.1 Surfactant SolutionNo visible change from the delivery state. Changes shall only be indicated if they cannot be removed with a moistened cloth by distilled water.6.2.2 Supply Grant, alcoholic washing solution 6.2.3 Cleaning gasoline 6.2.4 Alcohol6.2.5 Synthetic welding Solution A 6.2.6 Synthetic Welding Solution B 6.3Cream resistance as per PV 3964No change in appearance and haptics (e.g. crow's feet,Swelling, cracking, softening, stickiness) compared to the delivery condition. A slight gloss increase is permissible.Color assessment for Matt Coating systems: The authenticity note of the grey scale ≥ 4 according to DIN en 20105-A02.The requirements for adhesion and scratch resistance in accordance with table 3, No. 2 and Table 3, No. 3 must be met..7Scrub resistance (micro-scratch resistance) of high-gloss surfaces b) as per PV 3987–Requirement A (high abrasion resistance): relative gloss change ≤ 15% –Requirement B (mean abrasion resistance): relative gloss change ≤ 40% –The determination of the requirement is based on the component position/surface (see section 4.3) and in consultation between the responsible departments and the relevant materials engineering.a) Tesa 4657 Is the manufacturer's name of the product, manufactured by Tesa SE.Edding Cutter M9 Is the manufacturer's name of the product, manufactured by Edding AG.Erichsen-Härteprüfstab Typ 318 or Type 318 S Are the manufacturer's designations of the product, manufactured by Erichen GmbH & Co. KG.Pril® Is the manufacturer's name of the product, manufactured by Henkel AG & Co. kgaa.Ajax-Scheibenreiniger® Is the manufacturer's name of the product, manufactured by Colgate-Palmolive Company.D This information is intended only to inform the users of this works standard and does not imply any recognition of theaforementioned products by the Volkswagen Group. Equivalent products may be used if they are demonstrably to produce the same results.b) If due to the component geometry it is not possible to carry out the test, the test must be carried out on a flat plate that has beenpainted by the production process..Seite 9 TL 226: 2018-044 4.1 Notes on testing LightfastnessThe number of exposure periods to be included in testing can be found in the engineering drawing. Table 4 provides an overview of the component areas and the accociated number of exposure periods..Table 4Components Number of periodsHat shelves, linings in open trunks, upper part of the dashboard panel (e. g. Air distributorbehind the windshield)10Steering wheel, Interior rearview mirror 6 Dashboard (e.g. decorative materials), center console, seat backrest, head restraints 5Door panels, direct irradiation area (e.g. parapet) 5Door panels, area with indirect irradiation (e. g. Door decorative materials in the lower doorpanel area)3Pillar trims exposed to direct irradiation 5Pillar trims exposed to indirect irradiation 3Seats, lower area (e. g painted seat adjustment buttons) 3Steering column shrouds 3Molded headliner (e. g button for interior light) 2 Concealed components (button for opening the trunk lid/tailgates) 24.2Abrasion behaviorA polyether urethane foam (foam as per DIN EN ISO 12947-1, table “Requirements for properties of polyether urethane foam”) must be used as the backing between the cylindrical rubbing stud and nettle fabric (undyed nettle fabric as per DIN ENISO 105-X12 (see figure 1 and figure2 ).Figure 1-Nettle fabric and foam Figure2- Nettle fabric fined on the rubbingstud, including foam backingSeite 10TL 226: 2018-04–The visual evaluation of the painted surface is made as per PV 3906 (section "evaluation") according to the following notes (reference evaluation on a lacquered sample plate see Figure 3):– Note 1 = No visible change, e.g. No friction marks– Note 2 = Slight change, e.g. weakly identifiable friction marks – Note 3 = Significant change, such as color change, surface injury –Note 4 = Strong change, e.g. visibility of the basic materialFigure 3 – Reference evaluation on a lacquered sample plate4.3Abrasion resistance of high-gloss surfacesClassification of request areas: – Requirement A:–Components that have a high-gloss surface, are located in the directly visible area or with in direct reach of the occupants, and are exposed to high loads: e.g. steering wheel trim panel, center console, navigation system/ air-conditioning system trim panel, large-surface decorative components/ decorative trims of the dashboard. – Functional components: e.g. switches, infotainment system, door handle –Requirement B:– Components that have a high-gloss surface, are located in the indirectly visible area orwithin indirect reach of the occupants, and are exposed to less severe loads: e.g., decorative components in the area of the door side panel, windshield decorative insertIMD/IML surfaces in combined high-gloss/matte design are considered high-gloss if at least 75% of the surface is high-gloss.The requirement for the respective component is specified in consultation between theappropriate Materials Engineering department and other appropriate departments.Seite 11TL 226: 2018-044.4 Cross SectionAfter jerky pulling off of the adhesive tape, the assessment of the liability value is made according to the following notes (schematic representation of the cross section values see Figure 4):– Note 1 = No deposition or removal of the coating– Note 2 = Low oversight removal of the coating on the cuts up to 0.5 mm on each side – Note 3 = Removing the coating on the cuts larger than 0.5 mm on one or more sides –Note 4 = Large-scale removal of the coatingFigure 4 – Cross section parameters5 Minimum requirements for supplier series monitoringIn order to ensure the tested and approved quality of the components in the current series, the supplier must carry out and document the series-accompanying tests according to table 5 onthe lacquered parts.Seite 12TL 226: 2018-04Table 5-Serial monitoring testsTesting as per TL 226 Property For each production shift, per colorQuarterly per componentand colorTabelle 3, lfd. Nr. 1 Color, Gloss × × Tabelle 1Thickness × × Tabelle 3, lfd. Nr. 2 a) Paint adhesion × × Tabelle 3, lfd. Nr. 3 Scratch resistance × × Tabelle 3, lfd. Nr. 5.3 Hydrolysis Aging b) – × Tabelle 3, lfd. Nr. 6.3Cream resistance–×Additionally for UV and high-gloss coatings Tabelle 3, lfd. Nr. 7Scrub resistance c)–×a) Testing of adhesion of each production shift per color can be performed without pre-conditioning..b) For monitoring conformity of production, performance of hydrolysis aging is also possible in the desiccator with temperature andhumidity monitoring..c) If the test cannot be performed due to the component geometry, the test must be performed on a flat plate which has been paintedin advance using the same process as n production..6 Other applicable documentsThe following documents quoted in the standard are required for the application of this standard: PV 1200Vehicle Parts; Testing of Resistance to Environmental Cycle Test (+80/-40) °CPV 1303 Non-Metallic Materials; Xenon Arc Light Aging of Vehicle Interior ComponentsPV 3906 Non-Metallic Planar Materials; Testing of Abrasion BehaviorPV 3964 Surfaces in the Passenger Compartment; Testing of Cream Resistance PV 3987 Scrub Resistance (Micro-Scratch Resistance) of High-Gloss Surfaces in the Vehicle InteriorTL 1010 Materials for Vehicle Interiors; Burning Behavior; Material Requirements VW 01155 Vehicle Parts; Approval of First Supply and Changes VW 50180 Components in the Vehicle Interior; Emission Behavior VW 50185 Vehicle Parts; Resistance to Open-Air WeatheringVW 50190 Interior Trim Components; Metrological Evaluation of Color and Gloss Level; Visual Evaluation of Chrome SurfacesEnvironmental Standard for Vehicles; Vehicle Parts, Materials, Operating Fluids; Avoidance of Hazardous Substances DIN 75220 Ageing of automotive components in solar simulation unitsDIN EN 20105-A02 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colorTextiles - Tests for color fastness - Part A03: Grey scale for assessing stainingVW 91101 DIN EN 20105-A03Seite 13TL 226: 2018-04Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Part X12: Color fastness to rubbingTextiles - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Part 1: Martindale abrasion testing apparatus DIN EN ISO 2409 Paints and varnishes - Cross-cut testDIN EN ISO 6270-2Paints and varnishes - Determination of resistance to humidity - Part 2: Procedure for exposing test specimens in condensation-water atmosphereCorrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray testsDIN EN ISO 105-X12 DIN EN ISO 12947-1 DIN EN ISO 9227。
格栅喷漆标准TL 226
分类号：Nr..50 24 1 2003年11月保密：保留所有权利。
未经大众汽车集团标准部门事先书面批准，不得传播或复制。
来源N O L I S ：使用之前要检查标准的实用性允许成品件的性质或要求的工艺参娄涂漆时在允许的内受到影响涂层/涂漆和修理涂漆应在基质（基础）上或在第1层漆上粘牢。
修理涂漆应做标记。
对所有要做试验的零件，应由供货商提供下述参数：1 基础材料的数据（制造厂名称和VDA-标记）2 色调3 预处理a）净化，例如，用异丙醇b）表面活化，例如，通过燃烧c）其它表面处理，例如，磷酸锌处理4 漆层结构（所有参数的定义）例如，2K—软漆或Haptik（手感）漆，底漆XYZ，公司XYZ，配料XYZ底漆XYZ，公司XYZ，配料XYZMV10：X，混合比例应根据漆决定，用硬XYZ，公司XYZ，配料XYZ，油漆工，油漆工的Audietierung说明。
5 涂漆设备6 涂漆地点7 涂漆日期3.2 外观和手感零件应在整个面上具有均匀的外观并符合图纸要求的鉴定样品的手感、光亮度和颜色。
不允许有影响外观的气泡、裂纹、油漆流条。
颜色和光亮度规定在首件样品试验报告里（按VW 501 90）3.3 大气曝露（风化）大气曝露试验按VW 501 85标准规定进行。
由供货商负责满足试验要求和改善油漆结构。
3.4 涂漆过程（方法）涂漆过程（方法）应在油漆工和油漆制造厂之间商定。
双方确认的方法规定在首件样品试验报告里，也就是双方负责满足列举的要求。
这个要求如下述：-油漆制造厂通报满足TL-要求的情况，以供加工时使用和对使用技术提供帮助。
-油漆工应了解基质（塑料类型和商用名称），检验要求（对于试制零件；至少检验附着性），确认遵守油漆制造厂的加工准则和应用技术的辅助要求。
3.5 预处理所有为试验提供的样品应进行下述预处理：在18至28℃室温条件下，放置7天或在60℃时放置48h。
试验后，零件应至少调节30min，然后进行肉眼鉴定。
TL226-2006(中文大纲)
标准中心关键词：油漆，喷漆，内饰件，电压印，热压印，避免有害物质按VW 911 01对于一次完整的实验，至少需要5件成品件或总面积为0.5 m2的零件。
成品件的性能以及要求的技术参数，在喷漆时要求将损伤控制在允许范围内。
涂层／喷漆，也许还有补漆，必须牢牢的黏附在基材或首次喷漆的漆层上。
补漆必须给予标明。
对于所有要检验的零件，供应商提供下面的信息：1. 基体材料的信息（制造厂商名称和VDA-标记）2. 颜色代码3. 前处理 a) 清洗，例如使用异丙醇 b) 表面活化，例如火焰处理 c) 其他表面处理，例如锌磷化4. 油漆结构（所有参数的定义） 例如双组分-软漆，也就是手感漆。
底漆XYZ，厂商XYZ，填料 XYZ 色漆XYZ，厂商XYZ，填料 XYZ MV（混合比）：10:x，混合比必须符合（组系－）油漆的认可。
所使用的固化剂XYZ，厂商XYZ，填料XYZ 喷漆方，喷漆方的奥迪特评审证明5.喷漆设备6.喷漆地点7.喷漆时间3.2外观和手感零件在整个表面要有均匀的外观，同时认可试样的手感、光泽、颜色要与图纸要求相一致。
缩孔、裂纹、漆流挂以及其他明文规定的外观损伤都是不允许的。
有关色调和光泽度的文献见VW 501 90的首件试验报告。
3.3曝晒试验曝晒试验按VW 501 85试验过程中的抱怨由供应商来负责，这样有利于抱怨的消除和油漆系统的改善。
3.4喷漆过程喷漆过程必须由油漆使用方和油漆生产方协商确定。
双方共同参与首件认可报告，也就是说，双方要共同承担满足前述技术要求的责任。
现分述如下：— 油漆生产商要及时通报TL标准的遵循情况，提供加工细则和使用方面的技术支持。
— 油漆使用方要及时通报基材信息（塑料类型和供应商名称）,尽可能早的按技术要求进行检验（还有对于预批量的零件：至少要检验他们的附着力），要接受并遵守油漆生产商提供的加工细则，并要求提供油漆使用技术支持。
3.5预处理所有提供的实验样件都要进行预处理：3.8 耐划伤试验按 PV 3952条件，存放240h。
轮胎标示
胎面（TREAD）部轮胎与路面接触的厚厚的橡胶层，要求有良好的耐磨性能和耐冲击性能。
带束层（BELT）将胎面及胎体紧紧联结起来，具有提高胎面刚性作用的钢丝层。
胎肩（SHOULDER）部胎面端部与胎侧上端之间的部分，具有保护胎体和发散行驶时产生热量的作用胎侧（SIDEW ALL）部胎肩下端和胎圈之间的橡胶层，有保护胎体的作用胎体（CARCASS）部构成轮胎骨架的单层或多层覆胶帘线部分，要求有良好的耐冲击性能和耐屈挠性能胎圈（BEAD）部胎体帘线缠绕其上，与轮辋结合的部位，由胎圈钢丝及橡胶等构成气密层（INNER）部轮胎的内衬层，要求有良好的气密性能。
胎面（直接和路面接触的部分）厚橡胶层为胎面与路面间提供了界面。
耐磨橡胶可以保护胎体和带束层断裂和影响，延长行驶寿命。
胎肩（轮胎肩状突出部位）胎肩位于胎面与胎侧之间，肩部橡胶最厚，因此，该设计必须允许轮胎在行驶过程中产生的热量容易扩散。
胎侧（轮胎的侧面）这部分位于肩部和胎圈之间，具有良好弹性的胎侧保护着胎体，并提升驾驶体验。
轮胎的型号、尺寸、结构、模型、生产公司，产品名及各种特征都将在此进行说明。
胎圈（直接和轮辋接触的部分）胎圈把轮胎附在轮辋上，在接口处包覆帘布。
胎圈由胎圈钢丝，胎圈，胎圈包布和其他零件组成。
胎圈的设计一般是能够胎圈紧凑地绕着轮辋，并保证万一气压突然膨胀时，轮胎也不会脱离轮辋。
胎体（轮胎结构）作为轮胎最重要的结构，整个内层帘布被称为胎体。
胎体的主要作用是维持气压，垂直负荷同时吸收震动。
缓冲层或带束层（位于胎面与胎体之间）缓冲层是位于胎面与胎体之间的一个帘布层，用以保护斜交轮胎的胎体。
缓冲层可减少震动，防止断裂或防止直接来自于胎体对胎面的伤害，同时也能防止橡胶层与胎体之间的断裂。
带束层是子午线轮胎或带束斜交轮胎的胎面与胎体之间的一个强化层。
它的功能与缓冲层相似，通过紧紧包裹胎体，以增加胎面的刚性。
内部衬里内部衬里是由一层橡胶组成，它可以防止气体扩散并代替轮胎内部的内胎。
大众通用材料标准版本日期明细清单
158
TL534_01112008_D
159
TL1010标准-1997-05
160
TL52231_01062010_D
161
TL52277_EN_2002-10-01
162
TL52277_en_021992
163
TL52388_Ing_03-2005
164
TL52452 2010
165
TL52452_Ingles-2003
73
GMP[1].PE.008-1998
74
GMW22-2002
75
GMW3029-2000
76
GMW3044-2005
77
GMW3059_2005
78
GMW3205-2000
79
GMW3232-2007
80
GMW3235-2011
81
GMW8081-2005
82
GMW14122Sep2010
83
GMW14444 Material Related Interior Part Performance-2006
TL_527_Englisch-2013
175
TS-INT-001-2004-05
176
TS-INT-001-2012_draft
177
TS-INT-001-2014
178
TS-INT-001_2008_UPDATE-081206
179
TS-INT-002
180
VDA260-1990-08
181
VDA 260-2007-04
197
VW50105_CH_08.2000
198
VW50106_07.2000
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TL226 2006年4月主题词：油漆, 涂漆，施漆, 油漆作业，内饰配件,移印，擦子压强，热压印热封，IMD(内部装饰件)，立体印刷变化与2003年11月版TL226相比，有以下变化：-表1修订- 2.1.1章，塑料材质涂层样件描述进行了修正- 3.8章“耐刮擦”进行了修正- 3.10.1章“热老化“修正- 3.15增加“耐乳霜”测试-参考标准进行更新-标准重组与上一版本相比有改变的地方已经用竖线标识。
之前版本：1981-02, 1986-12, 1995-01, 1995-10, 1998-11, 2003-111. 范围本标准适用于施漆工艺,移印，热封和IMD (内部装饰件) –涂层, 涂漆的金属和非金属材料立体印刷，即汽车室内使用。
2.描述2.1样件描述2.1.1塑料涂层双组分装饰涂料,按TL 226,S 15 to 30 μm双组分装饰触摸涂料,按TL 226,S 30 to 50 μm2.1.2金属涂层面漆粉末根据TL226, 涂层机构根据TL256.3 要求下面技术要求,如果对某种构件或一定范围内的构件在使用上受到限制或不宜使用,则在图纸上应有说明.3.1 基本技术要求首次供货和更改的批准根据VW01155避免有害物质按VW 911 01对于一次圆满试验,至少需要5件成品部件或总面积为0.5 m2的零件成品部件的性能、也就是所要求的技术参数,如果由于上漆而受到损害,一定要锁定在允许范围之内.涂层/油漆和潜在的修补油漆应该牢固的粘附与基层或原始漆层上。
修补漆区域应该标示出来。
供应商应该提供所有零件的以下信息：1.基面材料的说明（制造商名称和VDA（汽车工业联合会）标记）2.颜色3.预处理4.油漆结构a)清晰，例如用异丙醇b)表面活化，例如曝露与火焰c)其他表面处理，例如锌磷化5.油漆机构（所有参数定义）6.上漆位置7.上漆日期3.2 外观及触觉特性零件的整体表面应显现出一致的外观；应符合图纸要求并为触感特性，光泽，颜色释放样件。
气泡，开裂，流痕和对表面有不利影响其他缺陷是不允许的。
根据VW50190，颜色和光泽度应在首批测试报告中指出。
3.3 空气暴露试验空气暴露试验根据VW50185测试期间供应商有义务清除引起抱怨事件的原因并改进上漆系统.3.4 上漆过程上漆流程应该由上漆工厂和油漆供应商.双方应该在首样测试报告中确定工艺, 为实现要求,上方都需负责.具体责任如下:-油漆供应商应提供按照TL标准要求履行的信息，提供工艺指导书和支持相关应用喷漆方法。
-上漆工厂应提供基地信息（塑料型号和品名），尽早核对要求（也适用试生产零件：附着力），遵守油漆制造厂的工艺指导书，并要求支持相关的喷漆放法。
3.5 条件所有样品发出测试前必须与处理：温度波动范围(18 ～ 28)℃小的室温放置7天或者60℃温度下放置48小时。
目测评估开始前，每个独立测试完成后样品应至少处理30分钟.根据3.7章和3.8章的测试是在(18 ～ 28)℃预处理1 小时之后进行。
纤维增强、球状扩大或鼓涨的构件,是在(18 ～ 28)℃预处理24 h之后进行试验.3.6 上漆系统见表13.7.1 十字划格测试十字划格测试根据DIN EN ISO 2409，随即突然用胶粘带拉拔. 例如，可以使用Beiersdorf 公司的4657型胶带.要求:十字划格测试值≤13.7.2 十字划格（安德烈十字切痕法）如果由于涂漆工件的几何形体不宜进行划格试验,也可以实行十字切痕试验法. 测试：试验: 先在漆面上划出十字切痕,随即用胶粘带拉拔.划十字的刀具,刀刃薄而锋锐,例如：梯形刀刃的安全刀具。
要求：拔下胶粘带后,带上不见有油漆颗粒.3.8 耐刮擦测试根据PV3952.划格试验法: 试样 d = 1mm,划痕间距2 mm.负荷差额 20 N.例如复杂的零件或总成零件：测试例如试验用 318型埃里希森硬度测试棒进行,负荷为10 N,根据Bosch (尖端为0.75 mm)要求：- 喷漆无裂缝（材料移除）- 荷后产生在基料的缺口标记是可以的3.9 排放物性能测试根据VW50180.以下偏差要求适用测试根据PV3341包含在VW50180用于非金属材料：-溶剂型油漆系统：对于未上漆结构件,所要求的放射值大约可以超过30 μgC/g-水溶性油漆系统：对于未上漆结构件,所要求的放射值大约可以超过10 μgC/g-对于上漆金属材料的技术要求: 上漆的构件不得超过20 μgC/g的放射值.3.10 耐温度3.10.1 热老化测试：放置在循环空气烘箱中.—置于间接日照的构件:搁置时间240 h,搁置温度 (90+2)℃—置于直接日照的构件:(例如在仪表板上方区域，除霜通道),搁置时间500 h, 搁置温度 (120+2)℃—置于阳光过渡区(例如通风口，方向盘)的构件, 搁置时间500 h,搁置温度(105+2)℃技术要求: 与供货状态的构件比较,没有光学和声学上的变化,技术要求同.要求：-与供货状态的构件比较,没有外观和触觉特性上的变化,技术要求同样也要满足3.7条和3.8条 (注意3.5条)3.10.2 环境循环测试测试：-奥迪：96 h,按PV 1200标准-大众: 60循环,按PV 2005标准(40循环后首次评估)技术要求: 同供货状态比较,无肉眼可见的改变,技术要求同样也要满足3.7条和3.8条(注意3.5条)3.11 耐候性3.11.1 恒温冷凝水测试大气CH 根据DIN EN ISO 6270-2,测试时间240小时，测试评估应根据DIN EN ISO 4628-2.，在30分钟后要求：-无起泡-同时满足3.7和3.8条（注意3.5条）3.11.2 腐蚀循环测试（只用于上漆的金属材料）测试：根据PV1210需15个循环；按照DIN EN ISO 7253, 8.5条和DIN EN ISO 4628-8的总成刮线法要求：-无起泡，无装饰锈迹，无底层金属腐蚀-附着丢失 d ≤ 2.5 mm, 但绝不可＞5 mm.3.11.3 耐光测试根据PV1303，循环数根据安装位置（见4.1条）要求：-DIN EN 20 105-A02标准灰色尺寸的颜色牢度分数为4-其他视觉缺陷，例如颜色改变或裂缝，是不允许的- 技术要求同样也要满足3.7条和3.8条(注意3.5条)3.12.1 阳光模拟实验测试：-测试根据DIN 75220,2个循环（=480小时）根据D-IN1-T.要求：在颜色和触觉特性上无改变- 与接受条件相比在颜色和触觉特性上无改变- 技术要求同样也要满足3.7条和3.8条(注意3.5条)3.12.3 耐磨性能3.12.3.1 概述试验按 PV 3906标准和4.2条.3.12.3.2耐摩擦度测定器100次行程情况下耐干(棉)擦布性能-油漆层表面评估：涂漆表面评估:与供货状态比较,没有肉眼可见的变化,例如漆层结构的变化或者伤害了色调的摩擦痕迹-研磨布的评估：棉擦布开始流出液汁相当于DIN EN 20 105 – A03灰色尺寸的颜色牢度分数4.3.12.3.3 耐摩擦度测定器100次行程情况下耐(水)湿(棉)擦布性能—涂漆表面评估:与供货状态比较,没有肉眼可见的变化,例如漆层结构的变化或者伤害了色调的摩擦痕迹—棉擦布评估: 棉擦布开始流出液汁相当于DIN EN 20 105 – A03灰色尺寸的颜色牢度分数4.注释:所谓“湿”抹布,就是所提供的棉擦布为“中等湿度的”抹布.该抹布放在各自的介质中至少1 min.然后紧接着置于滤纸之间,被滤纸迅速地吸去其介质.3.12.3.4耐摩擦度2000次行程下干布用于重负荷区内的构件 (例如方向盘、控制手柄).—涂漆表面评估:与供货状态比较,没有肉眼可见的变化,例如油漆结构的变化或者伤害了色调的摩擦痕迹—棉擦布评估: 棉擦布开始流出液汁状态相当于DIN EN 20 105 – A03灰色尺寸的颜色牢度分数4.3.13耐清洁剂和人工汗液3.13.1 测试介质- 0.5%体积的水溶液表面活性溶液，例如，洗碗液。
- 含氨和酒精的洗涤溶剂,（例如，洗窗剂），未稀释的。
- 石油醚（根据DIN51631的特殊沸点II，80℃ / 100℃）- 甲基化酒精根据TL52117- 测试介质“人工汗液”- 溶剂A：0.75%体积的醋酸（附加物:7.5 ml 100%的醋酸,补充1升蒸馏）- 容积B：含水的氨溶液，例如，0.036重量%和0.5重量%的NaCl [ 附加物:1 g NH3- 溶液(25%)和补充蒸馏水690.72 g (“实际上”:690 g),给NaCl 3.47 g ].3.13.2 滴液测试试验：用一个吸液管将0.1ML的溶剂滴在漆层表面。
介质作用10分钟后，在60℃的机械循环空气中烘干30分钟。
表面评价，需在处理24小时后进行。
要求:-喷涂颜色，光泽度或漆层结构无变化.-光泽度变化只有在这样的情况下,才可定下来,这时候,这些变化用湿润的抹布也是擦不掉的.3.13.3磨损性能试验：耐摩擦度测定器用洗涤剂浸透的(棉)擦布擦拭10个行程,参见3.13.1条的注释.要求：- 评估漆层表面：喷涂颜色，光泽度或漆层结构无变化. 光泽度变化只有在这样的情况下,才可定下来,这时候,这些变化用湿润的抹布也是擦不掉的- 评估摩擦布：棉擦布开始流出液汁状态相当于DIN EN 20 105 – A03灰色尺寸的颜色牢度分数4.3.14 耐护手霜测试根据PV3964颜色视觉评估要求，等：-光泽增加是允许的，颜色和触觉特性的改变是不合理的。
-要求见3.7章和3.8章（3.5章的注释）.4.测试注意4.1 耐光单个零件的测试周期（喷涂材料）-后隔架，行李箱装饰件 10个循环灰度等级4 -方向盘，内部镜 6-用覆膜和织物材料（上边缘成型） 5的门板装饰件直接暴露于阳光下-用覆膜和织物材料的门板装饰件 3间接暴露于阳光下-立柱版，直接暴露于阳光下 5 -立柱版，间接暴露于阳光下 3 - 座椅（车内饰品覆盖材料） 3 - 仪表板（总成及覆膜） 5 - 转向柱护罩 3 - 顶篷内饰（多种装饰总成） 2 - 地毯，连接后备箱装饰件 2 - 隐藏零件(例如，链接后备箱装饰件) 2 - 间接暴露在阳光下的零件（例如， 3 门板下侧的装饰件）。