Language and culture 介绍语言与文化的(课堂PPT)
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语言与文化讲义PPT
Western country believe： Tact Maxim(得体准则) Neither dishonor others nor lower oneself。
9.5.3 Colour Words
9.5.4 Privacy and taboos
9.5.5 Rounding off numbers
Take care. Get well soon. Wish you feel better soon. Hope a ealy recovery. Get some sleep.
English style
I'd better going now, you must be very tired. Well, I'd better let you have some sleep. Tomorrow, I have to get up early, I must go.
Chairman Jiang General Chen Doctor Wang Principle Jin Manager Liu Mayor Zhang
In Western country, Kinship is super easy.
Because they got uncle, aunt, grandpa, granny, brother&sister or just cousin.
White Black Green Yellow Blue Purple Gray(Grey) Brown Pink
1. green (绿色) green hand 新手 eg.We are green hands, so we must learn from the old workers. 作为新人， 我们一定要向老工人学习。 green 嫉妒 eg. I was absolutely green when I saw his splendid new car. 我看到他那辆漂亮的汽车就非常眼红。 green面带病容 eg. What's wrong with you? You are looking green. 你怎么了？脸色看起来很苍白。
跨文化交际课件第四章语言与文化Language and culture概要1
Words different in denotation
Things or concepts are represented by one or perhaps two terms in one language, but by many more terms in the other language, i.e. finer distinctions exist inor Street Walking
It is said that in Rome, in front of a shoe store, there was such a sign to attract English-speaking customers: Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit. The sign caught the attention of many Englishspeaking tourists, but not to look at the shoes displayed in the windows, but to read the sign and then break out into laughter.
Case 3 A Misunderstanding Caused
by a Joke
Roger was the Personnel Executive of a large American multinational firm. In 1996, Roger was working in Brazil to help promote their business. One evening, there was a party, attended by both his employees from the United States and many Brazilian business people. At the party, Roger bumped into Rosalita, a Brazilian woman he had known for some time. Roger generally had a very good impression of Rosalita and always felt at ease with her, so that he felt free to tell jokes and share personal thoughts, and talk about Brazil and Brazilian life without having the jitters of offending Rosalita.
语言学Language and culture(课堂PPT)
7
Properties of Culture
• Culture is human specific. • Culture is a social phenomenon. • Culture is a national phenomenon. • Culture is a historical phenomenon. • Culture contains several subcultures.
8
Properties of culture
• a. human specific(人类所特有的）: • only human beings have what can be
called culture
• b. social phenomenon（社会现象）: • it is a cooperative product of human
established by its forefathers and makes its own contribution to the development of the culture in which it lives in.
13
14
Cultural impact on language
should pay attention to the sameness and difference between two cultures
11
• Each nation has its unique culture
12
• d. historical phenomenon（历史继承性）: • each generation inherits the culture
societies, not natural things got directly from nature.
Properties of Culture
• Culture is human specific. • Culture is a social phenomenon. • Culture is a national phenomenon. • Culture is a historical phenomenon. • Culture contains several subcultures.
8
Properties of culture
• a. human specific(人类所特有的）: • only human beings have what can be
called culture
• b. social phenomenon（社会现象）: • it is a cooperative product of human
established by its forefathers and makes its own contribution to the development of the culture in which it lives in.
13
14
Cultural impact on language
should pay attention to the sameness and difference between two cultures
11
• Each nation has its unique culture
12
• d. historical phenomenon（历史继承性）: • each generation inherits the culture
societies, not natural things got directly from nature.
文化语言学语言与文化课件
文化休克的症状
包括迷失、困惑、恐惧、愤怒、焦虑等情绪反应，以及行为上的不 适应、社交障碍等。
文化休克的应对策略
包括学习新文化的语言、习俗、价值观等，寻求帮助和支持，以及 积极融入新文化等。
04
语言与文化的教育
语言与文化教育的意义
促进文化传承
通过语言与文化的教育，可以更好地传承和弘扬民族文化，增进学 生对本土文化的了解和认同。
详细描述
语篇的结构、风格、修辞手法等都反映了特定的文化背景和价值观。理解语篇中 的文化内涵有助于深入理解语言和文化的交互作用。
03
跨文化交际中的语言问 题
文化差异对语言交际的影响
语言行为差异
不同文化背景下，人们的语言行 为和表达方式存在差异，如寒暄 、道别、感谢、道歉等，这些差
异可能引发误解或冲突。
语言与文化的互动关系
01
语言与文化的相互依存
语言与文化相互依存，互为表里。语言是文化的表现形式和载体，而文
化则是语言的内涵和基础。
02
语言与文化的相互影响
语言与文化之间的互动关系是动态的，它们相互影响、相互塑造。语言
的使用和发展受到文化的影响和制约，而文化则通过语言表达和传承。
03
跨文化交流中的语言与文化
跨学科融合
将语言学和文化学的研究方法、 视角和理论进行跨学科融合，以 更全面地揭示语言与文化的复杂
关系。
深化对比研究
对比不同语言和文化之间的异同 ，揭示各种语言和文化在表达、 思维和行为方式上的特点，为跨 文化交流和外语教学提供指导。
01
03
02 04
关注语言的演变
深入研究语言的发展和演变过程 ，揭示语言在历史长河中的变迁 以及背后的社会、文化和心理因 素。
包括迷失、困惑、恐惧、愤怒、焦虑等情绪反应，以及行为上的不 适应、社交障碍等。
文化休克的应对策略
包括学习新文化的语言、习俗、价值观等，寻求帮助和支持，以及 积极融入新文化等。
04
语言与文化的教育
语言与文化教育的意义
促进文化传承
通过语言与文化的教育，可以更好地传承和弘扬民族文化，增进学 生对本土文化的了解和认同。
详细描述
语篇的结构、风格、修辞手法等都反映了特定的文化背景和价值观。理解语篇中 的文化内涵有助于深入理解语言和文化的交互作用。
03
跨文化交际中的语言问 题
文化差异对语言交际的影响
语言行为差异
不同文化背景下，人们的语言行 为和表达方式存在差异，如寒暄 、道别、感谢、道歉等，这些差
异可能引发误解或冲突。
语言与文化的互动关系
01
语言与文化的相互依存
语言与文化相互依存，互为表里。语言是文化的表现形式和载体，而文
化则是语言的内涵和基础。
02
语言与文化的相互影响
语言与文化之间的互动关系是动态的，它们相互影响、相互塑造。语言
的使用和发展受到文化的影响和制约，而文化则通过语言表达和传承。
03
跨文化交流中的语言与文化
跨学科融合
将语言学和文化学的研究方法、 视角和理论进行跨学科融合，以 更全面地揭示语言与文化的复杂
关系。
深化对比研究
对比不同语言和文化之间的异同 ，揭示各种语言和文化在表达、 思维和行为方式上的特点，为跨 文化交流和外语教学提供指导。
01
03
02 04
关注语言的演变
深入研究语言的发展和演变过程 ，揭示语言在历史长河中的变迁 以及背后的社会、文化和心理因 素。
语言与文化PPT资料21页
西方的「文化」概念，起源於拉丁文的 “cultura”，在它的原始意義裡，是指種 植農作物、飼養動物，含有培育、管理的 意思。到了十六世紀，它的意義又延伸到 人類的思想教化及發展的過程。
總之，文化是人類活動的一切產物
四、相關研究
在語言學及外語教學界有許多人早已提出了詞彙帶有文 化負荷的問題。在美國二十世紀中葉以來，相繼舉行了關 於語言、教學與文化之關係的相關研討會及出版相關文集， 指出外語教學若只注重文法和詞彙的累積，忽略文化因素， 常常會導致交際失當或溝通中產生誤解。另外，俄國的一 些語言學家提出了一門外語教學法學科 — 語言國情學， 主張把俄語學習和熟悉俄國的社會文化兩者緊密地結合起 來。其主要觀點表現在«語言與文化» (初版1973，第二版 1976年)一書中。語言國情學的出發點及任務十分單純而 明確：學習外語的同時，應了解該語言使用國的文化知識， 並為此建立一套教學法。
語言與文化
一、前言： 二、何為語言？ 三、何謂文化？ 四、相關研究 五、語言與文化之關係 六、結論
一、前言
美國已故學者Edward Sapir 說：「語言的 背後是有東西的。並且，語言不能離文化 而存在。所謂文化就是社會遺傳下來的習 慣和信仰的總和，由它可以決定我們的生 活組織[1]。」
既然文化是人類生活的一切產物，因此語言 可以算是文化的一種，兩者實難分開。語言 在其自身的歷史洪流中累積了無數“文化沈 澱物”。語言文字的應用，歸根結底更離不 開對該語言的民族文化背景的了解[3]。
[3] 俞約法 語言國情學及其背景－從語言及文化的背景看蘇聯的文 化語言學/ 語言國情學，上海 2019,pp. 71~72
五、語言與文化之關係
十八、九世紀洪堡特(W. von Humboldt)提 出「語言相關論」(linguistic relativism)，認為：語言反映了一個民族 的社會、文化、心理結構，同時個人的世 界觀又受到語言的控制。美國人類語言學 家薩披爾(Edward Sapir)和沃爾夫(B. L. Whorf)比較美洲印地安語言，證實了：各 個民族的時間觀念、空間觀念、色彩觀念、 親族觀念、主語賓語觀念都不一樣，這些 民族觀念反應在語言上。
language and culture大学英语语言学课件
感谢与称赞
Байду номын сангаас
Thank you, 哪里,哪里
Other types of solutions:
accept by agreeing A: Your dress is very nice. B: Yeah, this is my favorite dress. reject by disagreeing (indirect/implicit rejection) A: You did a great job cleaning the house. B: Well, I guess you haven’t seen the kid’s room.
3
What is culture?
Culture, in a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community.
9
The influence of language on culture
Language as a reflection of environment: language reflects the environment we live. e.g. “camel” “snow”
10
The relationship between language and culture
17
Thanks and compliments
Байду номын сангаас
Thank you, 哪里,哪里
Other types of solutions:
accept by agreeing A: Your dress is very nice. B: Yeah, this is my favorite dress. reject by disagreeing (indirect/implicit rejection) A: You did a great job cleaning the house. B: Well, I guess you haven’t seen the kid’s room.
3
What is culture?
Culture, in a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community.
9
The influence of language on culture
Language as a reflection of environment: language reflects the environment we live. e.g. “camel” “snow”
10
The relationship between language and culture
17
Thanks and compliments
语言文化英语学习PPT课件
After exchanging a few polite remarks when we met, he observed that I looked “fat”, and having made the complimentary remark he started a violent attack on the revolutionaries.
语言、文化：英语学习
文化趋同与语言的融合 全国围棋甲级联赛爆出冷门
——上海队遭遇滑铁卢 《文汇报》一则标题
遭遇滑铁卢：to meet one’s Waterloo
语言、文化：英语学习
文化趋同与语言的融合
Confucianism Taoism kungfu paper tiger kowtow
本末倒置 to put the cart before the horse
语言、文化：英语学习
文化差异：
语用含义（pragmatic implication) 浅花叫了一声奔着井沿跑去，她心里一冷，
差一点没栽倒地上死过去。她想，竟来不及拉他一 把, 自己也跳到井里去吧。
Qianhua screamed and ran to the well. In a moment of her horror she almost fainted and fell. She thought that since she had failed to save him, she was well jump in and make an end herself.
语言、文化：英语学习
语言、文化：英语学习
语言与文化密不可分。语言是文化的载体 和交流的工具。
文化史人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的 物质财富和精神财富的总和，是人类社会 进步文明的全部成果。
语言、文化：英语学习
文化趋同与语言的融合 全国围棋甲级联赛爆出冷门
——上海队遭遇滑铁卢 《文汇报》一则标题
遭遇滑铁卢：to meet one’s Waterloo
语言、文化：英语学习
文化趋同与语言的融合
Confucianism Taoism kungfu paper tiger kowtow
本末倒置 to put the cart before the horse
语言、文化：英语学习
文化差异：
语用含义（pragmatic implication) 浅花叫了一声奔着井沿跑去，她心里一冷，
差一点没栽倒地上死过去。她想，竟来不及拉他一 把, 自己也跳到井里去吧。
Qianhua screamed and ran to the well. In a moment of her horror she almost fainted and fell. She thought that since she had failed to save him, she was well jump in and make an end herself.
语言、文化：英语学习
语言、文化：英语学习
语言与文化密不可分。语言是文化的载体 和交流的工具。
文化史人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的 物质财富和精神财富的总和，是人类社会 进步文明的全部成果。
语言与文化ppt课件
еонова М. В. 曾經說過
的：學習語言的同時也應該要注意文化的學習。 要學好一國的語言不單只是注重聽、說、讀、寫 的技巧與能力，該國的文化學習也是非常重要 的。如果只是一味地強記單字而不去了解該國的 社會、歷史及文化，那在學習的過程中必定充滿 艱辛及不確定性。即使語言能力很強，但是對文 化不了解的話在面對翻譯的問題的時候，必然會 遇到一些困難而無法將原文做最貼切的傳譯。
二、何為語言？
➢ 語言是溝通的工具，是用來表達自己情感、 了解他人想法的工具。
➢ 語言是人類文明的產物也是文化的一環。 語言不僅是我們所學的中文、英文，甚至 顏色、圖畫、符號、標誌、肢體動作、表 情等都是語言的一種。所以我們所想的每 一件事都可能創造、毀壞或影響了語言， 相對的，語言也影響了我們的思想和行動。
➢ 俄國學者 Верешагин Е. М. 及Костомаров В. Г.在«字的 語言國情學理論»[1]一書中提出以下的論點：除了字詞本 身的原始語義概念以外，在字詞背後所牽涉到的民族文化 背景也是應該要注意的。而 Симеонова М. В. 也曾說過： “學習語言的同時也應該要注意文化的學習。”[2]
1889, pp 245~272 ➢ 4. Верешагин Е. М. Костомаров В. Г. Лингвострановедческая теория слова. М.
1980 ➢ 5. Симеонова М. В. Русский язык и национальная культура/ 俄國語文學報 第九期
台北 2006, p.278 ➢ 6. 俞約法 語言國情學及其背景－從語言及文化的背景看蘇聯的文化語言學/ 語言國情
學，上海 2005, pp. 71~72 ➢ 7. 羅常培 語言與文化 北京 2003
的：學習語言的同時也應該要注意文化的學習。 要學好一國的語言不單只是注重聽、說、讀、寫 的技巧與能力，該國的文化學習也是非常重要 的。如果只是一味地強記單字而不去了解該國的 社會、歷史及文化，那在學習的過程中必定充滿 艱辛及不確定性。即使語言能力很強，但是對文 化不了解的話在面對翻譯的問題的時候，必然會 遇到一些困難而無法將原文做最貼切的傳譯。
二、何為語言？
➢ 語言是溝通的工具，是用來表達自己情感、 了解他人想法的工具。
➢ 語言是人類文明的產物也是文化的一環。 語言不僅是我們所學的中文、英文，甚至 顏色、圖畫、符號、標誌、肢體動作、表 情等都是語言的一種。所以我們所想的每 一件事都可能創造、毀壞或影響了語言， 相對的，語言也影響了我們的思想和行動。
➢ 俄國學者 Верешагин Е. М. 及Костомаров В. Г.在«字的 語言國情學理論»[1]一書中提出以下的論點：除了字詞本 身的原始語義概念以外，在字詞背後所牽涉到的民族文化 背景也是應該要注意的。而 Симеонова М. В. 也曾說過： “學習語言的同時也應該要注意文化的學習。”[2]
1889, pp 245~272 ➢ 4. Верешагин Е. М. Костомаров В. Г. Лингвострановедческая теория слова. М.
1980 ➢ 5. Симеонова М. В. Русский язык и национальная культура/ 俄國語文學報 第九期
台北 2006, p.278 ➢ 6. 俞約法 語言國情學及其背景－從語言及文化的背景看蘇聯的文化語言學/ 語言國情
學，上海 2005, pp. 71~72 ➢ 7. 羅常培 語言與文化 北京 2003
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4
Relationship between language and culture
• Language is part of culture. • Language is the carrier and container of culture. • Language is influenced and shaped by culture. • Every people have its distinct language and culture.
Language and culture
For Lemon Grass
1
Outline
• What is language , what is culture and the relationship between them.
• Dialect(方言) in different culture. • Idioms(俗语) in different culture. • Chinese + English = Chinglish(中国式英语) • The significance of cultural learning in learning language • Conclusion
7
Dialect in different culture
People in North America of different areas speak different English.
8
Idioms in different culture
• Idioms as a special form of language exit in both of them and carry a large amount of cultural information such as history , geography , and religion , custom , nationality psychology , thought pattern and etc , and therefore are closely related to culture .
• Sociologists think that language is social behavior and language has a social function , both as a means of communication and also a way of identifying social groups.
3
What is culture?
• In a broad way , culture means the total way of life of a person ,including the patter of belief , customs , objects , institutions , techniques, and language that characterizes the life of human community.
2
What is Language?
• Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas , emotions ,and desires by a system of voluntarily produced symbols .These symbols are auditory and are produced by the organs of speech.
Different cultures make their different ideas , values and beliefs reflected in different languages .
5
in different culture
• Dialect is a mirror of culture . It reflects different culture in different area. Dialect is the form of language that is spoken in one area with grammar , words and pronunciation that may be different from other forms of the same language.
6
Dialect in different culture
Different town has different dialect. If 2 persons coming from different place do not learn Putonghua , they will confused by separate dialect.
• Idioms basically comes from the folk, and to a great extent , reflects a nationality’s cultural characteristics , and the different nationality’s experience of life and the national languages.
• In a narrow way , culture may refer to local or specific practice , beliefs or customs , which can be mostly found in folk culture , enterprise culture of food culture and so on.
9
For example
• Britain Island is surrounded by sea . That’s the reason that words or terms about sea and boat are rich , such as smooth sailing , all at sea ; ship ,ferry ,canoe ,barge ,yawl .
Relationship between language and culture
• Language is part of culture. • Language is the carrier and container of culture. • Language is influenced and shaped by culture. • Every people have its distinct language and culture.
Language and culture
For Lemon Grass
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Outline
• What is language , what is culture and the relationship between them.
• Dialect(方言) in different culture. • Idioms(俗语) in different culture. • Chinese + English = Chinglish(中国式英语) • The significance of cultural learning in learning language • Conclusion
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Dialect in different culture
People in North America of different areas speak different English.
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Idioms in different culture
• Idioms as a special form of language exit in both of them and carry a large amount of cultural information such as history , geography , and religion , custom , nationality psychology , thought pattern and etc , and therefore are closely related to culture .
• Sociologists think that language is social behavior and language has a social function , both as a means of communication and also a way of identifying social groups.
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What is culture?
• In a broad way , culture means the total way of life of a person ,including the patter of belief , customs , objects , institutions , techniques, and language that characterizes the life of human community.
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What is Language?
• Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas , emotions ,and desires by a system of voluntarily produced symbols .These symbols are auditory and are produced by the organs of speech.
Different cultures make their different ideas , values and beliefs reflected in different languages .
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in different culture
• Dialect is a mirror of culture . It reflects different culture in different area. Dialect is the form of language that is spoken in one area with grammar , words and pronunciation that may be different from other forms of the same language.
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Dialect in different culture
Different town has different dialect. If 2 persons coming from different place do not learn Putonghua , they will confused by separate dialect.
• Idioms basically comes from the folk, and to a great extent , reflects a nationality’s cultural characteristics , and the different nationality’s experience of life and the national languages.
• In a narrow way , culture may refer to local or specific practice , beliefs or customs , which can be mostly found in folk culture , enterprise culture of food culture and so on.
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For example
• Britain Island is surrounded by sea . That’s the reason that words or terms about sea and boat are rich , such as smooth sailing , all at sea ; ship ,ferry ,canoe ,barge ,yawl .