专题十八 阅读理解之一细节理解题(解析版)

专题十八阅读理解之一细节理解题（解析版）阅读细节理解题一般分两种情况；直接事实题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常见的类型有对号入座题、是非判断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等)以及间接事实题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。

一、细节理解题中的是非判断题常见命题形式有：Which of the following(statements)is NOT true?According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?Which of the following statement is NOT accurate?Which of the following statements is FALSE?这类题主要测试考生对文章内容是否真正看懂，是否理解得非常精确和全面。

做这类题时，要把四个选项逐一与文中信息对照才能确定。

通常可以在做完其他题型后再做，因为在查找其他信息时，可能会找到与是非题有关的信息，从而节省时间。

二、细节理解题中的排除题常见命题形式有：Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?Which of the following is NOT listed as a reason for Which of the following is NOT mentioned with regard to…?Which of the following is NOT referred to by the author?The author describes．．．as all of the following EXCEPT_____________．The author mentions all of the items listed below EXCEPT_____________．Which of the following does the author NOT express?做这类题目时，可以先读问题及选项，然后带着问题去读文章，并逐一排除错误选项，这样既可以提高阅读速度，又能保证答题的准确率。

三、细节理解题中的因果题常见命题形式有：The reason why．．．is that__．What is the author's reason for__?The reason why．．．is___．What was the cause of__?In the author's opinion…．results from__／results in__．What is the main factor that contributes to…according to the passage?According to the passage．the…is mainly due to__．On what grou nds does the author say that it is necessary to…?因果题主要针对文章的内容考查考生对有关因果关系的理解，根据文章内容判断事情发展的原因及所导致的结果。

做这种题应注意区分论点和论据、原因和结果、直接原因和间接原因以及主题句和支撑句。

要特别注意文章中表示原因或结果的词汇和短语，例如：because，because of'，as a result／consequence of result from，due to，owing to，thanks to，so，as a result ／consequence，therefore，thus，lead to，result in等。

四、细节理解题中的排序题常见命题形式有：1．Which of the following shows the right order?2．Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?文章中叙述某些情节，然后在设题时将各个情节重新表述，打乱次序。

任意排列成若干点，要求同学们判断哪个符合文章内容的正确排序，这就是所谓排序题。

做这种题时首先应注意把握文章的时间线索，其次注意观察事件发展的先后顺序及。

情节安排的规律，其次应把注意力放在分析因与果上，一般来说因在先、果在后。

五、细节理解题解题技巧及步骤：1.阅读理解细节题解题技巧：①语义转换题--跳读查找法：根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。

②生活应用题--常识理解法：在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。

③细节排序题--首尾定位法：根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。

④寻找信息题--题干定位法：寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。

2.阅读理解细节题解题步骤：①浏览全文，了解信息。

快速通读全文，大致了解不同信息间的差异，为解决问题做好信息储备。

②抓关键词，快速寻读。

根据题目要求，从题干中抓住关键性词语，以此为线索，通过略读和寻读的方法快速而准确地在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息，找到后仔细阅读，反复品味，认真比较选项和文中细节，在准确理解该细节的前提下，排除干扰项，从而确定答案。

③回读信息，验证答案。

确定答案后，必须回读原文，再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。

总之，对于细节理解题，我们要恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。

【考例1】(2018天津夏,A)Fire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers(灭火器). They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systemsconsisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄)these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.Fire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift.·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangeroussituation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property. Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.Smoke DetectorsA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(闪动),contact residence hall staff immediately.·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.1.What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?A. To provide part-time jobs for students.B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.2. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?A. Pipes and smoke detectors.B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.3.In a fire drill, the students should .A. rush quickly to a liftB. gather at the nearest exitC. shut the door and leave at onceD. wait for instructions in the hall4.What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.【答案】1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A【解析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。