笔译的分类

合集下载

catti笔译试题

catti笔译试题

catti笔译试题
CATTI 笔译试题主要包括以下题型:
1. 英译中:选择一篇英文文章进行中文翻译,通常涉及政治、经济、文化、科技、社会等领域。

2. 中译英:选择一篇中文文章进行英文翻译,内容与英译中相似。

CATTI 笔译试题难度较大,要求考生具备较强的语言运用能力和文化背景知识。

考生需要通过大量的练习和实践,提高自己的翻译水平。

为了更好地备考 CATTI 笔译考试,建议考生:
1. 注重语言基础:CATTI 笔译考试要求考生具备较强的语言基础,包括词汇、语法、句型等方面。

考生需要注重积累,提高自己的语言水平。

2. 了解文化背景:CATTI 笔译考试涉及的内容非常广泛,要求考生对各个领域都有一定的了解。

考生需要了解不同国家和地区的文化背景,以便更好地理解和翻译相关内容。

3. 多做模拟试题:CATTI 笔译考试形式和难度与实际工作相似,考生需要通过多做模拟试题来熟悉考试形式和难度,提高自己的应试能力。

4. 学习翻译技巧:CATTI 笔译考试要求考生掌握一定的翻译技巧,如增译、减译、词义选择等。

考生需要学习相关的翻译技巧,提高自己的翻译水平。

5. 参加培训课程:CATTI 笔译考试难度较大,考生可以通过参加相关的培
训课程来系统地学习翻译知识和技巧,提高自己的备考效率。

中英高级翻译-翻译概述

中英高级翻译-翻译概述

3. 按翻译材料的文体分类: 应用文体翻译 科技文体翻译
论述文体翻译新闻文体翻译 艺术文体翻译 4. 按处理方式分类:全译 节译 摘译 编译 译述
chéng xiáng), 生龙活 虎
• 亚洲四小龙
• 撒旦被称为dragon • 凶暴的女人为dragon
• She is a real dragon, you’d better keep away from her.
• 她是凶狠(xiōnghěn)的 母夜叉, 最好离她远点
精品资料
红 & red
精品资料
Dogs are men’s good friends.
• Every dog has its day. • a lucky dog • Love me, love my dog. • help a dog over a stilt • as faithful as a dog
• 人人皆有得意日 • 幸运儿 • 爱屋及乌 • 助人度过难关 • 形容(xíngróng)人的忠
精品资料
• 语言学观点(guāndiǎn): • Translation is “the replacement of textual material in
one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)” (J. C. Catford, 1965:20). • Translation is “an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language” (Jakobson, 1959/1966: 233). • Translation is the expression in another language (or target language) of what has been expressed in another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences (Dubois).

口译笔译分类词汇(04)--政治政府词汇

口译笔译分类词汇(04)--政治政府词汇

口译笔译分类词汇(04)--政治政府词汇按保护价敞开收购粮食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices把处理事与处理人结合起来integrate the handling of cases with the handling of violators把有限的资金用在“刀刃上”use our limited funds where they can be put to best use保持经济适度快速增长maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth保监会the China Insurance Regulatory Commission保证国家的长治久安guarantee China’s long-term stability保证社会公共需要guarantee social needs保证这些项目如期建成并发挥效益ensure that these projects are completed according to schedule and yield economic returns避免形成倒逼机制、欲罢不能The uncompleted projects cannot drag on and on and require excessive investment.不合法、不合理基金和收费项目illegal and unjustifiable funds and charges不会导致货币过量发行without causing overissue of currency不进则退no progress simply means regression不良贷款non- performing loans不能搞赤字预算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets不再经商no longer engage in trade财政偿还能力our ability to service debt财政的承受能力financial capacity财政监督条例the Regulations on Financial Supervision财政日子将更加难过We will be in financial straits.财政收入占国内生产总值的比重the ratio of revenue to GDP财政收支基本平衡的原则a principle of maintaining a basic balance between revenue and expenditures财政资金申请、立项、拨付、使用效果等各个环节的监督supervision over the whole process of fund allocation from application, project determination and actual allocation to returns on investment拆迁补偿费compensation for demolition产权划转和产权变动the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises产销衔接状况the ratio of sales to production产业升级upgrade industries长江流域的生态掩体an ecological shelter along the Yangtze River Valley长江三峡和黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程the key water projects at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River长期国债long-term government bonds常务委员Standing Committee member车辆购置税暂行条例the Interim Regulations on the Tax on Vehicle Purchases成长型企业市场(指二板市场)growing enterprise market (GEM)城乡电网改造projects for upgrading urban and rural power grids城镇登记失业率registered unemployment rate in cities and towns城镇社会保障体系urban social security system城镇职工医疗保险制度改革medical insurance for urban workers城镇住房制度改革reform of the urban housing system出口经营权由审批制向登记备案制过渡the transition from an examination and approval system to a registration and recording system for the right to engage in export出口配额export quotas传统产业conventional industries创新体系an innovation system垂直管理vertical management从源头上、制度上堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes in terms of their sources and systems促进公平分配promote fair distribution of social wealth村村通广播电视工程project “extend radio and TV coverage to every village”存款准备金reserves against deposit大部分科技力量游离于企业和市场之外a majority of scientific personnel being divorced from enterprises and the market大力推进粮食流通体制改革step up our efforts to promote the reform of the grain distribution system大面积多光区光纤光谱天文望远镜a large sky area multi-object fiber-spectroscopy telescope 贷款质量5级分类办法five-category assets classification for bank loans邓小平理论Deng Xiaoping Theory低水平重复建设low-level redundant development滴灌、喷灌drip irrigation and spray irrigation抵抗全球经济衰退to combat the global economic slump地方性中小金融机构存款保险制度 a deposit insurance system for local small and medium-sized financial institutions电视会议televised meeting调控宏观经济运行regulate operation of the macroeconomy调整出口退税adjustments in the level of export tax rebates调整投资结构和经济结构the restructuring of investment and the economy堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes对卷烟全面推行核定计税价格征收消费税办法fully levy a sales tax on cigarettes on the basis of an authorized tax valuation对人民高度负责的态度maintain a high sense of responsibility对中西部地区适当倾斜appropriately directed to the central and western areas of the country夺取了抗洪抢险的伟大胜利achieve great victory in the fight against floods发挥出最大的效益produce the best possible results发挥最大的使用效益yield the greatest returns on investment反对铺张浪费combat extravagance and waste防范和化解金融风险guard against and defuse financial risks防范金融风险能力ability to guard against financial risks防止“重点支出重点浪费”prevent “more waste in more expenditures”非办不可的大事important tasks which must be accomplished非国有工业企业non-state industrial enterprises非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions费改税改革tax-for-fees reform分配货币化distribution of money分税制度财政体制the revenue-sharing system风险防范机制a risk prevention mechanism服从全局、服务全局be subordinated to and serve the overall interests of the country复杂多变的国内经济环境complicated and volatile economic environment both at home and abroad改革价格形成机制reform the price formation mechanism干堤的修复加固任务the task of repairing and reinforcing the main dikes干法旋窑水泥dry-process rotary kilns敢抓敢管、不讲情面have the courage to bear their responsibilities and exercise management no matter what others might think高等教育“211工程”the “211”Project for higher education高技术产业发展规划plans for the development of high-tech industries高技术产业化apply high technology to production高技术产业化示范工程high-tech model projects to demonstrate their commercial viability高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜,全面贯彻'三个代表'重要思想hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of 'Three Represents'高清晰度电视功能样机functional prototype of high definition TV个人所得税法the Law on Personal Income Tax个体经济、私营经济self-employed and private businesses各地区经济发展的客观需要the needs of the economic development of different regions各级各类教育all forms of education at all levels各种“小金库”屡禁不止failures to prohibit unauthorized departmental coffers repeatedly各种偷税、骗税和逃税行为all acts of tax evasion and tax fraud工程监理制project supervision system工程质量事故accidents resulting from poor quality of projects工业增加值industrial added value公开市场操作open-market operations共建、调整、合作、合并 a program of joint development, adjustment, cooperation and mergers 购买力purchasing power鼓励兼并encourage mergers关心群众疾苦help alleviate their hardships规范管理standardized administration规范化的财政管理standardized financial management规范破产standardize bankruptcy procedures规范税制standardize the tax system国际公认internationally recognized国际通行的吸引外资方式internationally accepted methods of absorbing foreign investment 国家财政包揽过多The state finance takes on too much financial burden.国家发展计划委员会the State Development Planning Commission国家确定的重点领域投资investment in the key areas designated by the state国家税源的大量流失great loss of state revenue国家重点科研项目national key scientific research projects国库券treasury bonds国民经济各方面all sectors of the national economy国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)国内短缺原材料和资源性产品raw and semi-finished materials and resource products which are in short supply in China国有独资商业银行wholly state-funded commercial bank国有企业改革reform of state-owned enterprises国有企业和集体企业资本金统计报告制度 a system for reporting statistics on the capital funds of state-owned and collectively-owned enterprises国有企业重组regroup SOEs国有商业银行一级法人管理management of the state-owned commercial banks with only their head offices as their legal persons国有资产管理、监督和营运机制management, supervision and operation of state-owned assets 国有资源有偿使用paid use of state-owned resources国债资金the capital obtained from issuance of government bonds过剩的生产能力excessive production capacity海峡两岸关系cross-Strait relations合同管理制contract management system黑市交易black market transaction in foreign exchanges很多上海企业涌向西部,掀起了去西部的淘金热。

笔译定义分类 (2)

笔译定义分类 (2)

1.翻译的定义五花八门,对它们的归类可以因人而异。

根据你的阅读积累和思考,对翻译的定义还可以如何进行分类?The definitions of translation can be divided into:a)Common definitions:如:把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。

(摘自《辞海》)从一种语言变成另一种语言。

(《现代法语典》)Translate: to change (speech or writing) from one language into another language.[ Longman Dictionary]b)From the vision of Literature and Arts:从文艺学的角度解释翻译,认为翻译是艺术创作的一种形式,强调语言的创造功能,讲究译品的艺术效果。

如:文学的翻译是用另一种语言,把原作的艺术意境传达出来。

(茅盾)c)From the vision of Linguistics.翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言在内容和形式不可分割的统一中已表达出来的东西准确而完全地表达出来。

(费道罗夫)从语义到风格在译语中用在贴近的自然对等语再现源语信息。

(Nida)2.请你介绍一两个令你印象最为深刻的翻译定义。

Translate: to express (sth. spoken or written) in another language or in simpler words. [Oxford Dictionary]•请将下列翻译的定义译为汉语,并与本课所提及的翻译定义相比较,体会其中的差异。

1 . Bad translations render the letter without the spirit in a low and servile imitation. Good translations keep the spirit without moving away from the letter. They are free and noble imitations that turn the familiar into something new.拙劣的的翻译在呈现文本内容的时候,只是过分逢迎地模仿,而没有保持原作的神韵。

2016年翻译硕士:笔译词汇分类盘点经济(3)

2016年翻译硕士:笔译词汇分类盘点经济(3)

2016年翻译硕士:笔译词汇分类盘点经济(3)下面就是经济方面的词汇,备考翻译硕士的考生们不妨多看看,记一记,充实自己的知识库,为考试做好更充分的准备。

希望大家都能够顺利通过考试,加油!经济杠杆 economic lever经济过热 overheated economy经济滑坡 economic downturn经济技术开发区 economic and technological development zone经济结构战略性调整 strategic restructuring of the economy经济开发区 economic development zone经济良性循环 a beneficial economic cycle经济圈和经济带 economic rim and belt经济渗透 economic infiltration经济失调指数 misery index经济实力 economic strength经济实体 economic entity经济适用房 low-cost housing经济体制改革 reform of economic system; economic restructuring经济运行 economic performance经济增长 economic growth居民消费价格涨幅 rise in the CPI具有国际竞争力的大企业集团 internationally competitive conglomerates开放国内市场 open domestic market开放型经济 an open economy开拓城乡市场 develop urban and rural markets开拓农村消费市场 develop consumer markets in rural areas开展区域经济合作 carry out regional economic cooperation科技成果产业化 application of scientific and technological achievements in production可支配收入 disposable income扩大内需,刺激消费 increase domestic demand and stimulate consumption劳动力市场 labor market劳动密集型产业 labor-intensive industry利益攸关方 stakeholder《两岸经济合作柜架协议》 Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA)面向市场 market-oriented泡沫经济 bubble economy片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate品牌资产 brand equity平等保护物权 equal protection of property rights千年发展目标 Millennium Development Goals区域发展 regional development人均纯收入 net per capita income人均国内生产总值 per capita gross domestic product (GDP)三角债 chain debts商品流通体制改革 reform of commodity circulation社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy“十一五”计划 the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development市场多元化 a multi-outlet market市场分割 market segmentation市场占有率 market share市场战略多元化 the strategy of market diversification市场准入制度 market access rules收入差距 income gap收入分配 income distribution收入分配秩序 pattern of income distribution提高扶贫开发水平 make poverty reduction more effective through development投资环境 investment environment/climate外商直接投资 foreign direct investment外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connection网上购物 online shopping网上拍卖 online auction物流 logistics西部大开发 large-scale development of western China现代产权制度 modern system of property rights现代企业制度 modern enterprise/corporate system新的经济增长点 new points of economic growth沿海经济特区 special economic zones in coastal areas一站式服务 one-stop service一支笔审批 one-chop approval在线采购 online procurement增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力 enhance the dynamism, leverage and influence of the state sector of the economy债转股 debt-to-equity swap招商项目 project proposals for investment支柱产业 pillar industry知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry中部地区崛起 development of the central region中等发达国家水平 the level of moderately developed countries中华全国工商联合会 All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce中央政府公共投资 the central government’s public investment重合同,守信用 observe contracts and maintain commercial integrity资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio资源节约型社会 resource-conserving society自主创新能力 capacity for independent innovation自主经营权 full right to independent operation科学技术是第一生产力。

英语翻译 分类(一)

英语翻译 分类(一)

英语翻译分类(一)英语翻译分类1. 口译口译是指将一种语言的口头表达转化为另一种语言的口头表达的翻译形式。

口译可以分为同声传译和交替传译两种形式。

•同声传译:指在演讲会议等场合,即时将讲话者所说的内容翻译成另一种语言,并通过耳机传递给听众。

同声传译要求译员具备快速反应和较高的专业素养。

•交替传译:指讲话者说一段话后停顿,然后由译员将其翻译成另一种语言。

交替传译常用于小型会议、商务谈判等场合。

2. 笔译笔译是指将一种语言的书面表达转化为另一种语言的书面表达的翻译形式。

笔译涉及的领域广泛,常见的包括文学、学术、法律、商务等。

•文学翻译:将文学作品从原文翻译成另一种语言,保持原作的风格、特点和意境。

文学翻译要求译者不仅对语言文化有深入理解,还需要有较高的文学才能。

•学术翻译:将学术论文、研究报告等从一种语言翻译成另一种语言,保持原文的准确性和专业性。

学术翻译要求译者对相关学科领域有深入了解,并具备翻译学术文献的能力。

•法律翻译:将法律文件、法规条款等从一种语言翻译成另一种语言,保持法律意义的准确性和法律语言的规范性。

法律翻译要求译者熟悉法律专业术语和法律体系,具备良好的法律素养。

•商务翻译:将商务文件、商务谈判等从一种语言翻译成另一种语言,保持商务用语的准确性和商务文化的妥当性。

商务翻译要求译者具备商业常识和跨文化沟通技巧。

3. 机器翻译机器翻译是指使用计算机等自动化设备进行翻译的技术和方法。

机器翻译通过分析源语言和目标语言之间的句法结构和语义关系,自动将源语言的内容转化为目标语言。

机器翻译具有高效性和大规模处理能力,但仍面临语义理解和文化差异等挑战。

•统计机器翻译:基于大规模并行语料库的统计模型,通过计算句子的概率分布进行翻译。

统计机器翻译依赖大量的双语平行语料,准确性受限于语料库的质量和覆盖范围。

•神经机器翻译:基于神经网络模型的机器翻译,通过训练深度神经网络来建模源语言和目标语言之间的映射关系。

口译基础理论和技巧

口译基础理论和技巧第一章口译基础知识basicknowledge一、口译与笔译口译(interpretation)与笔译(translation)做为译者活动的两种课堂教学形式,从本质上来说都就是在谋求原语(sourcelanguage)与目标语(targetlanguage)之间的意义对等。

译者犯罪行为意在“认知”一“话语篇章”,然后用另一种语言“再次抒发”这一“话语篇章”。

“话语篇章”从根本上来说就是语言科学知识同语言外科学知识融合的产物,就是译者的对象。

“认知”有赖于语言外科学知识,“再次抒发”的质量也和译者的主题科学知识息息相关。

口译和笔译的最终目的是确保采用相同语言的人们之间成功交际(交流),因此,译者的重点应立足于原语与目标语之间的意义上对等,而并非就是其语言形式上的机械对应。

口译和笔译都有很长的历史。

口译活动是随着人类各民族相互交流的需要而产生和发展起来的,可以上溯到人类各种语言逐渐形成后的时期。

在这个意义上讲,口译的历史比笔译的历史久远得多。

口译活动在历史上的记载甚少。

哥伦布发现新大陆后曾将大量印第安人运到西班牙学习西班牙语,并将他们培养成口译译员。

明清时期中国的一些小说中对口译译员有了正式的称呼“通事”。

直到20世纪初,口译活动的开展仍以粗放式为主。

第一次世界大战之后,各个国家之间的交往日益频繁,口译译员的需求急剧增加。

1919年,“巴黎和会”首次借助英法两种语言的翻译进行谈判,当时的口译方式主要是发言人讲一段,译员翻译一段,即交替传译,也可称连续口译或接续口译。

这是口译历史上的一个重要转折点,第一次正式出现了现代意义的口译技术,即口译的记忆、笔记、复述等基本技术。

此后,美国发明了一种让译员使用耳机听辨原语,同时使用话筒传送译语的“共时翻译”设备,这种设备在当时并没有获得口译界的认同。

在第二次世界大战之后的纽伦堡战犯审判中,人们正式启用了同声传译,以保证在大量繁杂的听证、辩护、审判工作中能在原语话语结束时立即“同时”结束译语,从而节省宝贵的时间。

外事笔译


• 外事翻译的定义 外事翻译就是外事话语(discourse of foreign affairs)的翻译。具体而言,就是把一种语言在 某一外事话语中表达的意义用另一种语言中符 合外事活动话语规范的语言表达出来,使译文 能够在听者或读者中产生与源语外事话语在源 语听者或读者中产生的相同效果。
• 外事翻译的特点 外事翻译的内容主要是在各种外交、外事场合上口头和书 面的讲话和文件。在外事场合,口、笔译往往同时使用。 比如建交谈判、关于国际公约的谈判,都要求译员既能 口译,又能将所谈的内容和结果落实到文字上,成为公 报、公约、条约、备录、协议等。有时是先口译,然后 产生文件。有时则在讲话、演讲前将稿件译好,再到现 场作口译。
• 联合公报:是政党之间、国家之间或政府之间就某些重 大事项或问题经过会谈、协商取得一致意见或达成谅解 后,双方联合签署发布的文件。 • 新闻公报:是以新闻的形式将重大事件向国内外公布的 文件。与新闻相似,新闻公报在语义组织上遵循新闻写 作中的“首重原则”,即将最主要的信息在文本的开头 就呈现出来,然后按信息的重要程度依次组织文本。 • 联合新闻公报:既具有联合公报的正式性和信息性,也 具有新闻公报的时效性和新闻性。
• 第三,就翻译处理方式而言,外事翻译可分为全译、节 译、摘译、编译和译述等类别。

本课程以外事笔译为主体教学内容,主要包括各类外事文书。外事文书分类如下:
外交文书:国家间、政府间、外交部和驻外外交代表机关在外交活动 中形成的书面文件。(公报、声明、宣言、白皮书等)
对外文书:国家机关、地方政府、军队、人民团体及其领导人和官员 在外事活动中形成的书面文件。(外事活动中的领导人发言稿、涉 外合同等) 对外交往文书:对外交往中为处理一系列事务性和日常性工作而制作 和使用的文书。(照会、备忘录、邀请信和请柬、对外函件外事访 问日程表、涉外名片等) 涉外礼仪文书:以信函和电子邮件方式传递信息、互通情况及交流感 情的涉外文书。(祝贺函电、感谢函电、慰问函电、吊唁函电等) 涉外旅行文书:涉外旅行管理机构和出国人员在办理出入世界各国过 境手续过程中制作和使用的一系列专用文书。(护照、签证与签证 申请表、黄皮书、入境表与出境表、海关申报表等)

CATTI三级笔译考试分类词汇必备

CATTI三级笔译考试分类词汇必备-历史全国翻译专业资格考试发布于2015年8月27日10:50支,系branch部族,部落tribe种族race,breed宗族,世系lineage门第,血统stock贵族出身of noble birth平民出身of humble birth家世e*traction后裔progeny,issue姻亲kinsmen by affinity家谱family tree北伐战争the Northern E*pedition新**主义运动the Neo-Nationalist Movement三**义the Three People' Principles (Nationalism, Democracy and the People’s Livelihood) put forward by Dr. Sun Yat-sen百日维新〔1898年〕the One-Hundred-Day Reform鸦片战争the Opium Wars玛雅文化Mayan civilization母系氏族社会matriarchal clan society农民阶级peasantry地主阶级landocracy; the landlord class资产阶级bourgeoisie; the capitalist class 民族资产阶级national bourgeoisie小资产阶级petty bourgeoisie中产阶级middle bourgeoisie; middle class 官僚资产阶级bureaucrat bourgeoisie玫瑰战争the Wars of Roses君主立宪制Constitutional monarchy枢密院Privy Council诺曼征服the Norman Conquest宪章运动the Chartist MovementCATTI三级笔译考试分类词汇必备-体育全国翻译专业资格考试发布于2015年8月31日11:03全民健身运动nationwide fitness program 中超联赛cheering squad棒球运动记者scribe拉拉队长cheer-leader, rooter king掷钱猜先toss运球dribble擦网球net ball擦边球edge ball/ touch ball抽杀成功hit through大满贯grand slam大力扣杀hammer吊球drop shot点球penalty kick任意球free kick乌龙球own good劲射power shot第一双打first pair第一发球权first inning第一发球员first server队长袖标〔足球〕skipper’s armband头号种子选手No.1 seed (player); top seed二流选手scrub/second-rater锋利扣杀razor-sharp smash高难度动作stunner, stunt好出风头的运发动e*hibitionist, grandstander 把戏游泳water ballet临时主教练caretaker coach抢跑false start; beat the gun入水时水花很少clean entry三连冠three successive championship险胜cliff-hanging win; narrow victory自行车越野赛cyclo-cross滑板车scooter减肥体操slimnastics日光浴室solarium体育酒吧sports bar申办奥运会bid for the Olympic Games新,新奥运New Beijing, Great Olympics绿色奥运,科技奥运,人文奥运green, high-tech and people-friendly Olympic Games 球场court前锋forwards后卫guards中锋center后场backcourt前场frontcourt得分后卫point guard组织后卫shooting guard大前锋power forward 小前锋small forward篮框rim,basket争球jump ball攻方offense 守方defence计时器shot clock打成平分tie 加时赛overtime〔OT〕运球dribbling身前快速运球speed双手交替运球crossover身后运球behind-the-back腿间运球between-the-leg 转身运球spin传球pass胸部传球chest反弹传球bounce过顶传球overhead大力传球baseball-type身后传球behind-the-back 投篮方式shooting form直接篮下得分layup大力灌篮the dunk shot跳投jump shot勾手投篮hook shot投篮命中率field goalds〔FGs〕三分球命中率3-point FGs罚球foul shot罚球线free throw line篮板rebound攻方篮板off.rebounds守方篮板def.rebounds助攻assists内线得分points in paint暂停time-out卡位screens人盯人men-to-men defense区域防守zone defense盖帽blocking失误turnovers撞人犯规charging阻挡犯规holding推人犯规pushing技术犯规technical offence〔fouls〕常规赛regular season季后赛playoff游泳Swimming游泳池swimming pool更衣室changing room淋浴shower跳台diving platform10米跳台ten-meter platform5米跳台five-meter platform3米跳板three-meter springboard1米跳板one-meter springboard跳水池diving pool浅水池non-swimmer's pool深水池swimmer's pool出发台starting block出发起跳starting dive水线rope with cork floats泳道swimming lane终点触线touching the finishing line计时员timekeeper救生员lifesaver, lifeguard陆上练习land drill蛙泳breaststroke爬泳crawl stroke仰泳back stroke侧泳side stroke蝶泳butterfly stroke海豚式蝶泳dolphin butterfly stroke踩水treading water潜泳underwater swimming人工海浪泳池swimming pool with artificial waves 人工海浪artificial waves泳裤swimming trunks泳衣swimsuit, swimming suit泳帽swimming cap比基尼泳衣bikini比基尼乳罩bikini top比基尼式泳裤bikini bottom冲浪surfing冲浪板surfboard滑水橇water skiWords of Sports: Riding and Horse Riding赛马骑马riding跑马场,赛马场racecourse, racetrack马球jockey, polo马球运发动rider跳跃赛show jumping petition障碍赛steeplechase障碍fence快跑的马trotter自行车,摩托车Words of Sports: Bicycle Motorcycle 车类运动car自行车赛车场velodrome, cycling stadium公路赛road race计时赛race追逐赛chase摩托车motorcycle, motorbike赛车racing car赛车驾驶员racing driver汽车拉力赛rally水上运动Words of Sports: Water Sports 游泳池swimming pool游泳swimming混合泳medley relay爬泳crawl蛙式breaststroke仰式backstroke自由式freestyle蝶泳butterfly (stroke)跳水diving petition水球water polo水橇water skiing划船rowing划艇canoe赛艇boat race游艇yacht皮船kayak帆船运动sailing船外马达outboard boat球类运动Games and petitions足球football橄榄球rugby篮球basketball排球volleyball网球tennis垒球baseball手球handball曲棍球hockey高尔夫球golf板球cricket冰球ice hockey球门员goalkeeper中线发球centre kick球门发球goal kick边线发球throw in, line-out射门得分to score a goal对方球门线后触地得分to convert a try板球运发动batsman击球运发动batter单打运发动men's singles混合双打in the mi*ed doubles体育工程Individual Sports体操gymnastics体操器械gymnastic apparatus单杠horizontal bar双杠parallel bars吊环rings秋千trapeze肋木wall bars鞍马side horse, pommelled horse举重weight-lifting重量级weights拳击bo*ing古典式摔跤Greece-Roman wrestling 揪钮hold, lock柔道judo击剑fencing冬季运动winter sports滑雪skiing滑雪板ski速降滑雪赛,滑降downhill race 障碍滑雪slalom跳高滑雪比赛ski jumping petition 跳高滑雪ski jump滑冰ice skating把戏滑冰figure skating滑旱冰roller skating雪橇bobsleigh, bobsled竞技Athletics跑race中长跑middle-distance race长跑运发动long-distance runner 短跑(美作:dash) sprint400米栏the 400 metre hurdles马拉松marathon十项decathlon越野跑cross-country race跳跃jump跳跃运动jumping跳高high jump跳远(美作:broad jump)long jump三级跳triple jump,hop step and jump 撑竿跳pole vault投掷throw投掷运动throwing推铅球putting the shot,shot put掷铁饼throwing the discus掷链锤throwing the hammer掷标枪throwing the javelin竞走walk网球Tennis网球运动tennis草地网球运动lawn tennis草地网球场grass court球拍racket球拍夹racket press〔球拍的〕弦gut, string触线球line ball底线球baseline ball边线球sideline ball直线球straight ball边线直线球down-the-line shot斜线球crosscourt高球high ball,lob低球low ball长球long shot短球short shot削球cut抽球smash跃起抽球jump smash旋转球spin抽低球low drive截击空中球volley低截球low volley深球deep ball重球heavy ball落网球net平击球flat stroke平抽球flat drive重发球let时机球fluke,set-up,easy击触地球ground stroke打出边线的球wide高球扣杀overhead smash,overhand smash 局game盘set一平fifteen all二平thirty all三平forty all局末平分, 盘末平局deuce一方得零分的一局love game双误, 两次发球失误double fault两跳,还击前球着地两次‘not up’发球线service line前场fore court后场back court中点centre mark发球员server接球员receiver篮球运动;篮球Basketball篮板backboard球场的后场backcourt后卫backcourtman控球ball control背后传球behind-the-back pass前锋cornerman中锋center撞人charge胸前传球chest pass空心球clean shot<美俚>篮球运发动cager双方犯规double foul运球dribble罚球foul shot罚球free throw罚球区free throw lane罚球线free throw line全场紧逼full-court press投篮goal后卫guard打手犯规hackCATTI三级笔译考试分类词汇必备-贸易金融股票全国翻译专业资格考试发布于2015年8月28日14:24招商引资attract/bid for/invite investments (from overseas)情感消费emotional consumption大盘股big macs, big/large-cap stock, mega-issue首次公开募股;新股首发 Initial Public Offering (IPO)证交所bourse龙头企业corporate champion**证交所Shanghai E*change养老基金pension fund共同基金mutual fund对冲式共同基金hedge mutual fund股票share股价valuation保险商underwriter政府债券government bond储蓄** saving account股市equity market股东shareholder摘牌delist亏损企业money-loser存货inventory上市公司traded pany, trading enterprise利益相关者stakeholder透明度transparency微软全国播送公司Msnbc: Microsoft national broadcast 市场经济根本规则market fundamentalist平安参谋damage-contral machinery有效市场efficient market知识产权intellectual property投机行为opportunistic practice世通公司World行贿bribery企业家entrepreneur做假帐cook the book监管体系regulatory systemaudit 审计accounting firm 会计事务所Great Depression 大萧条portfolio 投资组合money-market 短期资本市场capitual-market 长期资本市场volatility 波动diversification 多元化modity 期货real estate 房地产option 期权call option 看涨期权put option 看跌期权merger 并购arbitrage 套利Securities&E*change mission 〈美〉证券交易委员会dollar standard 美元本位制flight 贬值budget 预算deficit 赤字bad debt 坏帐output 产值macroeconomic 宏观经济fiscal stimulus 财政刺激a store of value 保值transaction currency 结算货币forward e*change 期货交易intervention currency 干预货币Treasury bond 财政部公债currnt-account 经常工程pickup in rice 物价上涨Federal Reserve 美联储inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩tighter credit 紧缩信贷monetary policy 货币政策awash in e*cess capacity 生产力过剩foreigh e*change外汇spot transaction 即期交易forward transaction 远期交易option forward transaction 择期交易swap transaction 调期交易quote 报价settlment and delivery 交割buying rate 买入价selling rate 卖出价spread 差幅contract 合同at par 平价premium 升水discount 贴水direct quoation method 直接报价法indirect quoation method 间接报价法dividend 股息domestic currency 本币floating rate 浮动利率parent pany 母公司credit swap 互惠贷款venture capital 风险资本virtual value 虚拟价值physical good 物质产品abstract good 抽象产品Patent&Trademark Office 专利与商标局book value 帐面价值physical capital 实际资本job machine 就业市场welfare capitalism 福利资本主义collective market cap 市场资本总值golbal corporation 跨国公司transnational status 跨国优势transfer price 转让价格General Accounting Office 〈美〉会计总会consolidation 兼并leveraged 杠杆CATTI三级笔译考试分类词汇必备-农业全国翻译专业资格考试发布于2015年9月1日11:26三高农业"three highs〞agriculture (high yield, high quality and high efficiency agriculture)三农问题issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers打白条issue IOU(IOU:借款、债务、由I owe you 读音缩略转移而来)立体农业three-dimensional agriculture农业技术合作ATC: Agricultural Technical Cooperation联产承包责任制system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output; countract system with remuneration linked to output老少边穷地区former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities, remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas三下乡a program under which officials, doctors, scientist and college students go to the countryside to spread scientific and literacy knowledge and offer medical service to farmers农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor (laborers)生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture温饱型农业subsistence agriculture退耕还林还牧convert the land for forestry and pasture; grain for green小农经济small-scale peasant economy; autarkical small-scale farming效益农业profitable agriculture鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey草根工业grass root industry (village and township enterprises which take root among farmers and grow like wild grass)多功能性〔农业〕multifuncitionality农林间作agro-forestry农业生态学agricultural ecology农业增值税added value of agriculture农产品的统购派购unified purchasing of farm produce by the state according to fi*ed quotes农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor(laborers)农垦agricultural reclamation农转非rural residents bee urban residents土地酸化acidification土地沙化desertification of land; desert encroachment土地使用权land-use right土地承包期land contract period粮食收购部门(government’s) grain procurement 〔purchasing〕agencies提高农产品收购价格the government’s increase in its procurement prices (for farm products)按保护价敞开收购粮食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices粮食仓库grain depot粮食收储企业grain collection and storage enterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运行closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场grain sales market过度开垦e*cess reclamation技术下乡spread technological knowledge to farmers江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River禁渔期closed fishing seasons经济林cash tree庄家歉收crop failure乡统筹,村提留fees paid by farmers for overall township planning and village reserve 种植业crop farming白色农业white agriculture; white engineering agriculture; microbiological agriculture 有机农业organic agriculture开拓农村消费市场develop consumer markets in rural areas取消国家对农产品的统购统销cancel the state’s monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural/products土壤land,soil耕地arable land, tilled land旱田dry soil沃土,肥沃的土壤fertile soil腐殖质humus水浇地irrigable land贫瘠土壤lean soil, poor soil荒地wasteland, barren land草grass草地grassland草甸meadow大草原prairie牧场pasture land休闲to lie fallow休闲地fallow亩茬地stubble, stubble field稿杆straw, hay农村人口rural population农村迁徙rural e*odus土地改革land reform, agrarian reform 农业机械化mechanization of farming 机械化耕作mechanized farming农场farm奶牛场cattle farm大农场,牧场ranch庄园hacienda田产holding地块plot, parcel, lot合作农场cooperative farm集体农场collective farm农村country, countryside农民,农夫countryman农民,农妇countrywoman农学家agronomist大农场主latifundium, large landed estate 农户farmer农业工人producer佃户settle地主,土地拥有者landowner外居地主absentee landlord小农smallholder, small farmer牧场主rancher土地租用人tenant farmer, leaseholder佃农sharecropper农夫,犁田者ploughman农场工人,农业工人farm labourers 〔美作:farm laborers〕农场短工farm hand牧场工人cattle farmer牛仔cowherd, cowboy牧人shepherd果农fruit grower葡萄栽植者vinegrower采葡萄者vintager农业farming, husbandry畜牧业animal husbandry, animal breeding乳品业,乳牛业dairy farming园艺horticulture商品蔬菜种植业market gardening果树栽培fruit growing葡萄栽培vinegrowing, viticulture油橄榄栽培olive growing树艺arboriculture造林学silviculture农产品agricultural products, farm products食品foodstuffs乳制品dairy produce, dairy products乳品加工业dairy industry农事年crop year, farming year季节season农业市场agricultural, modities market牲畜livestockCATTI三级笔译考试分类词汇必备-工业〔一〕全国翻译专业资格考试发布于2015年9月2日16:53优化构造optimize the structure恶性循环vicious cycle/circle良性循环beneficent/virtuous cycle对大中型国有企业进展公司制改革corporatize large and medium-sized State-owned (state-owned, state) enterprises现代企业制度modern enterprise system; modern corporate system股份制the joint stock system股份合作制the joint stock cooperative system谁控股?Who holds the controlling shares"支持强强联合,实现优势互补support association between strong enterprises so that they can take advantage of each other’s strengths鼓励兼并,规*破产encourage mergers and standardize bankruptcy procedures独立核算工业企业an independent accounting unit (enterprise)国家控股公司a state-controlled share pany控股公司a holding pany公司别离与解散separation and dissolution of a pany创业园;孵化器a high-tech business incubator; a pioneer park企业孵化器an enterprise incubator联合兼并conglomeration and merger of enterprises; mergers and acquisitions树立企业良好形象foster a good and healthy pany image/profile名牌产品famous-brand products/brand-named products精品top quality articles拳头产品petitive products创汇产品foreign e*change (hard-currency) earning e*ports畅销货marketable products; products with a good market紧缺商品modities in short supply紧俏货物goods in great demand滞销货unmarketable (unsalable, poor-selling) products积压产品overstocked modities (inventories)发优惠券以促销issue discount shopping coupons to promote sales有高附加值的高新技术产品high and new technology products with high added value 集散控制系统Distributed Control System〔DCS〕现场总线控制系统Fieldbus Control System〔FCS〕监控及数据采集系统Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition〔SCADA〕可编程序控制器Programmable Logic Controller〔PLC〕可编程计算机控制器Programmable puter Controller〔PCC〕工厂自动化Factory Automation〔FA〕过程自动化Process Automation〔PA〕办公自动化Office Automation〔OA〕管理信息系统Management Information System〔MIS〕楼宇自动化系统Building Automation System人机界面Human Machine Interface〔HMI〕工控机Industrial Personal puter〔IPC〕单片机Single Chip Microprocessor计算机数控〔C〕远程测控终端Remote Terminal Unit〔RTU〕上位机Supervisory puter图形用户界面〔GUI〕人工智能Artificial Intelligent〔AI〕智能终端Intelligent Terminal模糊控制Fuzzy Control组态Configuration仿真Simulation冗余Redundant客户/效劳器Client/Server网络Network设备网Device NET基金会现场总线foundation fieldbus〔FF〕现场总线Fieldbus以太网Ethernet变频器Inverter脉宽调制Pulse Width Modulation〔PWM〕伺服驱动器Servo Driver软起动器Soft Starter步进Step-by-Step控制阀Control Valve流量计Flowmeter仪表Instrument记录仪Recorder传感器Sensor智能传感器Smart Sensor智能变送器Smart Transducer虚拟仪器Virtual Instrument主站/从站Master Station/Slave station操作员站/工程师站/管理员站Operator Station/Engineer Station/Manager Station 电力专业英语单词电力系统power system发电机generator励磁e*citation励磁器e*citer电压voltage电流current升压变压器step-up transformer母线bus变压器transformer空载损耗:no-load loss铁损:iron loss铜损:copper loss空载电流:no-load current无功损耗:reactive loss有功损耗:active loss输电系统power transmission system 高压侧high side输电线transmission line高压: high voltage低压:low voltage中压:middle voltage功角稳定angle stability稳定stability电压稳定voltage stability暂态稳定transient stability电厂power plant能量输送power transfer交流AC直流DC电网power system落点drop point开关站switch station调节regulation高抗high voltage shunt reactor 并列的:opposable裕度margin故障fault三相故障three phase fault分接头:tap切机generator tripping高顶值high limited value静态static (state)动态dynamic (state)机端电压控制AVR电抗reactance电阻resistance功角power angle有功〔功率〕active power 电容器:Capacitor电抗器:Reactor断路器:Breaker电动机:motor功率因数:power-factor定子:stator阻抗电压:阻抗:impedance功角:power-angle电压等级:voltage grade有功负载: active load/PLoad 无功负载:reactive load档位:tap position电阻:resistor电抗:reactance电导:conductance电纳:susceptance上限:upper limit下限:lower limit正序阻抗:positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗:negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗:zero sequence impedance无功〔功率〕reactive power功率因数power factor无功电流reactive current斜率slope额定rating变比ratio参考值reference value电压互感器PT分接头tap仿真分析simulation analysis下降率droop rate传递函数transfer function框图block diagram受端receive-side同步synchronization保护断路器circuit breaker摇摆swing阻尼damping无刷直流电机:Brushless DC motor刀闸(隔离开关):Isolator机端generator terminal变电站transformer substation永磁同步电机:Permanent-magnet Synchronism Motor异步电机:Asynchronous Motor三绕组变压器:three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器:double-column transformer DblClmnTrans 固定串联电容补偿fi*ed series capacitor pensation双回同杆并架double-circuit lines on the same tower单机无穷大系统one machine - infinity bus system励磁电流:magnetizing current 补偿度degree of pensationElectromagnetic fields电磁场失去同步loss of synchronization装机容量installed capacity无功补偿reactive power pensation故障切除时间fault clearing time极限切除时间critical clearing time强行励磁reinforced e*citation并联电容器:shunt capacitor线路补偿器LDC(line drop pensation)电机学Electrical Machinery自动控制理论Automatic Control Theory电磁场Electromagnetic Field微机原理Principle of Microputer电工学Electrotechnics Principle of circuits电力系统稳态分析Steady-State Analysis of Power System电力系统暂态分析Transient-State Analysis of Power System电力系统继电保护原理Principle of Electrical System's Relay Protection 电力系统元件保护原理Protection Principle of Power System 's Element 电力系统内部过电压Past Voltage within Power system模拟电子技术根底Basis of Analogue Electronic Technique数字电子技术Digital Electrical Technique电路原理实验Lab. of principle of circuits电气工程讲座Lectures on electrical power production电力电子根底Basic fundamentals of power electronics高电压工程High voltage engineering电子专题实践Topics on e*perimental project of electronics电气工程概论Introduction to electrical engineering电子电机集成系统electronic machine system电力传动与控制Electrical Drive and Control电力系统继电保护Power System Relaying ProtectionCATTI三级笔译考试分类词汇必备-生态旅游全国翻译专业资格考试发布于2015年8月26日09:51国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值per capita GNP产值output value宏观控制e*ercise macro-control优化经济构造optimize the economic structure保持经济适度快速增长maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth改善经济环境improve economic environment整顿经济秩序rectify economic order非公有成分non-public sectors发挥市场的调节作用give play to the regulatory role of the market经济和法律的杠杆economic and legal leverages经济方案和市场调节相结合bine economic planning with market regulation平等互利、讲**效、形式多样、共同开展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various ways and seeking mon development/the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development长三角Yangtze River delta瓶颈制约"bottleneck〞restrictions企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises加速科研成果向生产力的转化facilitate a faster transition from research to actual production科教兴国战略strategy of invigorating the country through science, technology and education企业兼并重组anne*ation and reorganization of enterprises保持国民经济开展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy奔小康strive for a relatively fortable life采取市场多元化战略adopt the strategy of a multi-outlet market抓大放小invigorate large enterprises while rela*ing control over small ones / focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves出口创汇型/外向型产业e*port-oriented industry垂直兼并vertical merger国家补贴public subsidies国家鼓励工程projects listed as encouraged by the state国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System自主经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses经济学家economist社会主义经济socialist economy资本主义经济capitalist economy集体经济collective economy方案经济planned economy管制经济controlled economy农村经济rural economics自由经济liberal economy混合经济mi*ed economy政治经济学political economy保护主义protectionism闭关自守autarchy初级成分primary sector私营成分,私营部门private sector公共部门,公共成分public sector经济渠道economic channels经济平衡economic balance经济波动economic fluctuation经济衰退economic depression经济稳定economic stability经济政策economic policy经济复原economic recovery约定understanding集中concentration控股公司holding pany托拉斯trust [相关:托拉斯,英文trust的音译。

【教育】2020年翻译硕士笔译词汇分类盘点教育2

【关键字】教育2016年翻译硕士:笔译词汇分类盘点教育(2)下面就是教育方面的词汇,备考翻译硕士的考生们不妨多看看,记一记,充实自己的知识库,为考试做好更充分的准备。

希望大家都能够顺利通过考试,加油!transmission of civilization 传播文明valedictory address/speech 毕业献辞virtual university 虚拟大学working graduate 在职研究生work-study program 勤工助学Promoting education is a good way to reduce crime.提高教育水平是减少犯罪的一种不效手段。

We must adjust the division of disciplines to adapt to new circumstances.我们要调整学科结构,以适应新形势。

Corporal punishment is strictly banned.体罚是严格禁止的。

Students find opportunities for hands-on experience to complement theirbook-learning.学生有机会进行社会实践,以弥补课堂教学的不足。

Study areas have become more responsive to today’s students and to labor market needs.现在学到的知识和技能更能适应市场和学生自己的需要发。

“Active” learning is a phrase that is widely accepted.“主动”学习这一概念正在被广泛接受。

Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.教育是一个逐步发现自己无知的过程。

Education is learning what you didn’t even know you didn’t know.教育即是要教人知其所不知。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

笔译的分类
笔译是指将一种语言的文本转换成另一种语言的文本,是语言翻译的一种形式。

在翻译领域中,笔译是一项非常重要的工作。

笔译可以分为多个分类,下面将详细介绍。

一、按照文本类型分类
1. 文学类
文学类笔译主要指小说、散文、诗歌等文学作品的翻译。

这类作品需要翻译者具备很高的语言功底和文学素养。

2. 科技类
科技类笔译主要指科技论文、专利、技术说明书等科技领域的文本翻译。

这类作品需要翻译者具备丰富的专业知识和科技术语。

3. 商务类
商务类笔译主要指商务合同、商业文件等商务领域的文本翻译。

这类作品需要翻译者具备商务知识和法律素养。

4. 政治外交类
政治外交类笔译主要指国际政治、外交文件等政治外交领域的文本翻译。

这类作品需要翻译者具备政治外交知识和国际事务理解能力。

5. 广告宣传类
广告宣传类笔译主要指广告、宣传册等文本的翻译。

这类作品需要翻译者具备市场营销和广告创意能力。

6. 新闻媒体类
新闻媒体类笔译主要指新闻报道、评论等新闻媒体领域的文本翻译。

这类作品需要翻译者具备新闻素养和时事理解能力。

二、按照语言类型分类
1. 英语笔译
英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一,英语笔译是最常见的一种笔译形式。

英语笔译需要翻译者具备扎实的英语基础和良好的英文写作能力。

2. 日语笔译
日本是一个经济发达、科技领先的国家,日本文化也深受世界各地人
民喜爱。

因此,日语笔译在国际交流中也扮演着重要角色。

日语笔译
需要翻译者具备扎实的日语基础和对日本文化的了解。

3. 法语笔译
法国是世界上最著名的旅游胜地之一,同时也是一个文化大国。

因此,法语笔译在旅游、文化等领域中扮演着重要角色。

法语笔译需要翻译
者具备扎实的法语基础和对法国文化的了解。

4. 德语笔译
德国是一个工业强国,德语在科技、商务等领域中有着广泛应用。

因此,德语笔译在这些领域中也扮演着重要角色。

德语笔译需要翻译者
具备扎实的德语基础和对德国文化的了解。

5. 俄语笔译
俄罗斯是一个拥有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家,在政治、经济、文化
等领域中都有着广泛影响力。

因此,俄语笔译在这些领域中也扮演着
重要角色。

俄语笔译需要翻译者具备扎实的俄语基础和对俄罗斯文化的了解。

三、按照翻译形式分类
1. 口译转写
口译转写是将口头表达转换成书面表达的一种形式。

这种形式主要用于会议记录、法庭审判等场合。

2. 笔译
笔译是将一种语言的文本转换成另一种语言的文本。

这种形式主要用于文学作品、科技论文、商务文件等领域。

3. 机器翻译
机器翻译是利用计算机技术将一种语言的文本自动转换成另一种语言的文本。

这种形式主要用于大规模翻译和快速翻译。

总结:
笔译是一项非常重要的工作,可以分为按照文本类型分类、按照语言
类型分类和按照翻译形式分类三个方面。

不同类型和形式的笔译需要不同的技能和素养,只有具备了足够的知识和能力,才能胜任各类笔译工作。

相关文档
最新文档