华中科技大学语言学问答题集结
语言学入门考试题及答案
语言学入门考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的主要研究对象是什么？A. 语言B. 文学C. 历史D. 数学答案：A2. 以下哪个选项不属于语言学的分支？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 心理学D. 语义学答案：C3. 语言学研究的是哪类现象？A. 物理现象B. 自然现象C. 社会现象D. 文化现象答案：C4. 语言的最小意义单位是什么？A. 音素B. 词C. 句子D. 语篇答案：A5. 以下哪个术语不属于语言变异？A. 方言B. 社会方言C. 语言接触D. 语言死亡答案：D6. 语言的哪一层级负责表达意义？A. 语音层B. 语法层C. 语义层D. 语用层答案：C7. 以下哪个选项是语言的交际功能？A. 表达情感B. 描述事物C. 命令他人D. 所有选项答案：D8. 以下哪个选项是语言的内部结构？A. 音位B. 词汇C. 语音D. 语法答案：D9. 以下哪个选项是语言的外部功能？A. 信息传递B. 情感表达C. 命令控制D. 所有选项答案：D10. 语言的哪一层级负责表达关系？A. 语音层B. 语法层C. 语义层D. 语用层答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学研究的最小意义单位是________。
答案：音素2. 语言学研究的最小语音单位是________。
答案：音位3. 语言学研究的最小语法单位是________。
答案：词4. 语言学研究的最小语义单位是________。
答案：词义5. 语言学研究的最小语用单位是________。
答案：句子6. 语言学研究的最小社会单位是________。
答案：方言7. 语言学研究的最小文化单位是________。
答案：语言8. 语言学研究的最小交际单位是________。
答案：话语9. 语言学研究的最小心理单位是________。
答案：概念10. 语言学研究的最小认知单位是________。
答案：思维三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述语言学的主要研究内容。
语言学问答题小结
1，What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study?答：The major branches of linguistics are:(1) Phonetics: it studies the sounds used in linguistic communication;(2) Phonology: it studies how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning incommunication;(3) Morphology: it studies the way in which linguistic symbols representing sounds arearranged and combined to form words;(4) Syntax: it studies the rules which govern how words are combined to formgrammatically permissible sentences in languages;(5) Semantics: it studies meaning conveyed by language;(6) Pragmatics: it studies the meaning in the context of language use.2，For what reasons does modern linguistics give priority to speech rather than to writing? 答：Speech and writing are the two major media of linguistic communication. Modem linguistics regards the spoken language as the natural or the primary medium of human language for some obvious reasons. 1，From the point of view of linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing. The writing system of any langu age is always “invented” by its users to record speech when the need arises. Even in today's world there are still many languages that can only be spoken but not written. 2，Then in everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. 3，And also, speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue, and writing is learned and taught later when he goes to school.4，For modern linguists, spoken language reveals many true features of human speech while written language is only the “revised” record of spe ech. Thus their data for investigation and analysis are mostly drawn from everyday speech, which they regard as authentic.3，How is Saussure's distinction between langue and parole similar to Chomsky's distinction between competence and performance?答：Saussure's distinction and Chomsky's are very similar, they differ at least in that Saussure took a sociological view of language and his notion of langue is a matter of social conventions, and Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of view and to him competence is a property of the mind of each individual.4，What characteristics of language do you think should be included in a good, comprehensive definition of language?答：1，First of all, language is a system, i.e., elements of language are combined according to rules.2，Second, language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between a linguistic symbol and what the symbol stands for.3，Third, language is vocal because the primary medium for all languages is sound.4，Fourth, language is human-specific, i. e., it is very different from the communication systems other forms of life possess.5，What are the major functions of language? Think of your own examples for illustration. 答：Three main functions are often recognized of language: the descriptive function, the expressive function, and the social function.1，The descriptive function is the function to convey factual information, which can be asserted or denied, and in some cases even verified. For example: “China is a large country with a long history.”2，The expressive function supplies information about the user’s feelings, preferences, prejudices, and values. For example: “I will never go window-shopping with her.”3，The social function serves to establish and maintain social relations between people. . For example: “We are your firm supporters.”6，How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study?Both phonology and phonetics are concerned with the same aspect of language ––the speech sounds. But while both are related to the study of sounds,, they differ in their approach and focus. Phonetic s is of a general nature; it is interested in all the speech sounds used in all human languages: how they are produced, how they differ from each other, what phonetic features they possess, how they can be classified, etc. Phonology, on the other hand, aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.7，What is category? How to determine a word's category?Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb.To determine a word's category, three criteria are usually employed, namely meaning, inflection and distribution. A word's distributional facts together with information about its meaning and inflectional capabilities help identify its syntactic category.8，What are the major views concerning the study of meaning?答：(1) The naming theory proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. According to this theory, the linguistic forms or symbols, in other words, the words used in a language are simply labels of the objects they stand for. So words are just names or labels for things.(2) The conceptualist view has been held by some philosophers and linguists from ancienttimes. This view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to (i. e., between language and the real world); rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind.(3) The contextualist view held that meaning should be studied in terms of situation, use,context ––elements closely linked with language behaviour. The representative of this approach was J.R. Firth, famous British linguist.(4) Behaviorists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the “situation inwhich the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.”This theory, somewhat close to contextualism, is linked with psychological interest.。
语言学试题及答案
语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的最小意义单位是：A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案：C2. 以下哪个选项属于语言的词汇变化？A. 词义的扩展B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D3. 语言学中，研究语言的生理基础的分支学科是：A. 语音学B. 社会语言学C. 神经语言学D. 心理语言学答案：C4. 语言的语法结构中，句子的基本单位是：A. 词B. 短语C. 从句D. 句子答案：A5. 以下哪个选项不属于语言的交际功能？A. 表达情感B. 传递信息C. 娱乐消遣D. 记录历史答案：D6. 语言学中，研究语言在社会中如何使用和变化的分支学科是：A. 社会语言学B. 历史语言学C. 心理语言学D. 神经语言学答案：A7. 语言的语用学研究的是：A. 语言的物理属性B. 语言的社会属性C. 语言的意义和使用D. 语言的历史发展答案：C8. 以下哪个选项是语言的语音变化？A. 音位的变化B. 音节的变化C. 音素的变化D. 以上都是答案：D9. 语言学中，研究语言与思维关系的分支学科是：A. 心理语言学B. 社会语言学C. 神经语言学D. 认知语言学答案：D10. 以下哪个选项是语言的词汇创新？A. 新词的产生B. 旧词的消失C. 词义的演变D. 以上都是答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的音位变化通常包括音位的______、______和______。
答案：增加、减少、替换2. 语言的词汇变化可以通过______、______和______等方式实现。
答案：创造新词、借用外来词、词义演变3. 语言的语法结构中，______是构成句子的基本单位。
答案：词4. 语言的交际功能包括______、______和______等。
答案：表达思想、传递信息、表达情感5. 语言学中，______是研究语言的物理属性的分支学科。
答案：语音学6. 语言的语用学关注的是语言的______和______。
大学语言学试题
大学语言学试题一、简答题1.语言学的定义是什么？语言学是对语言现象进行系统研究的学科，包括语音学、语法学、语义学、语用学等各个方面的内容。
2.什么是语音学？语音学是研究语言音素及其组织规律的学科，它包括语音的产生、传播和接收三方面的内容。
3.什么是语法学？语法学是研究语言句法结构及其规律的学科，它研究句子的构成、成分的功能和句子之间的关系等内容。
4.什么是语义学？语义学是研究词义和句义及其组织规律的学科，它关注词的意义、句子的意义以及意义的表达方式等方面的内容。
5.什么是语用学？语用学是研究语言使用及其背后的意义的学科，它研究人们如何使用语言进行交际和表达意义，关注语境、语用原则等内容。
二、论述题1.语言学与语法学的区别和联系。
语言学是对语言现象进行全面研究的学科，涵盖了语音学、语法学、语义学和语用学等方面的内容。
而语法学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究语法现象及其规律。
语言学与语法学的联系在于语法学是语言学的重要组成部分，它提供了研究语言结构和规律的方法和理论基础。
同时，语法学的研究结果也为语言学的其他方面提供了重要的参考。
然而，语言学与语法学的区别在于语言学更加宏观和综合，它研究语言的各个方面，包括语音、词汇、句法、语义和语用等。
而语法学则是语言学中具体研究句法现象的一个分支，着重研究句子的构成、成分的功能和句子之间的关系。
2.语音学与音系学的关系。
语音学研究语音的产生、传播和接收，它是语言学的一个重要分支学科。
而音系学则是语音学中研究语言音素及其组织规律的一个分支领域。
语音学通过观察和记录语音现象，研究不同语音之间的差异和共性。
而音系学则在此基础上进一步研究语言中的音素及其分类、组织以及声音之间的相互关系。
简言之，语音学是对语音现象的整体研究，而音系学是语音学中对语音结构及其规律的具体研究。
三、分析题1.什么是语言的意义？语言的意义是指语言表达所传递的信息内容。
它涉及词汇意义、句子意义和话语意义等多个层次。
(完整word版)语言学问答题
Chapter 14. Do you think that onomatopoeia indicates a non-arbitrary relationship between form and meaning?Answer：No matter you say "Yes" or "No", you cannot deny that onomatopoeia needs arbitrariness. Before we feel a word is onomatopoeic we should first know which sound the word imitates. Just as what is said in Chapter One, in order to imitate the noise of flying mosquitoes, there are many choices like "murmurous" and "murderous". They both bear more or less resemblance to the genuine natural sound, but "murmurous" is fortunately chosen to mean the noise while "murderous" is chosen to mean something quite different. They are arbitrary as signifiers.6. Does the traffic light system have duality? Can you explain by drawing a simple graph?Answer：Traffic light does not have duality. Obviously, it is not a double-level system. There is only one-to-one relationship between signs and meaning but the meaning units cannot be divided into smaller meaningless elements further. So the traffic light only has the primary level and lacks the secondary level like animals’ calls. Red→stop Green→go Yellow→get ready to go or stop10. What do you think of Bertrand Russell’s observation of the dog language: “No matter how eloquently a dog may bark, he cannot te ll you that his parents were poor but honest”? Are you familiar with any type of ways animals communicate among themselves and with human beings?Answer：When gazelles sense potential danger, for example, they flee and thereby signal to other gazelles in the vicinity that danger is lurking. A dog signals its wish to be let inside the house by barking and signals the possibility that it might bite momentarily by displaying its fangs.13. Comment on the following prescriptive rules. Do you think they are acceptable?(A) It is I.(B) It is me.You should say A instead of B because “be” should be followed by the nominative case, not the accusative according to the rules in Latin.Answer：(1) the Latin rule is not universal. In English, me is informal and I is felt to be very formal.(2) Whom is used in formal speech and in writing; who is more acceptable in informal speech.(3) Language does not have to follow logic reasoning. Here two negative only make a more emphatic negative. This sentence is not acceptable in Standard English not because it is illogical, but because language changes and rejects this usage now.17. The following are some well-known ambiguous sentences in syntactic studies of language. Can you disambiguate them?The chicken is too hot to eat.Flying planes can be dangerous.Answer：The chicken is too hot to eat.The chicken meat is too hot, so it cannot be eaten at the moment.The chicken feels so hot (maybe after some intense aerobic exercises) that it cannot start eating and needs to calm down first.Flying planes can be dangerous.The ambiguity comes from "flying planes". It can be deciphered as "the planes that is flying" or "to fly planes". 21. Give examples of situations in which a usage generally considered non-standard (e.g. ain’t) would be acceptable, even appropriate.Answer：In the talks between intimate friends, one may say “gimme that!” instead of “give me that!” and “wachya doin’?” instead of “what are you doing?” and this list may go on.Chapter 22、Give the description of the following sound segments in English.Answer：ʃ——voiceless postalveolar fricativeð——voiced dental fricativeŋ——velar nasald——voiced alveolar stop/plosivep——voiceless bilabial stop/plosivek——voiceless velar stop/plosivel——laterali——high front unrounded lax vowelu: p—— high back rounded tense vowelɔ——low back rounded lax vowel3、Give the IPA symbols for the sounds that correspond to the descriptions below.Answer：Voiceless labiodental fricative——fVoiced postalveolar fricative——ʒPalatal approximant ——jVoiceless glottal fricative——hVoiceless alveolar stop——tHigh-mid front unrounded vowel——eHigh central rounded vowel——uLow front rounded vowel——ðLow-mid back rounded vowel——ɔHigh back rounded tense vowel——u:5、Discuss the following questions.To what extent is phonology related too phonetics and how do they differ? Answer：Both phonetics and phonology study human sounds but they differ in the levels of analysis.Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced,transmitted,and perceived.Chapter 310、Classfy the following words as loanwords(LW),loanblends(LB),loanshifts(LS)or loan translation(LT). Answer：LW:monk,loan-word,tea LB:booby trap,coconut,ChinatownLS:yankee,artificial,satellite LT:firewater,free verse,warpaint11、If there are two affixes-ly,one producing adjectives and the other attaching to adjectives to produce adverbs,can we find words with both of these affixes?Answer：No.Words with both of these affixes-ly are not allocated in English.See below:Friendlily(friend-friendly-friendlily) Oilily(oil-oily-oilily)Chillily(chill-chilly-chillily)12、Make a list of nouns from the following words that-s can attch to.Epiphany foot hat house Kitchen ox phenomenon region sheep tomatoAnswer: hat house kitchen regionChapter 42、Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences.Answer：——The instructor told the students to study. [NP(det.+n)+V+NP(det.+n)+inf.]——The customer requested for a cold beer.[ NP(det.+n)+V+PP(prep.+det.+adj.+n.)]——The pilot landed the jet.[ NP(det.+n)+V+NP(det.+n)]——These dead trees must be removed.[ NP(det.+adj+n)+mv+be+past participle) ]——That glass suddenly broke.[ NP(det.+n)+adv.+V]3、Put brackets around the immediate constituents in each sentence.Answer：——((The)( boy))(( was)) crying)).——(Shiu)(( the)( door)).——((Open)(( the)( door)))( quickly).——((The)((( happy)( teacher))(( in)(( that)( class)))))(( was)(( beaming)( away))).——(He)((( bought)(( an)(( old)( car))))(( with)(( his)(( first)(( pay)( cheque)))))).4、For each of the underlinged constructions or word groups,do the following.Answer：——Duceks quack..(non-headed;independent clause)——The ladder in the shed is long enough.( non-head;prepositional phrase)——I saw a bridge damaged beyond repair.(headed;headword—damaged;adjectival group)——Singing hymns is forbidden in some countries.(headed;headword—singing;gerundial phrase)——His handsome face appeared in the magazine.( headed; headword—face;nominal group)A lady of great beauty came out.( (non-headed; prepositional phrase)——He enjoys climbing high mountains.(headed;headword—climbing;gerundial phrase)——The man nodded patiently.(non—headed;independent clause)——A man roused by the insult drew his sword.(headed;headword—roused;adjectveal phrase)8、Mark the underlined parts of the sentences in Ex.4-37 with the terms such as participial phrase,gerundial,and so on.Answer：The best thing would be to leave early.It’s great for a man to be free.Having finished their task,they came to help ue.Xiao Li being away,Xiao Wang had to do the work.Filled with shame,he left the house.All our savings gone,we started looking for jobs.It’s no use crying over spilt milk.Do you mind my opening the window.Chapter 5[ Dear White Fella. You White Fella ]Answer:This poem is about the use of the word“coloured”.The author cleverly makes use of “coloured”in sense of “different colours”to qppose the practive to refer to black people as “coloured”. This shows form another point of view that “coloured” is not a superordinate to “red”, “green”, “yellow”.[ Write out the synonyms of the following words: youth; automobile; remember; purchase; vacation; big.] Answer:(a)youth(adolescent);automobile(car);remember(recall);purchase(buy);vacation(holidays);big(large)(b)dark(lignt: with respect to brightness)boy(girl: with respect to sex)hot(cold: with respect to temperature)go(come:with respect to direction)(c)bright(a,shining;b.intelligent)To glare(a. to shine intensely; b.money in the bank)A deposit(a.minerals in the earth; b.money in the bank)Plane(a. aflying vehicle; b. a flat surface)[ The British linguist F.R Palmer argues in his Semantics that “there”is no absolute distinction between (gradable antonyms and complementary sntonyms).]Answer: I t is not advisable to tell beginners of linguistics thar the distinction between gradable antonyms and complementary antonyms is relative. The expression “more dead than alive” is not a true comparative.[ 姜望琪（1991:79）claims that“to some extent, we can say that a ny two words of the same part of speech may become antonyms.. what do you think of the claim?]Answer: this is a reasonable claim. As the author said in the paper.“man” can be the antonym of “woman”, but it can also be the antonym of“boy” in a situation wh en the age difference is important. When the difference between a man and an animal is important,“man” can also be the antonym of“dog”. And when the difference between something animate and something inanimate is important, then“man” can even be the antonym of “stone”. In the extreme cases, so-called synonyms may also become antonyms, for example,“ You have to peel a raw potato but you can skin a boiled one”,“He’s no statesman, but a mere politician.Chapter 8[ The daughter walks into the kitchen and takes some popcorn. ]Answer：The illocutionary force of“I thought you were practicing your violin”is a criticism of the daughter for her not practicing the violin .That of the daughter’s answer is a defence for herslf-I’m going to do that. And that of the f ather’s retort is a denial of the daughter’s excuse.[ If you ask somebody“Can you open the door？”he answers“Yes”…]Answer：I would be angry with him.“Can you open the door”is normally a request of the hearer to do it rather than a question about his abil ity. The fact that he answers“Yes”but does not actually do it shows that he declines my request.[ On 14 January,1993,US President-elect Bill Clinton spoke to…]Answer：Yes, this is an occasion on which the CP and its maxims are suspended.When he formulated his CP, Grice qualified it with expressions like “normally”，“characteristically”and“ceteris paribus”.InOther words ,the CP and its maxims are not meant to be observed in all situations. Alternatively, we may say that assumptions like“The speaker believes in what he says”are implicatures, which will be cancelled in situations where there are indications to the contrary. Similar occasions include funeral orations, poetry writing, and joking.[ A：Have you seen Peter today？B：Well, if I didn’t deny seeing him I wouldn’t be telling a lie.]Answer：Without a proper context, these conversations can all be regarded as jokes resulting form the exploitation of Grice’s CP and maxims.In(1) Speaker B uses a long and prolix way to express the meaning of“Yes, I have”, thus violating the Manner maxim of “Be brief(avoid prolixity)”.(2B) results from the exploiting of Quality maxims in that the speaker seems to be telling the truth while deliberately misinterpreting Speaker A’s “there”.(3B) is another instance of exploiting the Quality maxims. Though logically speaking it may be true that Speaker B has been helpful to A，we don’t usually respond to others’ thanks in this way.On one hand,(4B) is still another instance of exploiting the Quality maxims in that Mr Smith’s office is really“not here”.On the other hand, Speaker B as violated the Quantity maxim of being as informative as is required since A needs more specific information than“not here”.(5B) is an indirect way of declining the offer. In terms of Grice’s maxims, this is a case of not being relevant.In the last conversation, Speaker B uses a long prolix way for the simple answer“Yes, he has”,and has thus violated the Manner maxim of “Be brief(avoid prolixity)”。
语言学试题及答案
语言学试题及答案1. 语言学的主要研究对象是什么？A. 文学作品B. 语言C. 社会文化D. 人类行为答案：B2. 以下哪个选项不属于语音学的研究范畴？A. 音素B. 音节C. 语法D. 音调答案：C3. 语言的最小意义单位是什么？A. 词汇B. 语素C. 句子D. 篇章答案：B4. 以下哪个选项不是语言的交际功能？A. 信息传递B. 情感表达C. 社会认同D. 文学创作答案：D5. 语言的演变主要受哪些因素的影响？A. 社会变迁B. 科技发展C. 地理环境D. 所有以上答案：D6. 以下哪个选项不属于句法学的研究内容？A. 句子结构B. 词类C. 语音变化D. 句型答案：C7. 语言的同义现象指的是什么？A. 同音异义词B. 同形异义词C. 同义异形词D. 反义词答案：C8. 以下哪个选项不是语言的变异现象？A. 地域方言B. 社会方言C. 个人语言风格D. 语言的标准化答案：D9. 语言的符号性特征主要体现在哪个方面？A. 声音的物理性质B. 符号与意义的关系C. 符号的书写形式D. 符号的使用频率答案：B10. 以下哪个选项不是语言接触的结果？A. 借用B. 语言融合C. 语言分化D. 语言灭绝答案：D1. 语言是一种______的社会现象，它是人类最重要的______工具。
答案：社会性；交际2. 语言的任意性是指语言的______和______之间没有必然的、逻辑的联系。
答案：形式；意义3. 语言的双轨制指的是______和______。
答案：语言；言语4. 语言的层级结构包括______、______、______等。
答案：音系层；词汇层；句法层5. 语言的同化现象是指外来词在______语言中逐渐失去原有的______特征。
答案：借入；语音6. 语言的规范化是指通过______、______等手段，使语言的使用更加______和______。
答案：立法；教育；统一；规范7. 语言的交际功能包括______、______、______等。
华中科技大学语言学问答题集结
华中科技大学语言学问答题集结语言学名词解释（举例说明）集结2021年女团的递归性传统语文学句法多义隐喻与切换以此类推促进作用双语现象2021年小学区别特征语法范畴皮钦语语音对应关系2021年语文学和语言学语法形式和语法范畴女团关系和生成关系音质音位和非音质音位洋泾浜和克里奥尔语2021年语言和言语词缀和词尾所指和能指类型分类和谱系分类语音演变和语流音变2021年音位变体共时语言学结构的二层性历史比较法语言的融合2021年韵律特征普通语言学组合的递归性语法意义义素分析2021年明和浊形态转换分析法亲属语言重合构词语言学问答题集结2002年“如果a，那么b”有几种主要的表意关系？请各举一例说明。
举例说明汉语音位系统中的不平行、不对称现象，并分析其原因。
如何理解“语言是一种层级装置”，这种装置是如何运行的。
以汉语为例说明词的重叠可以表达怎样的语法意义。
尽可能多的举例说明句式变换的主要形式。
语言在思维心智活动中的促进作用主要整体表现在哪几个方面。
融合汉语的自身特点分析其对外来词的影响。
比较分析语言中的歧义与模糊不清现象。
目前港台有这样一种现象，例如“你rea不read这本书？”你认为这是什么现象？试分析一下它形成的原因和发展前途。
2021年谈谈语言和言语的区别和联系，并表明区分二者的意义。
汉语的词为什么有双音节化倾向，现代汉语的双音节化有什么作用。
举例说明重叠词、叠音式单纯词和重叠式词组之间的异同。
有人说道“现代西方语言的常用词语存有几万至十万个，可是现代常用的汉字只有几千个，可知汉语就是多么匮乏”，你如何评价。
语言发展的不平衡性具体内容彰显在哪些方面？什么叫词语借用过程中的“借出再借回现象”？它说明什么？语言和思维互相不对应表现在哪些方面？语言的谱系分类和语言结构类型分类各自依据的标准就是什么？同系属的语言在结构类型上是不是一定相同？为什么？2021年在确定方言时应该考虑哪些因素？在给汉语方言分类时主要考虑哪些因素？从信息论的角度看，语言交际可以表述为怎样的过程，对于其中两个根本环节进行研究，还需要哪些学科的协作？举例说明变换对于聚合关系研究的作用。
英汉语言对比_华中科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
英汉语言对比_华中科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.How are you Lennox? Good to see you ______ and about.参考答案:up2.英语的句子书面上以句号、问号或感叹号结尾，句子的界限非常清晰。
参考答案:正确3.古英语词汇在现代英语词汇中无足轻重。
参考答案:错误4.______进入英国，使得英语越来越规范。
参考答案:印刷术5.声母和韵母相同的字、词，其意义往往靠不同的______来区别。
参考答案:声调6.I cannot care less about the result of the interview. 该句的译文是______?参考答案:我一点也不在乎这次面试的结果。
7.汉语的被动式所表达的一般是不如意或不企望的事情参考答案:正确8.I'd do it with pleasure, only that I am too busy. 该句的译文是______?参考答案:我很高兴去做这件事，只是我太忙了做不了。
9.隐喻类似于传统意义上修辞学中的暗喻，指人们用一个具体的概念来理解另一个抽象概念的方式。
参考答案:正确10.英语的结构被动句要比汉语结构被动使用频率高得多。
参考答案:正确11.汉语中的婚姻表达比英语中包含更多的容器隐喻。
参考答案:正确12.“他最近情绪很低落。
"该句的译文是 He's been so ______ lately.参考答案:down13.“望子成龙”的译文是“to hope one's children will ______”。
参考答案:have a bright future14.“pull one's leg”的译文是______?参考答案:开玩笑15.“喜结连理，百年好合。
”该句中包含的婚姻隐喻是______？参考答案:婚姻是连接16.连动结构中所有动词与同一主语构成主谓关系。
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语言学名词解释（举例说明）集结
2004年
组合的递归性传统语文学句法多义
隐喻与转换类推作用双语现象
2005年
小学区别特征语法范畴
皮钦语语音对应关系
2006年
语文学和语言学语法形式和语法范畴组合关系和聚合关系音质音位和非音质音位洋泾浜和克里奥尔语
2007年
语言和言语词缀和词尾所指和能指
类型分类和谱系分类语音演变和语流音变
2008年
音位变体共时语言学结构的二层性
历史比较法语言的融合
2009年
韵律特征普通语言学组合的递归性
语法意义义素分析
2010年
清和浊形态变换分析法
亲属语言重叠构词
语言学问答题集结
2002年
“如果A，那么B”有几种主要的表意关系？请各举一例说明。
举例说明汉语音位系统中的不平行、不对称现象，并分析其原因。
如何理解“语言是一种层级装置”，这种装置是如何运行的。
以汉语为例说明词的重叠可以表达怎样的语法意义。
尽可能多的举例说明句式变换的主要形式。
语言在思维认知活动中的作用主要表现在哪几个方面。
结合汉语的自身特点分析其对外来词的影响。
比较分析语言中的歧义与模糊现象。
目前港台有这样一种现象，例如“你rea不read这本书？”你认为这是什么现象？试分析一下它形成的原因和发展前途。
2003年
谈谈语言和言语的区别和联系，并说明区分二者的意义。
汉语的词为什么有双音节化倾向，现代汉语的双音节化有什么作用。
举例说明重叠词、叠音式单纯词和重叠式词组之间的异同。
有人说“现代西方语言的常用词语有几万到十万个，可是现代常用的汉字只有几千个，可见汉语是多么贫乏”，你如何评价。
语言发展的不平衡性具体体现在哪些方面？
什么叫词语借用过程中的“借出再借回现象”？它说明什么？
语言和思维互相不对应表现在哪些方面？
语言的谱系分类和语言结构类型分类各自依据的标准是什么？同系属的语言在结构类型上是不是一定相同？为什么？
2004年
在确定方言时应该考虑哪些因素？在给汉语方言分类时主要考虑哪些因素？
从信息论的角度看，语言交际可以表述为怎样的过程，对于其中两个根本环节进行研究，还需要哪些学科的协作？
举例说明变换对于聚合关系研究的作用。
试举两例具体说明语言学理论对于外语教学的指导作用。
语言环境大致可以分为几类？语言环境对语义理解可能造成哪些影响？
对语言经济原则的理解。
2005年
如何理解“语言学既是一门古老的科学，又是一门年轻的科学；既与社会科学有密切的联系，又与自然科学有密切的联系”这段话的含义？
举例说明语言符号的系统性。
举例说明表现语法形式的主要方法是什么？
方言和亲属语言有何异同？判断的主要依据是什么？
举例说明汉语语法聚合规则的发展演变。
2006年
举例说明汉语音位系统中的不平行、不对称现象，并分析其出现的原因。
以英语为母语的汉语初学者常错用汉语的否定副词“不”和“没”，请分析这一现象。
组合的递归性对语言结构、表达有何积极意义。
古汉语中的“城”和“郭”，英语中的many和much，既可看成同义词，又可看成反义词，请分析原因。
何谓语言的谱系分类？举例说明如何确定语言的亲属关系？
就你所观察到的人们因年龄、性别、职业、阶层、文化背景等的不同所表现出来的语言上的差异，举例说明这种语言现象。
2007年
举例说明语素、音节与字符间的关系。
简要说明语言的社会性。
简析语言符号的特点。
以汉语为例说明语义场的层次性和系统性。
什么是社会方言？影响社会方言形成的主要社会因素有哪些？请结合实例谈谈社群分化对语言产生的影响。
2008年
举例说明语言和种族的关系。
简要说明声母和辅音、韵母和元音的区别与联系。
简析语言起源必须具备的条件。
为什么说每个语言成分都处在组合与聚合双重关系之中？
2009年
举例说明语言符号的离散型特征和线性特征。
简要说明汉语词的双音节化倾向及其作用。
为什么说方言语法是历时语法演变在共时语法现象中的反映？
举例说明语言发展演变的特点。
为什么说语言是人类最重要的交际工具？
简要说明索绪尔对语言学的主要贡献。
举例说明主要的语法手段有哪些？
为什么b,p,d,t,g,k这六个辅音在汉语拼音方案中用六个字母表示，而在英语和俄语中却只用三个字母表示？
2012年
如何理解“语言是一种层级装置”，这种装置是如何运行的？
谈谈言语和语言的区别与联系，并说明区分二者的意义。
举例说明重叠词、叠音式单纯词、重叠式词组之间的异同。
结合汉语自身的特点分析其对外来词的影响。
谈一下对语言学的认识（论述）
“语言是一种社会现象”（论述）
2013年
简述索绪尔对语言学的贡献。
说明人类语言产生需要哪些条件？
举例说明语法规则的性质和特点。
举例说明语法形式和语法意义的对应关系。
结合实例说明复元音和几个相连的单元音之间的区别。
比较说明词缀和词尾的异同。
从各自报考的专业谈谈你对语言研究工作的认识。
（论述）
汉语言基础名词解释集结
2002年
声调部件向心结构韵、韵部
夺文之言、之为言骈文如字
委婉《史记》三家注
2003年
反切析字破读音广韵
古今字讳字重唇音右文说
2004年
叶韵代称经籍籑诂拓本
2006年
《古书虚字集释》脱文叶韵反切
2007年
“鲁迅风”杂文四大南戏语素反切
2008年
左联《西厢记》熟语古音通假2009年
《牡丹亭》《诗八首》汉语外来词古今字2010年
《典论·论文》“语丝”派散文现代汉名族共同语反切法2012年
公安三袁两个口号的论争互文现代汉语2013年
零余者性灵说发音方法平仄
汉语言文学基础问答题集结
2002年
怎样根据字形认识一个字的本意？（举例）
为什么有人将《诗经》称为“毛诗”？
假借有哪两种类型？（举例）假借的基本条件是什么？
2003年
古书的注解有“注”和“疏”，请简要说明两者的主要特点及其差异。
什么叫古书通假？古书通假分为哪两种？两者的主要特点是什么？有何异同？2006年
什么叫“零声母”？建立这一概念有什么好处？
举例说明汉字形旁表意效率下降的原因。
在用音译方法借用外来词时，汉语采用了哪些方式来提示其意义？
在判断词的兼类时，应注意哪些问题？
连动式与连贯关系的复句相比，在形式和表意上有什么区别？
注疏类著作，一般包括经、注、疏三个层次，请简要说明“注”和“疏”的不同。
什么叫使动用法？什么叫意动用法？请举例说明两者的相同点和不同之处。
语音是发展变化的，比如中古汉语有平上去入四个声调，到了现代，各个地方的声调各不相同。
请你简要叙述一下中古汉语和现代汉语普通话声调的关系，并举例说明。
2007年
什么叫历史语法学？什么叫比较语法学？什么叫描写语法学？说明一下它们之间的相同点和不同点。
什么是修辞？请以现代汉语为例，简要阐明修辞跟语法、逻辑的关系。
2008年
举例简述动宾谓语句和主谓谓语句的关系。
简述许慎《说文解字·叙》的汉字构造的“六书”并谈谈对“六书”的认识。
2009年
比较“放了一头牛”和“跑了一头牛”语法结构的异同。
举例说明古今词义发展变化的规律。
2010年
比较分析“发现宝藏的人”和“发现敌军的意图”和“发现敌人的哨兵”的语法结构和语义结构的异同。
举例说明古汉语中古今字和异体字各有什么差别。
2013年
举例说明比喻的种类？
句类和句型的关系
注解体例和注解术语的用法及特点。