2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读三
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读三十三
Twilight of the bureaucrats官僚的黄昏Millions of retiring Arab civil servants need not be replaced数百万即将退休的阿拉伯公务员不需要人来顶替Governments could save billions if they resist the urge to hire more政府如果能抑制住招募更多公务员的冲动，就能节省数十亿美元At a municipal parking garage in Cairo,a row of freshly painted machines wait to dispense tickets to drivers.But the machines are turned off. Attendants stand next to them and hand out tickets manually.在开罗的一个市政停车场，一排崭新的机器正在待命，等着给司机们分发票据。
但这些机器是关着的。
工作人员站在它们旁边，手动分发着票据。
It is one of many useless government jobs in the Egyptiancapital.Stamping passports at the airport can be a three-person affair. Offices are full of functionaries who make photocopies or brew tea(few do both).这是埃及首都诸多政府闲职中的一个。
机场给护照盖章的工作甚至都要3个人来做。
办公室里到处都是复印资料或泡茶的工作人员（很少会兼做这两项）。
More than5m Egyptians work in the civil service.Each serves fewer than 20citizens,if“serves”is the right word.Other developing countries get by with a far less populous public sector.埃及有超过500万名公务员。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一三六
Japanese commuters try new ways to deter gropers日本通勤族尝试用新方法防止性骚扰Victims are fighting back with apps,badges and invisible ink受害者正在用应用程序、徽章和隐形墨水来反击Throughout her20s,Yayoi Matsunaga was groped,almost daily,on packed rush-hour trains going to and from work.Three decades later,she discovered that her friend’s daughter was being molested on her commute to high school.在松永弥生20多岁的时候，她几乎每天都会在上下班高峰拥挤的列车上被人骚扰。
30年过去了，她发现她朋友的女儿仍会在上高中的通勤路上被人骚扰。
The teenager,after fruitless talks with the police and railway companies, decided to hang a sign from her bag that read:“Groping is a crime.I will not cry myself to sleep.”The groping stopped immediately.在与警方和铁路部门交涉无果后，这名女孩决定在她的书包上挂一个牌子，上面写着：“性骚扰就是犯罪，我不会暗自哭泣的。
”效果立竿见影。
Inspired,Ms Matsunaga launched a crowdfunding campaign in2015to create badges with the same message.They proved as effective as the sign: nearly95%of users stopped experiencing groping on public transport, according to a survey.受此启发，松永弥生在2015年发起了一项众筹活动，制作带有相同信息的徽章。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Ask people to name someone they find charming and the answers are often predictable. There’s James Bond, the fictional spy with a penchant for shaken martinis. Maybe they’ll mention Oprah Winfrey, Bill Clinton or a historical figure, like the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. or Mahatma Gandhi. Now ask the same people to describe, in just a few seconds, what makes these charmers so likable.要是你让人说出一个他心目中有魅力的人的名字，答案通常都可以预测。
有人会说詹姆斯·邦德，那个偏爱摇酒法调制的马提尼的虚构的间谍。
也许会有人提到欧普拉·温弗里，比尔·克林顿，或是某个历史人物，比如小马丁·路德·金牧师，或是圣雄·甘地。
那么现在再让同一个人来用区区几秒钟描述，到底是什么特质让这些魅力十足的人物如此受人爱戴呢？It’s here, in defining what exactly charisma is, that most hit a wall. Instinctually, we know that we’re drawn to certain people more than others. Quantifying why we like them is an entirely different exercise.到此为止，在魅力到底是什么的确切定义过程中，通常就是到这里走进了死胡同。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一三四
The first face-off人脸识别第一案A lawsuit against face-scans in China could have big consequences在中国，一场有关人脸识别的诉讼或将带来巨大的影响Guo Bing,a legal academic in the eastern city of Hangzhou,likes to spend his leisure time at a local safari park.But when the park informed season-pass holders like him that admission would require a face-scan,Mr Guo objected.郭兵是中国东部城市杭州市的一名法律学者，他平日里喜欢在当地的野生动物园度过闲暇时光。
但当动物园告知像他这样的年卡用户需要扫脸入园时，郭先生无法接受。
Late last month he filed a lawsuit,claiming the new rules violated his privacy.Facial-recognition technology is widely used in izens have been hailing Mr Guo as a champion of consumer rights.A thread about his suit has garnered100m views on Weibo,a social-media platform.上月底，他以新规定侵犯其隐私为由向法院提起了诉讼。
人脸识别技术在中国已经得到了广泛的应用。
网友们纷纷称赞郭兵是消费者权益的捍卫者。
在社交媒体平台新浪微博上，一条关于他诉讼的微博获得了1亿次的点击量。
It is surprising that it has taken so long for the judiciary to get involved. Some300tourist sites in China use facial recognition to admit visitors.The safari park says doing so can shorten queues.令人惊讶的是，司法部门过了这么久才介入其中。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二三
Why an“Uber for tailors”is gaining ground in Lagos“裁缝优步”为何能在拉各斯发展起来？“Rich and poor,everyone has a tailor here,”says Olajire Omikunle,a couturier for Nigeria’s powerful.So great is the appeal of a well-cut outfit in Lagos,Nigeria’s commercial centre,that roadside stitchers rove the streets armed with their sewing machines and clicking their large scissors to drum up customers.尼日利亚颇具影响力的服装设计师奥拉吉尔·奥米昆勒说：“无论贫富，这里的每个人都有自己的裁缝。
”在尼日利亚的商业中心拉各斯，一套剪裁考究的服装如此具有吸引力，以至于街头裁缝们会带着他们的缝纫机在街道上来回穿梭，并拿着大剪刀咔嚓咔嚓地招揽着顾客。
David Peterside,a local entrepreneur,hopes to capitalise on this sartorial obsession with a new app that is being dubbed an“Uber for tailors”.Fashion Map allows natty Nigerians to find a suitmaker at the press of a button.当地企业家戴维·彼得赛德希望借着人们对服装的痴迷，开发一款名为“裁缝优步”的新应用。
整洁时髦尼日利亚人只需按下一个按钮，便能在时尚地图上找到一位裁缝。
It may be a perfect fit for Africa’s most populous country.Nigeria has a fast-growing base of smartphone users and“over100,000registered tailors”,says Otunba Wasiu Taiwo of the Nigeria Union of Tailors.“We are still counting.”该应用或许非常适合这个非洲人口最多的国家。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读十三
Sun,sea and a diplomatic point阳光、大海和外交China’s high-spending tourists bring political clout中国的高消费游客带来了政治影响力Countries at odds with China find holidaymakers from there stop coming 与中国不和的国家发现，中国游客不再来了Earlier this month the great pyramids of Giza and the nearby Sphinx were lit up in“Chinese red”.Spectators,many of them from China,were then given another unprecedented treat.The sound-and-light show,a staple of pyramid entertainment since1961,was narrated in Chinese.本月初，“中国红”点亮了吉萨的大金字塔和附近的狮身人面像。
随后，参观者（特别是来自中国的游客）感受了另一种前所未有的体验。
自1961年以来作为金字塔主打娱乐节目的声光表演是用中文来讲解的。
The event was sponsored by the Chinese government,which takes pride in its travellers’growing influence.Since2012China has been the world’s biggest source of tourists.Chinese travellers racked up nearly150m trips abroad last year.活动是由中国政府赞助的，中国政府以中国游客日益增长的影响力为荣。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二四
Neanderthals had a propensity for earache,nudging them to their doom易患耳疾将尼安德特人推向了灭亡A new analysis of their skulls points to an anatomical problem一项对头颅的新研究指出了一个生理构造缺陷The last neanderthals vanished from Earth about40,000years ago.Exactly what drove them to extinction,however,remains a mystery,with their disappearance variously attributed to anything from climate change to inferior cognitive abilities or even cannibalism.在大约4万年前，最后一批尼安德特人消失在地球上。
但究竟是什么导致了他们的灭亡，至今仍是一个谜，关于他们灭亡原因有着各种各样的猜想，从气候变化到认知能力低下，再到同类相食。
Anthony Pagano,a medical researcher at Seton Hall University in New Jersey,has a new explanation.He thinks Neanderthals might have been unusually prone to severe ear infections,which left them struggling to compete against their Homo sapiens cousins.新泽西州西顿霍尔大学的医学研究员安东尼·帕加诺给出了一个新的解释。
他认为尼安德特人或许非常容易患上严重的耳部感染，这使得他们很难与智人相互竞争。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
A global house-price slump is coming全球房价即将暴跌It won’t blow up the financial system, but it will be scary虽然不会摧毁金融体系，但仍然令人恐慌Over the past decade owning a house has meant easy money. Prices rose reliably for years and then went bizarrely ballistic in the pandemic. Yet today if your wealth is tied up in bricks and mortar it is time to get nervous.过去十年里，拥有一套房就意味着轻松赚钱。
房价多年来一直稳步上涨，甚至在疫情期间还异乎寻常地飙升了。
然而现如今，如果你的财富被套牢在房产上，那你应该感到紧张了。
House prices are now falling in nine rich economies. The drops in America are small so far, but in the wildest markets they are already dramatic. In condo-crazed Canada homes cost 9% less than they did in February.九个发达经济体的房价都在下跌。
到目前为止，美国房价的跌幅还不大，但最疯狂的市场的房价跌幅已经非常大了。
在热衷于共管公寓的加拿大，房价较今年2月下跌了9%。
As inflation and recession stalk the world a deepening correction is likely—even estate agents are gloomy. Although this will not detonate global banks as in 2007-09, it will intensify the downturn, leave a cohort of people with wrecked finances and start a political storm.随着通货膨胀和经济衰退的风险在全球范围内蔓延，房价或将迎来一场深度调整——甚至房地产经纪人也对此感到悲观。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一三一
Alibaba sold$38.4bn of merchandise this Singles’Day这个双十一，阿里巴巴创造了384亿美元的销售额The world’s biggest online shopping frenzy这是一场全球最大的在线购物狂欢In1993A group of male students at Nanjing University in China decided to celebrate their singledom.The annual date would be November11th, comprised of four lonely1s.1993年，中国南京大学的一群男生决定选个日子庆祝他们的单身生活。
于是他们便定在了每年的11月11日，这一天是由四个孤独的“1”组成的。
The story may be apocryphal.But since2009Alibaba,China’s e-commerce giant,has turned Singles’Day into a very real shopping frenzy.It has long since eclipsed America’s Black Friday and Cyber Monday online sales combined.这个故事或许是虚构的。
但自2009年以来，中国电子商务巨头阿里巴巴就已经将光棍节打造成了一场真正的购物狂欢。
其销售额早已超过了美国的黑色星期五和网络星期一在线销售额的总和。
This year Taylor Swift performed at the countdown.In the next24hours Alibaba sold$38.4bn-worth of petitors like and Pinduoduo have piled in.泰勒·斯威夫特（霉霉）甚至都参加了今年的天猫双十一晚会。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一三三
McDonald’s fires its boss over a workplace romance麦当劳CEO因办公室恋情遭到解雇The swiftness of Steve Easterbrook’s exit from McDonald’s matched that of Don Thompson,his predecessor,in2015.Mr Thompson was pushed out for poor performance.Not Mr Easterbrook,who was widely admired for doubling the American fast-food giant’s share price.史蒂夫·伊斯特布鲁克离开麦当劳的速度之快与其前任唐·汤普森（于2015年离职）不分伯仲。
汤普森是由于业绩不佳而遭到开除的。
但伊斯特布鲁克就不同了，他曾使这家美国快餐巨头的股价翻了一番，并因此广受赞誉。
On November3rd the company announced it was sacking its British-born boss because of“a recent consensual relationship with an employee”. Chris Kempczinski,who runs its domestic business,takes over.11月3日，麦当劳宣布解雇了这位英国籍老板，理由是“他最近与一位下属存在两情相悦的亲密关系”。
负责美国国内业务的克里斯·肯普钦斯基接手了该职位。
Bill George of Harvard Business School called Mr Easterbrook’s departure a“tragedy”for McDonald’s.In Europe ousting a capable CEO drew bemusement.Süddeutsche Zeitung,a German daily,commented that,“luckily”,German labour law would bar such a move.哈佛商学院的比尔·乔治称，伊斯特布鲁克的离开对于麦当劳来说是一场“悲剧”。
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Should the government determine what counts as quality journalism?优质新闻应该由政府来确定吗?Or should the job be left to private companies?或是让私人公司来确定?The news is not what it used to be.These days most consumers get most of their bulletins online.Since online publishing is cheap,a profusion of new sources have sprung up.新闻已经不是过去的样子了。
如今，大多数人都从网上看新闻。
由于在线出版的成本低廉，大量新的媒体如雨后春笋般涌现。
Websites run by established newspapers compete with newer,online-only outlets and professional(or amateur)blogs,not to mention the mix of articles,digital chain-letters and comments curated by the algorithms of social-media sites such as Facebook and Twitter.老牌新闻媒体运营的网站正在与更新的、仅提供在线资讯的网站以及专业（或业余）的博客相互竞争，更不用说由Facebook和Twitter等社交媒体网站基于算法的文章、用户间连续转发和评论的组合拳了。
Established media have struggled.Much of the advertising that used to pay journalists’salaries has gone to Facebook and Google,the two big technology firms that dominate the market for online advertising.老牌媒体一直在苦苦挣扎。
过去用于付给记者们薪水的广告大部分都流向了Facebook和谷歌，这两大科技公司主导着在线广告市场。
Print circulation has collapsed.Local papers have been particularly hard hit,with many going bust.报刊印刷量大幅下降。
地方小报受到的打击尤为严重，许多甚至都破产了。
Social-media algorithms prioritise attention-grabbing clickbait over boring truth,which helps propel nonsense around the world.Collins,a dictionary-publisher,declared“fake news”its2017neologism of the year.社交媒体的算法会优先考虑吸引眼球的标题党新闻，而非无聊的真新闻，这导致世界各个角落都充斥着假新闻。
词典出版商柯林斯甚至把“假新闻”一词评为2017年的年度新词。
In2018the government asked Dame Frances Cairncross,an economist (and former journalist on this newspaper)to ponder what,if anything,it should do about all this.On February12th her report was published.It mostly rejects the idea that journalism deserves a bail-out.2018年，英国政府向（本报前记者）弗朗西丝·凯恩克罗斯请教，如果可以的话，政府应该为此做些什么呢。
2月12日，她发表了一份报告，报告在很大程度上反对新闻业应该得到纾困这一观点。
Mostly,but not entirely.Dame Frances argues that public-interest journalism is undersupplied by the market,and that the government should support it via tax breaks or direct funding.Two types of journalism in particular deserve support.但也并非完全反对。
弗朗西丝认为，公共利益新闻在市场上供不应求，政府应该通过减税或直接资助来予以支持。
尤其是两类新闻应该得到支持。
One is that which investigates corruption and the abuse of power.Despite its cachet,such work is expensive,difficult and—from a commercial point of view—generally not worth it.一类是调查腐败和滥用权力的新闻。
这类新闻颇具威望，但其所需做的工作也是昂贵和困难的，而且从商业角度来看通常是不值得的。
The other is the sort of thing local newspapers used to provide:writing up planning meetings,trials in local courts and the like.另一类过去常常出现在地方小报上：刊登计划会议、地方法院的案件审判等等。
It is hard to imagine any news less likely to go viral.Yet the report cites research suggesting that a lack of it undermines voter turnout and civic engagement.很难想象这类新闻能够病毒式的传播开来。
然而，该报告援引的研究表明，这类新闻的缺乏会导致选民投票率和公民参与度的降低。
The most eye-catching recommendation,though,is that online platforms such as Google and Facebook be given a“news quality obligation”, backed by a regulator,requiring them to promote only news from reliable outlets.然而，最引人注目的建议是，谷歌和Facebook等在线平台应该被赋予一项“新闻质量义务”，并且得到监管机构的支持，这项义务要求它们只能推广来自可靠渠道的新闻。
“This is really unprecedented,”reckons Rasmus Nielsen of the Reuters Institute at the University of Oxford(which is funded partly by the press and big tech firms).“I can’t think of another democracy in which there is a call for regulatory oversight of what constitutes‘quality’in the news.”牛津大学路透研究所(该研究所部分是由媒体和大型科技公司资助的)的拉斯穆斯·尼尔森说:“这真是史无前例，我实在想不出还有哪个民主国家会呼吁人们对新闻‘质量’进行监管的。
”But it fits with growing worries that the ability of a small number of technology firms to amplify and disseminate news may be unhealthy. Politicians have called for the likes of Google to censor everything from fake news stories to articles about suicide and self-harm.但这也正应了人们对于少数科技公司日益增加的担忧，这些公司所拥有的放大和传播新闻的能力可能是有害的。
政界人士呼吁谷歌等这类公司对所有内容（从假新闻到自杀和自残的文章）进行审查。
Resistant at first,firms are trying to comply.But they are walking into a minefield.The smartphone version of Edge,Microsoft’s web browser,for instance,now warns users about sites it deems untrustworthy.起初，各公司都很抵触，但如今正在试图遵守。
但他们正在步入雷区。
例如，微软的网络浏览器Edge的手机版现在对于它认为不值得信任的网站会向用户发出警告。
In January it flagged MailOnline,the widely read website of the pearl-clutching Daily Mail,for“generally[failing]to maintain basic standards of accuracy and accountability”.After the Mail complained,the warning was removed.今年1月，《每日邮报》旗下拥有众多读者的网站MailOnline被Edge标为“此网站通常无法达到新闻准确性和责任性的基本标准”。
在遭到每日邮报的投诉后，警告才被删掉。
Having governments rate the media would be an awkward policy for a liberal democracy.But the report argues that the alternative—leaving it to the judgment of private companies—is even worse.对一个自由民主的国家来说，让政府对媒体进行评级将是一项尴尬的政策。