中国医科大学病理学英文课件9教案资料
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医学课件《病理学》精品课程授课课件全篇
分子病理学研究
利用分子生物学技术，研究疾病在分 子水平上的变化，如基因突变、蛋白 质组学等。
02
疾病的基本病理过程
细胞和组织的适应与损伤
适应
损伤
细胞和组织对于内、外环境中的持续性刺 激和各种有害因子产生的非损伤性应答反 应。
细胞水肿
细胞和组织对于各种有害因子产生的非适 应性和损伤性应答反应。
脂肪变性
• 病理学检查在临床诊断中的价值与局限性
病理学诊断方法 临床病理诊断的步骤和注意事项
01
价值
02
对肿瘤等疾病的诊断具有决定 性意义，提供准确的病理分型 和分期信息。
03
对某些疾病具有特异性诊断价 值，如结核、真菌感染等。
病理学诊断方法 临床病理诊断的步骤和注意事项
• 为临床治疗提供指导，如手术范围、放化疗方案等。
泌尿系统感染
由于细菌等微生物感染引起的尿道、膀胱和肾 盂等泌尿系统的炎症。
肾衰竭
由于各种原因引起的肾功能丧失，包括急性肾衰竭和慢性肾衰竭等。
神经系统病理
脑梗塞
由于脑血管阻塞引起的脑缺血坏死，包括脑血栓形成和脑栓 塞等。
帕金森病
以黑质多巴胺能神经元显著变性丢失、纹状体多巴胺能通路 变性为特征的疾病。
组织病理学研究一直是病理学研究的 基础，近年来在组织样本库建设、免 疫组织化学技术应用等方面取得了重 要突破。
要点三
临床病理学研究
随着临床诊疗技术的不断发展，临床 病理学在疾病诊断、治疗及预后判断 等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，如 对肿瘤患者的个体化治疗。
病理学研究的热点问题
肿瘤病理学研究
心血管病理学研究
细胞损伤时，线粒体受损，ATP生成减少， 细胞膜钠泵功能障碍，导致细胞内钠离子 和水过多积聚，形成细胞水肿。
病理学英文课件：Acute and Chronic inflammation
Acute inflammation is the immediate and early response to injury designed to deliver fluid and leukocytes to sites of injury Phases of acute inflammation Initiation Amplification Termination Core events in acute inflammation Vascular reaction Fluid and cellular exudation
Overview of Inflammation
Inflammation is divided into acute and chronic patterns
Acute inflammation is rapid in onset (seconds or minutes) and is of relatively short duration, lasting for minutes, several hours, or a few days; its main characteristics are the exudation of fluid and plasma proteins (edema) and the emigration of leukocytes, predominantly neutrophils
-- pain, edema, cell injury
Erysipelas of the face Spreading acute inflammation of the dermis and subcutis due to infection by streptococcus pyogenes
Overview of Inflammation
Inflammation is divided into acute and chronic patterns
Acute inflammation is rapid in onset (seconds or minutes) and is of relatively short duration, lasting for minutes, several hours, or a few days; its main characteristics are the exudation of fluid and plasma proteins (edema) and the emigration of leukocytes, predominantly neutrophils
-- pain, edema, cell injury
Erysipelas of the face Spreading acute inflammation of the dermis and subcutis due to infection by streptococcus pyogenes
病理学(英文)全套课件
department of pathology
immunopathology—
the study of disease through analysis of immune function
department of pathology
total of to say, Pathology: • clinical pathology --diagnosis of disease • experimental pathology --animal models • molecular pathology --gene and gene product
department of pathology
Clinical pathology
department of pathology
The animal experiments
department of pathology
Pathology?
is the scientific study of disease
the metabolism the functional the morphological
changes
occur during the course of the disease
Pathology
（第六版教材-第四版课件）
课件目录
Introduction pathology
department of pathology
to
disease?
• disease can be define as any condition • that the presence of an abnormality of the body cause a loss of normal health
immunopathology—
the study of disease through analysis of immune function
department of pathology
total of to say, Pathology: • clinical pathology --diagnosis of disease • experimental pathology --animal models • molecular pathology --gene and gene product
department of pathology
Clinical pathology
department of pathology
The animal experiments
department of pathology
Pathology?
is the scientific study of disease
the metabolism the functional the morphological
changes
occur during the course of the disease
Pathology
（第六版教材-第四版课件）
课件目录
Introduction pathology
department of pathology
to
disease?
• disease can be define as any condition • that the presence of an abnormality of the body cause a loss of normal health
《病理学》英文课件：09 Diseases of Immunity
4. Variant clinical manifestation: Acute or insidious onset that may involve virtually any organ in the body, affects principally the skin, kidneys, serosal membranes, joints, and heart
1. Transplant Rejection 2. Hyperactive immunity：
Diseases of Autoimmunity systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 3. Immunodeficiency: Immunodeficiency syndrom acquired Immunodeficiency syndrom (AIDS)
5. A fairly common disease, a strong (approximately 9 : 1) female preponderance, affecting 1 in 700 women of childbearing age.
Etiology and Pathogenesis
3. Immunologic Factors Intrinsic B-cell hyperactivity was considered a central feature of SLE pathogenesis.
Mostly type III hypersensitivity reaction
Morphology
Diseases of Immunity
（免疫性疾病）
朱荣
Office ：Rm. 207, East No.1 Building E-mail: zhurongss@
1. Transplant Rejection 2. Hyperactive immunity：
Diseases of Autoimmunity systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 3. Immunodeficiency: Immunodeficiency syndrom acquired Immunodeficiency syndrom (AIDS)
5. A fairly common disease, a strong (approximately 9 : 1) female preponderance, affecting 1 in 700 women of childbearing age.
Etiology and Pathogenesis
3. Immunologic Factors Intrinsic B-cell hyperactivity was considered a central feature of SLE pathogenesis.
Mostly type III hypersensitivity reaction
Morphology
Diseases of Immunity
（免疫性疾病）
朱荣
Office ：Rm. 207, East No.1 Building E-mail: zhurongss@
病理学英文课件：Regeneration and Repair
proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis
8-YSC-BLOCK I
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
The Clinic Significance of Regeneration and Repair
Lack of Regeneration and Repair Extra Regeneration and Repair Improper Regeneration and Repair
Complete regeneration Incomplete regeneration
8-YSC-BLOCK I
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
REGENERATION
Control of Cell Growth Molecular events in cell growth Extracellular matrix and Cell-Matrix interactions
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
2. general factors retarding the processes of healing
(1)aging (2)poor nutrition (3)diseases (diabetes) (4)endocrine factors: adrenal corticosteroid hormone inhibits
8-YSC-BLOCK I
Summary briefly
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
1. 5 points for every conception we have learnt today:
Definition Etiology Pathogenesis Morphology Clinic-pathology relationship
8-YSC-BLOCK I
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
The Clinic Significance of Regeneration and Repair
Lack of Regeneration and Repair Extra Regeneration and Repair Improper Regeneration and Repair
Complete regeneration Incomplete regeneration
8-YSC-BLOCK I
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
REGENERATION
Control of Cell Growth Molecular events in cell growth Extracellular matrix and Cell-Matrix interactions
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
2. general factors retarding the processes of healing
(1)aging (2)poor nutrition (3)diseases (diabetes) (4)endocrine factors: adrenal corticosteroid hormone inhibits
8-YSC-BLOCK I
Summary briefly
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
1. 5 points for every conception we have learnt today:
Definition Etiology Pathogenesis Morphology Clinic-pathology relationship
中国医科大学病理学英文课件8
8.腺上皮可形成哪几种类型的恶性肿瘤，并简述各自 的形态特点？
9.试述转移瘤的形成过程及其形态特点？ 10.举例说明为什么说良恶性肿瘤的区别是相对的？
B lymphoma of stomach
8.3 Internal factors and its mechanism
8.3.1 Inherited predisposition to carcinogens 1. Inherited cancer syndrome (Autosomal dominant)
promote normal cell growth and differentiation, exist in normal cells, in the form of inactivity. (2) Oncogene: derived from protooncogene
promote abnormal growth .
1.Telomeres shorting is believed to be a clock that counts cell division, is a tumorsuppressive mechanism.
2.Telomerase: Sustain the function of telomeres Absent from most somatic cell Increased activity of it tumor
Familial retinoblastoma 2. Autosomal recessive syndromes:
Bloom syndrome, fanconi anemia 3. Familial cancer: breast,ovary,colon
8.3.2 Tumor immunity
9.试述转移瘤的形成过程及其形态特点？ 10.举例说明为什么说良恶性肿瘤的区别是相对的？
B lymphoma of stomach
8.3 Internal factors and its mechanism
8.3.1 Inherited predisposition to carcinogens 1. Inherited cancer syndrome (Autosomal dominant)
promote normal cell growth and differentiation, exist in normal cells, in the form of inactivity. (2) Oncogene: derived from protooncogene
promote abnormal growth .
1.Telomeres shorting is believed to be a clock that counts cell division, is a tumorsuppressive mechanism.
2.Telomerase: Sustain the function of telomeres Absent from most somatic cell Increased activity of it tumor
Familial retinoblastoma 2. Autosomal recessive syndromes:
Bloom syndrome, fanconi anemia 3. Familial cancer: breast,ovary,colon
8.3.2 Tumor immunity
中国医科大学病理学英文课件(5)_OK
26
2. factors of affect fracture healing ⑴ correct reposition timely ⑵ firmly fixation timely ⑶ take exercise early, keep local
blood supply well.
27
2.Morphology: (1) Gross: red, soft, granular appearance (2) LM: cap + fibroblast + inflammatory cells
15
Granulation tissue
16
Granulation tissue
17
(二) Functions and results
3
2.Types
(1) Labile cells (continuously dividing C) ① Definition:
continue to proliferate replacing destroyed cells
aged cells
4
② Cell groups:
Stratified squamous cell : epidermis, oral cavity, vagina and cervix
foreign bodies 2. Results: GT→cap↓, cell↓, f↑→FT↑↑→ scar
18
二、Scar （一）Concept
granulation tissue →CT （二）Morphology
Gross：contract, pallor, semitransparent tough less elasticity.
2. factors of affect fracture healing ⑴ correct reposition timely ⑵ firmly fixation timely ⑶ take exercise early, keep local
blood supply well.
27
2.Morphology: (1) Gross: red, soft, granular appearance (2) LM: cap + fibroblast + inflammatory cells
15
Granulation tissue
16
Granulation tissue
17
(二) Functions and results
3
2.Types
(1) Labile cells (continuously dividing C) ① Definition:
continue to proliferate replacing destroyed cells
aged cells
4
② Cell groups:
Stratified squamous cell : epidermis, oral cavity, vagina and cervix
foreign bodies 2. Results: GT→cap↓, cell↓, f↑→FT↑↑→ scar
18
二、Scar （一）Concept
granulation tissue →CT （二）Morphology
Gross：contract, pallor, semitransparent tough less elasticity.
病理学 英文版ppt课件
Reperfusion
Neutrophil activation
ROS
Inflammatory Injury of mediators Micro-vessels
Cell injury
; No-reflow phenome2n5 on
Structural and Functional Changes
? Balloon angioplasty tachycardia
;
9
Mechanisms of Reperfusion Injury
↑Free radicals ↑Ca2+i
Neutrophil activation and Others
;
10
Free radical
Any atom or molecule possessing unpaired electrons
O2
;
Uric acid
14
Endothelial cell
Mechanism 3
Ischemia
Pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines)
Reperfusion
O2
NO
O2-
ONOO-
;
15
(Respiration burst)
Biochemical Impacts of ROS
;
incubation medium4
;
5
Ischemic Injury of Neurons
0 hr
1 hr
6
Injury Windows
Ischemia
Injury Death
Time
Reperfusion
Neutrophil activation
ROS
Inflammatory Injury of mediators Micro-vessels
Cell injury
; No-reflow phenome2n5 on
Structural and Functional Changes
? Balloon angioplasty tachycardia
;
9
Mechanisms of Reperfusion Injury
↑Free radicals ↑Ca2+i
Neutrophil activation and Others
;
10
Free radical
Any atom or molecule possessing unpaired electrons
O2
;
Uric acid
14
Endothelial cell
Mechanism 3
Ischemia
Pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines)
Reperfusion
O2
NO
O2-
ONOO-
;
15
(Respiration burst)
Biochemical Impacts of ROS
;
incubation medium4
;
5
Ischemic Injury of Neurons
0 hr
1 hr
6
Injury Windows
Ischemia
Injury Death
Time
Reperfusion
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2020/5/14
Tumor (neoplasm):
under the stimulation of tumorgenic agents a single cell of local tissue loss the controlling to its growth at the gene level excessive proliferation to form
2020/n5/14eoplasm
Distinguish between neoplastic and non-neoplastic hyperplasia
Neoplastic
Monoclonality Abnormal morphology
and function Abnormal differentiation
But many problems still need to be solved!
2020/5/14
Section 1. Definition and morphology
Two question:
• What is tumor?
Definition
• What are tumors look like? Morphology
differentiation Persistent, autonomous Harmful
2020/5/14
Non-neoplastic
Polyclonality Normal morphology
and function Matured
Limited Beneficial
※Morphology and structure
2020/5/14
※Definition
• Neoplasia literally means the process of “new growth” and a new growth is called a neoplasm.
• tumor was originally applied to the swelling caused by inflammation.
2020/5/14
检查结果
1.左股骨下端X线正位像： 左股骨下端占位病变， 骨皮质破坏,骨膜反应。
2.胸部X线正侧位像： 未见明显异常
2020/5/14
临床诊断：恶性骨肿瘤？ 活检病理诊断：骨肉瘤
2020/5/14
思考题
1.什么是肿瘤？具有哪些特性？ 2.肿瘤有哪些种类、各自特点？ 3.肿瘤生物学行为如何？对机体有何影响
➢Macropathology: The gross appearance of tumors is
varied, reflecting the nature of the tumor to some rapid progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis and biological behavior of cancer and cancer therapy. Many cancers can be cure or arrested. For example: breast cancer, cervical cancer
Chapter 5. Neoplasia
2020/5/14
Xu HT
病例
ＸＸＸ，女，21岁 主诉：近半年左下肢膝关节附近疼痛，活动后
加重，一个月前发现左股骨下端局部隆 起，逐渐长大，疼痛难忍，来诊。 查体：左股骨下端局部肿物，压痛（＋） 处置：1. 左股骨下端X线正侧位像
2. 胸部X线正侧位像 3. 左股骨下端肿物穿刺活检
？ 4.肿瘤的结局如何？ 5.肿瘤是如何发生发展的？如何防治？
2020/5/14
Chapter 5. Neoplasia
Tumors is common diseases. Bad news: Malignant tumor (cancer) is the
second leading cause of death in some countries. (The first leading cause is cardiovascular diseases.) According to American Cancer Society estimates, in 2003, about 23% of all deaths in the United States (1500 cancer deaths per day).
• A more scientific difinition: “Neoplasia is genetic disease, in which the growth of tumors is loss of responsiveness to normal growth control, and shows an excessive hyperplasia with abnormal differentiation.”
• Oncology is the study of tumors or neoplasms.
• Cancer is the common term for all malignant tumors.
2020/5/14
Neoplasia
• In 1953, The eminent British oncologist Willis had given neoplasia a famous definition: “A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change.”
Tumor (neoplasm):
under the stimulation of tumorgenic agents a single cell of local tissue loss the controlling to its growth at the gene level excessive proliferation to form
2020/n5/14eoplasm
Distinguish between neoplastic and non-neoplastic hyperplasia
Neoplastic
Monoclonality Abnormal morphology
and function Abnormal differentiation
But many problems still need to be solved!
2020/5/14
Section 1. Definition and morphology
Two question:
• What is tumor?
Definition
• What are tumors look like? Morphology
differentiation Persistent, autonomous Harmful
2020/5/14
Non-neoplastic
Polyclonality Normal morphology
and function Matured
Limited Beneficial
※Morphology and structure
2020/5/14
※Definition
• Neoplasia literally means the process of “new growth” and a new growth is called a neoplasm.
• tumor was originally applied to the swelling caused by inflammation.
2020/5/14
检查结果
1.左股骨下端X线正位像： 左股骨下端占位病变， 骨皮质破坏,骨膜反应。
2.胸部X线正侧位像： 未见明显异常
2020/5/14
临床诊断：恶性骨肿瘤？ 活检病理诊断：骨肉瘤
2020/5/14
思考题
1.什么是肿瘤？具有哪些特性？ 2.肿瘤有哪些种类、各自特点？ 3.肿瘤生物学行为如何？对机体有何影响
➢Macropathology: The gross appearance of tumors is
varied, reflecting the nature of the tumor to some rapid progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis and biological behavior of cancer and cancer therapy. Many cancers can be cure or arrested. For example: breast cancer, cervical cancer
Chapter 5. Neoplasia
2020/5/14
Xu HT
病例
ＸＸＸ，女，21岁 主诉：近半年左下肢膝关节附近疼痛，活动后
加重，一个月前发现左股骨下端局部隆 起，逐渐长大，疼痛难忍，来诊。 查体：左股骨下端局部肿物，压痛（＋） 处置：1. 左股骨下端X线正侧位像
2. 胸部X线正侧位像 3. 左股骨下端肿物穿刺活检
？ 4.肿瘤的结局如何？ 5.肿瘤是如何发生发展的？如何防治？
2020/5/14
Chapter 5. Neoplasia
Tumors is common diseases. Bad news: Malignant tumor (cancer) is the
second leading cause of death in some countries. (The first leading cause is cardiovascular diseases.) According to American Cancer Society estimates, in 2003, about 23% of all deaths in the United States (1500 cancer deaths per day).
• A more scientific difinition: “Neoplasia is genetic disease, in which the growth of tumors is loss of responsiveness to normal growth control, and shows an excessive hyperplasia with abnormal differentiation.”
• Oncology is the study of tumors or neoplasms.
• Cancer is the common term for all malignant tumors.
2020/5/14
Neoplasia
• In 1953, The eminent British oncologist Willis had given neoplasia a famous definition: “A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change.”