经济学人读译Over the cliff
【导读】财政悬崖面前，美国需要通过达成财务协议来实现“急刹车”America's economy美国经济Over the cliff?跌落悬崖？Barack Obama must do more than avoid an economic abyss. He has a chance to fix America’s finances对奥巴马来说，仅仅避免国家陷入经济深渊并不够；他有机会去整顿美国的财务状况Dec 15th 2012 | from the print editionBEN BERNANKE, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, is not known for his turns of phrase. But “fiscal cliff”—the term he coined to describe the tax increases and spending cuts that will hit America’s economy at the start of 2013 unless politicians agree to avert them—has inspired songs (“The fiscal cliff is a danger zone/It’s where grown men go when budgets are blown,”croons Merle Hazard, a satirical singer) and television comedy (Jon Stewart’s “The Daily Show” calls it “Cliffpocalypsemageddonacaust”).“财政悬崖”是美联储主席本•伯南克所创造的术语，指2013年初美国经济将面临增税和开支削减的打击（除非政界就如何规避达成协议，否则这种打击无可避免）。
伯南克并不以独特辞藻而知名，但“财政悬崖”这个术语给一些词曲作者和银屏谐星带来了灵感——讽刺歌手默尔•哈泽德轻声哼唱：“财政悬崖是一块危险地带/预算猛增时大人们就会去那里”。
而乔恩•斯图尔特在《每日秀》中称财政悬崖为“悬崖末世决战之灾”【注1】。
There have also been more serious consequences. The shadow of the fiscal cliff has depressed corporate investment. American consumer confidence has started to wobble. Growth is slowing,perhaps to as little as 1% in the fourth quarter. Policymakers around the world are fretting: Australia’s central bank has just cut rates, citing the cliff as a worry.还有一些更为严重的后果。
财政悬崖的阴影让公司投资萎靡不振。
美国的消费者信心已经开始动摇。
经济增长正在放缓，第四季度增长率可能仅为1%。
全球的决策者焦虑不安：澳大利亚央行把财政悬崖视为隐忧，日前下调了利率。
These worries are understandable but overblown (see article). In the short term the risk of economic catastrophe is minimal. The real threat—and the real opportunity for Barack Obama—lies in the medium and long term.这种担忧可以理解，但有些过分夸大了（见另文）。
在短期内，经济灾难的风险很小。
真正的威胁在中长期——同时这也是奥巴马真正的机遇所在。
The long and the short of it个中要点【注2】If lawmakers do nothing, America faces fiscal tightening in 2013 worth up to 5% of GDP. That is a Greek-scale squeeze. It would not take many months for it to push the country into recession. A complete stand-off between Mr Obama and Congress would lead to disaster even sooner, for unless America’s lawmakers vote to increase the “debt ceiling” (the maximum amount of debt that the Treasury can issue) by around March, the federal government will be unable to pay its bills—including, potentially, its bondholders. The damage from a self-induced default would dwarf even that from the fiscal cliff.如果立法者无所作为，2013年美国将面临高达GDP 5%的财政紧缩（与希腊的规模持平）。
这种紧缩用不了几个月就会让国家陷入衰退。
假如奥巴马和国会之间完全处于僵局，这场灾难将来得更快——因为除非美国立法者投票在明年三月前后提高“债务上限”（财政部所能发放债务的最大限额），否则联邦政府将无力负担其开支，还可能无力向持券人支付利得。
在自身违约所带来的危害面前，即使是财政悬崖的负面影响都相形见绌。
However, precisely because the consequences of prolonged stalemate would be so disastrous, there almost certainly will not be one. Either towards the end of December, or early in 2013, MrObama and the Republicans in Congress are likely to reach an agreement that avoids most of the tax increases and spending cuts, and raises the debt ceiling. Elements of that deal are becoming a little clearer: the Republicans seem to have given in to Mr Obama and accepted that wealthier Americans will have to pay more tax, probably through both limited deductions and higher tax rates.然而，然而，恰恰是因为长期僵持会带来如此严重的后果，所以这样的局面基本上绝不会发生。
在今年十二月底前，或者是在2013年早些时候，奥巴马和国会里的共和党人有可能就避免大多数增税和开支削减达成协议，并提高债务上限。
这项协议的要点渐渐变得明朗一些了：共和党人似乎已经在奥巴马面前做出了让步，同意国家向富人增税（可能通过同时限制税金扣除并提高税率来实现）。
But there are still two big reasons for America—and the rest of the world—to worry. First, depending on the details of the deal, there could still be too great a fiscal squeeze in 2013. Second, and more important, entitlement spending is America’s biggest long-term fiscal challenge. Any fiscal deal must reform Social Security (pensions), Medicare (for the old) and Medicaid (for the poor). Mr Obama has been demanding tax increases of $1.6 trillion over the next ten years, but has offered entitlement cuts of only some $400billion. He needs to increase the latter, to entice the Republicans into a deal and because it is the right thing to do.但美国和世界上其他国家仍然不能掉以轻心——有两大原因。
其一，2013年仍然可能有一次规模过大的财政紧缩，这将取决于协议的各项细节。
其二，也更为重要的是，美国所面临的最大长期财政挑战在于福利开支。
不管达成何种财政协议，都必须对社会保障（养老金）、（老年人的）医疗保险和（穷人的）医疗补助进行改革。
奥巴马一直要求在接下来的十年内进行16000亿美元的增税，但只同意削减大约4000亿美元的福利开支。
他需要加大福利开支削减力度，来诱使共和党人达成协议。
况且，这么做也是正确的选择。
America has a chance to straighten out not just its finances, but also the highly polarised politics that underpin them. Republicans believe passionately that higher taxes will wreck the economy; no Republican in Congress has voted for higher income taxes since 1990. Democrats believe equally passionately in the sanctity of health-care and pension schemes for the old. The last time pensions were overhauled was in 1983. Since then politicians have added handouts even as medical costs have soared and the population has aged. The result is a gaping, and growing, fiscal hole. America’s underlying “structural” budget deficit is almost 7% of GDP. Amongrich countries, only Japan’s is bigger.美国不仅有机会整顿国家财务，还有机会去整顿为国家财务打下基础的、高度两极分化的政坛。
经济学人读译中非关系Not as bad as they say
Chinese-African attitudes中非关系Not as bad as they say没他们说的那么坏Zambians—and other Africans—know they must get along with the Chinese赞比亚人和其他非洲人都知道要和中国好好相处“WE WANT the Chinese to leave and the old colonial rulers to return,” said the populist Michael Sata. “They exploited our natural resources too, but at least they took good care of us. They built schools, taught us their language and brought us the British civilisation…at least Western capitalism has a human face; the Chinese are only out to exploit us.”公民主义者迈克尔塞塔说：“我们要求中国人离开，让旧殖民者回来。
西方人也掠夺我们的自然资源，但起码他们把我们照顾的好好的。
他们兴建学校，教授他们的语言给我们并带给我们英国文明.西方资本主义殖民者至少还做做样子，而中国人只是在一味的掠夺我们。
”But that was in 2007, when Mr Sata, as leader of the Patriotic Front, then Zambia’s main opposition party, was eager to tap into growing resentment against Chinese investors in thecopper-rich former British colony. He accused them of paying slave wages, of flouting basic safety and environmental standards, and of corrupting African leaders across the continent with their multi-billion dollar “no-strings-attached”deals. China threatened to break off relations with Zambia should Mr Sata ever be elected.但那是在2007年的时候，当时塞塔是赞比亚最大的反对党“爱国前线”的领袖，他迫不及待地利用群众对在铜矿丰富的前英国殖民地中国投资者的仇恨情绪。
英语学习_（6-10）《经济学人》中英对照_必备
英语学习_（6-10）《经济学⼈》中英对照_必备弃我去者，昨⽇之⽇不可留乱我⼼者，今⽇之⽇多烦忧TEXT 6Travelling with baggage背着⾏囊去旅⾏Feb 16th 2006From The Economist print edition（1）FEW modern travel writers excite more hostility and awe than Sir ★Wilfred Thesiger[1], who died in 2003. Despising the “drab uniformity of the modern world”, Sir Wilfred ★slogged across [2] Africa and Asia, especially Arabia, on animals and on foot, immersing himself in tribal societies. He delighted in killing—lions in Sudan in the years before the second world war, Germans and Italians during it. He disliked “soft”living and “★intrusive[3]”women and revered murderous savages, to whom he gave guns. He thought educating the working classes a waste of good servants. He kicked his dog. His journeys were more notable as feats of ★masochistic[4] endurance than as exploration. Yet his first two books, “Arabian Sands”, about his crossing of the Empty Quarter, and “The Marsh Arabs”, about southern Iraq, have a ★terse[5] brilliance about them. As records of ancient cultures on the ★cusp[6] of ★oblivion[7], they are unrivalled.现代游记作家鲜有⼈能⽐2003年去世的威福瑞?塞西格爵⼠更令⼈敬畏。
经济学人读译Generation five 第五代电影人
Chinese cinema 中国电影业Generation five 第五代电影人Jun 16th 2005 | from the print editionIN 1978, something remarkable happened in Chinese cinema: the Beijing Film Academy, China's national film school, reopened for the first time after it was closed during the Cultural Revolution. Four years later, in 1982, 153 students graduated and were labelled the “fifth generation” of film-makers to emerge since the birth of Chinese cinema. They were the first to see what the rest of the film world was doing. The innovations of Michelangelo Antonioni and Akira Kurosawa encouraged these Chinese fledglings to experiment in ways long absent from the stolid Chinese movies favoured by Madame Mao. 1978年，中国的电影业发生了一件惊天动地的大事：作为国家电影学院的北京电影学院在经历了文革期间的关闭后重新开始招生。
四年后，即1982年，153名学生毕业，他们被称为中国电影业诞生以来“第五代”电影制作人，同时也是中国首批关注世界其他国家电影界的人。
Unit5英国女王的去世标志着一个时代的结束
Unit 1：The death of Elizabeth II marks the end of an era 1英国女王的去世标志着一个时代的结束文章来源：The Economist 《经济学人》2022.9.8 题材：英国女王伊丽莎白二世逝世 【文章导读】摘要：It deprives Britain of a thread that wove the nation together, and linked it to its past. 英国去世了，英国失去了一根将自己与过去联系在一起的纽带。
句式及词组：1. marks the end of 标志着……的结束 【例】The announcement marks the end of an extraordinary period in European history.（柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典） 声明标志着欧洲历史上一个伟大时代的终结。
1Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during her lifetime and 15 at the time of her death. Her reign of 70 years and 214 days is the longest of any British monarch, the longest recorded of any female head of state in history, and the second -longest verified reign of any sovereign in history.（摘自Wikipedia ）Unit 5 人与社会英国女王的去世标志着一个时代的结束The death of Elizabeth II marks the end of an era2022年9月8日，英国伊丽莎白女王在苏格兰巴尔莫勒尔城堡“安详地去世”，享年 96岁。
外刊每日精读 Heavy lies the crown
外刊每日精读 | Heavy lies the crown文章脉络【1】美元的主导地位再次引发怀疑【2】引发怀疑的原因【3】美元的地位仍不可撼动【4】&【5】美元的巨大优势【6】越来越多西方公司以人民币为结算方式【7】多极货币体系或许不稳定经济学人原文Reserve currencies：Heavy lies the crownThe dollar’s dominance is not under threat today. But there are limits to the greenbac k’s power【1】Every so often an appetite surges for an alternative reserve currency to the dollar—and a market booms in predictions of the greenback’s imminent demise. For nearly three-quarters of a century the dollar has at a global scale dominated trade, finance and the rainy-day reserve portfolios of central banks. Yethigh inflation, fractious geopolitics and the sanctions imposed by America and its allies on countries such as Russia have lately caused dollar-doubters to become vocal once again.【2】Often these episodes are fuelled by a world leader’s spasm of anger towards the dollar. In 1965Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, then France’s financeminister, raged against the “exorbitant privilege” the greenback conferred on America. This time it was Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Brazil’s president, who on a recent visit to China called for emerging markets to trade using their own currencies. At the same time, a surging gold price and a fall in the dollar’s share of global reserves has roused other doubters, who can also point to this month’s admission by Janet Yellen, America’s treasurysecretary, that over timeusing sanctions“could undermine the hegemony” of the currency. It does not help that America could soon face a fiscal crisis if Congress fails to raise the ceiling that limits how much the government can borrow.【3】Yet the doubters’excitement has become detached from reality.The greenback exerts an almighty gravitational pull on the world economy that has not materially weakened—even if America has recently found that there arereal obstacles to exploiting its currency’s pre-eminence.【4】The starting advantage of the dollar is immense. Between a third and a half of global trade is invoiced in dollars, a share that has been relatively stable over the long term. It is involved in nearly 90% of foreign-exchange transactions; such isthe liquidity of the greenback that if you want to swap euros for Swiss francs, it can be cheaper to trade via dollars than to do so directly. About half of cross-border debtis dollar-denominated. And although the dollar’s share of central-bank reserves has fallen over the long term, it still accounts for about 60% of them. There is no sign ofa dramatic recent change, save that which has been caused mechanically by central banks revaluing their portfolios to take account of exchange-rate movements and higher interest rates in America.【5】No other currency is close to matching this ecosystem’s size, orits fundamental appeal: the supply of safe assets available to dollar investors. The euro zone is fragile and its sovereign-debt market is mostly fragmented between its member states. China cannot possibly satisfy global demand for safe assets so longas it both tightly controls flows of capital and runs current-account surpluses (meaning it is, on net, accumulating financial claims on the rest of the world rather than vice versa). And the dollar, as the dominant currency, benefits from network effects. People want to use the currency everyone else is using.【6】What is increasingly clear, though, is that individual countriescan circumvent the dominant system if they really want to. Though Russia’s war economy has been wounded by sanctions, it has not been crippled, in part because 16% of its exports are now paid for in yuan, up from almost none beforeit invaded Ukraine.【7】China’s alternative to the SWIFT interbank-messaging system has been growing rapidly. It has also been switching more of its bilateral trade towards settlement in renminbi—an easier task than replacing the dollar intrade flows between other countries. Even many firms in the West now use renminbifor trade with China. New digital-payments technologies and central-bankdigital currencies could yet make it easier to move money around the world without involving America.【8】Balance of powerMoreover, Ms Yellen is right that using the dollar to push countries around is no wayto make or keep friends. America has not placed secondary sanctions on countrieslike India which still trade with Russia, because it fears the backlash that would result. Although a shift to a multipolar system of currencies is not imminent, itcould occur later this century as America’s share of the world economy shrinks. Sucha system would be inherently less stable than one centred on the dollar—so it would be in the interests of neither America nor the world to hasten the shift.长难句：1.原文：Yet high inflation, fractious geopolitics and the sanctions imposed by America and its allies on countries such as Russia have lately caused dollar-doubters to become vocal once again.2.分析：本句的结构是主谓宾，主语是high inflation, fractious geopolitics and the sanctions，谓语是 have lately caused ，宾语是dollar-doubters ；to become vocal once again是宾补。
大学英语四级强化智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下哈尔滨理工大学
大学英语四级强化智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下哈尔滨理工大学哈尔滨理工大学第一章测试1.《卫报》(The Guardian)是（）的全国性综合内容日报。
答案:英国2.《新闻周刊》是（）时政杂志中因评论优秀而获得荣誉最多的周刊。
答案:美国3.《大西洋月刊》是（）最受尊敬的杂志之一。
答案:美国4.着重财经新闻报道的是（）。
答案:《华尔街日报》5.被称为“灰色女士”(The Gray Lady)的是（）。
答案:《纽约时报》6.大学英语四级笔试每年的考试时间是六月和十二月。
（）答案:对7.大学英语四级考试听力部分包括短对话。
（）答案:错8.《经济学人》是一份，由纽约经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志。
（）答案:错9.《洛杉矶时报》（Los Angles Times）是美国西部最大的对开日报。
（）答案:对10.《华盛顿邮报》(The Washington Post)，是美国华盛顿最大、最老的报纸。
（）答案:对第二章测试1.If the physical, psychological and environmental demands on workers （）their capabilities, hazards arise.答案:exceed2.If you don’t （） what may happen, you will find yourself at a loss whensomething crops up.答案:anticipate3.But a new study suggest s that constant instant messaging (IM’ing) andtexting among teens may also provide benefits, particularly for those who are （）.答案:introverted4.Emailing the neuroscientist and memory researcher Jim McGaugh one day,she （） that she could recall every day of her life since the age of 12.答案:claimed5.The program will offer patients several bags of food （） for their condition,along with intensive training in how to cook it.答案:prescribed6.Elaborate既是形容词也是动词。
从目的论视角下看《经济学人》汉译策略
从目的论视角下看《经济学人》汉译策略《经济学人》是一本享誉国际的知名英文经济杂志，其内容涉及全球政治、经济、商业和文化等多个领域，深受广大读者的喜爱和追捧。
随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，对外交流日益频繁，人们对《经济学人》的汉译版也越来越感兴趣。
在这种背景下，本文将从目的论的视角出发，探讨《经济学人》汉译的策略，分析其翻译过程中的目的和策略。
我们需要了解《经济学人》汉译的目的是什么。
众所周知，汉译《经济学人》的最终目的是让更多的中国读者了解和关注国际政治、经济和文化等方面的信息，从而提高他们对全球事务的认识和理解。
汉译的目的是向中国读者传递《经济学人》的原汁原味，让他们获得与英文读者同样的信息和体验。
基于这一目的，对《经济学人》的汉译策略应该是尽可能忠实地保留原文内容和风格，确保读者能够获得一致的阅读体验。
受限于中英两种语言的差异以及不同文化背景的影响，汉译过程中还需要采取一些策略来确保译文的准确性和流畅度。
针对英文原文特点和翻译难点，我们可以分析汉译的一些具体策略。
首先是词汇和表达的选择。
英文语言的表达方式与汉语有着明显的差异，因此在翻译过程中需要有选择地采用相应的词汇和表达方式，以确保译文的自然流畅。
其次是句式和语法的转换。
英文句式和语法通常较为简洁，而汉语句式多样，因此在翻译时需要对句式和语法进行相应的转换，以使译文符合汉语的表达习惯和逻辑结构。
由于《经济学人》的内容涉及多个领域，包括政治、经济、文化等，涉及的专业名词和术语也较为复杂和丰富。
在翻译这些专业名词和术语时，需要采取一定的翻译策略，包括音译、意译和注释等，以确保译文的准确性和专业性。
《经济学人》通常还涉及一些严肃的社会议题和时事评论，因此翻译过程中还需要考虑如何忠实传达原文的语气和语调，以确保译文能够传达出原文的态度和情感。
基于目的论的视角下，《经济学人》的汉译策略应该是忠实保留原文内容和风格的灵活运用各种翻译策略，以确保译文的准确性、流畅度和适应性。
《经济学人》ECO名人-人就一辈子100篇(中英版)41-50
TEXT 41The bane of Italy祸起意大利（陈继龙编译）Jun 29th 2006From The Economist print editionALEXANDER STILLE'S new book on Silvio Berlusconi, the flamboyant[1] former I talian prime minister, is neither a b________① nor a work of investigative journalism. Its real value is that it represents the firstattempt,in English at least, to recount in a readable fashion the story, not of Mr Berlusconi himself, but ofBerlusconi-ism.（1）That gives it a wide appeal, for, as its author argues persuasively, Berlusconi-ism is the extrapolation[2] to grotesque[3] extremes of a phenomenon that has gradually, and all too imperceptibly, become widespread.亚历山大·斯蒂莱的新作写的是个性张扬的意大利前任总理西尔维奥·贝鲁斯科尼，但它并非是一本传记，也不是新闻调查作品。
其真正的价值在于，它首次尝试以一种可读性较强的风格，记述了“贝鲁斯科尼主义”而不是贝鲁斯科尼的生平。
这也是本书独具魅力之所在，因为诚如作者很有说服力地论证的那样，“贝鲁斯科尼主义”是对某种现象怪诞至极时的推论，这种现象日趋普遍而所有人却都浑然不觉。
功能对等理论视角下财经新闻英汉翻译研究——以《经济学人》为例
功能对等理论视角下财经新闻英汉翻译研究——以《经济学人》为例一、引言当今世界，经济全球化不断深入，各国在政治、经济等领域交流日益密切，了解国际市场、掌握国际经济形势成为广大群众一大诉求，因此英语财经类新闻的翻译显得尤为重要。
《经济学人》作为一本财经类杂志，具有较高的国际知名度，其新闻报道兼具权威性与实效性，该杂志的准确翻译可成为了解国际金融信息的高质量渠道之一。
奈达的功能对等理论强调信息的准确传递和强调读者反应，即在准确传递信息的基础上，原文读者与译文读者应有一致的阅读体验。
文章以功能对等理论为基础，试图探讨财经类新闻在翻译中如何实现原文与译文读者取得一致的阅读体验。
二、功能对等理论动态对等的概念是尤金•奈达于20 世纪60 年代在《翻译科学探索》一书中提出的。
动态对等指出，译者不能仅仅关注源语与目的语间的对应关系，而该关注一种动态的关系，即目的语读者和目的语信息间的关系应与源语读者和源语信息间的关系保持一致[1]。
后来，为避免公众对“动态”一词的误解，在《从一种语言到另一种语言》一书中，奈达将动态对等替换为功能对等，进一步完善了理论内容[2]。
功能对等理论强调读者反应，即目的语读者对译文的阅读反应需与源语读者对源语的阅读反应保持基本一致，这就要求译文与原文在功能上达到最贴近的对等。
然而，在翻译实践中译者不可避免地会遇到无法跨越的障碍，例如源语中的文化表述、语言形式等很难再现，根据功能对等理论，这时应首先保证信息的准确传递，即最自然的对等。
可见，功能对等理论的两大核心即是信息的准确传递与读者反应[3]。
国内对功能对等理论的研究与应用涉及广泛，包括新闻、广告、文学、影视字幕等诸多翻译领域。
而新闻具有面向大众、真实准确、及时简明的特点，因此新闻翻译应具有更高的可读性与交际性。
财经类新闻同时具有专业性与民生性，二者的对立统一关系需要译者在翻译中更需要坚持功能对等，以最大限度让目的语读者获得与源语读者相同的阅读体验。
经济学人读译Fulfilling-promises-养老金：兑现承诺
导读】中国经济进一步发展，其人口老龄化程度也越来越深。
中国社保制度应当如何解决老年人的养老金问题呢？Pensions养老金Fulfilling promises兑现承诺China is beginning to face up to its pension problems中国开始直面养老金难题Aug 11th 2012 | HEIJINGYING | from the print editionIN THIS village in the cornfields outside Beijing, a 74-year-old woman whiles away the time in the forecourt of a local eatery, chatting to the owner stacking chairs around her. She can enjoy an unhurried retirement thanks to the money her daughter sends, the monthly pension her husband collects from his former employer, and, in the past few years, a small pension, now worth 275 yuan ($44) a month, from the Beijing municipal government.北京城外这座村庄的麦田旁，在当地餐馆前的空地上，有一位74岁的老妇人和身边正在堆放椅子的店主闲谈，借此消磨时间。
她能享受退休后的悠闲生活，多亏了她女儿寄来的钱和她丈夫从以前老板那里按月领取的退休金。
在刚过去的几年里，还多亏了北京市政府发放的一小笔养老金，如今为每月275元（合44美元）。
Public pensions are fairly new to China’s countryside. Security in old age used to mean the family farming plot, not a pension pot. But by the end of last year 326m rural residents had been enrolled in a public pension, according to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. That is an increase of over 240m since 2009, when China rolled out a new rural programme, based on pilot schemes in places like Heijingying. This wave of rural Chinese joins nearly 300m city dwellers enrolled in a variety of urban pensions. Add them all up, and China’s social-security system is now “basically” in place, the National Audit Office (NAO) has just said.公共养老金对中国农村来说还是相当新鲜的概念。