Grammar.动词不定式

7. Tom kept quiet about the accident＿＿lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 8. John was made ____the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 9. The patient was warned ___oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
8. 与疑问词等连用
三. 用法/ 功能
(1). 主语
To see is to believe. It’s important for us to learn English well. It is kind of you to help me. •单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数 •若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.
(7).独立结构
To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.
类似的结构
•to be frank, to be exact, •to be honest,to begin with
(8)不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、 表语、宾语等。
2. My job is to help the patients. 3. All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly. 如果主语部分有实义动词do的任何形式，用作 表语的不定式可省略to
I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again. think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do
eg: Would you like to be a teacher? I’d like to be.
warn, tell, allow, ask, force等
(4). 宾补
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help. watch let 三使 make 四看 see look at have observe/ notice listen to
(3) 宾语
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan.
不定式用在介词but, except, besides 后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的 各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.
4.I find these problems are easy___. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out 5.I would love ___to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone 6.____late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm. A . To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D . Having slept
当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及 形容词最高级修饰时,常用动词不定式做定语。 eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
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•不定式作定语时，作后置定语
I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。 We all have a chance to go to college.
我们都有上大学的机会。
Do you have a letter to send? 你有信要寄吗？ Do you have a letter to be sent? 你有信要我寄吗？ 不定式作定语时，一般表将来
(6) 作状语
1. 表示目的: to / in order to / so as to eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.
2. 表示原因 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。
eg: I’m glad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.
10. It’s said that the Olympic Games ____ in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding 11. Will you please tell me why you had no pen ____ in class, Kate? A. to have written B. to be written with C. to have been written D. to write with
to be done
----------
完成进行式
to have been to have done done to have been ---------doing
(1).I am sorry to hear that. I plan to attend the meeting to be held tommorrow.
He didn’t know what to say.他不知道说什么。
(宾语)
How to solve the problem is very important.
如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语) My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时 候开始。(表语)
1. Last summer I took a course on____. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _____ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. There are five pairs____, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing
(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词.)
请给我一支写字的笔. Please give me a pen to write with.
如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需加适当的介词 on Please pass me some paper to write____. with She has a nice pen to write _____. in He bought a flat for the family to live ____.
(2). 表语
My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom.
作表语
不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语． 1. Seeing is to believe. × To see is believing. × Seeing is believing. √ To see is to believe. √
(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go. (3).What do you like to do besides sleep.
•关于不定式中的小品词to
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词,但to不能省. eg: Would you like to go with me? I’d like to. 如果不定式是to be结构, be不可省.
不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是 “not/never to do”, 不定式可以作主语、宾语 、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。