研究生英语期末考试模拟试题（学生版）（1）
最新大学考试复习资料-研究生英语学位考试模拟题一
研究生英语学位考试模拟试卷(一)II. Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.16. The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was or even where it came from.a frighteningb generalc loud d indistinct17. The clerk had to break off the conversation in order to await on a customer.a interruptb hurryc continued begin18. The new tax law is explicit; that type of certificate is tax exempt.a definiteb deficientc harshd imprecise19.Most high school students look up to the star player on the football team.a envyb respectc trustd pursue20. His winning the award was the highest attainment of his career.a desireb spectaclec achievementd joy21. He was able to mend the cup and saucer.a washb repairc decorated mold22. It is ridiculous to become angry with such an insignificant matter.a sinfulb tragicc absurd d unpardonable23. The crowd swelled until the noise made could be heard for miles.a shoutedb cheeredc grewd scattered24. The flowers will wither in a few hours.a blossomb dry upc opend revive25. The automobile's exhaust system gave off foul smelling fumes.a attractedb neutralizedc emitted d condensedSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. Unless all staff members agree to _____ to the plan, there may be further changes in the course of action.a inferb preferc adhered assure27. It is hard to reconcile his splendid speech _____ his actual behavior.a tob withc ond from28. Advertisements may arouse a strong wish for something; how the need is filled will probably be ______ theindividual.a on tob up toc as tod down to29. ______ I like very much to do science, as a teacher I have to go over the students' papers and theses.a As far asb So farc Much asd In so far as30. We all argued with him not to sign the contract with that company, but _____.a to no purposeb to good purposec on the spotd in good shape31. Plato's teachings had a profound _____ on Aristotle.a effectb affectc affectationd take32. The professor tried to _____ interest in archaeology by taking his students on expedition.a encourageb stimulatec diminishd take33. He is among those lucky Chinese students who have won_____ to first -rate U.S. universities.a permissionb professionc admittanced admission34. Probability is the mathematical study of the_____ of an event's occurrence.a likelihoodb desirabilityc predictabilityd malleability35. Under the director-responsibility system, the party secretary's task is to fully support the director in his work and ______ the Party's policies are observed and State quota met.a to see tob see to itc see to it thatd to see to itIII. Close Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.A democratic country is obliged to give some thought to the question of who is allowed to vote. In Britain, the ..36.. is extended to all people over the age of twenty-one with some exceptions. ..37.. attaining this age, men and women acquire all kinds of responsibilities from ..38.. younger people are free. In times of National Emergency, however, the ..39.. age at which a young man may be called ..40.. to bear arms is eighteen. ..41.. it should not be surprising that some people argue that if a young man is old enough to die for his country, he is old enough to have a voice in his ..42.. . At first sight, this argument may appear formidable. Before we demand that changes ..43.. in the existing law, however, we must ask ourselves whether we ..44.. have not fallen victims of a logical fallacy. What qualities are needed in a soldier? He must, ..45.., be physically fit, some branches of the service will make intensive ..46.. upon his agility and powers of physical endurance. He should be courageous, resourceful and alert. he should understand and ..47.. discipline and be ..48.., on occasion, to obey an order not because he understands or approves of it, but because it is order. What qualities, on the other hand, must we at least hope to find in a voter?最新大学考试必备复习资料The ability to reason must be placed high on the list. If a man is easily taken ..49.. by emotional traps, he will not be able to make ..50..judgments. His experience of life must surely be fairly extensive before we can place such power in his hands.36. a privilege b ability c chance d duty37. a On b Before c After d At38. a those b them c which d that39. a best b maximum c minimum d possible40. a up b upon c in d out41.a However b Moreover c Nevertheless d Therefore42.a business b affairs c matters d things43. a should make b are made c will be made d be made44. a must b can c may d ought to45.a obviously b apparently c seemingly d matter-of-fact46.a requirements b expectations c commands d demands47.a approve of b take c receive d accept48.a willing b ready c likely d easy49.a after b over c in d up50.a sensitive b sensible c sentimental d sensationalIV. Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)Direction: In this part of the test, there are five short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on y Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1The struggle for health and safety standards for industrial workers has produced an interesting and some what unexpected controversy; some workers do not want obligatory protection, particularly if it means that they will not be allowed to do certain kinds of jobs. For example, a number of industries are refusing to let women work in certain areas because of possible danger of their children they should become pregnant. Many women feel that this is discriminatory and that they should be allowed to decide for themselves if a particular job poses a risk. They argue, in particular, that such regulations are unfair because (1) many of the women workers, whether single or married, do not intend to have children, and (2) many are beyond childbearing age. Management spokesmen, on the other hand, say that they do not want to be responsible for the possible impairment of a child and that they will fight to comply with the health and safety standards which have been recommended for the protection of women.51. A controversy has arisen because of rules _____.a for scientists to deal with Health Protectionb that astronauts must find new materials to work withc about where women can workd concerning families that work52. Many women think obligatory protection ______.a is discriminatory towards themb causes a risk to unborn childrenc is hazardous to their healthd won't make a difference to them53. Taking health and safety precautions is _______.a up to the workersb the responsibility of managementc the women's' problemd mostly not needed54. Some industries refuse to let women work in certain area ____.a because they could make too much moneyb so they won't be injuredc so their families won't have problemsd because of possible danger to an unborn childPassage 2We knew Sylvia and Jack had had problems with their flat, but he had not been told the details. Not until they came for a weekend in September. At dinner on the Friday evening, Kitty said, "You wrote that the flat wasn't quite what you expected. We imagined the worst, like horrid neighbors or rising damp. Of course, it could be just too small. You're sharing with another couple, aren't you?" "We're sharing, Mother," Slvia replied. "It really wasn't necessary," Jack explained proudly. "I've had a substantial rise, and we can easily manage. It's much better to be independent." "Oh ," I agreed. "What was the trouble?" Kitty asked, impatient and unwilling to let go. "Nothing much," Sylvia said. "The flat's fine. It was the other couple, Sally and Tom Ford. You've never seen such an untidy pair. We shared the sitting-room and the kitchen and the bathroom and got fed up with the mess of it all." "And what make it worse," Jack put in, "was that they accused us of the same sort of thing. Tom and I nearly came to blows when he locked up some of their wedding presents we were all using, as they used ours, naturally." "You take a chance when you make a sharing arrangement," Kitty said, "unless you've known the other people a along time. Were they always disorganized like that, or did it start suddenly? Something might have upset the girl." "I knew h for thee s at college, Mother. She seemed all right then, I had the shock of my life when I saw how she and Tom lived." "I never realized you were so particular, my dear," Kitty said with a smile. "I am, in my own flat," Sylvia said. "Sally and Tom left a month ago." "We could he left instead," Jack said. "But why should we? After all, the flat was in our names, not theirs. We were glad to see the back of them."55. What did Kitty hope to do the weekend in September?a Look for a large flat for Sylvia.b Get to know the neighbors better.c Find out what went wrong in Sylvia's flat.d Do something to cure the dampness of Sylvia's flat.56. When Sylvia said they "were sharing" (Para. 3), she meant that _____.a they had never agreed about sharingb They had shared and were still sharingc they intended to share in the futured They were no longer sharing57. Jack was pleased to announce that _______.a he was now earning a higher salaryb they would soon move to a much better flatc they rent of the flat had just been reducedd they had paid off all their debts58. According to Sylvia, what was wrong with the other couple?a They were nervous and over-anxious to please.b They caused a lot of trouble over nothing.c They were too disorderly to live with.最新大学考试必备复习资料d They were falsely accused of being dirty.59. When Tom locked up the presents, ______.a Jack smashed some of the thingsb he and Jack almost started to fightc he took a few that belonged to Sylvia and Jackd Jack decided to break the lock60. What was Jack's opinion about leaving the flat?a He would have given it up, but Sylvia disagreed.b He thought they would have to clean it up before leaving.c He wanted to live there but did not have an agreement.d He was not willing to give it up.Passage 3As everyone knows, words constantly take on new meanings. Since these do not necessarily, nor even usually, take the place of the old ones, we should picture this process as the analogy of a tree throwing out new branches which themselves throw out subordinate branches. The new branches sometimes overshadow and kill the old ones but by no means always. We shall again and again find the earliest senses of a word flourishing for centuries despite a vast overgrowth of later senses which might be expected to kill them.When a word has several meanings, historical circumstances often make one of them dominant during a particular period. Thus "station" is now more likely to mean a railway-station than anything else; "speculation" more likely to bear its financial sense than any other. Until this century "plane" had as its dominant meaning "a flat surface" or "a carpenter's tool to make a surface smooth", but the meaning "an airplane" is dominant now. The dominant sense of a word lies uppermost in our minds. Whenever we meet the word, our natural impulse is to give it that sense. We are often deceived. In an old author the word many mean something different.One of my aims is to make the reading of old books easy as far as certain words are concerned. If we read an old poem with insufficient regard for the change of the dictionary meanings of words we won't be able to understand the poem the old author intended. And to avoid this, knowledge is necessary. We see good words or good senses of words losing their edge or more rarely getting a new edge that serves some different purpose. "Verbicide, "the murder of a word, happens in many ways. Inflation is the commonest: those who taught us to say "awfully" for "very", "tremendous" for "great", and "unthinkable" for "undesirable" were verbicides. I should be glad if I sent any reader away with a sense of responsibility to the language. It is unnecessary to think we can do nothing about it. Our conversation will have little effect, but if we get into print perhaps especially if we are leader-writers or reporters -- we can help to strengthen or weaken some disastrous words, can encourage a good and resist a bad Americanism. For many things the press prints today will be taken up by a great mass of people in few years.61. In the first paragraph author believes _____.a only old words take on new meaningsb a tree throws out new branches as the words pick up new meanings.c works obtain new meanings from time to time.d it is possible for the old words to lose their old senses62. By mentioning the tree throwing out new branches, the author hopes to ____.a stress the natural phenomenab picture the process of growth of new branchesc explain what the analogy isd illustrate his view in a clearer way63. In the author's opinion, the earliest senses of a word _______.a are always overshadowed and discarded by the later sensesb still thrived for several hundred years in spite of an overgrowth of later sensesc might be expected to be killed soond would overgrow the later senses64. The dominant meaning of a word is often determined by ______.a historical circumstancesb a particular periodc our mindsd our natural impulse65. We are often cheated by some words because ______.a their dominant meanings have not been determinedb sometimes they mean something different from their dominant meaningsc our natural impulse makes a mistaked the dominant sense of a word is not accurate in our minds66. In the author's view, if someone taught us to say "awfully" for "very" _______.a we were advised not to accept itb we were getting a new edge for different purposec we saw an example of a good word being misusedd we saw a word serving for different purpose67. In the last paragraph, the author thinks that ______.a we can do nothing about it unless we get into printb we should take responsibility to the language if necessaryc our conversation has little effect on the situation because we haven't got into printd a great mass of people will accept what the press prints so that we can encourage good and resist the badPassage 4If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 per cent of the people were county inhabitants who drew their livelihood from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. An air photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by surfaced roads and separated by expanses of forest of swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed more than 10,000 persons. A second picture. Taken in the mid-fourteenth century would show that the villages had grown, more numerous, and also more widespread, for Europeans had pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. There would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would reveal that little further expansion had taken place during hundred years. Any attempt to describe the countryside during those centuries is prevented by two difficulties. In the first place we have to examine the greater part of Europe's 3,750,000 square miles, and not merely the Mediterranean lands. In the second place the inhabitants of that wide expanse refuse to fit into our standard pattern or to stand still. In 1450, most Europeans probably lived in villages, but some regions were so hilly, lacking in good soil, or heavily timbered that villages could not keep going, and settlement was that of solitary herdsmen or shepherds. Some areas had better access to market than others and were therefore more involved in commercial agriculture than in farming. Large landowners were more likely than small landlords to run their estates and especially their domains more systematically -- and also to keep those records from which we learn most of what we know about the subject. Some areas had never been quite feudalized; their farmers were more free from最新大学考试必备复习资料lordship and even from landlordship. Some regions had been recently settled, and their tenants had been offered liberal terms of tenure in order to lure them into the wilderness. Finally, there was a time element; the expansion and prosperity that characterized the period from the twelfth to the fifteenth century produced or maintained conditions which were unsuitable to the stormier days preceding or the lean ones following it.68. By 1350, as compared with three hundred years earlier, Europeans had, according to the passage, _______ .a made several geographical discoveriesb cut down more trees and expanded the farmingc made their territory largerd dug more canals to water the land69. Expansion in Europe between 1350 and 1450 ______.a was less than in the three hundred years up to 1350.b was considerablec continued at roughly the same rate as befored was more than that from 1000 to 135070. It is difficult to describe the countryside during the period under consideration, because the inhabitants _______.a often did not fit the conformity of their societyb sometimes changed their system of lifec move around too much to study properlyd left no documents71. The owners of large estates tended to _____.a leave their land and settle into he townb treat their tenants badlyc write down information about their landsd work on the land by themselves72. Some landlords make agreements comparatively favorable to farmers because they wanted them to ______.a pay more rentb farm new landc be feudalizedd work harder73. By 1450 people in general had become, by comparison with earlier times, _________.a richerb poorerc more turbulentd more feudalizedPassage 5Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that, as the family therapist Virginis Satir observes, "every person has the right to fail." Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child's hastily made table as "Perfect!" even though it wobbles on uneven legs. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair of stupid. When one of my daughters was ten, she decided to raise money for charity by holding a carnival. Proud of her, we rashly allowed her to put posters all over town. We realized too late that she couldn't possibly handle all the refreshments, shows, and games promised in the posters. The whole family pitched in to prevent embarrassing failure -- and the next year she advertised an even more ambitious event. Why not? We had kept her from discovering her limitations. The troublewith failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when you don't win. A child who's not invited to a birthday party, who doesn't make the honor roll or the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation prize or say, "It doesn't matter" because it does. The youngster should be allowed to experience disappointment -- and then be helped to master it.Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts adults and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask "Why did I fail?" Resist the natural impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, don't be shy about inquiring. When I was a teenager, I failed to get a job I'd counted on. I telephoned the interviewer to ask why. "Because you came ten minutes late. "I was told, "We can't afford employees who waste other people's time." The explanation was reassuring (I hadn't been rejected as a person) and helpful, too. I don't think I've been late for anything since.Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After twelve years of studying ballet a friend of mine auditioned for a professional company. She was turned down. "Would further training help?" she asked. The ballet master shook his head. "You will never be a dancer," he said, "You haven't the body for it."In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock courageously, asking "What have I left? What else can I do?" My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where she's both competent and useful.Failure frees one to take risks because there's less of lose. Often there's a resurgence of energy -- an awareness of new possibilities.74. Which of the following would be the best title for this selection?a Teaching Your Child to Succeedb Learning from Failurec How to Be Successfuld Why We Are So Afraid of Failure75. Which sentence best expresses the central point of the selection?a Success can come only after many failures.b no one can succeed all the time.c Everyone appreciates a good loser.d use every failure as an opportunity for growth and improvement.76. According tot he passage _______.a parents need to help their children avoid failureb parents should help their children discover their limitationsc parents should be aware of their children's limitationsd parents should tell their children about their limitations77. Many people are afraid of failure because ______.a they have not been taught to view it as a learning experienceb our society does not tolerate failurec they do not have what it takes to succeedd it is the ultimate fear that human beings have78. The author implies that we can learn from our failures _____.a more than from our successesb once we ask ourselves why we did wrong最新大学考试必备复习资料c and never fail againd but not from the failures of others79. The author implies that success ______ .a prepares us for life in the real worldb provides us with much more freedom than failure doesc is all that really mattersd doesn't encourage new thinking80. The author implies that failure _________.a almost always leads to more failureb provides an opportunity to try new experiencesc make us afraid to take risksd hurts children more than adultsV. Translation (40 minutes, 20 points)Section A(20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.The aim of science is to describe the world in orderly language, in such a way that we can, if possible, foresee the results of those alternative causes of action between which we are always choosing. The kind of order which our description has is entirely one of convenience. Our purpose is always to predict. Of course, it is most convenient if we can find an order by cause and effect; it makes our choice simple; but it is not essential. There is of course nothing sacred about the causal form of natural law. We are accustomed to this form, until it has become our standard of what every natural law ought to look like.Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.全世界科学家与科学机构日益趋向于更为密切合作. 这是因为当前研究工作愈来愈复杂, 研究范围也愈来愈广, 因此产生了雇佣大批科技人员进行研究方案的大规模组织.这就必然导致许多科研工程的开展超越了国界.VI. Writing (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Write a composition of no less than 120 words on the following topic. Use the proper space on Answer Sheet II.Topic: State Schools in ChinaThere are all kinds of schools in China. Give a general classification and description of themII. Vocabulary (0.5 point each)Section ASection BIII. Cloze test (1 point each)IV. Reading comprehension (1 point each)Paper Two科学的宗旨是用有条理的语言来描述世界, 通过这种描述, 使我们在可能条件下, 能预测出我们往往要从中作出抉择的那些行为过程的结果. 我们描述事物时所遵循的条理性, 完全是从方便考虑. 我们的目的的总是为了预测. 当然, 如果我们能找到一种按因果关系排列的条理性, 那就最为方便了, 它使我们的抉择变得简单, 但这并不是绝对必要的.自然定律的因果形式当然没有什么神圣的地方.我们习惯于这种形式, 它已成为我们认识每一自然定律的标准.There has been an increasing trend twoeards closer cooperations between scientists and scientific institutions all over the world. The main reason is the growing complextity and widening scope of present-day research. Which has resulted in the creation of large organizations employing great numbers of scientists and technologists in programmes of research. This has inevitably led to the extension of many items of research beyond national boundaries.。
考研英语模拟测试题及答案
考研英语模拟测试题及答案Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on Answer Sheet 1.(10 points)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is 1 only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, 2 embarrassed. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to 3 the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner. Hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive.4 , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which,5 broken, makes the offender immediately the object of6 .It has been known as a fact that the British has a 7 for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it 8 . Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom 9 forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and 10 to everyone. This may be so. 11 a British cannot have much 12 in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong 13 a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate-or as inaccurate-as the weathermen in his 14 .Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references 15 weather that the British make to each other in the course of asingle day. Very often conversational greetings are 16 by comments on the weather. "Nice day, isn't it?" "Beautiful!" may well be heard instead of "Good morning, how are you?" 17 the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage.18 he wants to start a conversation with a British but is 19 to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will 20 an answer from even the most reserved of the British.1. [A] relaxed [B] frustrated [C] amused [D] exhausted2. [A] yet [B] otherwise [C] even [D] so3. [A] experience [B] witness [C] watch [D] undergo4. [A] Deliberately [B] Consequently [C] Frequently [D] Apparently5. [A] unless [B] once [C] while [D] as6. [A] suspicion [B] opposition [C] criticism [D] praise7. [A] emotion [B] fancy [C] likeliness [D] judgment8. [A] at length [B] to a great extent [C] from his heart [D] by all means9. [A] follows [B] predicts [C] defies [D] supports10. [A] dedication [B] compassion [C] contemplation [D] speculation11. [A] Still [B] Also [C] Certainly [D] Fundamentally12. [A] faith [B] reliance [C] honor [D] credit13. [A] if [B] once [C] when [D] whereas14. [A] propositions [B] predictions [C] approval [D] defiance15. [A] about [B] on [C] in [D] to16. [A] started [B] conducted [C] replaced [D] proposed17. [A] Since [B] Although [C] However [D] Only if18. [A] Even if [B] Because [C] If [D] For19. [A] at a loss [B] at last [C] in groups [D] on the occasion20. [A] stimulate [B] constitute [C] furnish [D] provokeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. (40 points)Text 1Readers of our Christmas issue were invited to nominate the wisest fool of the past 50 years. They responded magnificently, though often predictably. But this was not a popularity contest, or an unpopularity one. Except Jack Kennedy, every eligible president of the United States was nominated, along with every important political leader of the rest of the world. Alan Greenspan was a popular choice, but surprisingly few businessmen were proposed. Donald Trump, Kenneth Lay, Steve Jobs, Sir Richard Branson and Lord Conrad Black were those most often mentioned. Even fewer women were nominated, though Diana, Princess of Wales, was a strong contender.Piers Allen of Malta nominated Ronald Reagan, explaining, "A joke-cracking, afternoon-napping, intellectual lightweight whose memory could, in times of crisis, always be relied upon, but only to fail. Although foolish enough to announce, live on radio, that he would be bombing Russia in five minutes and take advice from his wife's astrologer (占星家), he was also wise enough to have survived union leadership and two terms as governor of California to reach the presidency of the United States and end the cold war favourably for the West. Any other wise fools making it to the White House will be hard pressed tofill his cowboy boots. "Richard Spencer (address not supplied) chose Yasser Arafat, whose foolishness was in "never missing an opportunity to miss an opportunity". "While appearing to his people as a strong leader who could stand up to the Israelis, Arafat was unable to (or simply chose not to) seize the historical moment and forge a compromise solution that would benefit the lot of the Palestinians. Had he been wise enough to make a deal with Israel when the going was good, he likely would have been buried as a bona fide (真正的) world leader in a sovereign state of Palestine. "Denis Papathanasiou of Hoboken, New Jersey, nominated Lawrence Peter "Yogi" Berra, baseball player for the New York Yankees (1946-63). "Mr Berra hardly qualifies as an intellectual: he is famous for such remarks as 'You don't look so hot yourself' (in response to a comment that he looked cool in his summer suit), 'What? You mean right now? (when asked for the time of day), and 'I take a two-hour nap, from one o'clock to four. ' On second glance, however, his utterances depict a certain honest Zen-like(类似禅宗) wisdom: If you don't know where you're going, you'll wind up somewhere else? It was hard to have a conversation with anyone-there were so many people talking. Those qualities have inspired a miniature popular cult (崇拜) of books and seminars. Not bad for a humble baseball player of modest education. "Mr Papathanasiou takes first prize.21. Dennis Papathasiou's comment suggests .[A] Lawrence Berra is no doubt a confused character.[B] It is hard to have a conversation with Lawrence Berra.[C] It is wrong to underestimate a person of modesteducation.[D] The baseball player is philosophical about life.22. What is NOT true of Ronald Reagan?[A] He was a trade union leader before assuming the governorship of California.[B] He threatened to bomb the Soviet Union on the advise of an astrologer.[C] He projected an image of tough guy when he was the U.S. president.[D] His memory could only be relied on in times of crisis.23. The possible reason to drop the U.S. presidents from the contest is that .[A] The magazine deliberately disregarded popularity in the contest[B] most of the readers endorsed Dennis Papathanasiou's choice[C] The editors decided that they were not strong contenders[D] The purpose of the contest was to outwit the readers24. Richard Spencer's comment implies that the Palestinian leader .[A] should have declared the formation of a Palestinian state[B] failed to identify a historical opportunity when it arose[C] failed to live up to his image as a strong leader[D] should have been flexible in his approach to dealing with the Israelis25. The word "humble" (Line 9, Para. 4) denotes .[A] self-importance in bearing [B] modesty in behavior[C] a free of care character [D] easy-goingness in manners。
英语考研模考试题及答案
英语考研模考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Passage 1In the past few decades, the number of people working from home has increased dramatically. This trend has been driven by advances in technology, which have made it easier for employees to work remotely. Companies have also recognized the benefits of allowing employees to work from home, including increased productivity and reduced overhead costs.36. What is the main reason for the increase in remote work?A. Improved technologyB. Higher overhead costsC. Decreased productivityD. Greater employee demand37. What is one benefit of remote work for companies?A. Increased employee demandB. Reduced overhead costsC. Lower productivityD. Higher employee turnoverPassage 2The role of social media in modern society is a topic of much debate. Some argue that it has a positive impact byconnecting people across the globe and providing a platform for the exchange of ideas. Others believe that it can lead to negative consequences, such as the spread of misinformation and the erosion of privacy.38. What is the main topic of this passage?A. The impact of social media on societyB. The global exchange of ideasC. The erosion of privacyD. The spread of misinformation39. What is one positive effect of social media mentioned in the passage?A. Connecting people globallyB. Spreading misinformationC. Eroding privacyD. Encouraging isolation二、完形填空（共20分）Read the following passage and fill in each blank with the most suitable word from the given options.The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and learn. It has made information more accessible than ever before, allowing us to connect with people from all over the world. However, it also presents new challenges, such as the need to protect our privacy and the risk of cybercrime.40. The internet has _______ the way we communicate.A. transformedB. complicatedC. simplifiedD. restricted41. The internet has made information _______.A. less accessibleB. more accessibleC. irrelevantD. unattainable42. The internet allows us to _______ with people from all over the world.A. argueB. competeC. connectD. isolate43. The internet presents new _______ such as the need to protect our privacy.A. opportunitiesB. challengesC. benefitsD. threats三、翻译（共20分）Translate the following sentences into English.44. 随着科技的发展，远程工作变得越来越普遍。
研究生英语模拟题(附答案) (2)
Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much.16A. interestB. motiveC. incidenceD. time正确答案：B注释:incentive与motive都含有“动力”的意思。
incidence影响，发生；time时间；interest兴趣。
The mother soothed the disappointed child and then promised to take him on a picnic as soon as it stopped raining.17A. huggedB. whippedC. praisedD. comforted正确答案：D注释:soothe与comfort意思接近，同为“使平静，使镇静”。
2021年研究生英语模拟试卷与答案解析1
A：capacity
B：capability
C：ability
D：faculty
【答案】：A
【解析】：capacity指生产能力或容纳能力。B.capability用于人指智力方面的潜在能力，用于物指可能性或适应性；C.ability指人可通过学习来获得做好事的能力；D.faculty指人在某方面的特殊能力。
A：favorable to
B：interested in
C：hostile to
D：conscious of
【答案】：C
【解析】：词组辨析题。A.favorable to赞成;B.interested in对……感兴趣;C.hostile to敌对;D.conscious of意识到。本题上文出现大量负面词汇,如fear,reduce等。本句没有出现任何转折词汇,说明本句与上文关系为并列或递进,故该空也应填人负面词汇,从而使上下文正负色彩一致。选项中A.为正向词汇,B.D.偏向中性,唯有C.为负面词汇,故C.为答案。
2021年研究生英语模拟试卷与答案解析1
一、单选题(共40题)
1.Most of us have experienced the odd feeling of deja vu,often regarded as a supernatural force or a glitch in the matrix.You may perform an action and suddenly feel as though you have done it in that exact l manner sometime in your life.The feeling may even be 2 by a place or by spoken words,leaving some with the feeling they could 3 0r predict what happens next.Deja vu usually strikes without 4.But researchers from Colorado State University（CSU）have developed a technique to induce thes,6 previous experiment methods.Participants were led through virtual reality scenes 7 a junkyard or a hedge garden,which shared slight spatial similarities 8 were thematically unrelated.9 they could not"consciously remember the prior scene,"one researcher said,the participants'brain picked up on it and recognized"the similarity."The results showed deja vu"did not 10 above-chance ability to predict the next turn in a navigational path resembling a（n）11 experienced but unrecalled path,"although participants did report"12 feelings of knowing the direction of the next turn."Researchers 13 dejavu does not predict the future but makes people believe they can.It has been 14 as a"metamemory"phenomena,reflectinga（n）15 awareness of unspecific memories.Follow-up experiments are now being 16 by the team to look（）the main cause behind the feeling of prediction.The studies hope to address 18 it's the familiarity process that 19 the feeling,or hindsight bias 20 people feel convinced they knew what was going to happen after it happens
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟测试
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一)模拟测试Section I: Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Text:In todays interconnected world, the role of technology in shaping our daily lives has become increasingly prominent. With the advent of smart devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), we are now able to perform tasks with unprecedented efficiency and convenience. However, the benefits of this technological revolution come with their own set of challenges, particularly when it comes to privacy and security.- Privacy concerns have risen sharply in recent years, as more and more personal data is collected and stored online. This data, ranging from browsing history to financial information, is a goldmine for hackers and cybercriminals. 1 the potential risks, individuals and organizations alike must take proactive measures to protect themselves.- One way to combat these threats is through the use ofstrong passwords and two-factor authentication. Yet, these methods alone are 2 insufficient. Regular software updates, which often include security patches, are equally important. Neglecting these updates can leave devices vulnerable to attacks.- Moreover, awareness and education play a crucial role in enhancing cybersecurity. Many cyber attacks are successful because users are not aware of the 3 tactics employed by cybercriminals. By educating users on how to recognize phishing emails, malicious websites, and other forms of cyber threats, we can significantly reduce the risk of successful attacks.- Another aspect of cybersecurity is the need for 4 policies and regulations. Governments and international organizations must work together to develop and enforce strict guidelines that protect the privacy and security of individuals online. This includes ensuring that data is collected, stored, and processed in a manner that is both ethical and legal.- Finally, collaboration between the public and private sectors is essential in the fight against cybercrime. By sharing information and resources, both sectors can more effectively 5 emerging threats and respond to incidents. This includesincident response teams, threat intelligence sharing, and joint training exercises.In conclusion, cybersecurity is a complex and ever-evolving field that requires a multi-faceted approach. By combining strong passwords, regular updates, awareness and education, robust policies, and public-private collaboration, we can build a safer and more secure digital world.Questions:1. A) DespiteB) Despite ofC) In spiteD) In spite ofAnswer: D) In spite ofExplanation: In spite of is a prepositional phrase used to introduce a contrast, meaning although or even though. It correctly completes the sentence by acknowledging the potential risks despite their existence.2. A) inherentlyB) increasinglyC) predominantlyD) undoubtedlyAnswer: A) inherentlyExplanation: Inherently means something is an essential or fundamental part of something else. Here, it suggests that strong passwords and two-factor authentication, while important, are not enough on their own to provide complete security.3. A) sophisticatedB) straightforwardC) outdatedD) rudimentaryAnswer: A) sophisticatedExplanation: Sophisticated refers to something that is complex, advanced, or highly developed. It correctly describes the tactics employed by cybercriminals, which are often complex and difficult to detect.4. A) ambiguousB) comprehensiveC) vagueD) simplisticAnswer: B) comprehensiveExplanation: Comprehensive means including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something. Here, it refers to theneed for policies and regulations that cover all aspects of cybersecurity, ensuring that individuals privacy and security are adequately protected.5. A) anticipateB) endureC) eliminateD) exacerbateAnswer: A) anticipateExplanation: Anticipate means to foresee or expect something to happen. In this context, it correctly describes the need for both the public and private sectors to work together to predict and prepare for emerging cyber threats.。
考研英语模拟试题及答案
考研英语模拟试题及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A) At a bookstore.B) At a library.C) At a lecture.D) At a post office.M: Excuse me, do you have the latest edition of "The Economist"?F: Yes, it's right over here on the new releases shelf.2. A) She is going to the doctor's.B) She is going to the dentist's.C) She is going to the hairdresser's.D) She is going to the supermarket.M: What time are you planning to leave?F: As soon as I finish this chapter, I'll head to the dentist.3. A) He is a teacher.B) He is a student.C) He is a librarian.D) He is a writer.M: I'm working on a paper for my history class.F: Well, you're in the right place. The library has a vast collection of resources.4-8. (Similar format)...Conversation 1M: I heard you're going to take the GRE next month. Are you feeling prepared?F: Yes, I am. I've been attending a prep course and doing a lot of practice tests.Questions:9. A) He is curious about her preparation.B) He is offering to help her study.C) He is asking about the exam date.D) He is surprised she is taking the exam.10. A) She is confident about her preparation.B) She is worried about the cost of the course.C) She is considering dropping out of the course.D) She is unsure about the test format.Conversation 2...Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Passage 1[Recording will describe a historical event or a scientific discovery.]11-13. (Questions based on the passage)Passage 2[Recording will describe a current social issue or a cultural phenomenon.]14-16. (Questions based on the passage)Passage 3[Recording will describe a personal story or a biographical sketch.]17-19. (Questions based on the passage)Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a longconversation or a lecture. You will hear the conversation or lecture only once. After you hear the conversation or lecture, you will read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.20-25. (Questions based on the long conversation or lecture)Part II Reading Comprehension (60 points)Section ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions that follow each text by choosing the best answer from the four options (A, B, C, and D). After reading the text, you will find questions based on the content, main idea, and details of the text.Text 1[A short passage about an environmental issue.]26. What is the main cause of the environmental issue discussed in the text?A) Industrial pollution.B) Deforestation.C) Climate change.D) Agricultural runoff.27. What is the primary solution proposed by the author?A) Stricter regulations on factories.B) Reforestation efforts.C) International cooperation.D) Public awareness campaigns.Text 2[A short passage about a technological innovation.]28-31. (Questions based on the text)Text 3[A short passage about a historical figure.]32-35. (Questions based on the text)Text 4[A short passage about an economic theory.]36-39. (Questions based on the text)Section BDirections: The following texts are of a more complex nature. After reading each text, answer the questions that follow.You may choose the best answer from the four options (A, B, C, and D).Text 5[A more complex passage about a social issue.]40. What is the author's opinion on the social issue?A) It is a pressing concern that requires immediate action.。
大学生考研英语模拟试题一套(带答案)
大学生考研英语模拟试题一套Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The key position and role of women in the process of development is increasingly being recognized. 1 the three great World Conferences of Women were more concerned 2 recognizing and compiling approaches to 3 , we can currently confirm a general sharpening of awareness. It has become clear that the Third World Cultures, in earlier times strongly matriarchal, have been weakened 4 this respect by the methods of colonial education which are almost 5 directed towards the male. Of the many criticisms of this situation let one voice be heard: "Development education groups and programmes are very much 6 and lack woman's perspective". So, too, the hopes placed in vocational training—"vocationalization" —as an aid to equality have been disappointed since this in its turn was to large extent focused on the male.In these circumstances we should not be surprised that until now women have 7 at least in the educational processes which have been introduced. Only 20% attend primary school and the 8 of those who leave early is highest 9 girls. Because of the lack of basic training only around 10% take part in Adult Education programmes. Hence it is vitally important to 10 a turning-point by increasing the 11 of the need 12 education.Hence even Primary Education for girls should be 13 towards the basic needs and necessities and provide answers which are as simple as possible. In rural districts such answers will be different from those 14 in urban areas. The education of girls and women must to a large degree be an education for the life they will lead, tailored 15 a woman's position. In saying this we are in fact demanding that the education of women, like all educational work in the Third World, should be an 16 part of the community. 17 there are many partners in this process school, family, small businesses, governmental and non-governmental organizations. The educational skill 18 keeping this interplay active in such a way that there is no deficiency in material content. An important consequence of this is the 19 of the desire to question, which, on the one hand, presses for further education and on the other for its 20 application.1、A. Although B. For C. Nevertheless D. Because2、A. with B. of C. upon D. over3、A. salvage B. revolution C. liberty D. liberation4、A. in B. of C. upon D. with5、A. specially B. distinctively C. exclusively D. respectively6、A. males-dominating B. female-dominating C. male-dominating D. females-dominating7、A. pooled B. joined C. taken D. participated8、A. percentage B. number C. fraction D. part9、A. in B. between C. of D. among10、A. secure B. strike C. save D. hit11、A. acknowledgementB. awareness C. affirmation D. agreement12、A. for B. of C. in D. with13、A. aimed B. targeted C. directed D. manipulated14、A. offered B. provided C. told D. given15、A. for B. to C. with D. at16、A. synthetic B. combined C. integrated D. comprehensive17、A. Subsequently B. Consequently C. Accordingly D. Reversely18、A. consists of B. accounts for C. consists in D. leads to19、A. waking B. awakening C. rising D. arising20、A. practical B. useful C. material D. artificialSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1The past 40 years have witnessed an extraordinary evolution. From slow expensive machines controlled by punched cards, computers have become low-cost, powerful units taking up no more space than a briefcase. Simultaneously, our world has become interlaced with telephone wires, optic fibers, undersea cables, microwave links, television channels and satellite communications.At the crossing of these two developments stands the Internet—a direct result of computer technology intersecting with communication technology. But for many in the world of today's media, this is merely a first landmark in what promises to be a giant upheaval in the way people communicate, relax and work. This is the era of digital convergence.According to a recent article in Scientific American, convergence is in principle "the union of audio, video and data communications into a single source, received on a single device, delivered by a single connection." Digital technology has already provided a medium for integrating media that until now required distinct channels of communication: we can now send emails using our televisions or text messages over mobile phones. Real-time video can be transmitted over radio channels, while television and radio can be received on Personal Computers.Full digital convergence promises real-time access to information anywhere in the world, and global communication through text, graphics, video and audio. In fact, there seems to be no technological limit to what might be possible. "The reality of 'anywhere, anytime' access to broadband digital networks is going to make our lives freer and fuller," Gerald Levin, chief executive officer of AOL Time Warner, has promised. But technology alone cannot bring about such a world, as long as consumers and companies do not embrace it, convergence is likely to go the way of several hyped-up predecessors.Over a decade ago, for example, virtual reality was the technology of thefuture, and many people anticipated a day where we would be wearing head-mounted displays and interacting with all manner of virtual environments. At the time there was real concern about changes in industrial practices and social behavior brought about by this technology. So what happened to this vision? Well, we got it wrong. Currently, the home computer is the main interface to the Internet. But relatively few people in the world have access to PCs, and few would argue that they are ideal for the purpose--they can crash and freeze because they were not designed for widespread Internet use.21、In this text the extraordinary evolution refers to______.A. the appearance of the smaller, low-cost and powerful computers.B. the interrelated telephone wires, optic fibers, undersea cables, microwave links.C. the popularity of TV channels and satellite communication.D. the fast development of computer and communication technology.22、According to this text the Internet_________.A. develops with the advance of computer technology.B. combines computer technology and communication technology.C. brings great changes to today's media.D. will give way to digital convergence.23、The medium for integrating media is______.A. the Internet.B. the digital technology.C. the mobile phone.D. Personal Computer.24、The word "convergence (in Para. 3) means__________.A. revolution.B. communication.C. integration.D. transmission.25、Full digital convergence depends on_______.A. whether more people have access to PCs.B. the provision of more interfaces to the Internet.C. the improvement of the technology of virtual reality.D. whether the users will accept the new technology or not.Text 2Linguists have been able to follow the formation of a new language in Nicaragua. The catch is that it is not a spoken language but, rather, a sign language which arose spontaneously in deaf children.The Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL) emerged in the late 1970s, at a new school for deaf children. Initially the children were instructed by teachers who could hear. No one taught them how to sign; they simply worked it out for themselves. By conducting experiments on people who attended the school at various points in its history, Dr. Senghas has shown how NSL has become more sophisticated over time. For example, concepts that an older signer uses a single sign for, such as rolling and falling, have been unpacked into separate signs by youngsters.Early users, too, did not develop a way of distinguishing left from right. Dr. Senghas showed this by asking signers of different ages to converse about a set of photographs that each could see. One signer had to pick a photograph and describeit. The other had to guess which photograph was being described.When all the photographs contained the same elements, merely arranged differently, older people, who had learned the early form of the language, could neither signal which photo they meant, nor understand the signals of their younger partners. Nor could their younger partners teach them the signs that indicate left and right. The older people clearly understood the concept of left and right, they just could not converse about it a result that bears on the vexing question of how much language merely reflects the way the brain thinks about the world, and how much it actually shapes such thinking.For a sign language to emerge spontaneously, though, deaf children must have some inherent tendency to tie gestures to meaning. Spoken language, of course, is frequently accompanied by gestures. But, as a young researcher, Dr. Goldin-Meadow suspected that deaf children use gestures differently from those who can hear. In a 30-year-long project carried out on deaf children in America and Taiwan, whose parents can hear normally, she has shown that this is true.Even deaf children who have no deaf acquaintances use signs as words. The order the signs come in is important. It is also different from the order of words in either English or Chinese. But it is the same, for a given set of signs and meanings, in both America and Taiwan.Curiously enough, the signs produced by children in Spain and Turkey, whom Dr. Goldin- Meadow is also studying, while similar to each other, differ from those that American and Taiwanese children produce. Dr. Goldin-Meadow is not certain why that is. However, the key commonality is that their spontaneously created languages resemble fully-formed languages.26、The Nicaragua Sign Language is__________.A. a non-verbal language created by deaf children.B. an artificial language used by people in Nicaragua.C. a language invented by teachers who teach the deaf.D. a language described and modified by deliberate linguists27、The experiment with the photographs shows that_________.A. none of them are clever enough to communicate freely.B. early signs fail to communicate certain ideas.C. the youngsters are better at describing the photographs.D. the elders are better at locating the photographs.28、It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that_________.A. the way of thinking determines the way of expression.B. the way of expression determines the way of thinking.C. people are not sure about the relationship between language and thinking.D. people are unable to tell right from left due to brain problems.29、Which of the following is true according to the text?A. Deaf children are born to tie gestures with meanings.B. Gestures used by the deaf and the normal are similar.C. No countries share similar gestures orders in sign language.D. NSL is to some extent similar to spoken language.30、What can be the best title for the text?A. Sign language and spoken language.B. The history of NSL.C. Findings about sign language.D. The origin of language.Text 3For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travelers go abroad ill prepared to avoid serious disease. Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travelers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a tropical Diseases hospital when they come home. But it is notoriously difficult to get everybody to pay out money for keeping people healthy.Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests—the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travelers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take the time to spell out preventive measures travelers could take. "The NHS consultant finds it difficult to define travelers' health," says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel and tropical medicine and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital forTropical Diseases in London. "Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? It's a grey Tropical Diseases in London. area, and opinion is split. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role," he says.To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease is linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they ate, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.A recent leader in the British Medical Journal argued: "Travel medicine will emerge as a credible discipline only if the risks encountered by travelers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control." Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice? The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than fl million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security. "Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority," he says.31、Travel medicine in Britain is________.A. not something anyone wants to run.B. the responsibility of the government.C. administered by private doctors.D. handled adequately by travel agents.32、One big obstacle to the development of travel medicine is________.A. there's an identity problem.B. it involves knowledge of many traditional disciplines.C. nobody, either the government or individuals, is willing to pay for the service.D. the information of how to avoid, tropical diseases are of little use for those travel to Antarctica.33、The main interest of travel agencies dealing with travel medicine is toA. prevent people from falling iii.B. make money out of it.C. give advice on specific countries.D. get the government to pay for it.34、In Behren's opinion the question of who should run travel medicineA. is for the government to decide.B. should be left to specialist hospitals.C. can be left to travel companies.D. has no clear and simple answer.35、People will only think better of travel medicine if_________.A. it is given more resources by the government.B. more accurate information on its value is available.C. the government takes over responsibility from the NHS.D. travelers pay more attention to the advice they get.Text 4The first great cliche of the Internet was, "Information wants to be free." The notion was that no one should have to pay for "content" words and pictures and stuff like that and, in the friction-free world of cyberspace, no one would have to.The reigning notion today is that the laws of economics are not, after all, suspended in cyberspace like the laws of gravity in outer space. Content needs to be paid for on the Web just as in any other medium. And it probably has to be paid for the same way most other things are paid for. by the people who use it. We tried charging the customers at Slate. It didn't work. Future experiments may be more successful. But meanwhile, let's look again at this notion that in every medium except the Internet, people pay for the content they consume. It's not really true.TV is the most obvious case. A few weeks ago a producer from "Nightline" contacted Slate while researching a possible show on the crisis of content on the Internet. He wanted to know how on earth we could ever be a going business if we gave away our content for free. I asked how many people pay to watch "Nightline". Answer. none. People pay for their cable or satellite transmission, and they pay for content on HBO, but "Nightline" and other broadcast programs thrive without a penny directly from viewers. There are plenty of differences, of course, and the ability of Web sites to support themselves on advertising is unproven. But "Nightline" itself disproves the notion that giving away content is suicidal.Now, look at magazines. The money that magazine subscribers pay often doesn't even cover the cost of persuading them to subscribe. A glossy monthly will happily send out $ 20 of junk mail--sometimes far more to find one subscriber who will pay $12 or $15 for a yearly subscription. Why? Partly in the hope that she or he will renew again and again until these costs are covered. But for many magazines including profitable ones--the average subscriber never pays back the cost of finding, signing and keeping him or her. The magazines need these subscribers in order to sell advertising.Most leading print magazines would happily send you their product for free, if they had any way of knowing (and proving to advertisers) that you read it. Advertisers figure, reasonably, that folks who pay for a magazine are more likely to read it, and maybe see their ad, than those who don't. So magazines make you pay, even if it costs them more than they get from you.This madcap logic doesn't apply on the Internet, where advertisers pay only for ads that have definitely appeared in front of someone's "eyeballs". They can even know exactly how many people have clicked on their ads. So far advertisers have been insufficiently grateful for this advantage. But whether they come around or not, there will never be a need on the Internet to make you pay just to prove that you're willing. So maybe the Internet's first great cliche had it exactly backward: Information has been free all along. It's the Internet that wants to enslave it.36、The predominant idea of today is thatA. information should be free in cyberspace.B. content on the Web should be paid for.C. the laws of economics are not applicable to cyberspace.D. the laws of economics are as outdated as the laws of gravity.37、The "Nightline" case shows that________.A. a media program survives on ad rather than on subscription.B. the role of ad in helping a program survive is negligible.C. people indeed pay a certain amount of money for the content.D. the media can afford to give away the content for free.38、Many magazines charge the consumers some money________.A. because they need that money badly for survival.B. so that the consumers are more likely to read the ad in them.C. because it encourages the consumers to renew subscription.D. since the monthly postage itself costs quite a lot of money.39、Most leading magazines would be given to consumers for free as long as______.A. they earned enough money to keep the business going.B. consumers take the trouble to read the ad in the magazine.C. consumers read the main content of these magazines.D. consumers understand the policy of the magazine business.40、The last sentence of the text means that it is the Internet that________.A. wants consumers to pay for information.B. fails to see the prospect of a brand new business.C. provides outdated rather than updated information to consumers.D. tries to use information to manipulate consumers' minds.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about Managing the Dell Way. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. No ExcuseB. Worry About saving Money, Not saving FaceC. Leave the Ego at the DoorD. No victory LapsE. No Easy TargetsF. Be DirectMichael Dell revolutionized the PC biz with a direct-sales model that keeps costs low and customer satisfaction high. That was 19 years ago, y. et Dell is still outdistancing rivals. Credit his management principles:41.________________.It's an attitude, not just a business model. When the CEO talks, he doesn't mince words, and workers shouldn't either. They're supposed to question everything and challenge their bosses. And no one is exempt. In Dell's own annual 360-degree review, workers complained of his detached style, so he has pledged to be more emotionally engaged.42.________________.Dell believes in accountability above all else: "There's no 'the dog ate my homework' at Dell," he warns. A manager must quickly admit a problem, confront it, and never be defensive. Dell ruthlessly exposes weak spots during grueling quarterly reviews. And execs know they had better fix the problem before the next meeting.43.________________.To Dell, celebration breeds complacency. He once rejected an idea to display Dell artifacts in the company's lobby because "museums are looking at the past." When they succeed, managers must make due with a short e-mail or a quick pat on the back. The founder s mantra: Celebrate for a nanosecond, then move on."44.________________.The company favors "two-in-a-box" management, in which two exec utives share responsibility for a product, a region, or a company function. That forces them to work as a team, playing off each other's strengths and watching out for each other's weaknesses.45.________________.It's not enough to rack up profits or turbocharge growth--execs must do both. Miss a profit goal, and you're not cutting costs fast enough. Overshoot it, and you're leaving sales on the table. In the past year, the server, storage, and networking chiefs were reassigned, despite solid results. "Pity the folks who didn't use all the bullets intheir gun "says a former exec.Unlike its rivals, Dell is quick to pull the plug on disappointing new ventures. The latest: Despite a year of work and extensive news coverage, Michael Dell spiked a plan to put e-commerce kiosks in Sears stores after just four were installed. Instead, kiosks are going into public areas in malls.41、42、43、44、45、Part CDirections.Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered "striking" differences between men and women in a part of the brain linked with ability to estimate time, judge speed, visualize things three-dimensionally and solve mathematical problems.47)The differences, the researchers say, may underlie well-known trends that vary by sex, such as the fact that more men than women are architects, mathematicians and race-car drivers.In a study reported this week in the Journal Cerebral Cortex, the researchers show that a brain region called the inferior parietal lobule is significantly larger overall in men than in women. The area is part of the cerebral cortex and appears on both sides of the brain just above ear-level.Also, there's a symmetry difference, with men having a larger left IPL than right. 48) In women in the study, it's the right IPL that's somewhat larger, though the difference between the two sides of the brain is less obvious than in men, says psychiatrist Godfrey Pearlson, M. D. who headed the project.Researchers also compared IPL volumes on the left and the right sides of the brain. After allowances for men's larger overall head and brain size, men had roughly 6 percent more IPL tissue than women."The inferior parietal lobule is far more developed in people than in animals and has evolved relatively recently, "says Pearlson. 49)It allows the brain to process information from senses such as vision and touch, and enables the sort of thinking involved in selective attention and perception.Studies link the right IPL with a working memory of spatial relationships, the ability to sense relationships between body parts and awareness of a person's own affect or feelings. The left IPL, Pearlson says, is more involved in perception, such as judging how fast something is moving, estimating time and having the ability to mentally rotate 3-D figures."To say this means men are automatically better at some things than women is a simplification, "says Pearlson. "It's easy to find women who are fantastic at math and physics and men who excel in language skills. Only when we look at very largepopulations and look for slight but significant trends do we see the generalizations. 50) There are plenty of exceptions, but there's also a grain of truth, revealed through the brain structure, that we think underlies some of the ways people characterize the sexes."46、47、48、49、50、Section ⅢWritingPart A51、Directions:A student wants to join the Students' Union, and asks you to write a recommendation letter, of which the content should include:1) The reason why the student wants to join the Students' Union2) The student's study and work ability3) Your confidence in him or her of holding the postYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52、Directions:Write an essay of 160 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then point out the reasons of launching the spaceships, and give your comment.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)答案:Section ⅠUse of English1、A[解析] 第二句谈的是尽管…，我们必须承认一个事实。
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研究生英语期末考试模拟试题（学生版）（1）ENGLISH TEST FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS（1）PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A ( 1 point each)Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked abort what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He doesn’t like classic music.B. He feels sorry to decline the offer.C. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn’t got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage.B. At the restaurant.C. At the supermarket.D. At the office.3. A. Tony doesn’t always listen.B. Tony has hearing problems.C. It’s unusual that Tony missed the interview.D. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier.B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable.5. A. A doctor.B. An operator.C. A nurse.D. A dentist.6. A. $0.35B. $3.50C. $3.05D. $30.57. A. He has something wrong with his watch.B. He thought the meeting was for a different day.C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared.D. He was not paying attention to the time.8. A. He didn’t attend Professor Smith’s class last time.B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.C. The woman should pose a more serious question.D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend.9. A. The woman does not drink beer.B. It was not the woman’s coat.C. The woman just had her coat cleaned.D. The woman is not angry with the man.Section B ( 1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear two mini- talks. At the end of each talk, there wi11be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scoring AnswerSheet.Mini-talk One10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at home.B. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools.B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from home.C. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills.12. A. A variety of honeybee.B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor Society.D. A national top competition.Mini-talk Two13. A. Importance of biodiversity.B. Protection of wild species.C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat.B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato.15. A. They can harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support life.B. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls.D. They hardly survive different conditions.Section C ( 1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a talk. Complete the notes below as you listen. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down youranswers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions below.Lecture Topic: Getting a good night’s sleep16) There are several ____________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t want to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to help get a good night’s sleep:17) 1：____________________________________________________________________ ____18) 2: ____________________________________________________________________ _____19) 3: ____________________________________________________________________ _____20) 4: ____________________________________________________________________ _____PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Eachquestion is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you’ll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researchers.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)Directions:There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the correspondingletter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring AnswerSheet.31. ______ this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his ______ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ______ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important ______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ______ sixyears of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an evendeeper ______ between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ______ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold amillion earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient’s life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a highrisk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each_______, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART 错误！未找到引用源。