动词不定式是一种非限定性动词
【中考英语总复习 精讲精练】11 非谓语动词(解析版)
非谓语动词一、考点梳理考点一动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，有带to 和省略to 两种形式，可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分。
1. 作主语To travel around China is my dream.环游中国是我的梦想。
注意：不定式作主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，但通常用it 作形式主语，而把不定式放于句末，来保持句子的平衡，常见的句式有：(1) It takes sb. some time to do sth.It took me twenty minutes to finish my English homework.完成我的英语家庭作业花费了我20分钟的时间。
(2) It’s + adj./n. + to do sth.It’s interesting to read the English books.读英语书是有趣的。
(3) It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 其中形容词是用来修饰动词不定式的。
It’s hard for me to learn English well.学好英语对我来说是困难的。
(4) It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 其中形容词是用来修饰人的。
It’s very kind of you to help me.你能帮助我真是太好了。
2. 作表语动词不定式作表语时，主要表示愿望、责任、义务等，一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。
His wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望就是当一名老师。
To be a policeman is his wish.当一名警察是他的愿望。
3. 作宾语decide, hope, plan, want, learn, seem, choose, fail 等后只能跟动词不定式作宾语。
I want to see a doctor about that cough.我想找医生治咳嗽。
牛津译林版初中英语动词不定式专题
动词不定式专题一.概念：由to＋动词原形构成，有时to 可以省略。
不定式是一种非限定性动词。
而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。
动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。
批注：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。
二.结构：肯定：to + V.原或者(to)+ V.原否定：not/never + (to) + V.原eg.1) He likes to read novels.2) I saw him come.3) We decided not to buy that house.4) It is interesting to fly a kite.5) Please let him not go there.三.用法：动词不定式可以在句中充当的成分有：主语,宾语,补语,表语,定语,状语。
1.作主语To hear your voice is so nice. It is so nice to hear your voice.To study hard is very important. It is very important to study hard.注意：不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。
1）It +be + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth.for: adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征（important/ necessary / interesting 等.）of: adj. 多为描述人的品质特征（kind / nice / friendly / wise / foolish 等.）eg. It is easy for her to learn English well.It is clever of you to solve the problem.2) It takes sb. some time to do sth.It takes me three hours to finish the homework every day.我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。
动词不定式的用法与练习
动词不定式的用法与练习动词不定式是英语中的一种非限定性动词形式，通常由"to"加上动词的原形构成。
不定式可以具有名词、形容词或副词的功能，在句子中起到不同的作用。
本文将介绍动词不定式的基本用法，并提供一些练习帮助读者巩固所学知识。
一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式可以在句子中作主语，常见句型为：To study is important for success.解析：动词不定式"To study"作主语，表示“学习”在成功中的重要性。
二、动词不定式作宾语动词不定式可以在句子中作宾语，常见句型为：I want to learn French.解析：动词不定式"to learn"作宾语，表示“学习法语”的愿望。
三、动词不定式用于形容词后动词不定式可以用于形容词的后面，修饰名词或代词，常见句型为：I am happy to help you.解析：动词不定式"to help"用于形容词"happy"后，表示“乐意帮助你”。
四、动词不定式用于副词后动词不定式也可以用于副词的后面，修饰动词或整个句子，常见句型为：She went to the park to enjoy the sunshine.解析：动词不定式"to enjoy"用于副词"to the park"后，表示“去公园享受阳光”。
五、动词不定式用于介词后动词不定式还可以用于介词的后面，常见句型为：He is good at playing basketball.解析：动词不定式"playing"用于介词"at"后，表示“擅长打篮球”。
六、动词不定式作状语动词不定式可以作为状语，用于修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，常见句型为：She works hard to achieve her goals.解析：动词不定式"to achieve"作状语，修饰动词"works hard"，表示“努力工作以达成她的目标”。
不定式 to do 详解
一、作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake 举例： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 2）动词+不定式 ；动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish… I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你能使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3）动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
不定式的定义
1) 一般式：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.他好像知道这。
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再见到你。
2) 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦。
He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。
3) 进行式：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.他似乎在吃东西。
4) 完成进行式：She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.她知道已处于这个问题很多年了。
不定式在句中的成分一、作宾语1）动词+ 不定式afford,aim,appear,agree,arrange,ask,be,decide,bother,care,choose,come,dare,demand,desir e,determine,expect,elect,endeavor,hope,fail,happen,help,hesitate,learn,long,mean,manage, offer,ought,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wait,wish.The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
高中动词不定式详细讲解
1：当一个动词在句中做主语、宾语、表 语、宾补、定语或状语成份时就叫做非谓 语。 2.因为不同的成份必须用不同的词性，所 以做各种成份的动词必须要变化其形式才 能做对应的成份。
不定式:是一种非限定性动词。 1.非限定动词:是指那些在句中不能单独充当 谓语的动词， 2. 动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外 的任何句子成分。 3. 动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还 有其完成式和进行式。
练习
5、轮到我们打扫教室了。
It is our turn_________________________ to clean the classroom.
浪费时间就是缩短生命。
6、To waste time is to shorten life. （翻译成中文）
作表语
1、主语 + be + to do sth
(enter /to enter ) to come 4、Please tell her _________here on time . (come / to come)
) solve 5、I’ll help you (to _________this problem. (to solve /solve )
6、 I wish you will stay with us.(改成简单句）
I wish you to stay with us.
7、Her story made us laugh. (改成被动句） We were made to laugh by her story.
作定语
位置： 放在被修饰词的后面 I have a lot of work to do.
二听
一感觉:feel
动词不定式的完成形式
动词不定式的完成形式动词不定式是一种非限定性动词形式，它由动词原形加上"to"构成。
在英语中，动词不定式有三种时态形式：一般式、进行式和完成式。
本文将重点探讨动词不定式的完成形式，分析其用法和相关规则。
一、动词不定式的完成形式概述动词不定式的完成形式表示一个动作或状态在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前已经发生或完成。
通常情况下，它通常由"to have + 动词不定式的过去分词"构成。
下面是一些例子：1. I am glad to have met you. （我很高兴和你见面）2. He is fortunate to have won the lottery.（他很幸运中了彩票）3. We are excited to have finished the project.（我们很兴奋完成了这个项目）二、动词不定式完成形式的用法说明1. 表示动作在谓语动词之前发生动词不定式的完成形式常用于表示一个动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如：- I was happy to have received your letter.（我很高兴收到你的信）在这个例子中，收到信这个动作发生在我感到高兴这个动作之前。
2. 表示对过去的一种认识或态度动词不定式的完成形式还可以用来表示对过去的一种认识或态度。
例如：- She was relieved to have finished her exams.（她松了一口气，考试已经结束了）在这个例子中，开始松了一口气这个动作发生在考试结束之前。
3. 表示一件错过的机会动词不定式的完成形式还可以用来表示过去错过的机会或者遗憾。
例如：- They regretted not to have attended the conference.（他们后悔没有参加这次会议）在这个例子中，错过参加会议这个动作发生在后悔这个动作之前。
4. 介词结构中的动词不定式的完成形式动词不定式的完成形式也常常出现在介词结构中。
动词不定式专题文档
动词不定式专题概述不定式定义：由to＋动词原形构成。
不定式是一种非限定性动词。
而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。
“动词不定式”由动词+不定时构成。
动词不定式在句中能够作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。
动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和实行式。
[动词不定式的时态、语态]动词不定式能够作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性动词不定式及其短语还能够有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这个动作一定由使动者发出。
这个使动者我们称之为逻辑主语，其形式如下：主动形式被动形式一般式（not) to do（not) to be done实行式（not) to be doing无被动完成式（not) to have done ( not) to have been done(1)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。
如：It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请）It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语）I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语）He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。
如：There are st ill many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is n othing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)(2)时态1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
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一些动词后作宾补的不定式不带to. 一感：feel + sb + do sth. 二听: hear, listen to 三看: see, watch, look at, observe, notice 四使役: let, make, have Suddenly we felt the atmosphere grow tense. What made him do that again and again?
13. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ____after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive 14. We agreed _____here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 15. Rather than ____on a crowded but, he always prefers ____a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
1.常见的不定式作宾语的及物动词有： want, hope, wish, agree, promise, decide, determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, choose, expect, refuse I like to keep everything tidy. When I heard the words, I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. I want to speak to Tom.
为了避免重复，作宾语的不定式第二次 出现时往往省略，只保留不定式符号。 1. 在want, wish, hope, like, hate, plan, try, love 等词后. You can try it again if you want to.
--Have you listened to the music? --No, but I plan to.
9. Robert is said ____abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to studying D. to have been studying
10. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ___it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
16. —The last one ____ pays the meal. —Agreed! [2007 全国I] A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
4. With a lot of difficult problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
5. Sandy could do nothing but ___to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit
2. feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider + it +adj. / n. + to do sth. He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. She made it a rule to get up at five.
当介词but, except前面有实义动词do时,不 定式在介词之后可以省去to。 The enemy can do nothing but__________. surrender The enemy had nothing to choose but ____________. to surrender I have nothing to do except _____ the copy article for him. to copy I have nothing to choose except _______ the article for him.
所修饰的名词前有the first/last/next, the only, the best, the most等序数词或最高级等 修饰语时, 用不定式作定语. 不定式修饰something, anything, nothing. The next train to arrive is from Washington. I want something to read. It’s your turn to speak now. It’s time to go to school.
We found it difficult to work with him. He always has a lot of meetings to attend. He is looking for a room to live in. I study hard to serve the people well. In order not to be late she took a bus.
Practice
1. The teacher asked us _____so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 2. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ___whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
Unit One
Period four
Grammar
动词不定式是一种非限定性动
词,由to＋动词原形构成,但在有些
情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在
句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定 语和状语。
To finish so much homework in a day is impossible. To see is to believe. My wish is to be a doctor. I want to do it myself.
He is lucky to get here on time. Be careful not to catch a cold. They started early so as to catch the first bus. I hurried to get there only to find him out. They parted never to see each other. He studied hard only to fail.
It is difficult to understand him. It is a pleasure to help you. It's a great honor to be invitedห้องสมุดไป่ตู้to Mary's birthday party. It takes me an hour to clean the room.
The teacher told us not to be so noisy in the class. I expect you to give me some help in the experiment. Father will not allow us to play on the street. We believe him to be guilty.
I need a pen to write with. In the dark room, he even had no bed to sleep on.
I need someone to type the letters for me. The building to be built is a lab.
常见带形式主语it的句型： 1. It is easy ( difficult, important, possible, necessary, good, kind, wise, foolish…) to do sth. 2. It is a pleasure (pity, crime, an honor…) to do sth. 3. It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
11. There are five pairs____, but I’m at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 12. Last summer I took a course on ____. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made