英国文学总结一览表
英美文学之英国文学总结表
Dramatic Romance传奇剧：The Tempest暴风雨
One of the founders of realism in world literature; the summit of the English Renaissance; fist-rank writer the world over.Sonnet
Richard Steele/ Joseph Addison
创办刊物：Tatler闲谈者
Spectator观察者
Jonathan Swift
Guilliver’s Travels；A Modest Proposal;The Battles of Books
最伟大的讽刺散文作家
Guilliver’s Travels,selfish and sick bestiality of humanity on the guise of so-called Yahoos and Houyhnhnms
The Vicar ofWakefield
(poet, novelist, dramatistand essayist combined in one person)
James Thomson
The Seasons四季歌
William Collins
Ode to Evening黄昏颂
Thomas Gray
MollFlanders
The Father of English Novel.英国小说之父
Henry Fielding
Tom Jones;
The Founder of the English Realist Novel.
英国文学(期末总结)
content
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
the Anglo-Saxon period The Anglo-Norman period Renaissance period The 17th Century period The 18th Century period Romantic period Romanticism Literature Victorian Age Critical Realism Literature
Chapter 5. The 18th Century period
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
The Enlightenment(reason) The rise of English novels (realistic novel) Neo-classicism Satiric literature Sentimentalism Pre-romanticism back
back
Romance
(1) Three Literary Periods (2) Arthur and his knights of the Round Table (3) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (plot; theme)
back
Renaissance period
Chapter 6.Romantic Age Literature
(1) (2) (3)
Romantic poets of the first generation Romantic poets of the second generation Novelists of the Romantic Age
最新英美文学之英国文学总结表
(poetry, romance and ballad)
Geoffrey Chaucer英雄诗歌之父14th
Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集(1stmasterpiece),The House of Fame声誉之堂,Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德, The parliament of fowls.
(410-1066)
Anglo-Saxon
(poetry)
Beowulf贝奥武甫
The national epic of the English people.
MedievalEngland
(1066-1400)
中世纪
(The Wars of Roses, Founding of the Tudor Dynasty)
He wrote the greatest epic in literature ---- .
He was the first to use blank verse in non-dramatic works.
He ranks with Shakespeare as two patterns of English verse.
Ben Johnson
讽刺喜剧：Volpone狐狸、The Alchemist炼金术师、Every Man in His Humor人人高兴
抨击当时社会追逐金钱风气
Francis Bacon
Essays; NewAtlantic; The Proficience and Adventure of Learning
John Bunyan班扬
Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程;
英国文学下半部分总结
一：The Eighteenth Century(1688---1798)-----The Age of Reason/Enlightenment 1)Pope 18世纪被称为是Pope的时代，18世纪最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“heroic couplet”1)16岁Pastorals《田园诗》2)1711 Essay on Criticism《批评论》—heroic couplets and didactic poem3)1714 The Rape of the Lock《卷发遇劫记》—a mock-heroic poem4)The Dunciad《群愚史诗》5)Essay on man《人论》—philosophical poem in heroic couplets6)Imitation of Horace《仿贺拉斯》7)Epistle to Dr.Arbuthnot《致阿勃诺斯特医生书》2)Swift 讽刺作家1)1704 A Tale of a Tub《木桶的故事》—parable寓言2)1704 The Battle of the Books《书站》3)1708 Bickerstaff Almanac《比克斯塔福历书》4)1708 Elegy of Mr.Partridge《帕特里奇挽歌》5)1708 Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff《艾萨克·比克斯塔福的辩护》6)1726，10 Gulliver’s Travels《格里佛游记》7)Pamphlets on Ireland(小论文) 关于爱尔兰的小册子（1）The Drapier’s Letters《布商的书信》（2） A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》8)Tragic love affairs: Candenus and Vanessa《坎迪纳斯和文莎》、Journal toStella《给斯拉特的信》—love-letters9)1745 On the Death of Dr. Swift3)Defoe “the pioneer novelist of England”英国现实主义小说开创人，1)1701 Trueborn Englishman—A Satire《纯血统英国人》---- pamphlet2)1702 The Shortest Way with the Dissenters《铲除新教徒的途径》3)1703,5 Hymn to the Pillory《木枷颂》4)The Review《评论报》—a political and literary magazine5)代表作Robinson crusoe《鲁比逊漂流记》Captain Singleton 《辛格顿船长》Moll Flanders 《莫尔·弗兰德斯》Colonel Jacque《雅克上校》4. Richardson1)1740 Pamela《帕米拉》或者Virtue Rewarded:In a Series of FamiliarLetters from a Beaytiful Young Damsel to Her Parents—书信体形式Epistolary novels，a long tale2)1747-1748 Clarissa《克拉丽莎》—the best one3)1753-1754 Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯·格兰迪森爵士的历史》5. Fielding “ father of English Novel”英国小说之父1)1729-1737 26plays burlesques(滑稽剧) and dramatic satires(讽刺剧)1737年3月The Historical Register for the Year 1736《一七三六年历史纪事》2)1739 The champion《斗士》—a newspaper3)From 1742 4 novels（1）1742,2 Joseph Andrew《约瑟夫·安德鲁》（2）1743 Jonathan Wild the Great《大诗人江奈生·威尔德》—political satire （3）1749 Tom Jones 《汤姆·琼斯》—great novel（4）1751 Amelia《艾米利亚》—last novel4)1749-1750 as a magistrate地方法官，died in 1754,10.8 at Lisbon5)V oyage to Lisbon《里斯本航海日记》—unpublished6. Sheridan1)1775 The Rivals—first comedy, love affair2)1777 The School for Scandal—masterpiece, a great comedy of manners7. Sentimentalism（18世纪中期形成）1)Thomas Gray :neo-classicismIn 1716-1771 Elegy Written in the Country Churchyard《墓园挽诗》2)William Cowper （1731-1800）The Task《任务》— a long poem written in blank verse3) George Crabbe : a clergymanThe Village《乡村》—classical form in couplet4）James Thompson Seasons《四季》5）Edward Young Night Thoughts《夜思》6）William CollinsTo Simplicity《致简单》The Passions《激情》To Evening《致夜晚》8. Pre-Romanticism(18世纪后期)—against the bondage of ClassicismUshered引领人物：Percy，Macpherson，Chatterton1)Percy 1756 Reliques of Ancient English Poetry《英诗辑古》—folk songsand ballads, marks an epoch in the history of English poetry2)Macpherson 1762 Fingal《芬歌儿》—an epic3)Chatterton The Rowley Papers《罗利诗篇》Represented 代表人物：Blake，Burns1)William Black（1）1783 Poetical Sketches《诗歌素描》—first collection of poemsSpenserian stanza, blank verse, ballad form, lyric metres（2）1789 Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》--- The lamb（3）1794 Songs of Experience《经验之歌》（4）The Marriage of Heaven and Heal《天堂和地狱的结合》（5）1791 The French Revolution《法国大革命》（6）1793 Vision of the Daughters of Albion and America, a prophecy2)Robert burns Scottish poet（1）1876,7 Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect《苏格兰方言诗集》Farewell to Scotland《再见苏格兰》（2）Scottish folk songs for two anthologies: The Scots Musical Museun《苏格兰音乐汇总》和Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs《原始的苏格兰歌曲选集》（3）Poem: A Red, Red Rose《一朵红红的玫瑰》和Bruce at Bannockburn （4）革命主题诗歌：➢The Tree of Liberty《自由树》➢ A Revolutronary Lyric《一首革命抒情诗》➢The Slave’s Lament《奴隶怨》—sympathy➢The Toadeater《致谄媚者》—satire➢The Jolly Beggars《欢乐的乞丐》—humour and lightheartedness➢Auld Lang Syne《昔日时光》二：The Age of Romanticism(1798----1832) 18世纪末19世纪初期出现Liberty, equality, fraternity(自由、平等、博爱)1)浪漫主义代表人物（1）E dmund Burke 1790 Reflections on the Revolution in France（2）R adical writers（进步作家）：➢Thomas Paine 1791-1792 The Right of Man《人权》➢William Cobbett 1802-1835 Political Register《政治纪事周刊》（3）Prose（散文家）：Lamb，Hazlitt, De Quincey, Hunt（4）Novelist：Walter Scott 标志着从romanticism到realism（5）两大流派two schools:➢Elder generation of romanticists/escapist romanticists/ The Lake poem: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey➢Young generation of romanticists/active romanticists:Byron, Shelley, Keats2)Wordsworth 湖畔诗人（1）1789 with Coleridge Lyrical Ballads《抒情诗歌谣》（2）作品：★Lines written in the Early Spring《早春遣句》★To the Cuckoo《致杜鹃》★I wondered lonely as a Cloud《我如行云独自游》★My heart leaps up when I behold《我心荡漾》★Intimations of Immortality《永生颂》★Lines composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey《丁登寺杂咏》—lyrical hymn of thanks to nature★Lucy—poem, short pathetic lyrics between humanity and nature★The prelude《序曲》—1799-1805 autobiographical poem, in 14 books 3)Coleridge湖畔诗人（1）With Southey, The Fall of Robespierre— a poetical drama in three acts（2）1798 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子吟》—a long poem （3）1797 Kubla Khan《忽必列汉》— a dream-poem 54 lines（4）1797-1800 Christabel《克里斯塔贝尔》— unfinished（5）As a litreary critic(1808-1815) 文学评论家✧Notes and Letrures on Shakespeare✧Biographia Literaria, or Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions—1817 the most important prose work and literary authbiography4)Southey 湖畔诗人（1）1793 Joan of Are《圣女贞像》—an epic（2）1794 Wat Tyler《瓦特·泰勒》—a drama（3）1794 With Coleridge, The Fall of Robespierre— a poetical drama in three acts（4）1821 A vision of Judgement《审判的幻景》—a long poem（5）Short poems: The Inchcape Rock, The battle of Blenhein, My Days among the Dead Are Passed（6）As a prose writer : The Life of Nelson(1813) 《尼尔森的生活》（7）Poetical romances浪漫诗歌：只有4首★1801 Thalaba the Destroyer 《萨拉巴》★1805 Madoc《麦道克》★1810 The Curse of kehama《克哈马的诅咒》★1814 Roderick, the Last of the Goths《罗德克·最后的高斯人》5)Byron the Satanic School(撒旦派)（1）1807 Hours of Idleness《悠闲的时光》—first collection of poem（2）1809 English Bards and Scotch Reviewers—satire（3）1816 Songs for the Luddites《卢德者之歌》（4）1809 Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈尔德游记》—拜伦式英雄long poem （5）Narrative poem 叙事诗1813年Giaour，The Bride of Abydos，Lara1814年The Corsair oriental tales东方叙事诗1816年Parisina，The Siege of Corinth（6）lyrical poem 抒情诗：1815 Herbrew Melodies《希伯来歌曲》（7）Switzerland瑞士：Sonnet on Chillon, The Prisones of Chillon(1816,narrative poem), Manfred（a poetical drama）（8）文学成就：Childe Harold《恰尔德·哈尔德游记》Don Yuan《唐璜》—masterpieceCain 《该隐》—a poetical dramaThe Prophecy of Dante《但丁预言》The vision of Judgement《审判的幻景》6)Shelly the Satanic School(撒旦派)（1）1811 The Necessity of Atheism《无神论的必要性》—an anti-religious pamphlet （2）1812 Address to the Irish People《致爱尔兰人民》（3）Queen Mab《麦布女王》—first important poem（4）1818 The Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰反叛》（5）1819➢Masque of Anarcy《专制的假面游行》—allegorical poem➢Prometheus unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》—lyrical drama➢The Cenci《钦挚一家》—a historical tradgedy on Italian Subject（6）1819年后，写了大量的poems➢Peter Bell the Third《彼特·贝尔三世》—a dramatic satire➢Hellas《海勒斯》—a lyrical drama➢Adonais《阿多尼》—an elegy on the death of Keats➢A Defence of poetry《诗辩》—an essay（7）Love lyrics 爱情抒情诗➢Love’s Philosophy《爱的哲学》➢One Word Is Too Often Profaned《有一个字常被人亵渎》➢With a Guitar, to Jane《用一把吉他，献给简》➢The Indian Serenade《印度小夜曲》➢Ode to the west wind《西风颂》➢To a Skylark《致云雀》7)John Keats（1）1817 First collection of poem was published（2）1818 Endymion《恩底弥翁》—second book（3）Third and last volume—include Isabella《伊莎贝拉》，The Eve of St.Agnes 《圣阿格尼斯前夜》，Eamia《拉米亚》（4）Long poem长诗5部★Endymion《恩底弥翁》4000多行★Isabella《伊莎贝拉》/The Pot of Basil(based on Boccaccio’s Decameron)★The Eve of St.Agnes《圣阿格尼斯前夜》—narrative poem in Spensorian Stanzas★Emaia《拉米亚》—Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy★Hyperion《赫波里昂》—unfinished long epic in two fragments （5）Short poem短诗➢Sleep and porety《睡与诗》➢sonnets and odes✧Bright Star《灿烂的星》✧When I Have Fair《当我害怕时》✧Ode to Autumn《秋颂》✧Ode to Melancholy《忧郁颂》✧Ode on a Grecian Urn《希腊古瓮颂》✧Ode to a Nightingale《夜莺颂》8)Scott 历史小说之父“the father of history novels”（1）Three volumes三卷本(1802-1803)：Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border《苏格兰边区歌谣集》（2）Long poem★1805 The lay of the Last Minstrel—first long poem★1808 Marmion《玛米恩》★1810 The Lady of the Lake《湖上夫人》（3）Novel 1814 Waverley《威弗利》—first novel（4）Historical novel⏹Scotland✧1814 Waverley《威弗利》✧1815 Guy Mannering《盖曼钠令》✧1816 Old Morality《清教徒》✧1817 Rob Roy《罗伯·罗伊》✧1818 The Heart of Midlothian《爱丁堡监狱》⏹English✧1820 Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》—the most famous one✧1821 Kenilworth《肯纳尔沃思堡》✧1822 The Fortunes of Nigel《尼格尔的家产》✧1826 Woodstock《皇家猎官》✧1828 Peveril of the Peak《贝弗利尔·皮克》⏹Europe✧1823 Quentin Durward《昆延·达沃德》✧1823 St. Ronan’s Wells 《圣罗南之泉》—the only one tells hiscontemporary life三．Critical Realism批判现实主义1)English Critical Realism(流行于19世纪40年代、50年代早期) The Victorian Age(1831---1901)代表人物：Dickens，Thackeray, Brontes’ sisters, Elizabeth Gaskell, Eliot19th century realistic novels become“the epic of the bourgeois society”2）Dickens critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家（1）Sketches by Boz《博兹随笔》—first book on Cockeny characters伦敦人物（2）Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》—long novel（3）1838-1841 Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》, Nicholas Nickleby，The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》，Barnaby Rudge（4）1842 in America：American Notes《美国札记》，Martin Chuzzlewit （5）From 1844 in Frence and Italy●Novels of social criticism★Dombey and Son 《董贝父子》★David Copper field《大卫·科波菲尔》★Bleak house《荒凉山庄》★Hard Times 《艰难世事》★Little Dorrit《小杜丽》●Two weekly magazines★1850-1859 Household words《家常话》★1859-1870 All the Year Round《一年四季》（6）A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》—a historical novel of the French Revolution （7）Novels on contemporary theme: Great Expectations《远大前程》, Our Mutual Friend《我们共同的朋友》（8）1867-1868 in England: Edwin Drood《艾德温·德鲁德》—unfinished, his last work （9）1843-1848 5 Christmas Books The Hungry Forties◆ A Christmas Carol《圣诞欢歌》◆The Chimes 《钟声》◆The Cricket on the Hearth《炉边蟋蟀》◆The Battle of Life《人生的战场》◆The haunted Man《被折磨的人》3）Thackeray critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家（1）1833 The National Standard《立宪报》—a bourgeois radical newspaper （2）1842 Punch《笨拙》—humorous and satirical weekly（3）1846-1847 The Snobs of England《势利者集》—satirical sketches （4）1847-1848 Vanity fair《名利场》，副标题是：A Novel Without Hero 源自John Bunyuan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》（5）1849-1850 Pendennis《彭登尼斯》（6）1853-1855 The Newcomes《纽克姆一家》（7）Two historical novels★1852 Henry Esmond《亨利·埃斯德蒙的历史》★1859 The virginians《弗吉尼亚人》—Henry Esmond的续篇（8）Last year of life : Denis Duval—unfinished4）Jane Austen critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家6 novels:●Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》●Sense and sensibility《理智与情感》●pride and prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》1813年出版●Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德庄园》●Emma 《艾玛》●Persuasion《劝导》5）The Bronte Sister critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家19Th的小说是Female，三姐妹合出诗集Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell （1）Charlotte Bronte：Jane Eyre《简爱》,Shirley《谢利》，Villette《维莱特》（2）Emily Bronte：1847 Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》（3）Anne Bronte：Agnes Grey，The Tenant of the wildfell Hall6）George Eliot 真名：Mary Ann Evans（1）翻译了Feuerbach的The Essence of Christianity《宗教的本质》（2）The Westminster Review《威斯敏斯特评论》—as an assistant editor（3）Scenes of Clerical Life《教区生活场景》—first three stories for a magazine（4）Three remarkable novels:➢1859 Adam Bede 《亚当·贝德》➢1860 The Mill on the Floss《弗罗斯河上的磨坊》➢1861 Silas Marner《织工马南》（5）1863Romola《罗慕拉》—a historical novel（6）1866Felix Holt the Radical—a novel on political questions（7）1871-1872Middlemarch《米德尔马契》（8）1876 Daniel Deronda《但尼尔·狄隆达》四：The Victorian Age1) Tennyson 维多利亚时代最重要诗人Laureate Poet桂冠诗人，被葬在Westminster Abbey（1）1827 with brothers Poems by two brothers—a little volume（2）1830 first book in his on name Poem,Chrefly Lyrical《歌集》（3）1842 Poems《诗集》—in two volumes（4）Long poems after 1842★1847 The Princess《公主》—medley 杂集★1855 Maud《默德》—monodrama 单人剧★1859-1885 The Idylls of the King《国王叙事诗》—an epic of King Arthur（5）1850 In Memorian《悼念》—a collection of elegies（6）Crossing the Bar 《过沙洲》—death of his 81 years（7）Break, break ,break《冲击，冲击，冲击》2）Robert Browning 诗人，创造“Dramatic Monologue”戏剧独白（1）1833 Pauline 《波林》—first poem（2）1835 Paracelus《帕拉塞尔萨斯》（3）1837 Strafford《斯特拉福》—tragedy（4）1840 Sordello《索尔代洛》（5）1841 Pippa Passes《皮帕经过》—a dramatic poem（6）1841-1846 Bells and Poemgranates《铃铛和石榴》—a series of poems（7）1855 Men and Women《男人和女人》（8）1868-1869 The Ring and the Book《指环与书》—the most famous,2万行诗，12个dramatic monologue（9）Dramatic Lyrics《戏剧抒情诗》，Dramatic Romances《喜剧罗曼史》，Men and Women《男人和女人》，Dramatic Personae《戏剧人生》all use monologue（10）Short lyrics短篇抒情诗★Home Thoughts from Abroad《异国思乡》★The Pied Piper of Hamelin《哈曼林的风笛手》—a narrative poem for children★1889 Asolando《阿索兰多》—published on his death day3）Elizabeth Barrett(Mrs. Browning) 诗人（1）13岁The Battle of Marathon《马拉松战役》（2）1833 翻译了Prometheus Bound《被监禁的普罗米修斯》—Greek tragedy（3）1843 The Cry of the Children《孩子们的哭泣》（4）1847 Sonnets from the Portuguese《葡萄牙十四行诗》—lyrics（5）1851 Casa Guidi Windows《圭迪公寓的窗子》（6）1860 Poems before Congress《在大会以前写成的诗》4）Naturialism 自然主义20世纪后半期流行于欧洲，特别是法国和德国true to life George Gissing:★New Grub Street 《新格鲁勃街》★Charles Dickens：A Critical Study《查尔斯·狄更斯批评论》★The Private Paper of Henry Ryecroft《亨利·赖伊克罗夫特私信集》—part diary, part essays, part confessions, partly autobiographical5）Neo-Romanticism 新浪漫主义at the end of 19th centuryRobert Louis Stevenson:★1878 An Inland V oyage《内陆游记》★1879 Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes《骑驴旅行》★Essay of 3 volumes:➢Virginibus Puerisque《给少年男女》➢Familiar Studies of Men and Book《作家与作品随笔研究》➢Memories and Portraits《回忆与画像》★Treasure Island《宝岛》—romance entitled★Kidnapped《诱拐》，The Black Arrow《黑箭》，The Master of Ballantrae, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. hyde《化身博士》6）Aestheticism 唯美主义19世纪中叶在欧洲盛行（1）Walter Pater：scholar, critic, essayist★Studies in the History of the Renaissance《文艺复兴历史研究》—简称The Renaissance《文艺复兴》，是代表作★Marius the Epicurean《享乐主义者马里斯》—a philosophic novel★Imaginary Portraits《假面的肖像》★Appreciations《赏析篇》（2）Oscar Wilde：Irish poet, dramatist, novelist, essayist“aesthetic movement”美学运动代表人物主要理论是：为了艺术而艺术art for Arts’ sake★Poems《诗集》★Fairy stories童话故事：The Happy Prince and Other Tales《快乐王子》, A house of Pomegranates《石榴之屋》★ A collection of short stories短篇故事集: Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime and Other Stories《阿瑟·萨维尔勋爵的罪恶》★ A series of critical essays评论集: Intention《意向》★The only novel: The Picture of Dorian Gray《道林·雷格的画像》★ 4 comedies：➢Lady Windermere’s Fan《温德美尔夫人的扇子》➢ A Woman of No Importance《一个无足轻重的女人》➢An Ideal Husband《理想丈夫》➢The Importance of Being Earnest《认真的重要》★One tragedy：Salome《莎乐美》★ A prose work散文作品集：De Profundis《惨痛的呼声》★The Ballads of Reading Gaol《累丁狱之歌》—last work★An essay of social criticism: The Soul of Man Under Socialism 五．20世纪的英国文学1）Thomas Hardy自然主义小说家代表作：Tess of D’Urbervilles 《苔丝》Jude the Obscure《无名的裘德》Far From the Madding crowd《远离尘嚣》2）Bernard Shaw ：critical realist Novelist，dramaist代表作：Pygmalion《皮革马利翁》Window’s house《寡妇的房产》Major Barbar《巴巴拉少校》六：The twentieth Century------Modernism 现代主义The psychological Fiction心理小说（20世纪20、30年代）1）David Herbert Lawrence代表作：Sons and lovers《儿子和情人》The Rainbow《彩虹》Women In Love《恋爱中的女人》2）James Joyce 意识流主要表人物“stream of consciousness”代表作：Ulysses《尤里西斯》A Portrait of the Artist As A Young Man《一个青年艺术家的肖像》Dubliners《都柏林人》3）Virginia Woolf 意识流另一代表人物代表作：To The lighthouse《到灯塔去》，Jacob’s Room《雅各布的房间》The Waves《海浪》，Mrs Dalloway《达罗维夫人》。
英国文学总结(很好的)
1. Chaucer(1340-1400): The founder of English Poetry, and the founder of English realism, and buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets’Corner”. He was against Catholicism. Language: Middle English.代表作: The Canterbury Tales(1387-1400),其中有故事：Wife of Bath，owner of a cloth factory, lighthearted, merry, somewhat vulgar, and exceedingly talkative。
Married five times and expected to one or two more.2. Thomas More(1478-1535)代表作：Utopia, an ideal communist society, meaning “no place”. 全文分两部分，第一部分：a picture of contemporary England with forcible exposure of the poverty among the laboring classes, the greed and luxury among the rich, and an eagerness for war on the part of the rulers.第二部分：we have a sketch of an ideal commonwealth in some unknown ocean, where property is held in common and there is no poverty.3. Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)代表作：Tamburlaine(1587)-------帖木儿大帝The Jew of Malta(1592)----马耳他岛的犹太人Doctor Faustus(1588)-------浮士德重点介绍：The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, the hero is a young and brilliant scholar. Feature: an insatiable thirst for knowledge.影响力：1.show the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie;2.the theme of his plays is the praise of individuality, the conviction of the boundless possibility of human efforts in conquering the universe, and soaring aspiration after power and knowledge and beauty in their ideal forms. Marlowe：It is Marlowe who first made blank verse(rhymeless iambic pentameter) the principal instrument of English drama.4.Shakespeare: he was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon. And he died on April 23, 1616, buried in Stratford Church.一. The great comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night剧情介绍：it is a beautiful fairy-tale combined with the story of the struggle for happiness of two pairs of lovers: Hermia and Lysander, Helena and Demetrius. 特色：the most lyrical of all his plays, in which elements of Greek mythology and fancifully combined with those of British folklore.2. 威尼斯商人It is a “grave comedy”. It takes its plot from an Italian story. 人物：Bassanio borrowed money from Shylock, and Antonio is Bassanio’s friend. Portia is one of Shakespeare’s ideal women---beautiful, cultured, courteous and capable of rising to an emergency.3.As You Like It.人物：Frederick, Rosalind, Celia, Orlando, Oliver。
英国文学史--最全总结中英
盎格鲁撒克逊时代426—1066盎格鲁诺曼时代1066—1350Chaucder乔叟时代 1350—1485莎士比亚时代1564—1636清教徒时代 Puritan 1636—1660古典主义时代 1660—1744约翰逊时代 1744—1785浪漫主义时代1786—1832维多利亚时代 1832—1900现代第一章Anglo-Saxon （426—1066）旧约：上帝创世纪新约：耶稣古英语诗歌分为的世俗的1.Beowulf 史诗（三千行的长诗，关于英雄战绩的故事）2.文字来源于日耳曼系3.基督教的文学：瑞特文的故事Caedmon第二章Angol-Norman（1066—1350）中世纪英语：基督教义，自我拯救1.传奇文学---传奇的兴起Romances1）容：传奇好像现在的长篇，有诗，有散文唯一的描写古代的高贵的英雄所经历的冒险生活和恋爱故事。
2）产生：传奇文学完全是由中世纪的“骑士制度”(Chivalry)所产生的，骑士制度的精神产物就是传奇文学所以他们和平民丝毫没有关系，且平民也绝写不出这一类的文字。
3）分类：不列颠的事迹 the matter of Britain法国的事迹罗马的事迹第三章：乔叟的时代（1350—1458）背景：百年战争（The Hundred’s War）1.Geoffrey Chaucer：文艺复兴以前，英国文学界最伟大的人物。
The Canterbury Tales1）三个阶段：第一时期--早年—模仿法国简短的情歌和寓言第二时期—研究意大利文艺的时期第三时期—在文学上成功的时期，为他自己以国文写作的时期2）．近代诗人英文作家中，第一个以浪漫作风写男女日常生活的人3）.特点：反对迫害，反对禁欲，文艺复兴的报春者a他在英语上发明音调b他把英国中部的日常言语加以修改，以告成英文与英国文学。
c完美的音律，倾向于音乐化d 创设接近社会生活的作品；眼光思想都很广阔；音乐的眼光第四章：民间文学1．歌谣的来源：歌德Geothe说：民歌的价值，全在直接从“自然“中得到它的原动力。
英语专业英国文学总结
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、头韵体代表作：The Song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法【Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）和metaphor暗语understatement婉转表达】3、散文Bede比德Alfred二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、romance 传奇文学佚名诗人：代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗2、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期① the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父②heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)③代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)3、Langland 朗格兰Piers the plowman《农夫彼尔斯》4、Malory 马罗礼Le Morte D'Arthur亚瑟王之死5、Popular Ballads大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed 代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教代表作：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔三、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期十四行诗sonnet和对白体无韵诗（主体）1、key work: humanism 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement2、代表人物：（第一阶段）1)、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔Utopia 乌托邦Book two is more important2）、Wyatt 魏阿特1st man to introduce into England sonnet3)、Surrey 萨利1st man to reform sonnet/ to use blank verse/ to use sonnet series（二、伊莉沙白时代:)4)、Sidney 锡特尼（田园）阿斯特罗菲尔与斯黛拉Astrophel and StellaApology for poetry 诗辨（人文主义、文学批评）5）Spenser斯宾塞（田园）poet's poet① The Faerie Queene仙后(epic poem 史诗) The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历② Amoretti爱情小唱Epithalamion婚后曲Colin Clouts Come Home Againe柯林•克劳特回来了Foure Hymnes四首赞美歌6）、Lyly 李雷Euphues 尤菲倚斯7)、Marlowe马洛（戏剧）Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧（代表作）desire for knowledgeTamburlaine帖木耳大帝desire for powerThe Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人desire for moneyblank verse(无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。
英国文学总结
British and American Literature ReviewBritish LiteratureI. Old English LiteratureBeowulf：national epicII．Middle English Literature1.Medieval English LiteratureGenerally refers to the literature written in the Middle English Period (1066-1485), from the date of the Norman Conquest, up until the 1480s.2. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the greatest of Middle English literature The Canterbury Tales. Geoffrey Chaucer is called as the founder of English poetry.3. Heroic Couplet（英雄双韵体）:refers to lines of iambic pentameter which rhyme in pairs: aa, bb, cc, and so on.The adjective “heroic” was applied in the later seventeenth century because of the frequent use of such couplets in heroic poems and dramas. This verse form was introduced into English poetry by Geoffrey Chaucer.III English Renaissance1. Renaissance: is an intellectual movement sprung first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. This movement is characterized by a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and humanism, the new feeling of admiration for human beauty and human achievement.2. The English Renaissance ：The English Renaissance was dated from the early 16th century to the early 17th century, which is associated with the pan-European（全欧洲的）Renaissance. This era in English cultural history is sometimes referred to as "the age of Shakespeare" or "the Elizabethan era."In this period, poets such as Edmund Spenser and John Milton produced works that demonstrated an increased interest in understanding English Christian beliefs; playwrights, such as William Shakespeare, composed theatrical representations of the English life and history; philosophers like Sir Thomas More and Sir Francis Bacon published their own ideas about humanity and the aspects of a perfect society.3.Sonnet: a poem, properly expressive of a single, complete thought, idea, or sentiment, of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, with rhymes arranged according to one of certain definite schemes. A common English sonnet is composed of 3 quatrains followed by a couplet.4. Shakespearean Sonnet is English sonnet or Elizabethan sonnet, a verse form containing fourteen lines. In English sonnet these lines are always iambic pentameters with rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg.In Shakespeare's sonnets, the first twelve lines rhymed alternately, and the last two rhyme together.5. William Shakespeare(1564 – 1616) ：Was the greatest of British literary figure born in the Elizabeth I era. He completed 38 plays, 2 narrative poems and 154 sonnets. Hamlet, King Lear, Othello and Macbeth are his famous tragedy plays.6. Comment on:---Sonnet 18It’s poem in iambic pentameter of 3 quatrains followed by a couplet with abab cdcd efef gg rhyme scheme.The poet introduces an unchanging beauty, likened to summer, which dims in comparison to the beauty of the youth. With a glimpse of the youth's 'summer', his beauty, readers are left in awe of someone so undeniably beautiful. The youth's beauty is frozen in the framework of the poem and is immortalized.IV．17th Century English Poets and Adventure Fictions1. Important literary figures:⏹John Donne (metaphysical school*)⏹John Milton (epic and sonnet)2. The metaphysical poets:a group of British lyric poets(with John Donne as the most famous) of the 17th century, who shared an interest in metaphysical concerns and a common way of investigating them. Their style was characterized by wit, subtle argumentations, "metaphysical conceits",and/or an unusual simile or metaphor.(Georg Lukács, the Hungarian Marxist critic, described the school's common trait of "looking beyond the palpable" and "attempting to erase one's own image from the mirror in front so that it should reflect the not-now and not-here" as foreshadowing existentialism. )The Flea⏹---by John Donne⏹---a flea symbolizing love that needs to be taken good care and that is fragile( silly andsarcastic tone)⏹---strange metaphor common for the metaphysical poets---rhyme pattern: aabbccddd3. John Milton (1608-1674)⏹three great poems:--- Paradise Lost (1667); Paradise Regained (1671); Samson Agonistes (1671) (poetic drama)4. Daniel Defoe(1660 – 1731;)⏹Robinson Crusoe⏹--Plot⏹--Characterization⏹--Theme : praising labor and man’s courage and effort to conquer nature⏹--Style : journalistic5. Jonathan Swift (1667 –1745)⏹--Gulliver‘s Travels⏹Broadly, the book has three themes:1. a satirical view of the state of European government, and of petty differences between religions.2. an inquiry into whether men are inherently corrupt or whether they become corrupted.3. a restatement of the older "ancients versus moderns" controversy.V．Romanticism1.Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution. It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature, and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature.⏹The movement stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience,placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation(恐惧) and aw2、R omanticism in British literature is associated with the poets WilliamWordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The publication of Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 marked the beginning of British Romanticism which ended in 1832 with the death of Sir Walter Scott. Lyrical Ballads sought to reject Augustan poetry in favor of more direct speech derived from folk traditions.3. Literary figures of British Romanticism⏹*William Wordsworth (*“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud)⏹*Percy Bysshe Shelley（*Ode to the West Wind）(1) William Wordsworth"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"is written by William Wordsworth in iambic tetrameter. It expressed the full impact of the daffodils' beauty on the author. When he's feeling lonely, dull or depressed, he thinks of the daffodils and cheers up.(2) Percy Bysshe Shelley---One of the major English Romantic poets and is critically regarded among the finest lyric poets in the English language. He is most famous for such classic anthology verse works as Ode to the West Wind, To a Skylark, and The Masque of AnarchyPercy Bysshe Shelley---One of the major English Romantic poets and is critically regarded among the finest lyric poets in the English language.⏹Ode to West Wind written by Percy Bysshe Shelley begins with three cantos describingthe wind's effects upon earth, air, and ocean. In the last two cantos Shelley speaks directly to the wind, asking for its power, to lift him like a leaf, a cloud or a wave and make him its companion in its wanderings. He asks the wind to take his thoughts and spread them all over the world so that the youth are awoken with his ideas.⏹The west wind in the poem signifies the great revolution force which can destroy allexisting vices in human world.⏹Structure：The poem Ode to the West Wind consists of five cantos(篇、诗章) 。
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英国的文学复习资料1 Old and medieval period中古时期的文学1 The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)The Story of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》：the poetry represents the highest achievement of the old english.2 The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章romance 传奇文学代表作：《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight》高文爵士和绿衣骑士是一首押头韵的长诗3 Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟12、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：《the Canterbury Tales 》坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。
小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。
4 Popular Ballads 大众民谣 a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记)Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上).歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔2、The Renaissance 文艺复兴时期的文学(14世纪到16世纪中期) （Greek and Roman）戏剧drama 诗章canto总述：The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences. English literature developed with a great speed in Elizabethan period. The most distinctive achievement is the drama.the lyrical poetry(抒情诗)also develops and is remarkable for its variety and freshness and romantic feelings.文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。
戏剧发展最为明显，抒情诗也发展较快以其多样，新鲜和浪漫的感情著称。
(文艺复兴，斯宾塞诗体，夸饰文体p104)1、key work: humanism 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement代表作家诗歌poem1) Thomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特sonnet(十四行诗)：form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵) in 14 lines iambic pentameter2) sir Philip Sidney 菲利普锡德尼爵士1554-1586英格兰诗人《Astrophel and stella 》爱星者与星《apology for poetry》诗辩3) Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞《The Fairy Queen》仙后(epic poem 史诗) 《the Shephearde's calendar》牧羊人日历散文prose1) Thomas More 托马斯莫尔1478 -1535 《utopia》乌托邦：ideal society2) Francis Bacon 佛朗西斯培根，1561-1626英国散文经典《essays》随笔3) John Lyly 约翰黎里英国1553-1606 《eupheus》尤弗伊斯euphuism 夸饰文体戏剧drama1) Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.马洛blank verse(无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。
He was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare and the most gifted of the "university wits"大学才子，he first made blank verse the principle instrument of english drama.his works paved the way for the plays of the greatest english dramatist :Shakespeare2）William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚1564-1616莎士比亚是英国文学史上最具影响力的作家，也是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的剧作家，他将英国戏剧创作推向顶峰，他主张戏剧不受三一律：the three unities束缚，他的十四行诗代表着伊丽莎白时期诗歌创作的最高成就，围绕友情和爱情两个方面，采用抑扬格五音部lambic pentameter.在他22年创作生涯中，共有37戏剧，154 十四行诗和两首长诗。
Hamlet(哈姆雷特)，Othello(奥赛罗)，King Lear(李尔王)，The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)》仲夏夜之梦《as you like it》皆大欢喜《merchant of Venice》威尼斯商人《the twelfth n ight》第十二夜3) ben Johnson 本琼森1572-1637 《Volpone》狐狸3 the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟文学特点：the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。
玄学metaphysical和骑士派cavalier poets代表人物：诗人1)、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿a great poet 诗人（poem 诗歌blank verse 无韵诗stylist 文体作家）《Defense for the English People》为英国人辩护Paradise Regained》复乐园《samson agonistes》力士叁孙、2)、John Donne 约翰.多恩“metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的创始人物sonnet 十四行诗《Death be not proud》死亡你别骄傲《a valediction:forbidding mourning》分别：莫忧伤3）George Herbert 乔治赫伯特1593-1633of god它被称为玄学派圣人，最虔诚的英国国教牧师，认为诗人应该歌颂神的荣耀《the altar》祭坛《easter wings》复活节的翅膀散文家1）John Bunyan 约翰.拜扬a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory(寓言)”the Bible,his language is easy to read ,colloquial ,and concise.the form of his writing is allegorical,realistic and true to life班扬是清教徒时期地位最高的散文家，文风仿照圣经，简单生动，语言口语化，简洁易懂，写作采用寓言的形式，忠于生活《the Pilgrim’s Progress》天路历程该书采用的写作手法“written in the old-fashioned(旧体形式), medieval form of allegory(比喻) and dream” 主旨：every Christian has to take in his inner heart a journey in order to be saved.4 The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪) 启蒙运动1特点、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope.强调正确的格式和写作规范，像艾迪生一样创作散文，和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。
The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism. 启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。
about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点；论证了人生诚实而友善，而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致。