学术英语课程论文格式

学术英语课程论文格式
学术英语课程论文格式

云南大学

大学英语课程论文课程: 学术英语(读写)

论文题目: (英文题目) (中文题目)

学院

专业

学生姓名学号

班级 2016秋素选课名册序号

指导教师得分

2016年 12 月

An Analysis of the Accounting Thoughts

in the Republic of China

Abstract

On the basis of the historical literatures and the opinions historians and accounting scholars, this paper attempts to arrange some remarkable characteristics about accounting thoughts during the Republic of China. Then the thesis evaluates its historical contribution and gives some lessons on the current accounting system through historical analysis. Because accounting work during the period of Republic of china was frequent, there are little monographs or articles about the accounting thoughts during that time and the elaboration is fragmented, too. Nevertheless, the study on the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China is propitious to hold the objective laws and historical references of the evolution of accounting thoughts and explore the orientation of the development of future accounting. Due to the limited time and space, the essay is restricted to a simple analysis of its features and experience More researches focusing on analyzing the details are need to be done in the future.

Key words: the Republic of China, accounting thoughts, accounting history

I. Introduction

With the rapid development of economy, accounting has been put into full play in social-economic region. As an important component of accounting theories, the history of accounting thoughts is attached increasing attention. According to Guo(1999) and Liu(2005), "accounting thoughts" The history of accounting thoughts can reveal the objective law of its evolution, as well as the relationship between accounting thoughts and accounting practice. Therefore, accounting thoughts should be researched from the historic and evolutionary perspective.

Currently, the study on the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China lacks systematization. The Republic of China has its historic position in Chinese accounting

history, by reason that in this period government accounting system of modern China has been established in an all-around way. Summing it up is advantageous to advanced accounting thoughts and ideas, guiding directions of accounting practice and give historic reference for the ever-growing accounting business.

Through collecting and arranging literature, it turns out that the monographs and articles about the government accounting thoughts are lacking and the elaboration is fragmented, too. Therefore, taking the time sequence of accounting thoughts evolution as a clue, the paper divides the Republic of China into two periods (the Northern Warlord Government period and the Nanjing National Government period) to recapitulate the main features and experience of the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China.

Ⅱ. The basic profile of the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China The Revolution of 1911, led by Dr Sun Yat-sen, abolished the feudal monarchy and gave birth to the Republic of China. A thousand things waited to be done and all the modern political and economic systems were in their formative period. Under these circumstances when so much was in flux, the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China had not only historical inheritance but also unique progress.

The Northern Warlord Government was incompetent, affected by tangled warfare among warlords domestically and oppressed by imperialism internationally. There was no doubt that the development of accounting thoughts would be dragged down by the troublous political environment and backward economic management style. Nevertheless, based on the buds of improving accounting in the late Qing Dynasty, the accounting thoughts had a certain vitality. More specifically, the Northern Warlord Government took a page from the western capitalist countries’book and tried to relieve the financial crisis by governmental accountancy reform. And the government authorized the intellectuals to formulate the first accounting law in Chinese history, which marked the beginning of the legalization of Chinese accounting.

In the reign of Nanjing National Government, the accounting thoughts developed rapidly and accountancy was improved by a large margin. It furthered the thoughts of

legalizing accounting that the Nanjing National Government carried out improvement works to organizational system, restructuring and accounting method. Owing to the patriotic intellectuals’ great effort, various circles of accounting learned and introduced overseas advanced accounting theories and methods in order to improve accountancy. The accounting thoughts in this period were very active. And the most striking feature was the bitter disputes among accounting scholars, in which they drew on each other’s merits and raised the level of Chinese accounting together.

Ⅲ. The main feature of the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China Firstly, the accountancy had been placed on a preliminary legal and regular track, especially the formulation of accounting law. At the same time, various provisions of unifying accounting were implemented in succession. The Nanjing National Government promulgated and executed some advanced system such as transcendental accounting and unifying accounting, which certified for the improvements of Chinese accounting.

Secondly, the mind of unifying accounting reached the broad consensus. Whether governments or patriotic intellectuals realized that the loose accounting regulations and the situation of national disunity severely hindered the implementation of financial budget and final accounts. Therefore, the accounting subjects, accounting vouchers, account books and accounting reports were unified successively in the field of government accounting, bank accounting, railway accounting and so forth.

Thirdly, increasingly importance has been attached to the combination of accounting theory and accounting practice. The argument between improvement and reformation in accounting circle prompted thousands of industrial and commercial enterprises to participate in this innovation movement of Chinese accounting actively or passively. The two factions both concentrated on accounting business and practice, made accounting firms as the camps, relied on accounting education and publication, which contributed a lot to the close link between accounting theory and practice.

Fourthly, the dissemination of western accounting theories in China had a

profound influence. The two governments both followed the lead of western capitalist countries so as to construct their finance accounting organization systems and improve governme nt’s accounting methods. The Numerous scholars either translated and compiled foreign accounting works or presented foreign accounting systems and theories in their own dissertations and literatures. In the meanwhile, some scholars clearly sensed that when learning from western countries, the conditions and historical traditions of China should be abode by.

IV. The historical experience of the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China First and foremost, the systematization, standardization and legalization of accounting play the security role. From macro’s angle, perfecting the accounting principle and system can ensure good governance and minimize the risks of improper conduct and corruption. From micro's angle, strengthening the awareness of responsibility and quantifying the legal liability also effectively prevent companies and accountants from cutting every imaginable corner.

In the next place, practicality and operability laid the cornerstone for the development of accounting theories. The neoteric accounting reform movement improved Chinese accounting’ theory system as well as method system and accelerated the engagement of these two. Hereafter, surpassing the traditional accounting theory, the double-entry bookkeeping and formula of debit and credit were accepted by most businesses made a great deal of progresses in research and application fields. The accounting practices, economy and management levels have been greatly promoted.

In addition, the excellent accounting talents are one of the main motive forces of accounting development. A large contingent of accounting workers and intellectuals in the Republic of China initiated and laid the foundation for the development and progress of Chinese accounting. Nowadays, the cultivation of accounting talents should be actively brought into the long-term and normalized system. The favorable public opinion towards developing accounting talents and the flow mechanism of accounting talents should also be established gradually. These will give an enormous

impetus to the national strength and the domestic economic growth.

Besides, the accounting communication among countries, accounting in good faith, accounting education and publication are also important.

V. Conclusion

Because of the invasion of foreign imperialism and the incompetence of the Northern Warlord government, the accounting thoughts were restricted and developed slowly. But in the National government period, the accounting thoughts entered a rapid development. The western advanced accounting thoughts introduced by the government, a series of accounting reform movements launched by patriotic intellectuals and the fierce debates among accounting scholars all promoted the development of accounting. When summing up the objective laws of the development of accounting thoughts, we should learn from its experience, including accelerating the construction of Chinese accounting law, strengthening the communication and cooperation, establishing the consciousness of accounting honesty and credit, and improving the accounting education.

References

[1] A. C. Littleton. Accounting Evolution to 1900. New York: Garland Publishing

Incorporation, 1988.

[2] Man Chand Maloo. Theory of Evolution of Accounting Ideas. S. Chand &

Company Limited, 1984.

[3] Paul Garner. Evolution of Cost Accounting to 1925. Tuscaloosa: The University of

Alabama Press, 1976.

[4] Yang Ju-MEI. Goodwill and Other Intangibles, Their Significance and Treatment

in Accounts. New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1927.

[5] 高治宇(Gao Zhiyu). 中国会计发展简史. 河南:河南人民出版, 1985.

[6] 郭道扬(Guo Daoyang). 中国会计史稿. 武汉:中国财政经济出版社, 1988.

[7] 刘常青(Liu Changqing). 中国会计思想发展史. 成都:西南财经大学出版社,

2005.

[8] 赵友良(Zhao Youliang). 中国近代会计审计史. 上海:上海财经大学出版社,

1996.

英语专业大四课程论文格式

青岛农业大学 (宋体二号) 本科生课程论文 (宋体一号加粗) 论文题目多媒体辅助英语教学研究 (宋体3号) 学生专业班级英语2007级3班 学生姓名(学号)李XX 20073171 指导教师潘桂荣 完成时间2009. 12. 8 二OO九年十二月八日

外国语学院英语专业课程论文格式要求 题目字居中On Wordsworth and Emerson’s Conception of Nature (加粗Times New Roman小三空一行) Y u Lianjun(Times New Roman加粗四号) Class 2, 2007, Foreign Languages School, Qingdao Agricultural University (加粗Times New Roman小四号空一行) Abstract:(加粗Times New Roman小四号)The mid-20th century has brought with it many significant changes and progresses in the study of language.(Times New Roman小四号) Key words(加粗Times New Roman小四号):Changes; Progresses; Study;Language(Times New Roman小四号空一行) 华兹华斯和爱默生对大自然的不同理解(宋体四号空一行) 摘要(加粗宋体小四号):本文旨在通过对华兹华斯和爱默生诗歌的比较和分析来理解两人对于自然不同的把握。(宋体小四号行距20磅) 关键词(加粗宋体小四号):自然;超验主义之自然;消极心态;个人主义(宋体小四号空一行) 1. Introduction(加粗Times New Roman四号,不用单独一页,接在关键词后) The mid-20th century has brought with it many significant changes and progresses in the study of language.(Times New Roman小四号行距20磅) 2. Wordsworth’s Conception of Nature(Times New Roman四号) 2.1 Wordsworth’s Living Backgrounds(Times New Roman四号) The mid-20th century has brought with it many significant changes and progresses in the study of language.(Times New Roman小四号行距20磅) 2.2 Instruments(Times New Roman四号) In the 19th century, romanticism prevailed as the literary mainstream throughout the European continent. William Wordsworth (1770-1850) was one of the pioneers in the romanticist movement.(Times New Roman小四号行距20磅) 3. Conclusion (Times New Roman四号) (参考文献和上文之间空一行)

中英文论文对照格式

英文论文APA格式 英文论文一些格式要求与国内期刊有所不同。从学术的角度讲,它更加严谨和科学,并且方便电子系统检索和存档。 版面格式

表格 表格的题目格式与正文相同,靠左边,位于表格的上部。题目前加Table后跟数字,表示此文的第几个表格。 表格主体居中,边框粗细采用0.5磅;表格内文字采用Times New Roman,10磅。 举例: Table 1. The capitals, assets and revenue in listed banks

图表和图片 图表和图片的题目格式与正文相同,位于图表和图片的下部。题目前加Figure 后跟数字,表示此文的第几个图表。图表及题目都居中。只允许使用黑白图片和表格。 举例: Figure 1. The Trend of Economic Development 注:Figure与Table都不要缩写。 引用格式与参考文献 1. 在论文中的引用采取插入作者、年份和页数方式,如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This在论文中的引用采取作者和年份插入方式,如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This problem has been studied previously (Smith, 1958, pp.20-25)。文中插入的引用应该与文末参考文献相对应。 举例:Frankly speaking, it is just a simulating one made by the government, or a fake competition, directly speaking. (Gao, 2003, p.220). 2. 在文末参考文献中,姓前名后,姓与名之间以逗号分隔;如有两个作者,以and连接;如有三个或三个以上作者,前面的作者以逗号分隔,最后一个作者以and连接。 3. 参考文献中各项目以“点”分隔,最后以“点”结束。 4. 文末参考文献请按照以下格式:

英文论文格式要求

英文论文格式要求 (2009-01-08 10:03:39) 转载▼ 分类:外文期刊知识 标签: 教育 论文发表 期刊投稿 学术论文 很多老师可能想发英文论文,但是不知格式如何调整,一般英文期刊格式都是国际上的APA 格式,鉴于以前曾在英文期刊工作过,所以在此贴出格式要求,这样老师们在投稿前整理妥当,通过率也高一些。要知道,您若是直接投到国外编辑部邮箱,他们是不会帮您整理的哦。其实无论是学术期刊投稿,还是其他生活类,时尚类等通俗期刊投稿,整齐的稿件格式,专业的排版,全角半角选择正确,没有词汇语法错误,都会让编辑们有赏心悦目的感觉,忍不住要多看一眼您的文章。编辑也是人啊,不要把稿件扔过去就完事了,编辑每天要干的事情非常多,你说你懒,编辑会说,对不起我更懒。 不多说废话,在此贴出格式: 英文论文APA格式 英文论文一些格式要求与国内期刊有所不同。从学术的角度讲,它更加严谨和科学,并且方便电子系统检索和存档。 版面格式

表格 表格的题目格式与正文相同,靠左边,位于表格的上部。题目前加Table后跟数字,表示此文的第几个表格。 表格主体居中,边框粗细采用0.5磅;表格内文字采用Times New Roman,10磅。

举例: Table 1. The capitals, assets and revenue in listed banks 图表和图片 图表和图片的题目格式与正文相同,位于图表和图片的下部。题目前加Figure后跟数字,表示此文的第几个图表。图表及题目都居中。只允许使用黑白图片和表格。 举例: Figure 1. The Trend of Economic Development 注:Figure与Table都不要缩写。 引用格式与参考文献 1. 在论文中的引用采取插入作者、年份和页数方式,如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This在论文中的引用采取作者和年份插入方式,如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This problem has been studied previously (Smith, 1958, pp.20-25)。文中插入的引用应该与文末参考文献相对应。 举例:Frankly speaking, it is just a simulating one made by the government, or a fake competition, directly speaking. (Gao, 2003, p.220). 2. 在文末参考文献中,姓前名后,姓与名之间以逗号分隔;如有两个作者,以and连接;如有三个或三个以上作者,前面的作者以逗号分隔,最后一个作者以and连接。 3. 参考文献中各项目以“点”分隔,最后以“点”结束。 4. 文末参考文献请按照以下格式:

前沿学术英语论文题目参考

前沿学术英语论文题目参考 学术英语即专家学者、教授学生在学术论文研究与写作中使用的英语,学术英语具有科学严谨性,用词考究,论文写作中应避免英语口语化。接下来跟着小编一起来看看学术英语论文题目有哪些。 1、浅议系统功能语言学理论指导下的英语专业学术论文摘要的翻译 2、“教学学术”视角下开放大学英语教师专业发展的思考 3、课程生态需求分析模式下的“学术英语”课程定位 4、CBI理论视域下学术英语读写教学研究 5、基于微课的通用学术英语写作课翻转课堂教学模式设计与实践 6、基于课堂读写任务的学术英语写作引用特征研究 7、基于语类的英语学术论文写作教学路径研究--以“文献综述”写作教学为例 8、基于需求分析学术英语教学模式 9、学术英语阅读能力的界定与培养 10、学术英语的词块教学法研究 11、英语专业本科毕业论文学术失范现象的成因与对策 12、浅析批判性思维下大学学术英语课程模块的构建

13、关于中文学术期刊使用英语的规范性问题 14、医学学术英语口语课程构建的探索 15、学术英语写作中词汇衔接探究 16、学习者学术英语写作中的引用行为研究 17、浅探理工院校学术英语改革实践 18、学术论文写作中的英语负迁移现象研究 19、学术英语写作教学体系的构建与实践 20、学术英语口头报告对批判性思维的影响探究 21、“学术读写素养”范式与学术英语写作课程设计 22、中国高校学术英语存在理论依据探索 23、学术英语教育对大学生就业的影响研究 24、学术道德教育和学术英语能力一体化培养 25、非英语专业研究生学术英语交际能力现状与对策研究--以延安大学为例 26、关于研究生学术英语教学定位研究 27、理工科学术英语视野下的批判性思维能力培植 28、面向学术英语的实验平台建构与探索 29、学术英语有效教学 30、学术英语写作课程环境下的写前计划效应探究 31、元话语视角下英语学术论文中的转述动词与语类结构研究 32、基于自建语料库的学术英语中语块结构的研究 33、以学术英语为新定位的大学英语教学转型问题的对策研究

英语学术论文写作课程论文

外国语学院英语系 英语学术论文写作课程论文 题目:The Correlation between English Majors’ English Learning Motivation and Their Learning Strategies 姓名: 学号: 班级:2011级6班 日期: 2013年12月 评 语

成绩 教师签名:

Contents Abstract (i) 摘要 (ii) 1.Introduction (1) 1.1 Background of the Study (1) 1.2 Significance of the Study (2) 1.3 Purpose of the Study (2) 1.4 Overview of the Thesis (2) 2.Literature Review (3) 2.1Research on English Learning Motivation (3) 2.1.1 Definition of ELM (3) 2.1.2 Classification of ELM (4) 2.1.2.1 Integrative Motivation and Instrumental Motivation (4) 2.1.2.2 Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation (5) 2.1.2.3 The Relationship between the Two Motivational Dichotomies.6 2.2 Research on English Learning Strategies (6) 2.2.1 Definition of ELS (7) 2.2.2 Classification of ELS (7) 2.3 Research on the Relationship of English Learning Motivation and English Learning strategies (10) 3. Methodology (11) 3.1Question.... . (11) 3.2 Subjects (12) 3.3 Instruments (12) 3.4 Data Collection (13) 3.5 Data Analysis (13) 4.Results and Discussion (13) 4.1 Results from ELM Questionnaire (13) 4.2 Results from ELS Questionnaire (16)

英文版通用学术英语论文格式样张

英文版通用学术英语论文格式样张 封面页

主要内容页 The Researches on Rs Method for Discrete Membership Functions ---------------subtitle(副标题12号字加黑右对齐) (空一行) ZHANG Xiaoya, LI Dexiang (题目14号字加黑居中) School of Management, Dalian University, P.R.China,116622 (10 号字居中) yuanfengxiangsheng@https://www.360docs.net/doc/7417477467.html, (10号字加黑) (空一行) Abstract Mizumoto used to advance a fuzzy reasoning method ,Rs, which fits the…… Key words IDSS, Fuzzy reasoning,……号字) (空一行) 1 Introduction (一级标题12号字加黑) We know that the approaches of implementation of intelligent decision support systems(IDSS)have become variable……(正文均用10号字) (空一行) 2 An Example According to the definition of Rs, we can construct the fuzzy relation matrix, as shown in table 1 Table 1 A Fuzzy Relation Rs (9号字加黑居中) U2U3 U10.00 0.10 0.40 0.70…… 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 …… 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 ……(表中用9号字) .….. ………………… (空一行)Figure 1 Functions of……(9号字加黑居中) 3 The Improved Method (空一行) 3.1 Method one (二级标题10号字加黑) ………… 3.1.1 Discussing about method one (三级标题10号字) ………… (空一行) 3.2 Method two…………

封面及中英文扉页填写说明-学术型硕士

电子科技大学 UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA 硕士学位论文 MASTER THESIS (电子科技大学图标) 论文题目中继增强蜂窝网络中无线资源分配 技术的研究 学科专业通信与信息系统 学号200620101010 作者姓名 XXX 指导教师毛玉明教授

分类号密级 UDC注1 学位论文 中继增强蜂窝网络中无线资源分配技术的 研究 (题名和副题名) XXX (作者姓名) 指导教师毛玉明教授 电子科技大学成都 (姓名、职称、单位名称) 申请学位级别硕士学科专业通信与信息系统 提交论文日期2012.09.15论文答辩日期2012.11.20 学位授予单位和日期电子科技大学2012年12月27日 答辩委员会主席 评阅人 注1:注明《国际十进分类法UDC》的类号。

RESEARCH ON KEY TECHNIQUES OF RADIO RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN RELAY-ENHANCED CELLULAR NETWORKS A Master Thesis Submitted to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Major:Communication and Information Systems Author: X XX Advisor:Professor Mao Yuming School : School of Communication & Information Engineering

英语学术论文写作实践作业

英语学术论文写作实践作业 作者 系(院)外国语学院 专业英语 年级2xxx级 学号 写作意向 旅游的快速发展以及随着中国融入全球化经济,中国与世界各国的交流不断增多,例如,加入WTO、2008年北京成功举办奥运会及上海世博会等,这些显示了中国在国际舞台上扮演越来越重要的角色。近些年来,越来越多的国家希望了解中国,许多外国朋友纷至沓来。特别是中国旅游风景名胜区,每年接待的外国游客越来越多。为了方便外国友人,我国旅游景区就必须提供英语景点导游词。旅游景点导游词主要指的是旅游景区公开和面对旅游者的告示、指示、提示、警示、标示等文字及图形信息,涉及到食、宿、行、游、娱、购等日常生活的方方面面。在旅游景区内,游客最为集中,与旅游宣传册、地图、宣传单等相比,景点导游词更加引人注目集中,更加直截了当地发挥其信息指示功能。由于旅游景点导游词需要及时满足的是社会公众和旅游者的直接社会、行为和心理需求,也反映了生活在这个社会群体的整体文化素质、道德修养和精神面貌,是一个国家对外交流水平和人文环境的具体体现。因此其翻译质量将会响到游客的旅游线路、兴致、感受及印象,进而间接影响我国旅游业的发展。因此,对旅游景点导游词的特点、翻译策略进行探讨具有一定的现实意义。 资料的初步整理 对于英语景点导游词,许多中外学者都做出自己的研究,提出自己的观点。以下是中外学术界的众多研究和观点。 蔡媛媛(2007)《英语景点导游词的语言特点》一文中指出,英语景点导游词具有相应的功能特点。(1)指示性。指示性景点导游词主要是提供给公众一些信息服务,没有任何限制或强制在内,同时也不强制要求公众采取任何行动,其功能只是指示服务内容。因此,指示性景点导游词也被称为指导性或引导性景点导游词。这也是景点导游词最基本、最主要的功能。例如:One Way (单行线)、Tickets (售票处)、Department Store (百货商场)。(2)提示性。提示性景点导游词提示性景点导游词提醒公众注意某些事情,同时提示性景点导游词也并不针对特殊或个别人群。这类景点导游词应用非常广泛,通过提示性景点导游词可以了解什么该做什么不该做,但是这种提示性景点导游词并不具有强制性,公众可根据实际情况来选择执行或不执行。例如:Caution!Radiation(当心射线)、Watch Your Hand(当心夹手)、Don’t Touch(请勿手扶)。(3)限制性。限制性景点导游词对有关公众提出限制或约束的要求,希望有关公众为了大众的利益遵守一定的规则。多数情况下限制性景点导游词语气较为直接,一目了然,但不会让人感到强硬、粗暴或无理。例如:Athletes Only (运动员专用通道)、Large Vehicles Keep Right (大型车靠右)。(4)强制性。强制性景点导游词对有关公众有较大约束力,要求有关公众必须或不得采取任何行动或严格遵守规则。这类景点导游词的语言直接、强制,没有任何商量的余地。例如:No Parking (禁止停车)。 上面是学者对景点导游词特点的研究,对于翻译,颜莉(2008)《英语景点导游词的文体特点及汉英翻译》一文中说到,在进行景点导游词的汉英翻译前,应先了解英语景点导游词的文体特点,这样才能更加准确地将汉语景点导游词译为地道的英语表达方式。代博君(2010)在《景点导游词的语言特征及翻译策略》一文中指出,景点导游词的翻译应属于实用翻译,也称语用翻译。法国翻译理论家Jean Delisle 将语用翻译界定为:运用语用学知识对语用文

英语电影赏析课程论文

An Analysis to Some Movies Linked With Disaster 英语0805班帅凌08050523 Disaster films based on the human catastrophe caused by the natural disasters. General rendering thrilling disaster, to stimulate the audience's fear, and some performance out of the way to disaster and defeat or avoid the disaster of wisdom, or to promote rescue and other non-rational religion.Their typical features are large casts and multiple plotlines, and focus on the characters' attempts to avert, escape, or cope with the aftermath of the disaster. One major character, several minor characters, and scores of extras typically die before the story is resolved. The disaster film genre revived, briefly, in the mid-1990s—perhaps because new special effects techniques made more spectacular disasters possible. The first film in this new trend was the 1996 Michael Crichton-penned film Twister, followed in the same year by Independence Day merged a science fiction alien invasion plot from the 1950s with disaster film conventions (most notably, from Earthquake). Also in 1997 the epic James Cameron film Titanic was released, which combined the disaster genre in the sinking of the ship and the romance genre with the relationship between the main characters. Disaster films have reappeared periodically in the 21st century. In 2003, The Core featured a disaster resulting from the "stalling" of Earth's

英语论文格式

英文科技论文写作是进行国际学术交流必需的技能。一般而言,发表在专业英语期刊上的科技论文在文章结构和文字表达上都有其特定的格式和规定,只有严格遵循国际标准和相应刊物的规定,才能提高所投稿件的录用率。 撰写英文科技论文的第一步就是推敲结构。最简单有效的方法即采用IMRaD形式(Introduction,Materials and Methods,Results,and Discussion),这是英文科技论文最通用的一种结构方式。 IMRaD结构的逻辑体现在它能依次回答以下问题: Introduction(引言):研究的是什么问题? Materials and Methods(材料和方法):怎样研究这个问题? Results(结果):发现了什么? Discussion(讨论):这些发现意味着什么? 按照这个结构整体规划论文,有一个方法值得借鉴,即剑桥大学爱席比教授提出的“概念图”。首先在一张大纸上(A3或A4纸,横放)写下文章题目(事先定好题目很重要),然后根据IMRaD的结构确定基本的段落主题,把他们写在不同的方框内。你可以记录任何你脑海中闪现的可以包括在该部分的内容,诸如段落标题、图表、需要进一步阐述的观点等等,把它们写在方框附近的圈内,并用箭头标示它们的所属方框。画概念图的阶段也是自由思考的阶段,在此过程中不必拘泥于细节。哪些东西需要包括进文章?还需要做哪些工作,是找到某文献的原文,还是补画一张图表,或者需要再查找某个参考文献?当你发现自己需要再加进一个段落时就在概念图中添加一个新框。如果你发现原来的顺序需作调整,那就用箭头标示新的顺序。绘制概念图的过程看似儿童游戏,但其意义重大,它可以给你自由思考的空间,并通过图示的方式记录你思维发展的过程。这便是写论文的第一步:从整体考虑文章结构,思考各种组织文章的方法,准备好所需的资料,随时记录出现的新想法。采用这个方法,不论正式下笔时是从哪一部分写起,都能够能做到大局不乱。 英文科技论文的基本格式包括: Title-论文题目 Author(s)-作者姓名 Affiliation(s) and address(es)-联系方式 Abstract-摘要 Keywords-关键词 Body-正文 Acknowledgements-致谢,可空缺 References-参考文献 Appendix-附录,可空缺 Resume-作者简介,视刊物而定 其中正文为论文的主体部分,分为若干章节。一篇完整的科技论文的正文部分由以下内容构成: Introduction-引言/概述 Materials and Methods-材料和方法 Results-结果 Discussion-讨论 Conclusions-结论/总结 下面对科技论文主要构成部分的写法和注意事项进行详细介绍。

学术期刊论文标准格式

学术期刊论文标准格式 1 、题目 中文题名一般不超过20 个汉字,必要时可加副题名。文章应附英文题名。 2 、作者及其工作单位 中国作者姓名的汉语拼音采用如下写法:姓前名后,中间为空格。姓氏的全部字母均大写,复姓应连写。名字的首字母大写,双名中间加连字符;名字不缩写。例:zhao ling (赵灵), 文章应标明所有作者的工作单位,包括单位全称、所在省市名及邮政编码,以便于联系和按地区、机构统计文章的分布;单位名称与省市名之间应以逗号分隔。整个数据项用圆括号括起。英文文章和英文摘要中的作者工作单位还应在省市名及邮编之后加列国名,其间以逗号分隔。例: (华中电力集团公司,湖北武汉430027) 3 、摘要 切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要;一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。用第三人称。不必使用" 本文"、"作者"等作为主语。缩略语、略称、代号,除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外,在首次出现时必须加以说明。 4 、关键词

一般每篇文章可选3~8 个关键词。多个关键词之间应以分号分隔,以便于计算机自动切分。中、英文关键词应一一对应。 5、参考文献 参考文献著录项目:① 主要责任者(专著为作者而非译者)。多个责任者之间以","分隔,注意在本项数据中不得出现缩写点". "(英文作者请将作者名写 全)。主要责任者只列姓名,其后不加"著"、"编"、"主编"、"合编"等责任说明。②文献题名及版本(初版省略)。③文献类型及载体类型标识。④ 出版项(出版地、出版者、出版年)。⑤ 文献出处或电子文献的可获得地址。⑥ 文献起止页码。⑦ 文献标准编号(标准号、专利号)。 各类参考文献条目的编排格式及示例如下: 专著、论文集、学位论文、报告 [序号]主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页 码(任选). [1] 刘国钧,陈绍业,王凤翥.图书馆目录[m]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 1957.15-18. 期刊文章 [序号]主要责任者. 文献题名[j]. 刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码. [5] 何龄修.读顾城《南明史》[j].中国史研究,1998,(3):167-173.

学术英语课程论文格式

云南大学 大学英语课程论文课程 : 学术英语(读写) 论文题目:(英文题目) (中文题目 ) 学院 专业 学生姓名学号 班级2016秋素选课名册序号 指导教师得分 2016 年 12月

An Analysis of the Accounting Thoughts in the Republic of China Abstract On the basis of the historical literatures and the opinions historians and accounting scholars, this paper attempts to arrange some remarkable characteristics about accounting thoughts during the Republic of China. Then the thesis evaluates its historical contribution and gives some lessons on the current accounting system through historical analysis. Because accounting work during the period of Republic of china was frequent, there are little monographs or articles about the accounting thoughts during that time and the elaboration is fragmented, too. Nevertheless, the study on the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China is propitious to hold the objective laws and historical references of the evolution of accounting thoughts and explore the orientation of the development of future accounting. Due to the limited time and space, the essay is restricted to a simple analysis of its features and experience More researches focusing on analyzing the details are need to be done in the future. Key words: the Republic of China, accounting thoughts, accounting history I. Introduction With the rapid development of economy, accounting has been put into full play in social-economic region. As an important component of accounting theories, the history of accounting thoughts is attached increasing attention. According to Guo(1999) and Liu(2005), "accounting thoughts" The history of accounting thoughts can reveal the objective law of its evolution, as well as the relationship between accounting thoughts and accounting practice. Therefore, accounting thoughts should be researched from the historic and evolutionary perspective. Currently, the study on the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China lacks systematization. The Republic of China has its historic position in Chinese accounting

【推荐】英语专业标准论文格式要求-word范文 (2页)

【推荐】英语专业标准论文格式要求-word范文 本文部分内容来自网络,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议请及时联系,本司将予以删除 == 本文为word格式,简单修改即可使用,推荐下载! == 英语专业标准论文格式要求 格式是否规范是一篇英语论文的主要判断标准之一,规范英语学术论文的格式,使之与国际惯例接轨,无论对于我们进行英文文章写作还是进行国际学术交流都具有重要意义。 本文以人文学科英语论文格式为参考,概述美国教育学术界常用的论文格式规范。 一、英语论文的标题 一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:dr./prof.c.prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:english 734或british novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。 就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为2.5cm,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐,并留出2.5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。 二、英语论文提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有ⅰ应有ⅱ,有a应有b,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

学术英语教学大纲知识讲解

学术英语教学大纲

《学术英语》(Academic English)教学大纲 一、课程的任务和目的 《学术英语》(Academic English)是南昌大学非英语语专业本科生第四学期进入提高阶段英语课程学习必修的一门I类通识课,以应对新时期大学英语教学的发展方向和新形势下我国人才培养目标对高等教育提出的新的要求。 本课程的教学目的在于提高大学生的学术英语能力及专业英语水平,拓展学生人文内涵和学科内涵,以内容为依托,提高学生英语水平和综合文化素养,为学生借助英语拓展各自专业发展提供条件,使他们达到用英语表达知识,用英语交流文化的更高要求,以适应我国社会发展和国际交流的需要。希望通过学术英语教学与学生所学专业相结合,为学生毕业后直接使用英语从事本专业工作,或者继续深造学习、进行学术研究以及参加学术活动打下坚实基础。 二、课程内容与基本要求 基本要求:各课程适合完成大学基础英语课程,达到一般要求的学生。课程完成后希望具备在专业学习和研究上运用英语的能力。 主要课程内容:培养学生参加英语作为教学语言的专业课程和专业讲座、用英语查阅本专业的文献资料、撰写文献综述和小论文、口头陈述和演示科研成果以及参加学术讨论的能力。主要是培养学生在专业学习上运用英语的能力,以及学术批判能力和解决实际问题的能力。 主要教学内容分为三大块:

第一,以课本教材为基础的语言教学;第二,学生根据自己的专业背景和学术兴趣选定研究课题,结成小组团队,围绕项目进行资料搜索,每个学生必须完成和自己项目相关的一定数量的文献资料阅读,分阶段完成论文的各个部分,最后每人提交1200词左右的小论文作为项目成果;第三,小组另选一个与课文主题相关的话题进行演示陈述作为口头成果。 三、教学方法与手段: 课程主要采用以项目为依托的教学(research/project-based)方法:学生根据自己的兴趣,通过团队合作方式,确定各自的研究课题和小论文题目。围绕这个项目进行一系列学术技能的教学。 课程还采用课堂教学和课外自主学习相结合的方式,学生需要查阅大量的课外学习材料及网络教学平台的教学材料,以进一步巩固所学学术英语的知识和技能,自主完成各项教学任务。 课程充分运用先进的多媒体网络等现代化教育技术,采用全方位、立体化的多媒体教学手段,提高教学效率和教学质量。 四、对学生能力培养的要求 阅读:主要围绕课文,教授如何通过文章结构、主题句等来快速汲取文章信息的能力,学习学术英语的表达规范,了解专业领域的术语并加强正式文体的语感。输入材料由3—4篇1000一1500词的文章组成。

英语专业课程论文

《学术论文写作》 课程论文 题目:与“羊”相关的中英文习语 专业:英语 学生姓名:学号: 课程序号:3245 编号:36 完成时间:2011 年 6 月 成绩: 教师签名:

Idioms Related to Sheep in English and Chinese Abstract: Language and culture are interwoven with each other, as an important part in idioms, animal idioms reflect the cultural characters distinctively in both Chinese and English, and have rich expressiveness. This paper focuses on sheep related idioms, and discuss sheep’s image, economic, religion, and history reflecting in idioms. The purpose is to better understand cultural elements and meanings of idioms and improve intercultural communicative competence. Key words: Animal Idioms; Sheep; Cultural Characters 与“羊”相关的中英文习语 摘要:语言和文化是密不可分的,作为习语中的一个重要组成部分,动物习语鲜明地体现了汉语与英语语言的文化特色,并具有丰富的表现力。本文从与羊有关的习语入手,探讨羊的形象、经济、宗教和历史在习语中的映射,更好地了解其文化因素及意义,提高跨文化交际能力。 关键词:动物习语;羊;文化特色

2014级英语学术论文格式要求及附录

2014级“学术英语论文”格式要求及样板 (具体样板在文末附录中) 一、英语研究论文组成: 1.封面;(英文、中文标题); 2.介绍; 3.正文; 4.结论; 5.参考文献 二、具体格式要求说明:(全文用A4纸打印) 第一页:封面(样本见附录)。中英文题目字体要求:标题1、小二、加粗、居中;字号:英文Times New Roman,中文宋体;作者和指导教师上下排列,字体:小二、加粗、居中;字号:英文Times New Roman; 第二页起:论文部分,从Introduction到Conclusion不再按章节分页(样本见附录):英文采用Times New Roman字体,小四号字。各部分标题加粗。从本页起在页尾用数字居中标注页码,小五号,Times New Roman字体 每章节标题下的正文部分第一段开头顶格,以下的段落开头缩进4 个空格。两端对齐;最后页:Bibliography(参考文献)(样本见附录):应包括主要的参考资料来源、书籍、刊物、网址等。 学术英语论文参考文献格式要求 英文论文中的英文参考文献和中文参考文献分别归类排列,英文的排在前,中文的排在后。英文的参考文献按作者姓名的英文字母顺序排列,无明显作者的英文参考文献(如某些词典、辞书、百科全书)则按书名的英文字母顺序排列。中文的参考文献按作者姓名的拼音字母顺序排列,无明显作者的中文参考文献按书名拼音字母顺序排列。参考文献在第一行写不完的,第二行缩进4个字符。注意标点与空格。 1.著作类(Books) 格式:作者的姓名,书名,出版地,出版单位和出版年份。 Format: Author’s last name, given name, Title. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. 1)1)独立作者 Fairbanks, Carol. Prairie Women: Images in American and Canadian Fiction. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986. 2) 同一作者两本以上的参考书 Fairbank, John K. China Perceived: Images and Policies in Chinese-American Relations. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974. ______ China Watch. Cambridge & London: Harvard University Press, 1987. 3)3)同一作者两本以上同年出版的参考书 Newmark, Peter A. Approaches to Translation. London: Prentice Hall International Ltd., 1998a. ______ Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International Ltd., 1998b. 4) 同一本书有两作者 Grayling, A.C. & Whitfield, Susan. China: A Literary Companion. London: John Murray, 1994. 5)同一本书有三位作者以上者 Edens, Walter. et al. Teaching Shakespeare. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977. 6) 书的主编 Hall, David. ed. The Oxford Book of American Literary Anecdotes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981. 7) 机构作者A Book by a Corporate Author

相关文档
最新文档