2005年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案解析
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, __1__ this is largely because, __2__ animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are __3__ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, __4__ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, __5__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __6__ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of __7__ human smells even when these are __8__ to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, __9__ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate __10__ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send __11__ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell __12__ can suddenly become sensitive to it when __13__ to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it __14__ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can __15__ new receptors if necessary. This may __16__ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not __17__ of the usual smell of our own house, but we __18__ new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors __19__ for unfamiliar and emergency signals __20__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A] even if[B] if only[C] only if7. [A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9. [A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A] sure[B] sick[C] aware18. [A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attent ion to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de W aal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy o r depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased p eople’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national”doesn’t have to mean that. “National”could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for anational list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency wouldstrengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national”mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended afederal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increasefaster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risensince 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, startingwith an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobbybetter that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it. Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not aneasy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2005年考研英语真题答案Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
厦门大学 生科院 生物化学真题2005
厦门厦门大学大学2005年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题招生方向招生方向：：水生生物学水生生物学、、生化与分子生物学生化与分子生物学考试科目考试科目：：生物化学477477研究方向研究方向：：一、填空题填空题（（每空1分，共30分）1、乳糖是由一分子____和一分子____组成，他们之间通过____键相连。
2、脂肪的碱水解过程产物称为_____。
3、采用透析和超滤方法来使蛋白质和其他小分子物质分开，是根据的什么特性？______4、蛋白质的内源荧光主要来自于____和___两种氨基酸。
5、当蛋白质疏水侧链折叠到分子内部时，环境中水的熵____。
6、通常球状蛋白质的侧链位于_____分子内部，侧链位于_____分子表面。
7、按国际酶学委员会的规定，每一种酶都有一个唯一的编号，碱性磷酸酶的编号时EC3.1.3.1，EC 代表___，第一个数3代表____。
8、酶活性中心包括____和____两个功能部位，分别决定酶的____和____。
9、双链DNA 热变性OD260值____；单链DNA 热变性OD260值____.10、Watson-Crick 提出的B-DNA 双螺旋结构的螺距为____，相邻两个核苷酸之间的夹角为____。
11、实验室常用____方法测定DNA 含量，用___方法测定RNA 含量。
12、杀粉蝶菌素作为呼吸链上____类似物，能够阻断呼吸链。
13、生物合成主要由____提供还原能力。
14、葡萄糖的无氧分解只能产生__分子ATP，而有氧分解可以产生__分子ATP。
15、痛风是因为体内____产生过多造成的，使用____作为黄嘌呤氧化酶的自杀性底物可以治疗痛风。
16、褪黑激素来源于____氨基酸，而硫磺酸来源于____氨基酸。
二、选择题选择题（（每题1分，共30分）1、下列哪种糖不具有还原性？A、麦芽糖B、异麦芽糖C、乳糖D、蔗糖2、一些抗菌素可以作为离子载体，这意味着它们：A、可以干扰细菌细胞壁的合成B、对细胞膜有一个类似于去垢剂的作用C、增加了细胞膜对特殊离子的通透性D、抑制转录和翻译3、要将膜蛋白分子完整地从膜上溶解下来，可以采用：A、蛋白酶B、透明质酸酶C、脂肪酶D、去垢剂4、下列物质中，不是高能化合物的是：A、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸B、1，3－二磷酸甘油酸C、磷酸肌酸D、葡萄糖－6－磷酸5、肌肉组织中肌肉收缩所需的能量主要是以哪种形式储存？A、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸B、ATPC、磷酸肌酸D、G TP6、催化氨基酸转氨作用的酶称为转氨酶，其辅酶是A、NAD+B、磷酸吡哆醛C、生物素D、黄素单核苷酸7、下列哪种方法可得到蛋白质的“指纹”图谱？A、酸水解，然后凝胶过滤B、用胰蛋白酶水解，然后竞选纸层析或纸电泳C、彻底碱水解并用例子交换层析测定氨基酸的组成D、用2，4－二硝基氟苯处理蛋白质。
2005年硕士研究生入学考试及答案
目录1.05年北师大物理类各方向2.05年长光所3.05年东南大学4.05年中科大5.05年南京大学6.05年华中科大7.05年吉林大学（原子所）8.05年四川大学（原子与分子）9.05年北京理工10.05年河北理工11.05年长春理工北京师范大学2005年招收硕士研究生入学考试试题专业:物理类各专业科目代号:459研究方向:各方向考试科目:量子力学[注意]答案写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。
1.(20分)一个电子被限制在一维谐振子势场中，活动范围求激发电子到第一激发态所需要的能量（用ev表示）（，，）提示：谐振子能量本征函数可以写成2.（30分）一个电子被限制在二维各向同性谐振子势场中（特征频率为）。
（1）写出其哈密顿量，利用一维谐振子能级公式找到此电子的能级公式和简并度。
（2）请推导电子的径向运动方程。
并讨论其在时的渐近解。
提示：极坐标下3．（50分）两个质量为的粒子，被禁闭在特征频率为的一维谐振子势场中，彼此无相互作用（此题中波函数无须写出具体形式）：（1）如果两个粒子无自旋可分辨，写出系统的基态（两个都在自己的基态）和第一激发能级（即一个在基态，另一个在第一激发态）的波函数和能量（注意简并情形）。
（10分）（2）如果两个粒子是不可分辨的无自旋波色子，写出系统的基态和第一激发态的能量和波函数。
如果粒子间互作用势为，计算基态能级到一级微扰项。
（15分）（3分）如果两个粒子是不可分辨的自旋1/2粒子，写出基态能级和波函数（考虑自旋）。
如果粒子间互作用能为，计算基态能量。
（15分）（4）同（3），解除势阱，两个粒子以左一右飞出。
有两个探测器分别（同时）测量它们的y方向自旋角动量。
请问测量结果为两电子自旋反向的几率是多少？（10分）4．（30分）中心力场中电子自旋与轨道角动量存在耦合能。
总角动量，是的共同本征态。
现有一电子处于态，且。
（1）在一基近似下，可用代替，请问电子的能量与态差多少？（2）请计算该电子产生的平均磁矩，并由此计算在z方向均匀磁场B中电子的能量改变多少？（），当，，当，5．（20分）一个定域（空间位置不动）的电子（自旋1/2）处于z方向强磁场中。
2005年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
2005年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题招生专业：企业管理考试科目：经济学经济学理论一、问答题1．用图形说明平均总成本、平均变动成本和边际成本的变动关系。
（13分）2．什么是科斯定理？科斯定理对解决外部性的理论意义和实践意义是什么？（13分）3．在蒙代尔－弗莱明模型中，可变汇率制下宏观经济政策的作用如何？请画图分析。
（14分）二、论述题1．对比分析完全竞争与垄断模型对资源配置的有效性（要有画图分析），简要说明该理论在经济生活中的实践意义。
（20分）2．什么是自动均衡的价格机制？举例分析货币市场中的宏观总量是如何实现自动均衡的。
（20分）企业管理理论三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1．你认为人员配备在管理当中应处于什么位置，起什么作用？2．简述决策的概念及影响决策科学性的因素并举例说明。
3．简述控制工作与计划、组织、人员配备和领导职能关系。
4．简述组织文化的内容和功能。
四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1．试述在组织运行中需要处理好哪些关系？如何处理？2．试述古典管理理论的三个主要代表人物提出的管理理论的基本观点，并说明每种理论对管理发展的主要贡献？参考答案天津财经大学2005年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题招生专业：企业管理考试科目：经济学经济学理论一、问答题1．用图形说明平均总成本、平均变动成本和边际成本的变动关系。
答：（1）平均总成本AC是厂商在短期内平均每生产一单位产品所消耗的全部成本，它等于平均不变成本和平均变动成本AVC之和；边际成本MC是厂商在短期内增加一单位产量时所增加的总成本。
在短期内的总成本中，由于有一部分要素是固定不变的，所以，边际成本随着产量的变动，只取决于变动成本的变动量。
下图是平均总成本、平均变动成本和边际成本的曲线图。
CMCACAVCO Q平均总成本曲线、平均变动成本曲线和边际成本曲线（2）三者的变动关系①平均变动成本和平均总成本的变动关系平均总成本是平均不变成本和平均变动成本之和，而平均不变成本是单位产量平均消耗的不变成本，是固定值。
西安交通大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
西安交通大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：管理学基础科目编号：430考试时间：1月23日下午一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1．提出“官僚行政组织”理想模型的学者是（）A．法约尔B．马克斯·韦伯C．明茨伯格D．麦格雷戈2．美国管理学家孔茨认为，一个主管人员至少应具有的三大基本技能是（）A．技术能力、人际交往能力、概念能力B．技术能力、学习能力、人际交往能力C．人际交往能力、学习能力、概念能力D．概论能力、学习能力、技术能力3．“不存在最佳的组织方式”，该论断属于以下哪一理论的核心含义？（）A．科学管理理论B．管理科学理论C．行为管理理论D．权变理论4．吴总经理出差二个星期才回到公司，许多中层干部及办公室人员，马上就围拢过来。
大家站在那里，七嘴八舌一下子就开成了一个热烈的自发办公会，有人向吴总汇报近日工作进展情况，另有人向吴总请求下一步工作的指示，还有人向吴总反映公司内外环境中出现的新动态。
根据这种情况，你认为下述说法中哪一种最适当地反映了该公司的组织与领导特征？（）A．链型沟通、民主式管理B．轮型沟通、集权式管理C．环型沟通、民主式管理D．全通道网络沟通、集权式管理5．某公司人力资源部在公司的快速发展时期，为公司人力资源的开发利用做出了重要贡献。
有人说，这在相当程度上得益于人力资源部前几年在内部进行了较细致的专业分工，从而使有关人员可以快速熟悉专业，提高业务水平。
但近来公司领导发现该部门工作效率和工作质量出现了一定的滑坡，许多成员不满于单调乏味的工作。
对此，你认为最好采取下列哪一措施？（）A．严格内部规章制度，以改善工作作风和工作态度B．调整该部门领导班子，促其改变当前的工作面貌C．以工作丰富化为原则，进行工作和职务再设计D．调整该部门的工作目标，将部门职能分解出去6．组织设计最为重要的基础工作是：（）A．部门划分与结构形成B．人员调配C．分配职权D．工作设计与分析7．相对于高层管理者而言，中层管理者在时间的分配上（）A．虽然领导活动所占的比例上升，但组织职能所占的比例下降B．虽然领导活动所占的比例下降，但组织职能所占的比例上升C．不仅领导活动所占的比例上升，而且组织职能所占的比例上升D．不仅领导活动所占的比例下降，而且组织职能所占的比例下降8．某总经理把产品销售的责任委派给一位市场经营的副总经理，由其负责所有地区的经销办事处，但同时总经理又要求各地区经销办事处的经理们直接向总会计师汇报每天的销售数字，而总会计师也可以直接向各经销办事处经理们下指令。
河海大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
河海大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：管理学一，填空（共五小题，每小题满分8分）1．管理程序学派的管理定义中，认为任何管理人员都需完成﹍﹍﹍﹍，﹍﹍﹍﹍，﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍，﹍﹍﹍﹍，﹍﹍﹍，且认为管理关系到﹍﹍﹍﹍意指﹍﹍﹍﹍与﹍﹍﹍﹍。
2．西方古典管理理论的代表人物主要有﹍﹍﹍﹍，﹍﹍﹍﹍，﹍﹍﹍﹍，他们的代表理论则分别是﹍﹍﹍﹍，﹍﹍﹍﹍，﹍﹍﹍﹍。
3．管理科学学派提倡﹍﹍﹍﹍准则下的﹍﹍﹍﹍决策。
而决策论学派则主张的是﹍﹍﹍﹍准则下的﹍﹍﹍﹍决策。
4．儒家的管理模式是﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍，其社会组织化方式则是﹍﹍﹍﹍和﹍﹍﹍﹍5．所谓的“7S架构”，就是用作企业组织的七种要素，它们是﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍。
二，阅读理解（满分35分）我们把管理人员为完成管理任务当作从事的实际管理工作正为管理实务，按是否具有明确的管理程序和操作步骤，可以把管理实务区分为程序性和非程序性管理实务.根据管理学派的观点，管理的基本程序就是由管理职能机构成的程序，这个程序是：计划－组织－人事－领导－控制，该学派认为管理的基本程序是架构一切管理活动的基础，或者说是任何管理活动都少不了的管理程序。
然而面对复杂多变，动态无序的社会现象，过分强调按程序的常规管理是不现实的，人们容易胜任常规管理，但经常不能有效地处理突发问题也不会利用面临的机会，所以管理人员是否具有胜任工作能力的考验，大部分来自对上述情况的有效处理，这时候，因无理可依，无章可循，管理人员大都只能根据头脑所储存的知识（主要是经验）过去处理类似问题的现成模式，按其独有的思维方式，工作方式进行工作我们把这些无明确工作程序，较多地凭借个人所掌握的知识――主要是经验，带有强烈个体特征的管理实务工作称之为非程序性管理实务我们把这些无明确工作程序,桥读的凭借个人所掌握的支持政府要是经验带有强烈客体特征的管理实务工作称之为非程序型管理实务。
GCT_2005年考试真题及答案(整理好的,可直接打印)
2005年硕士专业学位研究生入学资格考试试卷第一部分语言表达能力测试（50题，每题2分，满分100分）一、选择题1．下面各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是：A．乐此不彼密云不雨墨守成规循规蹈矩 B．靡靡之音诲人不倦漫不经心循循善诱C．坚守自盗杀鸡儆猴出人头地力挽狂澜D．投机取巧骇人听闻目不瑕接龙潭虎穴2．下列加点字的释义全都正确的是A．失宠（偏爱）韬（显示）光养晦老骥伏枥（马槽）B．爽（失）约马革（皮）裹尸作茧自缚（捆绑）C．舞蹈（顿足）既往不咎（过错）悲天悯（怜惜）人D．龌龊（肮脏）不知端倪（头绪）臭（难闻的）味相投3．下没有语病的一句是A．“费改税”能否遏制住愈演愈烈的乱收费现象，这对农村工作是个考验。
B．亚健康状态，往往受到无规律的生活和沉重的学习工作压力而引起。
C．一听说有盛夏的免费音乐节，许多的附近居民早早就赶来，等待观看。
D．就反腐败这样一个国际性的顽疾来说，“公开”是最有效的一剂良药。
4．下面各句中，语意明确、没有歧义的一句是A．据外电报道，昨日新加坡一油轮起火爆炸。
B．小李见老王把他的书撕了，便揪住老王让他赔。
C．几个公司的领导对这个调整方案意见不一，争执不下。
D．工作组来我县调查的前三天，整个县城就己沸沸扬扬。
5．对下面这段话使用的修辞手法分析不当的一项是风是调皮的小男孩，抓把土抛到空中，趁机扯乱女孩子的长发；风是年老的画家，一味选灰色调，造出黄昏的画面；风是不高明的小偷，溜进屋时弄响了门，逃走时还在窗上留下了脚印。
A．这段话使用了拟人的修辞手法。
B．这段话运用了三个长度、句式风格相近的句子，这是排比的修辞手法。
C．这段话使用了明喻，分别把风比作“小男孩”、“年老的画家”、“小偷”。
D．这段话中几种修辞方法结合得不露痕迹，恰到好处。
6．下面这首古诗描述了我国民间一个传统节令的景象，这个节令是中庭地白树栖鸦，冷露无声湿桂花。
今夜月明人尽望，不知秋思落谁家？A．重阳 B．七夕 C．中秋 D．元宵7．下面表述不正确的一项是A．13世纪的《马可·波罗行记》是最早较系统地向欧洲介绍中国的一部游记。
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析日常问候用语是考生必须熟练运用的知识，这与考生的口语操练有很大关系。
说促进听，是许多英语学习者的心得。
而且日常问候要视人而定，如英国人见面谈天气，美国人见面问身体等。
下面作详细介绍：1.问候类(Greetings)英语中的问候用语非常繁多，正式的通常有：How do you do?(初次见面通常用语)How are you?(比较熟悉的人之间用语)How are you getting along with...?(你近来...可好?)How are you doing?(您工作还顺利吧?)How is everything?(一切还好吧?)How is your vacation/holiday(s)/Christmas Day/weekend?(假期怎么样?)当今美国社会流行口语用语，大致有：What's up?(近来可忙?)Hello?Hi?What's going on?(近来可好?)How is life?How is it going?anything new?Pleased to meet you again!对以上问候的对答通常有How do you do!Fine!Thank you，and you?Every is fine!I'm just great!Very(quite)well，thank you!Couldn't be better，thank you!Not bad!Can't complain!Just so so.值得一提的是，随着美语越来越广泛地渗透，听力中用美语朗读且以美国社会为背景的题材的趋势愈加明显。
考生要注意日常口语对话，及时吸取信息，将对听力有很大的帮助。
请看下面的对话：A：Good morning, Ms Lucy. This is Betty, can you still remember me?B：Betty? Is it really? Surely I remember you. You are my good friend, and I haven??t seen you for ages, but how are you?A：Fine, I??m just fine, Ms Lucy...2.告别类(Farewell)有聚总有散。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2005年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
一、名词解释
1均衡产量和均衡价格
2收支相抵点和停止营业点
3消费者物价指数和国内生产总值价格指数
4总需求曲线和长期总供给曲线
5生命周期假说和永久收入假说
二、判断
1石油价格上升,随着时间的推移,石油需求会越来越缺乏弹性
2收益报酬递减规律意味着MPL曲线没有递增区间
3根据经济理论,就业歧视产生工资差别
4政府税收增加会使总需求曲线向右移动
5货币乘数等于货币供给与基础货币的比率
三、简答
1序数效用论者是如何推导需求曲线的
2试说明垄断产生的原因
3试推导LM曲线并说明使LM曲线移动的因素
4试说明新古典经济模型的缺陷
5边际效用论者是如何解释钻石与水之谜的
四、论述
1寡头垄断市场有哪些特征?古诺模型是如何说明寡头厂商的产量的?斯威齐模型是如何解释寡头厂商价格刚性现象的?
2在固定汇率制和失业条件下,若存在国际收支逆差,运用IS-LM-BP模型说明如何运用宏观经济政策?。