D395 压缩永久变形测试 中文版
d395橡胶压缩永久变形特性试验方法
Designation:D395–02Standard Test Methods forRubber Property—Compression Set1This standard is issued under thefixed designation D395;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1These test methods cover the testing of rubber intended for use in applications in which the rubber will be subjected to compressive stresses in air or liquid media.They are applicable particularly to the rubber used in machinery mountings,vibra-tion dampers,and seals.Two test methods are covered as follows:Test Method Section A—Compression Set Under Constant Force in Air7–10B—Compression Set Under Constant Deflection in Air11–14 1.2The choice of test method is optional,but consideration should be given to the nature of the service for which correlation of test results may be sought.Unless otherwise stated in a detailed specification,Test Method B shall be used.1.3Test Method B is not suitable for vulcanizates harder than90IRHD.1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:D1349Practice for Rubber—Standard Temperatures for Testing2D3182Practice for Rubber—Materials,Equipment,and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized Sheets2D3183Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from Products2D3767Practice for Rubber—Measurement of Dimensions2 D4483Practice for Determining Precision for Test Meth-ods Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries2E145Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens33.Summary of Test Methods3.1A test specimen is compressed to either a deflection or by a specified force and maintained under this condition for a specified time and at a specified temperature.3.2The residual deformation of a test specimen is measured 30min after removal from a suitable compression device in which the specimen had been subjected for a definite time to compressive deformation under specified conditions.3.3After the measurement of the residual deformation,the compression set,as specified in the appropriate test method,is calculated according to Eq1and Eq2.4.Significance and Use4.1Compression set tests are intended to measure the ability of rubber compounds to retain elastic properties after pro-longed action of compressive stresses.The actual stressing service may involve the maintenance of a definite deflection, the constant application of a known force,or the rapidly repeated deformation and recovery resulting from intermittent compressive forces.Though the latter dynamic stressing,like the others,produces compression set,its effects as a whole are simulated more closely by compressionflexing or hysteresis tests.Therefore,compression set tests are considered to be mainly applicable to service conditions involving static stresses.Tests are frequently conducted at elevated tempera-tures.5.Test Specimens5.1Specimens from each sample may be tested in duplicate (Option1)or triplicate(Option2).The compression set of the sample in Option1shall be the average of the two specimens expressed as a percentage.The compression set of the sample in Option2shall be the median(middle most value)of the three specimens expressed as a percentage.5.2The standard test specimen shall be a cylindrical disk cut from a laboratory prepared slab.5.2.1The dimensions of the standard specimens shall be:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11onRubber and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.10on PhysicalTesting.Current edition approved Dec.10,2002.Published January2003.Originallyapproved st previous edition approved in2001as D395–01.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol09.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol14.04.1Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.Type1A2BThickness,mm(in.)12.560.5(0.4960.02)6.060.2 (0.2460.01)Diameter,mm(in.)29.060.5(1.1460.02)13.060.2 (0.5160.01)A Type1specimen is used in Test Methods A and B.B Type2specimen is used in Test Method B.5.2.2When cutting the standard specimen,the circular die having the required inside dimensions specified in5.2.1shall be rotated in a drill press or similar device and lubricated by means of a soap solution.A minimum distance of13mm(0.51 in.)shall be maintained between the cutting edge of the die and the edge of the slab.The cutting pressure shall be as light as possible to minimize cupping of the cut edges.The dies shall be maintained carefully so that the cutting edges are sharp and free of nicks.5.3An optional method of preparing the standard specimen may be the direct molding of a circular disk having the dimensions required for the test method used and specified in 5.2.1.N OTE1—It should be recognized that an equal time and temperature,if used for both the slab and molded specimen,will not produce an equivalent state of cure in the two types of specimen.A higher degree of cure will be obtained in the molded specimen.Adjustments,preferably in the time of cure,must be taken into consideration if comparisons between the specimens prepared by different methods are to be considered valid. N OTE2—It is suggested,for the purpose of uniformity and closer tolerances in the molded specimen,that the dimensions of the mold be specified and shrinkage compensated for therein.A two-plate mold with a cavity13.060.1mm(0.51060.004in.)in thickness and29.2060.05 mm(1.14860.002in.)in diameter,with overflow grooves,will provide Type1specimens for Test Method A and Test Method B.A similar mold but having a cavity of6.360.3mm(0.2560.012in.)in thickness and 13.260.1mm(0.5260.004in.)in diameter will provide Type2 specimens for Test Method B.5.4When the standard test specimen is to be replaced by a specimen taken from a vulcanized rubber part of greater thickness than the one indicated in5.2.1,the sample thickness shall be reducedfirst by cutting transversely with a sharp knife and then followed by buffing to the required thickness in accordance with Practice D3183.5.5An alternative method of preparing specimens is by plying up cylindrical disks cut from a standard sheet prepared in accordance with Practice D3182using the specimen sizes specified in5.2.1and cutting as described in5.2.2,or where a drill press is not available cutting the specimens with a single stroke from a cutting die.5.5.1The disks shall be plied,without cementing,to the thickness required.Such plies shall be smooth,flat,of uniform thickness,and shall not exceed seven in number for Type1 specimens and four in number for Type2specimens.5.5.2Care shall be taken during handling and placing of the plied test specimen in the testfixture by keeping the circular faces parallel and at right angles to the axis of the cylinder.5.5.3The results obtained on plied specimens may be different from those obtained using solid specimens and the results may be variable,particularly if air is trapped between disks.5.5.4The results obtained on the specimens prepared by one of the methods may be compared only to those prepared by the same method.5.6For routine or product specification testing,it is some-times more convenient to prepare specimens of a different size or shape,or both.When such specimens are used,the results should be compared only with those obtained from specimens of similar size and shape and not with those obtained with standard specimen.For such cases,the product specification should define the specimen as to the size and shape.If suitable specimens cannot be prepared from the product,the test method and allowable limits must be agreed upon between the producer and the purchaser.6.Conditioning6.1Store all vulcanized test specimens or product samples to be tested at least24h but not more than60days.When the date of vulcanization is not known,make tests within60days after delivery by the producer of the article represented by the specimen.6.2Allow buffed specimens to rest at least30min before specimens are cut for testing.6.3Condition all specimens before testing for a minimum of 3h at2362°C(73.463.6°F).Specimens whose compression set properties are affected by atmospheric moisture shall be conditioned for a minimum of24h in an atmosphere controlled to5065%relative humidity.7.Precision and Bias47.1These precision statements have been prepared in ac-cordance with Practice D4483.Please refer to Practice D4483 for terminology and other testing and statistical concepts.7.2Prepared test specimens of two rubbers for Test MethodsA andB were supplied tofive laboratories.These were tested in duplicate each day on two separate testing days.A test result, therefore,is the average of two test specimens,for both Test Methods A and B.7.3One laboratory did not run the Test Method A testing; therefore,the precision for Test Method A is derived from four laboratories.7.4The Type1precision results are given in Table1and Table2.4Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters.Request RR: D11–1138.TABLE1Type1Precision Results,%Compression Set—TestMethod AMaterialMeanLevelWithin Laboratory A Between Laboratory AS r r(r)S R R(R)1 1.73(%)0.0500.1428.20.1900.5431.1 226.10.898 2.549.7 2.37 6.7125.7A Sr=within laboratory standard deviation.r=repeatability(in measurement units).(r)=repeatability(in percent).S R=between laboratory standard deviation. R=reproducibility(in measurement units). (R)=reproducibility(in percent).7.5Bias—In test method statistical terminology,bias is the difference between an average test value and the reference or true test property value.Reference values do not exist for these test methods since the value or level of the test property is exclusively defined by the test method.Bias,therefore,cannot be determined.TEST METHOD A—COMPRESSION SET UNDERCONSTANT FORCE IN AIR8.Apparatus8.1Dial Micrometer—A dial micrometer,for measuring specimen thickness,in accordance with Practice3767,Method A1.8.2Compression Device,consisting of a force application spring and two parallel compression plates assembled bymeans of a frame or threaded bolt in such a manner that the device shall be portable and self-contained after the force has been applied and that the parallelism of the plates shall be maintained.The force may be applied in accordance with either 8.2.1or8.2.2.8.2.1Calibrated Spring Force Application—The required force shall be applied by a screw mechanism for compressing a calibrated spring the proper amount.The spring shall be of properly heat-treated spring steel with ends ground and per-pendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spring.A suitable compression device is shown in Fig. 1.The spring shall conform to the following requirements:8.2.1.1The spring shall be calibrated at room temperature 2365°C(73.469°F)by applying successive increments of force not exceeding250N(50lbf)and measuring the corresponding deflection to the nearest0.2mm(0.01in.).The curve obtained by plotting the forces against the corresponding deflections shall have a slope of7063.5kN/m(400620 lbf/in.)at1.8kN(400lbf).The slope is obtained by dividing the two forces above and below1.8kN by the difference between the corresponding deflections.8.2.1.2The original dimensions of the spring shall not change due to fatigue by more than0.3mm(0.01in.)after it has been mounted in the compression device,compressed under a force of1.8kN(400lbf),and heated in the oven for one week at70°C62°C(15863.6°F).In ordinary use,a weekly check of the dimensions shall show no greater change than this over a period of1year.8.2.1.3The minimum force required to close the spring (solid)shall be2.4kN(530lbf).8.2.2External Force Application—The required force shall be applied to the compression plates and spring by external means after the test specimen is mounted in the apparatus. Either a calibrated compression machine or known masses may be used for force application.Provision shall be made by the use of bolts and nuts or other devices to prevent the specimen and spring from losing their initial deflections when the external force is removed.The spring shall have essentially the same characteristics as described in8.2.1,but calibration is not required.A suitable compression device is shown in Fig.2.8.3Plates—The plates between which the test specimen is compressed shall be made of steel of sufficient thickness to withstand the compressive stresses without bending.8.3.1The surfaces against which the specimen is held shall have a chromium platedfinish and shall be cleaned thoroughly and wiped dry before each test.8.3.2The steel surfaces contacting the rubber specimens shall be ground to a maximum roughness of250µm(10µin.) and then chromium plated and polished.8.3.3The chromium plating and subsequent polishing shall not affect thefinalfinish beyond the tolerance stated in8.3.2.8.4Oven,conforming to the specification for a Type IIB laboratory oven given in Specification E145.8.4.1Type IIB ovens specified in Test Method E145are satisfactory for use through70°C.For higher Temperatures Type II A ovens are necessary.8.4.2The interior size shall be as follows or of an equivalent volume:TABLE2Type1Precision Results,%Compression Set—TestMethod BMaterial MeanLevelWithin Laboratory A Between Laboratory AS r r(r)S R R(R)113.7(%)0.591 1.6712.2 1.54 4.3631.8 252.80.567 1.60 3.0 5.9216.831.7 A Sr=within laboratory standard deviation.r=repeatability(in measurement units).(r)=repeatability(in percent).S R=between laboratory standard deviation.R=reproducibility(in measurement units).(R)=reproducibility(in percent).Interior size of air oven:min.300bt300mm by300mm(12by12by12in.)max.900by900by1200mm(36by36by48in.) 8.4.3Provision shall be made for placing test specimens in the oven without touching each other or the sides of the aging chamber.8.4.4The heating medium for the aging chamber shall be air circulated within it at atmospheric pressure.8.4.5The source of heat is optional but shall be located in the air supply outside of the aging chamber.8.4.6A suitable temperature measurement device located in the upper central portion of the chamber near the test speci-mens shall be provided to record the actual aging temperature.8.4.7Automatic temperature control by means of thermo-static regulation shall be used.8.4.8The following special precautions shall be taken in order that accurate,uniform heating is obtained in all parts of the aging chamber.8.4.8.1The heated air shall be thoroughly circulated in the oven by means of mechanical agitation.When a motor driven fan is used,the air must not come in contact with the fan motor brush discharge because of danger of ozone formation.8.4.8.2Baffles shall be used as required to prevent local overheating and dead spots.8.4.8.3The thermostatic control device shall be so located as to give accurate temperature control of the heating medium. The preferred location is adjacent to the temperature measuring device listed in section8.4.6.8.4.8.4An actual check shall be made by means of maxi-mum reading thermometers placed in various parts of the oven to verify the uniformity of the heating.9.Procedure9.1Original Thickness Measurement—Measure the original thickness of the specimen to the nearest0.02mm(0.001in.). Place the specimen on the anvil of the dial micrometer so that the presser foot will indicate the thickness at the central portion of the top and bottom faces.9.2Application of Compressive Force—Assemble the specimens in the compression device,using extreme care to place them exactly in the center between the plates to avoid tilting.If the calibrated spring device(see Fig.1)is used,apply the compressive force by tightening the screw until the deflection as read from the scale is equivalent to that shown on the calibration curve for the spring corresponding to a force of 1.8kN(400lbf).With the external loading device(see Fig.2), apply this force to the assembly in the compression machine or by adding required masses,but in the latter case,take care to add the mass gradually without shock.Tighten the nuts and bolts just sufficiently to hold the initial deflections of the specimen and spring.It is imperative that no additional force be applied in tightening the bolts.9.3Test Time and Test Temperature—Choose a suitable temperature and time for the compression set,depending upon the conditions of the expected service.In comparative tests,use identical temperature and heating periods.It is suggested that the test temperature be chosen from those listed in Practice D1349.Suggested test periods are22h and70h.The specimen shall be at room temperature when inserted in the compression device.Place the assembled compression device in the oven within2h after completion of the assembly and allow it to remain there for the required test period in dry air at the test temperature selected.At the end of the test period,take the device from the oven and remove the specimens immedi-ately and allow it to cool.9.4Cooling Period—While cooling,allow the specimens to rest on a poor thermally conducting surface,such as wood,for 30min before making the measurement of thefinal thickness. Conduct the cooling period at a standard laboratory tempera-ture of2362°C(73.463.6°F).Specimens whose compres-sion set property is affected by atmospheric moisture shall be cooled in an atmosphere controlled to5065%relative humidity.9.5Final Thickness Measurement—After the rest period, measure thefinal thickness at the center of the specimen in accordance with9.1.10.Calculation10.1Calculate the compression set as a percentage of the original thickness as follows:C A5@~t o2t i!/t o#3100(1) where:C A=Compression set(Test Method A)as a percentage ofthe original thickness,t o=original thickness(see9.1),andt i=final thickness (see 9.5).11.Report11.1Report the following information:11.1.1Original dimensions of the test specimen,including the original thickness,t o ,11.1.2Actual compressive force on the specimen as deter-mined from the calibration curve of the spring and spring deflection reading (see 8.2.1)or as applied by an external force (see 8.2.2),11.1.3Thickness of the test specimen 30min after removal from the clamp,t i ,11.1.4Type of test specimen used,together with the time and temperature of test,11.1.5Compression set,expressed as a percentage of the original thickness,11.1.6Test method used (Test Method A),and 11.1.7Number of specimens tested.TEST METHOD B—COMPRESSION SET UNDERCONSTANT DEFLECTION IN AIR 12.Apparatus12.1Dial Micrometer —A dial micrometer,for measuring the specimen thickness,in accordance with Practice D 3767,Method A 1.N OTE 3—For vulcanizates having a hardness below 35IRHD,the force on the presser foot should be reduced to 0.260.05N (0.0460.01lbf).12.2Spacer Bars ,to maintain the constant deflection re-quired under Test Method B.12.2.1Spacer bars for Type 1samples shall have a thickness of 9.560.02mm (0.37560.001in.).12.2.2Spacer bars for Type 2samples shall have a thickness of 4.5060.01mm (0.177060.0005in.).12.3Compression Device ,consisting of two or more flat steel plates between the parallel faces of which the specimens may be compressed as shown in Fig.3.Steel spacers for the required percentage of compression given in 13.2shall be placed on each side of the rubber specimens to control their thickness while compressed.12.4Oven ,see 8.4.12.5Plates —The plates between which the test specimen is compressed shall be made of steel of sufficient thickness to withstand the compressive stresses without bending.12.5.1The surfaces against which the specimen is held shall have a chromium-plated finish and shall be cleaned thoroughly and wiped dry before each test.12.5.2The steel surfaces contacting the rubber specimens shall be ground to a maximum roughness of 250µm (10µin.)and then chromium plated and polished.12.5.3The chromium plating and subsequent polishing shall not affect the final finish beyond the tolerance stated in 12.5.2.13.Procedure13.1Original Thickness Measurement —Measure the origi-nal thickness of the specimen to the nearest 0.02mm (0.001in.).Place the specimen on the anvil of the dial micrometer so that the presser foot will indicate the thickness at the central portion of the top and bottom faces.13.2Application of Compressive Force —Place the test specimen between the plates of the compression device with the spacers on each side,allowing sufficient clearance for the bulging of the rubber when compressed (see Fig.3).Where a lubricant is applied,it shall consist of a thin coating of a lubricant having substantially no action on the rubber.For most purposes,a silicon or fluorosilicon fluid is suitable.Tighten the bolts so that the plates are drawn together uniformly until they are in contact with the spacers.The amount of compression employed shall be approximately 25%.A suitable mechanical or hydraulic device may be used to facilitate assembling and disassembling the test fixture.13.3Test Time and Temperature —Choose a suitable tem-perature and time for the compression set,depending upon the conditions of the expected service.In comparative tests,use identical temperature and test periods.It is suggested that the test temperature be chosen from those listed in Practice D 1349.Suggested test periods are 22h and 70h.The test specimen shall be at room temperature when inserted in the compression device.Place the assembled compression device in the oven within 2h after completion of the assembly and allow it to remain there for the required test period in dry air at the test temperature selected.At the end of the test period,take the device from the oven and remove the test specimen immediately and allow them to cool.13.4Cooling Period —While cooling,allow the test speci-men to rest on a poor thermally conducting surface,such as wood,for 30min before making the measurement of the final thickness.Maintain the conditions during the cooling period in accordance with 9.4.13.5Final Thickness Measurement —After the rest period,measure the final thickness at the center of the test specimen in accordance with 13.1.14.Calculation14.1Calculate the compression set expressed as a percent-age of the original deflection as follows:C B 5@~t o 2t i !/~t o 2t n !#3100(2)where:C B =compression set (Test Method B)expressed aspercentage of the original deflection,t 0=original thickness of specimen (13.1),t i =final thickness of specimen (13.5),and t n =thickness of the spacer bar used.N OTE 4—Lubrication of the operating surfaces of thecompressionFIG.3Device for Compression Set Test Under ConstantDeflection,Test MethodBdevice is optional while giving more reproducible results;lubrication may somewhat alter the compression set values.15.Report15.1Report the following information:15.1.1Original dimensions of the test specimen including the original thickness,t o,15.1.2Percentage compression of the specimen actually employed,15.1.3Thickness of the test specimen30min after removal from the clamp,t i,15.1.4Type of test specimen used,together with the time and temperature of test,15.1.5Whether or not the surfaces of the compression device are lubricated.If they are,what type lubrication was used,15.1.6Compression set,expressed as a percentage of the original deflection,15.1.7Test method used(Test Method B),and15.1.8Number of specimens tested.16.Keywords16.1compression set;compression set under constant de-flection;compression set under constant force;deflection; deformation;elastic property;hysteresis;recoveryASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed everyfive years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@(e-mail);or through the ASTM website().。
压缩永久变形中文版
编号：D 395-03橡胶性能的标准试验方法----------压缩永久变形1此项标准在固定编号B 117下发布，紧随编号的数字表示标准采纳的年度，如果是修正，数字表示最后一次修正的年度。
在括号内的数字表示最后一次重申批准的年度。
上标 表示自最后一次修正或重申批准以来的编辑改动。
此项标准已被批准供美国国防部下属机构使用。
1范围1.1本测试方法测试应用中会在气体或液体媒介中承受压力的橡胶。
本测试方法特别适用于在机械固定器件，1.2测试方法可以选择，但是应考虑用于与测试结果关联的实际情况下使用的橡胶的性质。
除非在具体的规范中有其他规定，应使用测试方法B。
1.3测试方法B不适用于硬度大于90IRHD的硫化橡胶。
1.4以国际单位（SI）为单位的数值应被认为是标准。
在括号内的数值起参照作用。
1.5此项标准不包括与其应用有关的所有的安全隐患。
此项标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立合适的安全健康规范以及决定法规限制是否适用2 参考文件2.1 ASTM标准2：D1349 橡胶规范---测试的标准温度D 3182D 3183D 3767D 4483E 145---------------------------------------1此测试方法属于ASTM D 11橡胶委员会的工作范围，是其下属D11.10物理测试子委员会的直接责任。
目前的版本在2008.3.1批准，2008.07出版。
原始的版本在1934年批准。
上一个版本在2003年批准，编号为D395-03.2如需参照ASTM 标准，访问ASTM网站，. 如需要《ASTM标准年鉴》的内容信息，浏览ASTM网站的标准索引页。
3 测试方法概要3.1 用挠力或规定的力压缩试样，并在规定的温度下保持规定的时间。
3.2 在试样在合适的装置内，在规定的条件下经过特定时间的压缩变形后，取出试样，等待30分钟，测量试样的残留变形。
3.3 在测量残留变形后，根据Eq1和Eq2计算压缩永久变形。
橡胶产品各种标准
橡胶及橡胶制品的常用测试方法及其国家标准橡胶及橡胶制品的常用测试方法及其国家标准1．未硫化橡胶门尼粘度GB/T 1232.1—2000未硫化橡胶用圆盘剪切粘度计进行测定—第1部分：门尼粘度的测定GB/T 1233—1992橡胶胶料初期硫化特性的测定—门尼粘度计法ISO 289-1:2005未硫化橡胶——用剪切圆盘型黏度计—第一部分：门尼黏度的测定ISO 289-2-1994未硫化橡胶——用剪切圆盘型黏度计测定—第二部分：预硫化特性的测定ASTM D1646-2004橡胶粘度应力松驰及硫化特性（门尼粘度计）的试验方法JIS K6300-1:2001未硫化橡胶-物理特性-第1部分:用门尼粘度计测定粘度及预硫化时间的方法2.胶料硫化特性GB/T 9869—1997橡胶胶料硫化特性的测定（圆盘振荡硫化仪法）GB/T 16584—1996橡胶用无转子硫化仪测定硫化特性ISO 3417:1991橡胶—硫化特性的测定——用摆振式圆盘硫化计ASTM D2084-2001用振动圆盘硫化计测定橡胶硫化特性的试验方法ASTM D5289-1995（2001）橡胶性能—使用无转子流变仪测量硫化作用的试验方法DIN 53529-4:1991橡胶—硫化特性的测定——用带转子的硫化计测定交联特性3.橡胶拉伸性能GB/T528—1998硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶拉伸应力应变性能的测定ISO37:2005硫化或热塑性橡胶——拉伸应力应变特性的测定ASTMD412-1998（2002）硫化橡胶、热塑性弹性材料拉伸强度试验方法JIS K6251:1993硫化橡胶的拉伸试验方法DIN 53504-1994硫化橡胶的拉伸试验方法4.橡胶撕裂性能GB/T 529—1999硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶撕裂强度的测定（裤形、直角形和新月形试样）ISO 34-1:2004硫化或热塑性橡胶—撕裂强度的测定-第一部分：裤形、直角形和新月形试片ASTM D624-2000通用硫化橡胶及热塑性弹性体抗撕裂强度的试验方法JIS K6252:2001硫化橡胶及热塑性橡胶撕裂强度的计算方法5.橡胶硬度GB/T531—1999橡胶袖珍硬度计压入硬度试验方法GB/T6031—1998硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶硬度的测定（10—100IRHD）ISO 7619-1:2004硫化或热塑性橡胶——压痕硬度的测定——第一部分：硬度计法（邵式硬度）ISO 7619-2:2004硫化或热塑性橡胶——压痕硬度的测定——第二部分：IRHD袖珍计法ASTM D2240-2004用硬度计测定橡胶硬度的试验方法ASTM D1415-1988（2004）橡胶特性—国际硬度的试验方法JIS K6253:1997硫化橡胶及热塑性橡胶的硬度试验方法DIN 53505-2000橡胶试验邵式A和D的硬度试验6.压缩永久变形性能GB/T 7759—1996硫化橡胶、热塑性橡胶在常温、高温和低温下压缩永久变形测定ISO 815:1991硫化橡胶、热塑性橡胶在常温、高温和低温下压缩永久变形测定ASTM D395-2003橡胶性能的试验方法压缩永久变形JIS K6262:1997硫化橡胶及热塑性橡胶压缩永久变形试验方法7.橡胶的回弹性GB/T 1681—1991硫化橡胶回弹性的测定ISO 4662:1986硫化橡胶回弹性的测定ASTM D1054-2002用回跳摆锤法测定橡胶弹性的实验方法JIS K6255:1996硫化橡胶及热塑性橡胶的回弹性试验方法DIN 53512-2000硫化橡胶回弹性的测定8.橡胶低温特性GB/T 1682—1994硫化橡胶低温脆性的测定—单试样法GB/T 15256-1994硫化橡胶低温脆性的测定（多试样法）GB/T 7758—2002硫化橡胶低温特性的测定温度回缩法（TR试验）ISO 2921:2005硫化橡胶—低温特性—温度回升缩（TR试验）ASTM D1329-2002天然橡胶特性的评定—橡胶的低温回缩试验方法（TR试验法）ASTM D 746-2004用冲击法测定塑料及弹性材料的脆化温度的试验方法ASTM D 2137-2005弹性材料脆化温度的试验方法JIS K 6261-1997硫化橡胶及热塑性橡胶的低温试验方法9. 橡胶磨耗性GB/T1689—1998硫化橡胶耐磨性能的测定（用阿克隆磨耗机）GB/T9867—1988硫化橡胶耐磨性能的测定（旋转辊筒式磨耗机法）ASTM D5963-2004硫化橡胶耐磨性能的测定（旋转辊筒式磨耗机法）橡胶相关的检测标准GBT 13488-1992 橡胶燃烧性能测定垂直燃烧法GBT 14905-1994 橡胶和塑料各层间粘合强度测定GBT 15253-1994 橡胶游离硫的测定电位滴定法GBT 15904-1995 橡胶中聚异戊二烯含量的测定- GBT 6343-2009 泡沫塑料及橡胶表观密度的测定GBT 1697-1982 硬质橡胶抗冲击强度试验方法GBT 1700-2001 硬质橡胶抗剪切强度的测定GB 10680-89 振动压路机用橡胶减振器技术条件GBT 1699-2003 硬质橡胶马丁耐热温度的测定GBT 20460-2006 橡胶配合剂天然碳酸钙试验方法GB-T 1699-1982 硬质橡胶耐热试验方法GB-T 3511-1983 橡胶大气老化试验方法GB-T 3512-1983 橡胶热空气老化试验方法GB-T 4498-1997 橡胶灰分的测定GJB 3170-98 鱼雷液压、燃油系统橡胶密封材料规范ISO 1923-1981 泡沫塑料和橡胶.线性尺寸的测定GBT 3516-1994 橡胶中溶剂抽出物的测定HGT 3844-2008 硬质橡胶弯曲强度的测定HGT 3845-2008 硬质橡胶冲击强度的测定HGT 3846-2008 硬质橡胶硬度的测定HGT 3847-2008 硬质橡胶马丁耐热温度的测定HGT 3848-2008 硬质橡胶抗剪切强度的测定ISO 4662-2009 橡胶硫化橡胶回弹性的测定GBT 11203-2001 橡胶中心含量的测定 EDTA滴定法HG／T2150-1991 橡胶塑料压延机检测方法JIS K5639-2002 氯化橡胶涂料标准GBT 24131-2009 生橡胶挥发分含量的测定GB 5009.66-1985 橡胶奶嘴卫生标准的分析方法GB 6342-1986 泡沫塑料和橡胶线性尺寸的测定GB 6343-1986 泡沫塑料和橡胶表观密度的测定GB/T 15251-2008 橡胶游离硫的测定GB/T 1696-2001 硬质橡胶弯曲强度的测定GB/T 1697-2001 硬质橡胶冲击强度的测定GB/T 2438-2002 硬质橡胶压碎强度的测定HG/T 3844-2006 硬质橡胶弯曲强度的测定HB 5251-1983 橡胶O形圈热空气老化试验方法HB 5251-1983 橡胶O形圈热空气老化试验方法SH/T 1049-1991 丁二烯橡胶溶液色度的测定HB 5236-1983 橡胶ｏ形圈耐油试验方法HB 5234-1983 橡胶ｏ形圈硬度试验方法BS 2F 66-1982 橡胶粘合的软木板规范ISO 124-1997 乳胶，橡胶-全部固体含量测定ISO 13773-1997 氯丁二烯橡胶胶乳碱度的测定ISO 1407-2009 橡胶.溶剂提取物的测定ISO 1435-1996 橡胶配合剂炭黑(造粒) 筛余物测定ISO 1437-2007 橡胶配合剂.炭黑.筛余物的测定ISO 15113-2005 橡胶.摩擦性能的测定NF T42-011-1987 橡胶乳.粘度测定ISO 248-1991 原橡胶；挥发性物质含量测定ISO 2782-1995 硫化或热塑橡胶-透气性测定ISO 35-1995 天然浓缩胶乳橡胶-机械稳定性测定ISO 5945-1989 橡胶聚异戊二烯含量的测定ISO 7662-1988 橡胶和塑料软管衬里耐磨性的测定ISO 845-2006 泡沫塑料和橡胶.表观密度的测定BS ISO 1437-2007 橡胶配合剂.炭黑.筛余物测定BS ISO 15113-2005 橡胶.摩擦性能的测定BS ISO 248-2005 生橡胶.挥发物含量的测定JIS K6380-1996 工业用橡胶密封材料标准BS 903-A1-1996橡胶物理试验.密度测定BS ISO 247-2006橡胶.灰份的测定GB T 1698-1982硬质橡胶硬度的测定GB 4806.2-94 橡胶奶嘴卫生标准YBB 0026-2005橡胶灰分测定法(试行)JIS K6450-1999 橡胶块和橡胶铺砌层.试验方法EN 856-1996 橡胶软管和软管配件橡胶包覆螺形线增强液压型规范NF T43-016-1976 橡胶.橡胶混料挤压成形性能的评定NF T45-015-1978 橡胶工业原料.再生橡胶.试验方法ISO 2303-2003 异戊橡胶(IR).非充油,溶液聚合型橡胶.评定规程BS ISO 2303-2003 异戊橡胶(IR).非充油,溶液聚合型橡胶.评定规程BS ISO 5794-1-2005 橡胶配合剂.沉淀水合作用的二氧化硅.非橡胶试验BS ISO 7780-1998 橡胶和橡胶乳液.锰含量测定.高碘酸钠光度测定法DIN 53545-1990 橡胶的试验.橡胶耐低温性能的测定.原理和试验NF T45-114-1989 橡胶工业原料.与碳黑结合的橡胶的测定BS 903-2-1997 橡胶的物理试验.橡胶试验统计应用导则DIN V 78082-2-1991橡胶工业原料.苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶.要求ISO 7323-1985 (中文版) 生橡胶和未硫化复合橡胶的可塑性指数ISO 1853-2011 硫化或热塑性导电橡胶和耗能橡胶.电阻率的测量ISO 2303-2011 异戊橡胶(ir).非充油溶液聚合型橡胶.评定规程ISO 5600-2011 橡胶.利用圆锥形件测定橡胶对刚性材料的粘合力GBT 12585-2001 硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶橡胶片材和橡胶涂覆织物挥发性液体透过率的测定(质量法)BS EN ISO 6179-2001 硫化或热塑橡胶.橡胶薄板和橡胶涂层织物.挥发性液体扩散速度的测定(重力测重技术)GBT 18174-2000 橡胶中二氧化硅含量的测定GBT 18425-2001 蒸汽橡胶软管试验方法GBT 3516-2006 橡胶溶剂抽出物的测定GBT 6737-1997 生橡胶挥发分含量的测定SHT 1717-2002异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶(ⅡR)评价方法SHT 1718-2002 充油橡胶中油含量的测定JIS K 6250-2001 橡胶物理试验方法通则JIS K6385-2001 橡胶阻振器的试验方法GBT 13489-1992 橡胶涂覆织物燃烧性能测定HGT 2487-1993 橡胶胶丝定伸负荷伸长率的测定HGT 2488-1993 橡胶胶丝拉伸性能的测定HGT 2192-2008 喷砂用橡胶软管-规范HGT 2487-2003 橡胶胶丝-试验方法HGT 2700-1995 橡胶垫片密封性的试验方法GB 18951-2003 橡胶配合剂氧化锌试验方法GB 18952-2003 橡胶配合剂硫磺试验方法GBT 11206-2009 橡胶老化试验表面龟裂法GBT 11409-2008 橡胶防老剂、硫化促进剂试验方法。
硅胶压缩永久变形测试标准SOP
硅胶压缩永久变形测试标准SOP在硅胶压缩永久变形率测定方面，经常采用的标准试验方法主要有4种：国际标准ISO 815-1：2008、美国材料与试验协会标准ASTM D395-03、日本工业标准JIS K6262：2013以及中国国家标准GB/T 77591996（1）ISO 815-120080（常温或高温条件下，硫化硅胶或热塑性硅胶压缩永久变形测定）：ISO 815于1972年由国际化标准组织制定（ISO 815：19722），于1991年进行了修订，将ISO 815：1972规定的室温和高温下，压缩永久变形试验与ISO 1653：1975规定的低温下压缩永久变形试验进行统一合并，把压缩永久变形试验，从低温到高温归纳成一个标准ISO 815：进行了再次修订，此次修订将常温和高温条件下压缩永久变形与低温条件下压缩永久变形再次分开，形成了2个标准，即ISO 815-1和ISO815-2（2）ASTM D395-03（硅胶性能的标准试验方法一压缩永久变形）：ASTM D395标准制定于1998年，分别于2001年、2002年和2003年进行了修订，现行有效版本为ASTM D395-03.ASTM D395-03规定了A和B共2种试验方法，方法A为空气中恒定压力条件下的压缩永久变形率测定方法，方法B为空气中恒定压缩比条件下压缩永久变形率测定方法"，鉴于国内很少选用A方法，所以本文的内容仅涉及方法（3）JIS K6262：2013（硫化硅胶、热塑性硅胶常温、高温和低温下压缩永久变形测定）：JS K6262源于JIS K6301（硫化硅胶物理性能试验方法，包括拉伸性能、硬度、撕裂性能和压缩永久变形率等共18种性能测试方法）0，日本工业标准调查会于1993年将JIS K6301中压缩永久变形测试方法独立出来，并等效采用了ISO 815：1972，同时，添加了拉伸永久变形测定的内容（等效采用ISO 2285：1988）形成了JIS K62621993。
ASTMD395-2003压缩永久变形中文版
ASTMD395-2003压缩永久变形中文版编号：D 395-03橡胶性能的标准试验方法----------压缩永久变形1此项标准在固定编号B 117下发布，紧随编号的数字表示标准采纳的年度，如果是修正，数字表示最后一次修正的年度。
在括号内的数字表示最后一次重申批准的年度。
上标表示自最后一次修正或重申批准以来的编辑改动。
此项标准已被批准供美国国防部下属机构使用。
1范围1.1本测试方法测试应用中会在气体或液体媒介中承受压力的橡胶。
本测试方法特别适用于在机械固定器件，减震器，封条中使用的橡胶。
本测试方法包含以下两种方法：1.2测试方法可以选择，但是应考虑用于与测试结果关联的实际情况下使用的橡胶的性质。
除非在具体的规范中有其他规定，应使用测试方法B。
测试方法B不适用于硬度大于90IRHD的硫化橡胶。
以国际单位（SI）为单位的数值应被认为是标准。
在括号内的数值起参照作用。
此项标准不包括与其应用有关的所有的安全隐患。
此项标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立合适的安全健康规范以及决定法规限制是否适用2 参考文件ASTM标准2：D1349 橡胶规范---测试的标准温度D 3182D 3183D 3767D 4483E 145---------------------------------------1此测试方法属于ASTM D 11橡胶委员会的工作范围，是其下属物理测试子委员会的直接责任。
目前的版本在批准，出版。
原始的版本在1934年批准。
上一个版本在2003年批准，编号为D395-03.2如需参照ASTM 标准，访问ASTM网站，. 如需要《ASTM标准年鉴》的内容信息，浏览ASTM网站的标准索引页。
3 测试方法概要用挠力或规定的力压缩试样，并在规定的温度下保持规定的时间。
在试样在合适的装置内，在规定的条件下经过特定时间的压缩变形后，取出试样，等待30分钟，测量试样的残留变形。
在测量残留变形后，根据Eq1和Eq2计算压缩永久变形。
ASTM_D395_2003压缩永久变形中文版
编号：D 395-03橡胶性能的标准试验方法----------压缩永久变形1此项标准在固定编号B 117下发布，紧随编号的数字表示标准采纳的年度，如果是修正，数字表示最后一次修正的年度。
在括号的数字表示最后一次重申批准的年度。
上标 表示自最后一次修正或重申批准以来的编辑改动。
此项标准已被批准供美国国防部下属机构使用。
1围1.1本测试方法测试应用中会在气体或液体媒介中承受压力的橡胶。
本测试方法特别适用于在机械固定器件，减震器，封条中使用的橡胶。
本测试方法包含以下两种方法：1.2测试方法可以选择，但是应考虑用于与测试结果关联的实际情况下使用的橡胶的性质。
除非在具体的规中有其他规定，应使用测试方法B。
1.3测试方法B不适用于硬度大于90IRHD的硫化橡胶。
1.4以国际单位（SI）为单位的数值应被认为是标准。
在括号的数值起参照作用。
1.5此项标准不包括与其应用有关的所有的安全隐患。
此项标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立合适的安全健康规以及决定法规限制是否适用2 参考文件2.1 ASTM标准2：D1349 橡胶规---测试的标准温度D 3182 混合标准化合物及制备标准硫化橡胶薄片用橡胶材料、设备及工序的标准实施规程D 3183 橡胶实施规---从橡胶制品中制备试验目的用试片D 3767 橡胶的标准规程----尺寸测量D 4483 评定橡胶和炭黑制造工业试验方法标准的精度的实施规程E 145 重力对流式和强制通风式烘炉的规---------------------------------------1此测试方法属于ASTM D 11橡胶委员会的工作围，是其下属D11.10物理测试子委员会的直接责任。
目前的版本在2008.3.1批准，2008.07出版。
原始的版本在1934年批准。
上一个版本在2003年批准，编号为D395-03.2如需参照ASTM 标准，访问，或联系ASTM客户服务. 如需要《ASTM标准年鉴》的容信息，浏览ASTM的标准索引页。
【免费下载】ASTM D395 压缩永久变形中文版
7.5 偏差---在测试方法统计术语里。
偏差是指测试平均值与参考或实际性能值的差异。
因为所测性能的值完全由此测试方法定义，所以不存在参考值。
应此，偏差不能被测定。
测试方法A---------空气中恒定力下的压力永久变形8 装置8.1 千分测试盘-------根据规范D3767,方法A1的用于测量试样厚度的千分测试盘8.2 压力装置由施力弹簧，两个平行的压力片组成。
压力装置由框架或螺纹螺栓固定。
压力装置的装配方法应使其可移动，并在施力后能够保持压力片的平行。
施加的力应符合8.2.1或8.2.2的规定。
8.2已校施力弹簧------应使用螺丝钉装置向已校弹簧施力。
弹簧应由经合适热处理的弹簧钢制成，弹簧应磨平，磨平面与弹簧长轴垂直。
图1 是一个合适的压力装置。
弹簧应符合以下要求：8.2.1.1 弹簧应在室温23 ±5℃（73.4±9℉）下校正。
连续施以递增的力[递增幅度不超过250N（50lbf）]，测量相应的变形长度，取精度为0.2mm（0.01in.）。
在1.8kN(400lbf)的力下，力与变形距离的曲线的斜率应为70±3.5kN/m(400±20lbf/in.) 斜率用相应的变形长度除以1.8kN上下的两个力获得。
8.2.1.2 在弹簧被装入压力装置，在1.8kN(400lbf)的力下被压缩，在温度为70±2℃（158±3.6℉）的热空气炉中加热一周后，由于疲劳造成弹簧原始尺寸的变化不应超过3mm（0.01in.）。
在常规的使用中，在一年的时长内，每周对尺寸的检查得出的尺寸变化不应超过上述值。
8.2.1.3 压紧弹簧(压至各线圈接触)所需的最小力应为2.4kN(530lbf).图1 压力永久变形测试方法A使用的带有已校弹簧压力装置8.2.2 外部力的施加------在试样装入装置后，应向压力片和弹簧施加必要的外部力。
可以使用已校的压力器械或已知重量的重物。
第二讲压缩永久变形测试原理(共9张PPT)
试样 sample
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压缩试样未 能恢复的高 度
压缩试样 应能恢复 的高度
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压缩永久变形分析
理想弹性体或纯弹性体，h1＝h0 C=0% 理想塑性体或纯塑性体 h1＝hs C=100% 实际橡胶 C=0－100%
限制器
stopper
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压缩永久变形器置于一定环境中（常温或高低温箱或液体介质） 压缩一定时间
如100oC×168h
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试样从压缩永久变形器中取出
自由恢复一段时间（常温和高温测试时，一般常温恢复30min） 测定恢复后高度h1
限制器 stopper
压缩条件、恢复条件的不同测得的压变值不同
试样从压缩永久变形器中取出
由试样类型和限制器确定压缩率
压缩永久变形器置于一定环境中（常温或高低温箱或液体介质）
理想弹性体或纯弹性体，h1＝h0 C=0%
限制器 stopper
压缩条件、恢复条件的不同测得的压变值不同
压变表达用百分数，未能恢复的高度占应能恢复高度的百分比
GB/T 7759
Байду номын сангаас
GB/T 1683
压缩永久变形（Compression Set）性能测试
第二讲 压缩永久变形的测试原理
Φ29±0.5mm
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名称：D 395 - 01橡胶性能的标准测试方法—压缩永久变形此项标准在固定编号D395下发行,紧随编号的数字表示采纳的年度,如果是修正,数字表示最后一次修正年度,在括号内数字表示最后一次重申批准的年度,上标E表示自最后一次修正或重申批准以来的编辑改动此项标准已被批准供美国国防部下属机构使用1. 范围1.1本测试方法测试使用中会在气体或液体媒介中承受压力的橡胶.本测试方法特别适用于在机械固定器件,减震器,封条中使用的橡胶.本测试方法包括以下两种方法规范中有其他规定,应使用测试方法B1.3测试方法B不适用于硬度大于90IRHD的硫化橡胶1.4以国际单位(SI)为单位的数值应被认为是标准1.5此项标准不包括与其应用有关的所有的安全隐患,此项标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立合适的安全健康规范以及法定法规限制是否适用2. 参考文件2.1ASTM标准：D 1349 橡胶规范—测试的标准温度D 3182 混合标准化合物和制备标准硫化橡胶薄片用橡胶材料，设备及工序的标准实施规程D 3183 橡胶实施规范—用橡胶制品制备测试样片D 3767 橡胶的标准规程—尺寸测量D 4483 评定橡胶和炭黑制造工业试验方法标准精度的实施规程E 145 重力对流式和强制通风式烘箱的规范---------------------------------------此测试方法属于ASTM D11橡胶委员会的工作范围，是其下属D11 .10物理测试委员会的直接责任目前的版本在2001.5.10批准 2001.7出版，原始出版是D395-34，最后编辑版本是D395-34ASTM标准年度书刊 Vol 09.013. 试验方法概要3.1在挠力或规定的力下压缩试样，并在规定的温度下保持规定的时间3.2试样在合适的装置内，在规定的条件下经过特定时间的压缩变形后，取出试样，等30分钟，测量试样的残余变形3.3测量残余变形之后，根据Eq1和Eq2计算压缩永久变形4. 意义和用途4.1压缩永久变形测试用于测量在长时间受压后，橡胶化合物保持弹性的能力。
实际情况下的压力可能包括持续的挠力，持续的已知力，时短时续的压力产生的交替变形和恢复。
虽然后者也产生压力永久变形，它的效果更接近于压缩挠曲和滞后测试。
因此，压力永久变形测试主要适用于静态力的使用环境。
测试经常在高温下进行。
5. 试样5.1可以使用来自相同的测试标本,一式两份(选项1)或一式三份(选项2)。
选项1的压力永久变形应为两个试样的平均值，用百分比表示；选项2的压力永久变形应为三个试样的中间值，用百分比表示。
5.2标准测试试样应从实验室准备的平面上切割，形状为圆形5.2.1标准试件尺寸应为（原始资料，供参考）类型 1 /A 2/ B厚度, mm (in.) 12.5±0.5(0.49±0.02) 6.0±0.2(0.24±0.01)直径, mm (in.) 29±0.5(1.14±0.02) 13±0.5(0.51±0.02)B：类型2仅用于方法B5.2.2在切割标准试样时，具有5.2.1中规定的内部尺寸的圆形裁刀应在钻床上旋转，并用肥皂溶液润滑，在切割边缘与试样平面边缘之间的距离最小为13mm（0.51in .）.切割压力应越小越好，以最小化切割边的翘弯。
裁刀应仔细维护，使切割边保持锋利并没有割口。
5.3制作标准试样的另一个方法是直接模制具有测试方法要求的和5.2.1规定的尺寸的圆形试样。
注1---应注意如果样品平面和模制试样如在相同的温度下进行相同时间长的烘培固化，两者的状态不会完全相同。
模制的试样的固化程度会更高。
如果要使按不同测试方法得出的测试结果具有可比性，一定要调整烘培时间。
注2---为了达到模制试样的一致性和较小的公差。
应规定模具的尺寸，弥补模具的收缩，带有溢流槽，腔厚度为13.0±0.1mm(0.51±0.004 in .)，腔直径为29.20±0.05mm(1.148±0.002 in .)的双片模可以为方法A .B提供类型1试样。
腔厚度为6.3±0.3mm(0.25±0.012 in .)，腔直径为13.2±0.1mm(0.52±0.004 in .)的类似模具可以为方法B提供类型2试样。
5.4当要用从厚度大于5.2.1中厚度的硫化橡胶制成的试样替代标准试样，应首先用锋利的刀横切样品，然后抛光以达到规范D3183中要求的厚度。
5.5 准备试样的另一方法是根据规范D3182制备的样品切割的，尺寸符合5.2.1规定，切割方法符合规定5.2.2规定的圆形试样叠合起来。
如果在切割试样是没有钻床，用切割裁刀一次切割试样。
5.5.1圆形试样叠合时应不使用粘合剂。
叠合后的厚度要达到规定厚度，叠合试样应平滑，平坦，厚度一致。
对于类型1试样。
叠合的圆形试样的数量不应超过7个，对于类型2试样，叠合的数量不应超过4个。
.5.5.2在挪移叠合试样和将叠合试样放在测试装置时应将圆形表面保持水平并与圆柱轴垂直5.5.3从叠合试样得出的结果可能与单片试样得出的结果不同，并且结果可能变动，特别是在圆形层中间有空气的情况下。
5.5.4只有用相同方法准备的试样的结果才可以相互比较5.6 对于常规测试或产品规格测试，有些情况下准备不同大小或形状的试样会更加方便。
当使用这些试样时，仅可以比较相似形状或大小的试样的测试结果，而不能与标准试样的结果比较。
在这些情况下，产品规格应标明大小和形状。
如果不能从产品取得试样，测试方法和允许限度应有买卖双方共同决定。
（原始资料，供参考）表1 压力永久变形测试----测试方法A的类型1精度结果，%材料平均值单个实验室A 多个实验室ASr r (r) SR R (R)1 1.73(%) 0.05 0.142 8.2 0.190 0.54 31.12 26.1 0.898 2.54 9.7 2.37 6.71 25.7r =重复性(测量单位)(r) =重复性( 百分比)SR= 多个实验室标准差R =再现性(测量单位)(R) =再现性( 百分比)6. 条件6.1在长于24小时，短于60天的时间内储存所有硫化橡胶试样或产品样品。
当硫化日期未知时，在收到货物60天内测试代表货物的试样。
6.2在切割试样前抛光的试样至少休息30分钟6.3在测试前将试样放置在温度为23±2℃(73.4±3.6℉)的环境下至少3小时。
压力永久变形性能受大气湿度影响的试样应在相对湿度控制在50±5%的大气环境下放置至少24小时。
7.精度和偏差7.1此精度和偏差根据规范D4483编制。
有关术语和数据计算请参考规范D44837.2用于方法A. B的两种橡胶制成的试样被供给5个实验室。
相同试样的数量为2，测试在两个测试日进行。
对于方法A.B ，测试结果都是两个试样的平均值。
7.3一个实验室没法进行方法A测试，所以方法A的精度数据是从4个实验室取得的7.4 表1和表2.给出了类型1精度结果（原始资料，供参考）表2 压力永久变形测试----测试方法B的类型1精度结果，%材料平均值单个实验室A 多个实验室ASr r (r) SR R (R)1 13.7(%) 0.591 1.67 12.2 1.54 4.36 31.82 52.8 0.567 1.60 3.0 5.92 16.8 31.7r =重复性(测量单位)(r) =重复性( 百分比)SR= 多个实验室标准差R =再现性(测量单位)(R) =再现性( 百分比)7.5 偏差—在测试方法的统计术语里，偏差是指平均值与参考值或实际性能值的差异。
因为所测性能的值完全由此测试方法定义，所以不存在参考值。
因此偏差不能被测定。
测试方法B---空气中恒定挠力下的压力永久变形12. 仪器12.1数显千分尺—根据规范D3767,方法A1，用于测量试样厚度的数显千分尺注 3—对于35以下IRHD硫化橡胶，压力要减少到0.2±0.05N（0.04± 0.01 lbf）12.2垫片, 用于维持方法B需要的恒定挠力.12.2.1用于1类型样品厚度应为9.5 ± 0.02 mm（0.375± 0.001in.）12.2.2用于2类型样品厚度应为4.50± 0.01 mm（0.1770±0.0005 in.）12.3压力装置---如图3示,压力装置有两个或两个以上的压力片组成,试样在压力片平行的表面间被压缩,为了达到13.2的压缩率,应在试样两侧放置钢垫片以控制试样在压缩时的厚度,与试样接触的钢表面先经最大为250μm（10μm）的粗糙度处理，然后镀铬并抛光。
12.4烤箱，见第8.4节。
12.5压力板—在对试样进行压缩的压力板应具有足够厚度,保证在承受压应力不会弯曲。
压力板表面由镀铬完成，每次测试之前擦干表面,测试完成后应彻底清洗,。
13. 程序13.1测量原始厚度—测量试样的原始厚度取精度为0.02mm（0.001 in.）。
将试样用千分尺测量，使压脚测量试样中心的厚度13.2压缩力的使用—将试样放入压力装置的压力片间,试样两边应有垫片,垫片与试样间应有足够的距离来容纳压缩时便向延伸（见图3）。
当使用润滑剂时，应仅敷一层。
并且润滑剂不应对橡胶有作用。
对于大多数目的,可以使用硅胶或氟素矽胶, 拧紧螺栓，使压力片平均接近试样,直到接触试样。
压缩量率约为25％。
可以使用一个合适的机械或液压装置来加测试设备的运作（图3）13.3测试时间和温度—根据可能的使用环境为压力永久变形测试选择温度和时间长,在对比测试中,使用相同的温度和加热时间,建议选择规范D1349中的温度,建议的测试时长是22小时和70小时,当放入装置时。
试样的温度应为室温,在组装完成后2小时内将装置放入烘箱,在选定的测试温度下放置必要的时间, 烘箱的空气应干燥,在测试结束后,从烘箱中取出装置,马上取出试样冷却13.4冷却期---而冷却，使试样摆放在导热能力低的表面上，如木头，30分钟，才测量最终的厚度。
根据9.4维持冷却周期的状况13.5最终厚度测量—在休息时间结束后，按照13.1在试样中心测试最终厚度14.计算14.1按以下公式计算表示为原始厚度百分比的压力永久变形:（原始资料，供参考）其中: CB = 压缩装置 (测试方法B) 表达为原始变形百分比t0 =原标本厚度(13.1),t i =试件最终厚度(13.5),tn =使用的垫片的厚度注4—压缩的表面润滑设备的使用是可选的，同时给予更多的可重复性的结果;润滑可能会有所改变压缩设定值。
15. 报告15.1报告以下信息：15.1.1试样的原始尺寸，包括原始厚度t0，，15.1.2试样的实际压缩百分比，15.1.3从夹紧装置取出30分钟后的厚度t i15.1.4试样类型，以及测试的时间和温度，15.1.5压缩装置的表面是否被润滑，如被润滑，润滑剂的类型15.1.6压缩永久变形，用原始厚度变形百分比表示15.1.7 测试使用方法（方法B）15.1.8 测试试样的数量这个标准是在任何时间都可以被负责的技术委员会修改的，每五年重审一次，如果重申时没有修正，此项标准就被再认可或取消。