中考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧

中考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧
中考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧

中考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧

根据省阿坝州近几年《中考说明》、《历年中考真题》,中考英语满分150分,主要分为单项选择,完型填空,阅读理解和书面表达四个部分。其中,阅读理解题是中考试卷中分值最大的一类题,在阿坝州近几年的中考英语中,共有5篇文章,占总分的三分之一(45分),并且分值仍有不断提高的趋势。

阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面,主要考察考生阅读能力、主观判断力和逻辑思维能力。试题中所选的阅读文章题材广泛,涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。体裁多样,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等各种文体。因此,考生能否得高分,本题是一个关键。中考冲刺阶段,我根据多年指导毕业班的经验,从如何进一步提高阅读理解能力方面提出复习迎考策略。以下是我的一些粗浅之见:

一、常见题型及解题技巧

根据历年来全省各地中考阅读理解题型的分析,将阅读理解题大致归纳为以下四类:

(一)细节理解题

一般针对某个特定的细节而提供,难度较小,属表层信息理解,考生通读短文后可直接找出答案依据。

解题技巧:

通读短文,领会文章大意,理解文章结构层次及细节,特别注意:

1. 五个W (who ,which ,when ,where ,what )和一个H (how );

2. 数字、日期、时间等;

3. 注意加强语气的词。然后运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项,剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。

(二)词句理解题

此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子

的含义,常用的方法是多种表达法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。

解题技巧:

1. 正确理解题意,从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子,根据特定的语境来判断理解,推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。

2. 根据上下文猜测词义的技巧:(1)注意定义和解释;(2)同义词或近义词的提示;(3)近义词和反义词的提示;(4)利用悬念的属种关系;(5)借助已有知识或生活常识。

(三)推理判断题

通过字里行间的阅读,作合理的推断。

解题技巧:1. 分析文章的主旨。2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。3. 寻找文章的逻辑思路。4. 核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。

(四)归纳概括题

此题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次(主题句或主题段),要求学生在理解全文后归纳短文要点,概括中心思路。

解题技巧:

通读全文,了解大意,灵活运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等方法,准确理解文章的话题和中心思想。有时还要求对作者叙述的意图和观点作进一步剖析,甚至推测作者的语气和态度等。

一般说来,文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主题句,且多位于段首或段末,有时也会夹在中间。对无主题句的篇章,考生应对文章进行分析和归纳,然后概括中心思想。

二、阅读步骤

1. 先看问题,再读文章。带着问题阅读短文,确定主攻方向,特别要注意首尾段和首尾句,把握文章的主题,摘取有用的材料。

2.细读全文,认真分析与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落,特别留心一些关键信息词。

3. 复读全文,验证答案。在选出全部答案后,应将答案带入问题中重读全文,看前后意思是否连贯,有无矛盾,若前后不一致或意思矛盾,则要考虑重选答案。

三、怎样才能提高初中学生的英语阅读理解能力,轻松应对中考呢?

1.大量阅读是提高阅读理解能力的必由之路

大量阅读可以使学过的语言知识得到复习和巩固,使语言能力得到发展和提高。在阅读量小,接触英文材料很少的情况下,所学语言知识就理解不深,掌握不好,且边学边忘,学习效率很低。

2.扩大词汇量是提高阅读理解能力的突破口

一个人掌握的词汇量多少与其语言水平的高低有密切

关系。D.A Wilkins说过,“事实上,没有语法不能传达很多东西,而没有词汇就不能传达任何东西。”在阅读过程中,如遇到生词,要尽量利用构词法知识和上下文关系,猜测新词的词义。

3.巩固并加深语法知识

初中学生要熟练掌握《大纲》、《课标》中的语法结构表,熟练掌握并运用语法知识。这样不仅有利于提高我们的听、说、写能力,而且有利于提高我们的阅读理解能力。

4.拓宽知识面,增加背景知识

中考英语阅读理解部分所选的文章,题材广泛,容丰富,

涉及的背景知识包括人物传记、社会、经济、文化、日常知识、科普知识等。平时要多读这类文章,不断拓宽知识面,丰富背景知识,考试时遇到类似的文章,就会感到比较容易,有利于成绩的提高。

总之,阅读理解能力在英语学习过程中起着举足轻重的作用。但冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。学生阅读理解能力的提高,既需要老师科学有效的指导,更要发挥学生的主体作用,掌握阅读的方法与技巧,这样才能提高阅读理解能力,轻松应对中考。

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