考研英语翻译讲座第2讲PPT课件
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考研英语翻译课件.ppt
►the specific demands that a government want to make of its scientific establishment
►special – define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格 拉底）way about moral problems.
►1996-2 This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government want to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
►reporter
►have a good command of a language or a skill
►optimistic – pessimistic
►1996-5 New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have arisen in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
►1994-4 Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.
►special – define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格 拉底）way about moral problems.
►1996-2 This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government want to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
►reporter
►have a good command of a language or a skill
►optimistic – pessimistic
►1996-5 New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have arisen in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
►1994-4 Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.
英语翻译 Unit 2PPT课件
• Parataxis (意合) is the arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them.
English / Chinese -- Practice
人不犯我，我不犯人。 说是说了，没有结果。 有饭大家吃。
Until all is over, ambition never dies. Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the opposite direction is inevitable. Smart as a rule, but this time a fool.
再现原语特色 再现原语文化信息
English / Chinese
Ben my uncle died have to go to the funeral
Richard said the teacher is silly
English / Chinese
Ben my uncle died have to go to the funeral
不到黄河心不死。 物极必反。 聪明一世，糊涂一时。
English / Chinese
Ambiguity in English and Chinese
English / Chinese
下雨天留我不留
① 下雨，天留我不留。 ② 下雨？天留我不留。 ③ 下雨天，留我不留？ ④ 下雨，天留，我不留。 ⑤ “下雨，天留我。” “不留。” ⑥ “下雨天留我？” “不留！” ⑦ “下雨天留我不？” “留！” ⑧ 下雨天留我不留？
5. Mr. Li is a student interpreter while his father is a student of life. They work at night using student lamps. 李先生是个见习译员，其父亲是个研究生命科学 的学者。夜间，父子俩都用可调亮度的台灯。
English / Chinese -- Practice
人不犯我，我不犯人。 说是说了，没有结果。 有饭大家吃。
Until all is over, ambition never dies. Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the opposite direction is inevitable. Smart as a rule, but this time a fool.
再现原语特色 再现原语文化信息
English / Chinese
Ben my uncle died have to go to the funeral
Richard said the teacher is silly
English / Chinese
Ben my uncle died have to go to the funeral
不到黄河心不死。 物极必反。 聪明一世，糊涂一时。
English / Chinese
Ambiguity in English and Chinese
English / Chinese
下雨天留我不留
① 下雨，天留我不留。 ② 下雨？天留我不留。 ③ 下雨天，留我不留？ ④ 下雨，天留，我不留。 ⑤ “下雨，天留我。” “不留。” ⑥ “下雨天留我？” “不留！” ⑦ “下雨天留我不？” “留！” ⑧ 下雨天留我不留？
5. Mr. Li is a student interpreter while his father is a student of life. They work at night using student lamps. 李先生是个见习译员，其父亲是个研究生命科学 的学者。夜间，父子俩都用可调亮度的台灯。
unit2翻译讲解研究生课程
3. The liar stereotype exists in just about every culture ,Bong wrote, and its persistence “would be less puzzling if we had more reason to imagine that it was true .”What is true ,instead, is that there are① as many ways to lie② as there are liars ;there is no such a thing as a dead giveaway. 邦德先生写道，关于撒谎的人的这种刻板的看法 几乎任何一种文化都存在着，而且“假设我们 用更多的理性去设想一下这种看法是否正确的 话，我们就会对这种看法之所以能够延续这么 长时间而少些迷惑。”事实上是有多少人撒谎， 就有多少种撒谎的办法；没有什么办法能完全 判断人们是否在撒谎。
4.But ,in general, even professional liecatchers, like judges and customs officials perform, when tested①, at a level not much better than chance. In other words, even the experts would have been ②right almost as often if they had just flipped a coin.
2.The idea that liars are easy to spot is still with us .Just last month, Charles Bond a psychologist ①at Texas Christian University, reported that among 2520 adults surveyed in 63 countries ②,more than 70 percent believe that liars avert their gazes. 至今仍有人相信撒谎的人是很容易被看出来的。 就在上月，德克萨斯州基督教大学的心理学 家查尔斯邦德发布了他的调查报告。他调查 了63个国家的2520名成年人，其中70%的调 查对象认为撒谎的人不敢直视别人的眼睛。
考研英语翻译技巧ppt课件
• 内科医生由于无力治愈癌症而感到挫败，并且担心病人失 去希望，往往提出一些过于积极的治疗，远远超出科学的 合理范围。
• The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
• 随着美国房价下跌，业主负担不起不断上升的利率，越来 越多的人断供，引发了次贷危机。次贷危机显示这些值得 尊敬的华尔街公司并不完美。
• Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move.
• 一些当地餐馆在广东人的婚礼上提供经典的九道菜 筵席，鱼翅传统上就在其中。保护组织已经游说这 些餐馆为新人提供一份没有鱼翅的菜单。
• But the fact that the answers to America's racial problems now lie in a more vibrant economy and the nitty gritty of politics and policing is itself a form of progress.
• 有些人不了解必须通过动物试验才能研究出这些疗
• The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
• 随着美国房价下跌，业主负担不起不断上升的利率，越来 越多的人断供，引发了次贷危机。次贷危机显示这些值得 尊敬的华尔街公司并不完美。
• Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move.
• 一些当地餐馆在广东人的婚礼上提供经典的九道菜 筵席，鱼翅传统上就在其中。保护组织已经游说这 些餐馆为新人提供一份没有鱼翅的菜单。
• But the fact that the answers to America's racial problems now lie in a more vibrant economy and the nitty gritty of politics and policing is itself a form of progress.
• 有些人不了解必须通过动物试验才能研究出这些疗
考研翻译中常见短语及英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧共41张PPT课件
我们如何能把她的思想从她悲痛的损失中引开。
Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. 他的许多思想对当代青年特别有趣。
Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
with a certain capacity for leaning that is biologically determined
“天性”论的支持者坚持，我们出生是带有某种学习能力， 这种学习能力是由生物因素决定的。
How can we divert her thoughts from her sad loss?
The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food .
6）Much less, still less引导的词组或从句，表示一种追加的否定。
I could not agree to, much less participate in such proceedings.
He knows a little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry.
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind,, it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. 他的许多思想对当代青年特别有趣。
Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
with a certain capacity for leaning that is biologically determined
“天性”论的支持者坚持，我们出生是带有某种学习能力， 这种学习能力是由生物因素决定的。
How can we divert her thoughts from her sad loss?
The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food .
6）Much less, still less引导的词组或从句，表示一种追加的否定。
I could not agree to, much less participate in such proceedings.
He knows a little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry.
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind,, it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
考研英语翻译技巧PPT课件
– 根据已知意义推测
• 第三种，词不认识。。。
– 填词造句（根据中文搭配）
16
account
There were several different accounts of the story in the newspaper.
She has a balance of five thousand dollars in her bank account.
4
第一部分 考研英语翻译概况
• 分值：共10分，每题2分
• 评分标准：
– 如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最 多不超过0.5分。
– 如果提供两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确， 给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法给 分
– 中文错别字不可别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在
不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，
7
• 1997动物的权力
• 1998宇宙的起源
• 1999史学研究的方法326
• 2000科学家与政府381
• 2001计算机与未来发展的困难339
• 2003人类学的简介371
• 2004语言与思维357
• 2005大众传媒
• 2006 美国的知识分子
• 2007法律与新
• 2008 达尔文自传
13
2、 要重点复习考研阅读和翻译中 出现的熟词僻意。
• 考研翻译的单词，表面上看，相当于阅读 来说，明显简单一些。然而，这些常见的、 看到直接能反应出它们意思的单词，考察 的却不是它的本意。考研翻译中存在许多 熟词僻意，这些词义必须准确无误地翻译 出来，否则一个单词就要扣掉0.5分。而每 道题2分，一个意群也只不过是0.5分，这样 因为一个单词毁掉一个意群，非常不值。
• 第三种，词不认识。。。
– 填词造句（根据中文搭配）
16
account
There were several different accounts of the story in the newspaper.
She has a balance of five thousand dollars in her bank account.
4
第一部分 考研英语翻译概况
• 分值：共10分，每题2分
• 评分标准：
– 如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最 多不超过0.5分。
– 如果提供两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确， 给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法给 分
– 中文错别字不可别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在
不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，
7
• 1997动物的权力
• 1998宇宙的起源
• 1999史学研究的方法326
• 2000科学家与政府381
• 2001计算机与未来发展的困难339
• 2003人类学的简介371
• 2004语言与思维357
• 2005大众传媒
• 2006 美国的知识分子
• 2007法律与新
• 2008 达尔文自传
13
2、 要重点复习考研阅读和翻译中 出现的熟词僻意。
• 考研翻译的单词，表面上看，相当于阅读 来说，明显简单一些。然而，这些常见的、 看到直接能反应出它们意思的单词，考察 的却不是它的本意。考研翻译中存在许多 熟词僻意，这些词义必须准确无误地翻译 出来，否则一个单词就要扣掉0.5分。而每 道题2分，一个意群也只不过是0.5分，这样 因为一个单词毁掉一个意群，非常不值。
考研英语翻译新东方VIP资料PPT课件
5
（2）从语法结构来讲，侧重考查若干短 语，如动词短语，分词短语（形容词短 语），不定式短语以及少量较难的介词 短语。此外，语法结构及逻辑关系比较 复杂,有时不做些语法分析和逻辑推理就 理不出头绪。还有若干代词，如it, they， that, this, one等，它们必须要根据上下文 才能确定其词义所指。以及一些较难的 从句，如what从句, 定语句，as从句等等。
17
皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的 成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历， 历中列出了人们可望看到的数百项重大 突破和发现的最迟日期。
18
The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than 100 years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.（2002）
2
一、翻译题解
总分
翻译
2003年 46.47 2004年 49.55 2005年 49.78 2006年 47.62 2007年 48.84 2008年 49.76
5.20 5.32 5.17 3.60 4.27 4.65
3
阅读理解题 考研大纲 “主要考察考生准确理解概念或结构较
复杂的英语文字材料的能力。”
6
（3）从词汇来讲，难度增大了，侧重考 查一词多义，一词转义，也就是说，所 考词汇，如果照字面直译多半会出差错， 必须通过上下文进行词义引伸，理解某 一词在具体场合的特定含义，才能做出 正确的译文，而死抠词字、句序、语态 往往会表达不通顺。
（2）从语法结构来讲，侧重考查若干短 语，如动词短语，分词短语（形容词短 语），不定式短语以及少量较难的介词 短语。此外，语法结构及逻辑关系比较 复杂,有时不做些语法分析和逻辑推理就 理不出头绪。还有若干代词，如it, they， that, this, one等，它们必须要根据上下文 才能确定其词义所指。以及一些较难的 从句，如what从句, 定语句，as从句等等。
17
皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的 成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历， 历中列出了人们可望看到的数百项重大 突破和发现的最迟日期。
18
The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than 100 years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.（2002）
2
一、翻译题解
总分
翻译
2003年 46.47 2004年 49.55 2005年 49.78 2006年 47.62 2007年 48.84 2008年 49.76
5.20 5.32 5.17 3.60 4.27 4.65
3
阅读理解题 考研大纲 “主要考察考生准确理解概念或结构较
复杂的英语文字材料的能力。”
6
（3）从词汇来讲，难度增大了，侧重考 查一词多义，一词转义，也就是说，所 考词汇，如果照字面直译多半会出差错， 必须通过上下文进行词义引伸，理解某 一词在具体场合的特定含义，才能做出 正确的译文，而死抠词字、句序、语态 往往会表达不通顺。
考研英语翻译(第二讲)PPT课件
Choose literal or free translation according to specific situations, or combine them to achieve accurate, fluent, and natural translation effects.
Addition and subtraction of vocabulary and
Translation
Translation Definition and Importance
Translation definition
To accurately and fluently express the content expressed in one language in another language.
Importance
Translation is a bridge of language communication that helps promote communication and understanding between different cultures and ethnic
groups.
conversion, sentence structure
deletions are made to the original
conversion, etc., to make the
text as needed to make the
translation more authentic and
translation more in line with the
natural through conversion.
expression habits of the target
Addition and subtraction of vocabulary and
Translation
Translation Definition and Importance
Translation definition
To accurately and fluently express the content expressed in one language in another language.
Importance
Translation is a bridge of language communication that helps promote communication and understanding between different cultures and ethnic
groups.
conversion, sentence structure
deletions are made to the original
conversion, etc., to make the
text as needed to make the
translation more authentic and
translation more in line with the
natural through conversion.
expression habits of the target
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精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 以上各例，均不宜按原文字面意义直接译出，否 则，会令人感到莫名其妙，不知所云。
• 直译与意译是相对的，而不是绝对的。无论直译 还是意译，都只能限定在一定的条件和范：
• Kill two birds with one stone.
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 意译，是指译文与原文因表达方式上的差异，不便或无法 将原文的思想内容或形象直接表现出来，需要译者根据原 文的意思用自己的话恰如其分地将其译出。这就需要译者 付出创造性的劳动，从整体上把握句子或篇章的内容。例 如：
• 1. It rains cats and dogs. • 大雨如注 • 2 Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it. • 不必担心过早。（不必自寻烦恼。） • 3. Love me, love my dog. • 爱屋及乌。 • 4. Do you see any green in my eye? • 你以为我是好欺骗的吗？
• 按直译法，此句可译作“一石二鸟”；按意译法， 此句可译作汉语的成语“一箭双雕”，“一举两 得”。不少英语句子根据不同的上下文，既可用 直译来翻译，又可用意译来处理。如：
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 5. Every life has its roses and thorns. • 直译：每个人的一生都既有玫瑰，又有荆棘。 • 意译：人生总是有苦有乐，甘苦参半。 • 6. Valuable left in full view can be open invitation to theft. • 直译：把贵重物品放在明眼处，等于是给小偷发请帖。 • 意译：应妥善保管贵重物品，以防被盗。 • 7. A gift is the key to open the door closed against you. • 直译：礼物是打开把你关在门外的房门的钥匙。 • 意译：大门把你关在外，礼物送到门自开。（礼物是敲
beginning of June, when the summer harvest will start. • 我们6月初要下乡去，那时夏收就要开始了。 • 2. I stayed till noon, when I went home. • 我一直呆到中午， 然后就回家了。 • 3. When the teacher had left the classroom, the pupils started talking. • 老师离开教室以后，学生们就喧哗起来。
• 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节 目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些 汽车排污超标（违规），监控器就会使其 停驶。
• 定语从句when在此句中应翻译为“一旦” • When的不同译法：在以下各例中，when
都不宜译作“当”、“当……时候”。
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
有关when的翻译练习： • 1. We’ll go to the countryside at the
• win-win
• 这些词组短语直接翻译过来，对应了原文的字面意义，保留了原文的 生动形象。再如关于“死”的说法，英汉均有非常丰富的委婉表达方 法。对于不同的对象，“死”的用法也各有讲究，直译较能生动地表 现出原文的风格面貌、形象特点：
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• breathe one’s last • 断气 • see God • 见上帝 • see one’s ancestors • 见祖先 • see Marx • 见马克思 • go west • 上西天 • go to heaven • 进天国 • kick the bucket • 蹬腿儿了
• lose professional identity • 直译：丧失职业身份 • 意译：让人看不出职业身份 • step out of uniform • 直译：从制服中跨出来 • 意译：脱下（不穿）制服
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 参考译文：对于护士、警察、理发师或是 服务员来说，还有什么比脱下制服更容易 的方法使人们看不出他们的职业身份呢？
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
第二讲 直译意译 抓住要点
• I. 直译与意译
• 直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中尽量保持原文的形式— 特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。例如:
• be armed to teeth • 武装到牙齿 • Crocodile’s tears • 鳄鱼的眼泪 • chain reaction
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 意译应当注重事实依据，不能无中生有、信口开河，否则 就会变成胡译、乱译。在一般的情况下，应当尽量考虑用 直译的方法。在直译无法或不便于表达的情况下，可以考 虑用意译来解决问题。下面是运用意译的一道英译汉试题。
• What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?
门砖。） • 8. What the tongue says, the neck pays for. • 直译：舌头说话，脖子还账。 • 意译：舌头闯祸，脖子遭殃。
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• II. 运用直译与意译的要点 • 无论是直译还是意译，均需以理解原文为前提。 • 直译应当便于理解，切忌望文生义，并非全都按字面译出，譬如： • go to bed • 不能按字面理解为“去上床”，而是“去睡觉” • show sb. the door • 不是“把门指给某人看”而是“把某人撵出门” • talk shop • 不是“谈商店”而是“说行话” • talk horse • 不是“谈马”而是“吹牛” • bull‘s eye • 靶心 • tiger cat • 虎纹猫（豹斑猫）
• 或：作为护士、警察、理发师或是服务员， 还有什么方法比脱下制服更容易掩盖他们 的职业身份呢？
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 考题实例：There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. （2001）