沪教版-英语-八上- Unit1 讲义
Unit 1 Encyclopaedias课前检测1.在农村2.human being3. 消失，灭绝4.go for a walk5. 因…而著名6.for example7. 在…末尾ed to do sth9.出生在某地10.look up11. 长大12.remember to do sthGetting ready1. look it uplook up 为固定搭配,意为“（在字典、参考书中）查找”，后接名词或代词作宾语，look up后若跟代词作宾语，代词应放在look 和up之间。
短语：look up……in…… 在……中查找……Eg: You can his telephone number in the telephone book.If we don’t know how to use a word , we can in a dictionary.【同类归纳】look的其他常用短语look at look forlook after look overlook like look through2.Da Vinci was born in the countryborn (动词；形容词)短语：be born in+ 出生在……be born on + 出生在……be born of+ 出生于…..Eg: She China on September 23.3.include （动词）指在一个整体中包括了其中一部分内容或项目，强调包含的部分。
Eg: The clubs in our school music club, English club and so on。
famous （形容词）短语：be famous for…… 因……而著名be famous as…… 作为……而著名Eg: China The Great Wall and pandas.He a table tennis player.5.For example【易混辨析】It’s not polite to do so, ,you take away your classmate’s book without permission.He likes sprots, football,basketball and swimming.more than 意为“”，相当于over,常与数词连用;反义词为意为“”。
Eg:He was ill for two weeks.The children spend less than three hours on English every day.拓展No more than not more thanMore than one + 单数名词some……others…… ，others指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。
Eg: In summer camp, are playing basketball, are playing volleyball.die out ，是不及物动词短语，后不接宾语，不用于被动语态。
If people don’t stop cutting forests,more animals will died out.9.However,some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.however （副词）（可位于句首、句中、句尾，在使用时要用逗号将其与句子的其他部分隔开）Eg: It’s raining hard .However, I still want to go there.【易混辨析】However与butI really don’t like cheese, I will try a little this time.10.However,we can learn about them from their fossilslearn about （动词短语）Eg: How did you learn about the meeting ?help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事= help sb with sth 帮助某人某事Eg: Can you English ? = Can you my English ?remember 是动词，意为“”，后常跟名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或that从句。
Remember to do sth.意为“ ”Remember doing sth意为“”Eg:Do you remember the singer ?I remember to buy the coffee.I remember posting letters for you.13.Then,suddenly,they all died outall作为代词，指“（）全部”，常和介词of连用，构成all of……结构，意为“”,其后接可数名词的复数形式，还可接人称代词宾格的复数形式。
Eg: All of the students in our class like English.All of them are my friend.【易混辨析】both表示“（两者）都”，而all表示“（三者或三者以上的）全部”Eg: I like both of the stories.14.Perhaps you will do something important or even become famous one day形容词修饰不定代词的用法注意：形容词修饰不定代词，形容词要放在不定代词之后。
Eg: There is something wrong with my bike. (wrong是形容词，放在something后)Listening15.She can find out about many interesting things through books.find out （通常指经过努力发现事情的真相）Eg: At last , the teacher who sent her the card.【易混辨析】look for,find out与find outlook for 表示“寻找”，强调找的动作find 表示“找到”，强调找的结果find out 强调经过研究，计算或探寻等方法得知结果或真相16.Ten million people watched the programmemillion意为“”，当其与具体数字连用时，million后不能加-s和of, 后面直接接可数名词复数。
当其与of连用表示约数时，million必须加s，构成短语millions of，意为“数百万的”，后接可数名词复数。
Eg: The population of city is more than one million.Jack had millions of fans.1. The word _______five letters.A is made upB makes up ofC is made up of2.If you don’t know the new word. You can ________in the dicyionary.A look up itB look it upC look for itD look it for3.Guilin is famous ________its green hills and clear water.A withB ofC forD to4.Old Mr black lives happily with his three dogs. _______of them are part of his family.A BothB AllC NoneD Neither5.We can learn a lot_____ Chinese history from this book.A aboutB forC ofD from6.---Could you help me _______this box ?It’s too heavy. ---Of course.A carryingB carryC carriesD to carrying7.I’m busy now. I have _______to do.A anything importantB something importantC important anythingD important something8.Remember ______the book to the library when you finish it.A to returnB returnC returningD returns9.Basketball is so exciting that _______people play it for fun.A millionB two millionsC million ofD millions of10.There are sixty people in the classroom, _______(包括) five teachers.11.他出生于1998年3月8号。
He_______ _______on March 8th.12.他们以多彩的生活而闻名。
They are famous _______their colorful life.13. Kobe’s fans watched his final match and of them were men.lion of; three fourthsB.Three million; third fourlion of; three fourthsD.Three million; third fours14.Please when the train leaves.A.lookB.look forC.findD.find out15.When the baby couldn’t her mother,she began to cry.A.findB.find outC.look forD.look16.In 2022,Beijing will host the Winter Olympics. my brother and I want to watch it.A.NeitherB.AllC.EitherD.Both17.Neither my father nor my mother is able to drive a car. ,they are going to buy one.A.UntilB.HoweverC.BeforeD.Because18.There are lots of people in the park today.some are walking and are boating.A.anotherB.the otherC.othersD.other19.—Hainan its blue sky and fresh air.—So it is.That’t why more and more visitors spend their holidays here.A.is weak inB.is famous forC.is used to20.Do you think the cost （包含）both the house and furniture.阅读能力提升与拓展完型填空Television plays an important part in our daily life. Children enjoy watching TV. Some ___1___ are happy about that because it stops their children from playing with dangerous things. Watching TV can help your children __2____ about lots of things, such as music, other countries, and many other things. They will learn much more about the outside world.However, it’s ___3__ to say that watching TV doesn’t do harm to children. You can’t let them watch TV as __4___ as they want. Watching TV takes up a lot of time. Children need to ___5___ the world by themselves, not just from TV. Besides, children need to move around and do lots of __6____. Sitting on the chairs and watching TV too much will make children become fatter. It is __7___ worse when the TV programs are ___8___ of violent scenes （暴力场景）. These things are bad for children.As parents, you should choose the right programs for them, and shouldn’t leave the TV on all day. Turn it off right after their p rograms __9____. Never put a TV in your children’s ___10__.1. A. parents B. schools C. teachers D. students2. A. look B. forget C. think D. learn3. A. wrong B. friendly C. right D. careful4. A. much B. many C. little D. few5. A. look B. invent C. know D. watch6. A. sports B. homework C. parties D. programs7. A. very B. so C. too D. even8. A. fond B. full C. proud D. afraid9. A. go B. come C. begin D. end10. A. school B. room C. classroom D. home阅读理解Shane is a man from space. He thinks the people and things on the earth are very strange. He is now writing a letter to his friend at home. Here is part of his letter. Read it and answer the questions.Now I am in a strange world. It is very nice. There are many new things here. There are many earth monsters here, too. The earth monsters look very funny. They have just one head, two arms and two legs. They have thin black strings(线) on their heads. Some earth monsters have brown or yellow strings. The earth monsters have a hole in their face. Every day, they put nice things and balls from the trees into the hole. They put water into the hole, too. The earth monsters do not walk very fast. They move from place to place in tin boxes.At night, the earth monsters like to look at a square window box. This box has very small earth monsters in it.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
2024八年级英语上册Unit1EncyclopaediasGrammar课件沪教版
are singular.
语法讲解 A some和any的用法 1 some和any都表示“一些；某些”的意思，都可以修饰可数名词复数形式和
不可数名词。some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句、疑问句中。如： Some students are running on the playground. 一些学生在操场上跑步。 There is some water in the glass. 杯子里有一些水。 There isn’t any milk in the fridge. 冰箱里没牛奶。 Do you have any questions to ask? 你们有什么问题要问吗？ 2 当some用于疑问句时，表示请求、建议，并期望得到对方的肯定回答。如： Would you like some fish? 想吃点儿鱼吗？ May I have some grapes? 我可以吃点儿葡萄吗？
and ______ could be seen clearly．
A. anything B. something C. nothing
D. everything
（2018·青岛中考）
dies and gentlemen, attention please! I have _____ important to tell you.
nobody = no one 没有人
nothing 没有东西；没事
everybody = everyone 人人；所有人 everything所有事物；一切
2 复合不定代词相当于名词，在句中作主语和宾语。这些代词都作单数看待，作主语时
沪教版-英语-八上-unit 1 grammar 参考课件
My grandpa asked me to pass him the salt.
• 妈妈提醒我晚饭不要迟到。
My mum reminded me not to be late for dinner.
CONCLUSION
We use some and any to talk about amounts. somebody, anybody,nobody etc.
Exercises
1. 根据括号中的中文，用动词不定式完成句子。 1) No one could tell me _w_h_e_r_e__to__fin_d_(哪里能找到) this p_ia_n_o_(弹钢琴) when she was 70 years
some some milk
some potaoes any bread
any eggs
B. somebody and anybody,nobody,etc.
I saw somebody/someone/something I did not see anybody/anyone/anything. Did you see anybody/anyone/anything? I saw nobody/no one/nothing.
We use
and before (plural/singular)
countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
We usually use (some/any) in positive statements.
We usually use (some/any) in negative statements
A. some and any
沪教版英语八年级上册《Unit1Encyclopaedias1Reading》优质课课件
Let’s read two articles from an encyclopaedia to get some information.
Da Vinci, Leonardo
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was
an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.
Name: _D_o_r_a_a_n_d_t_he Cat Painter: _Pa_b_l_o _P_ic_a_s_so____
Name: _T__he__M_o_n_a_L_i_sa__ Painter: _D_a_V_i_nc_i_, _L_eo_n_a_r_do
列奥纳多·达·芬奇
The Mona Lisa is perhaps the most famous painting
in the world.
Name: _I_m_p_r_es_s_io_n__of__S_u_nrise Painter: _C_la_u_d_e_M_o_n_e_t_
克劳德·莫奈
• If you want to know more about the paintings and artists, you can use……
Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very
a. painter
2024八年级英语上册Unit1EncyclopaediasMorepractice课件沪教版
A. take
B. took
C. takes D. are taking
5 Look, the monkey is _______ the tree.
A. growing
B. cleaning C. catching D. climbing
6 — Hi, Lucy. I bought _____ encyclopaedia yesterday. It’s very interesting.
A. VC. Violist
3. We can look for more information on Violoncello from the subject
“________”.
A. Violist
B. Violin
C. Cello
4. If we want to find information on the different sizes of violins, the key word
1, We have read another encyclopaedia article about big attractions in Australia. 2.We have learned how to use encyclopaedias.
一、根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺单词。 1. The light comes in t_h_r_o_u_g_h___ the window. 2. The watermelon is a t_y_p_e__ of fruit. 3. I think David’s suggestion will w_o_rk___ .Let’s do as he suggested. 4. There are many big a_tt_r_ac_t_io_n_s__ in Guangzhou, such as the Canton Tower. 5. I enjoy the beautiful v_i_e_w__ of the beach in the starlight.
沪教版-英语-八上-unit-1-words-参考课件
is perhaps John's.
7.notebook n.笔记本
Copy this page in your notebook.
Take notes
8. include v. 包括 have sth as a part These people include teachers,doctors, engineers and students .
Win---winner (n) Win sth & beat sb.
We beat Class 5 and finally won the match.
15. Dollar(s)
n.元（美国、加拿大等国货币单位）
This schoolbag costs me 50 dollars.
Conclusion & Exercise STEP FIVE
1. I gcan read these new words fluently.
2. I know the basic meaning and usage of these key words.
3. I can use these key words properly.
1. read these new words for three times. 2. Preview the passage for reading.
All of a sudden: suddenly
adj. sudden
12.nobody pron.没有人 no people or no one
somebody
anybody
no thing nowhere
some body anybody
沪教牛津版-英语-八上-Unit 1 Lesson 1 Computers reading
Unit 1 Lesson 1 Computers reading教学目标：Teaching objectives:Ⅰ. Knowledge and skills:1. Studen ts will be able to talk about computer skills.2. Students will be able to talk about the Internet.Ⅱ.Pr ogress and Methods:1. Students will be able to develop their abilities of learning independently,cooperation with others and sharing with others.2. Students will be able to learn how to use the knowledge into prac tice.Ⅲ.Emotions and values:1.S tudents will be able to arouse the interest of learning English.2.Students will be able to realize the advantages and disadvan tages of the Internetand have a right attitude to the Internet.3.Students will be able to realize that all the things have two sides.Language focus and difficult points:To talk about the Internet.Teaching procedures:Ⅰ.Pre-task:Daily Talk: The advantages and disadvantages of computersIt can help us:Do schoolworkKeep in touch with peopleGet the lastest informationMake friends with Net-palsBroaden our mindsEnrich our knowledgeRelaxSome of us may:Waste a lot of time onlinePay less attention to lessonsMake friends with bad peopleⅡ.While-task:1.Listen to the tape and then finish the exercise P6.2.Pair work: talk about your computer skills after the model.A: Were you able to do word processing before the computer lessons?B: No, I wasn’t, but I’m able to do it now.A: Are you able to surf the Internet now?B: I’m afraid not, but I’ll be able to do it after the computer lessons. Whatabout you?A: I can do both of them, but I’m not a ble to make a homepage yet.B: You ought to learn from Peter. His computer skills are excellent.3.read the reading by themselves and then fill in the blanks4.Underline some important phrases and sentences in the reading.5.Notes of the reading.key points in reading:1.among the greatest inventions of the twentieth century= one of…lions of websites and homepages3.need information for a school project4.play chess 下棋5.fun 乐趣 funny有“滑稽可笑”之意 a funny clownWhat a lot of fun=What great fun 多么大的乐趣啊6.比较:bring ,takebring here: “带来”, tak e there“带去”7.keep in touch with your friends in different places8.regular mail 常规的take some regular exercisemeet regularly 定期地，定时地9.need 情态动词 need do 否定：needn’t do实意动词 need to do don’t need to doneed sth don’t need sth_________ help me; ___________any help10.chat with sb 和某人交谈 chatted chattingenjoy doing sth.类似： finish完成, mind介意, practice练习, miss错过suggest建议, keep保持can’t help doing不禁 spend/waste time花时间/ 浪费时间be busy doing忙于11.Besides, = In addition, = What’s more,Be sides +A = In addition to +A12.order foodbe out of order 有毛病，出故障13.book tickets for cinema, theatres, and holidays14.in brief = in one/a word简言之= all in all= briefly= in short15.make sb./sth + adj. 使得某人/某物变得----类似的:keep sb/sth+adj.Ⅲ.Post-task:Homework1. Write about your computer skills.2. Recite new phrases in Reading。
八年级上册英语泸教版unit1知识点
八年级上册英语泸教版unit1知识点八年级上册英语泸教版Unit 1知识点Unit1讲述了介绍自己及家人，并掌握一些日常用语，如问名字、数字等等。
本文将对此单元的重点知识点进行详细阐述。
一. 介绍自己在介绍自己时，需要掌握以下词汇和表达方式：1. My name is… 我的名字是…2. I’m… 我是…3. I come from… 我来自…4. Nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
5. How about you? 你呢？6. And you? 你呢？二. 介绍家人在介绍家人时，需要掌握以下词汇和表达方式：1. This is my… 这是我的…2. He/She is… 他/她是…3. Father 父亲；Dad 爸爸；Mother 母亲；Mom 妈妈；Brother 兄弟；Sister 姐妹4. Do you have any siblings? 你有兄弟姐妹吗？5. Yes, I have a brother/a sister. 是的，我有一个兄弟/姐妹。
6. No, I’m an only child. 不，我是独生子女。
三. 日常交流在日常交流中，需要掌握以下日常用语：1. How are you? 你好吗？2. I’m fine, thank you. 我很好，谢谢。
3. What’s your favorite subject? 你最喜欢的科目是什么？4. My favorite subject is… 我最喜欢的科目是…5. Can you spell your name? 你能拼出你的名字吗？6. How do you spell…? … 怎么拼写？7. Wha t’s your phone number? 你的电话号码是多少？8. It’s… 这是…9. Excuse me, what time is it? 对不起，请问现在几点了？10. It’s…以上内容是本单元的重点知识点，需要同学们认真掌握，以便更好地学习英语，并在实际生活中能够自如地运用。
牛津版沪教版英语八年级(上)Unit-1-Encyclopaedias-词句讲解+练习+答案
Unit 1 Encyclopaedias词汇讲解1. look uplook up 意为“（在词典或参考书中）查阅，检查”，其后跟名词作宾语，名词可放在look和up之间，也可放在look up 之后；如果代词作宾语，则只能放在look和up之间。
例如：Look up the word in the book, and you will know its meaning.在书中查查这个词，你就知道它的意思了。
Please look them up in the dictionary carefully. 请仔细在词典中查一下它们。
`【拓展】（1）look up意为“仰视；向上看”。
例如：He looked up as I came into the room. 我进入房间时，他抬起头来看了看。
（2）look 的相关短语：look for寻找look over (医生)仔细检查look around 环顾四周look after照看￥look at 看……look down on 看不起2. abilityability作名词，意为“才能；能力”。
表示“能力”时，多为不可数名词；表示“才能；才干”时，多为复数形式。
例如：He is a man of ability. 他是个能力的人。
He is a man of many abilities. 他是个多才多艺的人。
I think he has the ability to do it. 我认为他有能力做这件事。
￥【拓展】able作形容词，意为“能够……的；有能力的；能干的”。
常用结构为be able to do sth.，意为“能够做某事”。
例如：He is an able man. 他是一个能人。
We shall be able to deal with all sorts of problem. 我们应该能够应付各种困难。
3. includeinclude作动词，意为“包含；包括”。
沪教版-英语-八上-unit 1 listening & speaking 参考课件
STEP ONE LEAD-IN: READING FOR REVISION
1. Da Vinic was born in the countryside.
2. He was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.
As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things.
1. Work in pairs, read the conversation below and stress the underlined words
Daisy: Happy birthday, Benny. This is for you. Benny: An encyclopaedia? Thank you, Daisy! Daisy: You're welcome. I'm sure you'll learn
B Speak up S1: Do you know anything about Leonardo da Vinci? S2: Yes. He inting is th eMona Lisa. S1:When and where was he born? S2: He was born in Italy in 1452. S1:Did he do any other things? S2: Yes, He was also an inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.
4. Try to retell the programme with
key words in groups.
沪教版英语八年级上册u1u8reading原文(含习题)说课讲解
Unit1 EncyclopaediasLook it up!Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.Da Vinci, LeonardoLeonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art)DinosaursDinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even fly.Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history)Module 1C VocabularyC1 The words in italics are from the two articles. Circle the correct answers to complete these sentences.1 When somebody is born, he/she .a comes out of his/her mother's body c leaves his/her parentsb goes to see a doctor2 Benny's grandparents live in the countryside. They live the city.a insideb outsidec in the centre of3 Birds have a musical ability. They sing.a canb cannotc are happy to4 The book includes some beautiful photos. These photos are the book.a part ofb at the end ofc connected to5 A human being is a(n) .a animalb machinec personC2 Complete the article below with the words from the box. Change their forms if necessary.even however invention notebook perhaps scientistWhen I was young, I used to keep a .I wrote many poems and drew many pictures of different in it.They were not very good, but they helped me think and dream. Now I am a famous and I do many important things.my journey began when I was at school, with my studies, and my poems and pictures.I was a student just like you. you will do something important or become famous one day. Just remember to think and to dream.D ComprehensionD1 Below are some notes about the encyclopaedia articles, but some of the facts are wrong. Read the articles and correct the notes if necessary.1 Da Vinci, Leonardoa he lived from 1425 to 1519.b He was born in the city.c He showed great artistic ability from an early age.d He is famous for his paintings and books.2 Dinosaursa They lived on Earth more than 60 thousand years before human beings.b Some were Small;others were huge.c All of them ate meat.d Some died out Suddenly.D2 Read the articles again and complete the answers to the questions below.1 Who was Leonardo da Vinci?He was .2 What is his most famous painting?It is .3 What did dinosaurs eat?Many of them ate . Some liked to eat .4 How long did dinosaurs live on Earth before they disappeared?They lived on Earth for .5 Flow can we learn about dinosaurs today?We can learn about them .More practiceA Read the following encyclopaedia article about big attractions in Australia and answer the questions below.Australia's big attractionsAustralia is a very big country. It also has many big attractions.The Big BananaThe Big Banana is in Coffs Harbour. It was made in 1964 by john Landy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana. The idea worked. Many people visited his fruit shop and took pictures of the Big Banana. Soon people all over Australia began making big things.The Big MerinoThe Big Merino is in the city of Goulburn. Merinos are a type of sheep. They can live in dry weather. Some places in Australia are very dry, so these sheep are very important to the farmers there. Inside the Big Merino, there isa small muscun'. about the history of wool in Australia. Visitors can also climb up to the Big Merino's head and look at the view through its eyes.1When was the Big Banana built?2 Why was the Big Banana built?3 Why are merinos important to the farmers in Australia?4 What can you find inside the Big Merino?5 What can you do inside the Big Merino's head?Unit 2 NumbersThe king and the riceA long time ago, there was a king in India. The king’s favourite game was chess.One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. The king promised the old man, “ You can have any prize if you win the game.”The old man said, “If I win the game, I’d like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for the third, and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.”“Is that all?” asked the king. “Wouldn’t you like gold or silver instead?”“No, just rice,” replied the old man.The king and the old man played the game for a long time. Finally, the old man won. So the king ordered his men to collect a bag of rice. He put one grain on the first square, two on the second, and so on. The king quickly realized the problem --- even with all the rice in the country, he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares!C VocabularyC1 The words in italics are from the story. Match the two halves of these sentences to make them meaningful.1 When you ask a wise person for help, a you tell him/her that you will give him/her thepresent for sure.2 If you promise somebody a present b you know something is wrong.3 If you get a prize in a game, c you get the number 4.4 When you double the number 2. d you want him/her to give you good advice.5 When you realize the problem, e you win something for doing very well.C2 Complete the story below with the words from the box. Change their forms if necessary.double prize promise realize wiseA young man once talked to a old man. "I won a and have a little gold now, but I want much more," he said. "Can you help me?"The old man looked at him. "I can teach you how to make more money if you to follow my advice." he said.The young man agreed. Then the old man took the young man to a window. "Look outside," he said. "I can see nothing but an empty field," the young man said. "Use your money to buy this field," said the old man, "and grow some cotton. In a year, you can sell the cotton and your money."The young man what the old man meant. From then on he was not lazy any more. He worked hard all year round.D ComprehensionD1 Read the story on page 19 and complete the table below.Where the story took place . Who was in the story the king and a .What happened in the story The beginningThe king challenged to a game.The king promised to give him if he wonthe game.The middle They played the game for .The endingwon the game, but the king did not have to give him.D2 Find facts in the story to support these statements about the king. Write down the facts.1 The king loved to play games. (The king's favourite ...)2 The king thought the old man asked too little for the prize. ("Is that all?" ...)3 The king did not have enough rice for the old man. (The king quickly realized ...)More practiceRead the online article and then complete the flow chart about the development ofcounting methods.Counting before numbersBefore the invention of written numbers, people used many different ways to count things.At first, people used their fingers, and eveii their toes. However,they could only count small numbers in this way.After that, they began to make small marks on sticks and bones. This helped them count bigger numbers. They used them to count things like the days of the month, the amount of food and the number of animals they had.Then people began to use tokens made from clay or small stones. This helped them count even bigger numbers. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could carry them around easily. This developed into tools like the abacus.Finally, people began to develop systems of written marks to show different numbers, and this led to the Hindu-Arabic system (0-9). We are still using this system today.First, people used .After that, they made .Then they used .finally, they began to develop .This led to .Unit 3 ComputersComputer factsSmaller and betterIn the 1940s, the first computers were bigger than cars. Now computers are becoming smaller and better.Some computers are tiny. You may be unaware of them. There is probably one inside your TV or washing machine. You depend on computers more than you realize.What can we do with computers?We can use computers to calculate. They can calculate at a faster speed than we can and almost never give wrong answers. We can also type and draw things with them. In addition, computers can do important jobs like operating railways and flying planes and spaceships.Is a computer cleverer than me?The answer is “No”. Your brain can produce new ideas but computers cannot. However, one day computers may be able to a better job than human beings. For example, they may be better than doctors at doing their job.What will happen to us if computers can do all our jobs? Will we have nothing to do? Computers may change our lives, but will they make them better?C VocabularyC1 The words in italics explain the meanings of some words. Find these words to complete the sentences. Change their forms if necessary.1 if something is very small, it is2 Some voting people always need help from their parents. They should learn to themselves.3 We had fun and learnt something new as well. We had a good time. ,we learnt a lot.4 When we make a machine work, we it.C2 Complete the conversation below with the words from the box.depend on expensive in addition speedMark: I bought a new computer.Helen: Why?Mark: I bought my first computer five years ago. I used it almost every day, and it became really slow. Helen: I see. So how's your new computer?Mark: It was really ,but it works at a much faster than my old one. ,it has a larger monitor.Helen: I also my computer a lot these days. I use it to write reports, and to get on the Internet too. My computer works well, so I'm not going to buy a new one.D ComprehensionD 1 Read the article and complete the answers with the examples from the article.1 S1: There may be tiny computers in your home.S2: Where, for example?S1: Inside your _ or .2 S1: We can do many things with computers in our daily life.S2: For example?S1: We can , _,and with them.3 Sl: Computers can do some important jobs.S2: For example?S1: They can and .4 Si: One day, computers may be able to do a better job than human beings.S2: For example?S1: They .D2 Read the article again and answer the questions below in complete sentences.1 What were the first computers like?.2 Why are we unaware of some computers?.3 Are computers cleverer than you and me? Why or why not?.More practiceA Read the script of a speech by a head teacher and answer the questions below.Computer game problemsGood afternoon, parents and teachers. Thank you for attending this meeting.Last weekend, one of our students went to hospital. The student played computer games on the Internet all day Saturday without stopping to drink, eat or sleep. Finally, he became very ill.Some students play computer games for too long. This is a serious problem. In the past, students used to play outside more often, but now they spend more time in front of computers. This is bad for their health. Tomorrow we'll have some experts here to talk to the students about the bad effects of playing computer games. They'll also give some advice on how to use computers for studying.I hope we can all work together to stop students from spending too much time playing computer games. Thank you for your time.1Who is attending the meeting?2Why did the student become ill?3What is the serious problem?4Who will talk to the students tomorrow?5 What will they talk about?Unit 4 Inventions-Great inventionsGreat inventions change the world. They help people live a better life. The following are three of the most important inventions in history.The wheelThe wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history. After its invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable. A few thousand years ago, people started to use wheels on carriages. In the early 19th century, the first trains began to carry passengers. At the start of the 20th century, cars became popular. Without the wheel, we would not have these inventions.The telephoneAlexander Graham Bell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1876. Since then, people have been able to speak to each other over long distances. Today millions of people across the world own mobile phones. They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.The light bulbThomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879. Before the invention of the light bulb, people had to use oil lamps, gas lamps or candles to see at night. With light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evening as they can in the daytime. Can you imagine living without them?C VocabularyC1 Find words from the article that have similar meanings to the words in italics below.1 My new shoes felt nice and soft.2 This modern city was only a small village a hundred years ago.3 All the people on the bus got excited when they arrived at the Great Wall.4 The company produced a new camera last year.5 The swimming pool is open during the day.C2 Complete the conversation below with the words from the box. Change their forms if necessary.anytime century comfortable daytime passengerBill: When did people first start using cars?Maggie: People developed the first cars in the 1880s, and they started using cars a lot in the early 20th.Bill: I'm sure the people were very happy because cars are so fast and . Maggie: Not really. These early cars were very slow. They also created a lot of problems.Bill: What do you mean?Maggie: Most people still had horses then, and the new cars made loud noises and frightened them. Also, often got very dirty after a long ride, so many people didn't use them.Bill: I suppose that people could only drive in the because those cars didn't have lights. Maggie: That's not true. They had lights, so people could drive them .SkimmingSkimming means to read an article quickly to get its general idea. To skim an article, you should look at its introduction, title, sub-headings, photos or pictures, and the first and last sentences of each paragraph.D ComprehensionD1 Read the article and complete the table below.The wheel The telephone The light bulb Inventor Don't know.Life after the invention Travelling became People can People canas they can in thedaytime.D2 Read the article again and answer the questions below in complete sentences.1 Which of the three things was invented first?2 What inventions did the wheel make possible?3 How do mobile phones help people keep in touch with each other?4 How (lid people see at night before the invention of the light bulb?More practiceA Read the article about the inventor of the ballpoint pen, Laszlo Biro. Then answer the questions below.A pen giantDo you know Laszlo Biro? Maybe you do not, but you probably use his invention every day, and you may even have it in your hand right now!Biro (1899-1985) was the inventor of the ballpoint pen. He was born in Budapest, Hungary. In the 1930s, when he worked as a newspaper editor, he used a fountain pen almost every day. However, he had to refill it all the time. The ink also did not dry easily, and it sometimes made a mess on the. paper. Biro wanted a better pen. His brother, George, helped him develop a special ink. The ink dried easily. Then they developed a new type of pen.There was a tiny ball at the tip of the pen. The ball rolled ink onto paper as it moved. They called it the "ballpoint" pen.The ballpoint pen was a great success. Everyone loved it. Now millions of people use it all over the world every day.People will always remember Biro for his invention. Today in many English-speaking countries, people still use the word "biro" to refer to any kind of ballpoint pen.1Why did Biro decide to invent the ballpoint pen?2 How did Biro's brother help him invent the ballpoint pen?3 How does the ballpoint pen work?4 How do people remember Biro for his invention today?Unit 5 Educational exchangesAn exchange visit is educational and interesting!A group of British students from Woodpark School in London are visiting Xinhua Junior High School in Beijing on an educational exchange.“I was very nervous at first,” says Sarah. “However, my host family are really friendly. I’m glad to be a guest in their home. I’ve learnt to use chopsticks, and they’re teaching me a little Chinese!”The students spend the weekdays studying with Chinese students. At the weekend, they tour around Beijing and visit places of interest with their host families.“It’s been a fantastic experience so far,” says Eric. “ I’ve learnt a bit of t’ai chi, and I really enjoy it. We’ve already lear nt a lot about Chinese culture and history. The teachers have introduced us to Chinese painting as well. We’ll also tried to paint some pictures ourselves! I haven’t had much success yet, but I’ll keep trying.”“I’ve made many new friends,” says Sarah.”I p lan to keep in touch with them when I return home. We’ll see one another soon because they’ll come over to the UK for the second part of the exchange next month. I can’t wait!”C VocabularyCl The words in italics explain the meanings of some words. Find these words to complete the sentences.1 1 am happy to meet you. I am we met.2 A person who is invited to stay at another person's home is a .3 Helen goes to school from Monday to Friday. She has classes on4 The cake was really excellent. It tasted .5 Bob has got good exam results. His parents are proud of hisC2 Complete the diary below with the words from the box.already exchange introduceculture experience tourFriday, 8 JulyTomorrow I'm going to take part in an exchange programme in London. I'll be there for two weeks. Over the two weeks. I hope to learn about British and practise my English. I'II be can student at a famous school in London. I'm a little nervous because I don't know anyone there.However, the british students are the same cage a s me, so I think we'll become good friends. They'll me to many new things. I also plan to around London. The next two weeks should be a good - for me.D ComprehensionDl A reporter from a student newspaper interviewed Sarah on campus. Read the article and complete Sarah's answers.Reporter: Good morning. I'm a reporter from a student newspapcr. Can I ask you a fcw questions? Sarah: Sure.Reporter: Why are you in Beijing?Sarah: .Reporter: Which school do you come from?Sarah: .Reporter: What do you and your classmates do in Beijing?Sarah: We spend the weekdays . At the weekend, .Reporter: That's great. I hope you enjoy the rest of your stay in Beij ing. Thank you and goodbye. Sarah: You're welcome. Bye.D2Miss Wilson came to Beijinq with the exchange students. Read the article again andcomplete her report below.The educational exchange visit to Beijing went well last month.The host families were very friendly. They taught our students how to use .They also taught our students to speak . Our students enjoyed their studies at the school. They learnt a lot about Chinese culture and history. They learnt some t'ai chi.They also learnt .The students made in Beijing. They plan to keep in touch with them.The Chinese students will come to our school for next month. We need to get ready soon.More practiceA Read the poster about educational exchanges and answer the questions below.Take part in oureducational exchangeDo you love to travel and meet new people? Yes? Have you ever lived and studied in another country? No? Well, join our educational exchange now!Our educational exchange is fantastic. You can experience a different culture and learn a new language. You can improve your social skills and make lots of friends.There are two parts in our educational exchange. In the first part, an exchange student will travel to your home country and stay with your family. In the second part, you will travel to your exchange partner's home country and stay with his or her family. You will go to school with him or her. You will also take part in local activities.You can apply for our educational exchange if you:•are aged between 14 and 17.•would like to learn about the language, culture, history,geography and way of life of another country. •have a reference from your head teacher.It will be the adventure of a lifetime. So, what are you waiting for? Apply today!1What new experiences can students gain from the educational exchange?2 How many parts are there in the educational exchange?What arc they?3 What will yon do in the exchange country?Unit 6 Ancient storiesThe Trojan horseThe capital stood on the high wall of the city of Troy. “The Greeks have gone and we’ve won,” he said. “ They’ve tried to capture our city for ten years. Now they’ve given up and sailed away!”“But look over there,” a soldier said. “They’ve left a huge wooden horse.”“Ah, yes,” the captain said, “it’s too big. The Greeks didn’t want to take it with them. Get some help and pull it into the city.”That night, in the main square of the city, all the Trojans celebrated. They sang and danced around the horse, and made jokes about the stupid Greeks. “I haven’t laughed like this since my childhood,” the captain said. After the party, they locked all the gates of the city and then all went to sleep.By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse. Suddenly a secret door opened on the side of the wooden horse. The horse was full of Greek soldiers! They quietly climbed out of the horse one by one.The soldiers opened the main gates. The Greek army entered the city.For ten years, the Greeks could not capture the city by fighting. In one night, however, they succeeded in capturing it through a clever trick.C VocabularyCl The words in italic explain the meanings of some words on. Find these words to complete the sentences.1 A blue whale is a very big animal. It is .2 The soldiers thought the Creeks were not clever. They thought the Greeks were _________3 The cinema does not have any people in it. It is .4 I like almost all meat, but this does not include chicken. I like all meat chicken.5 Only a few people know about this information. Please keep it .C2 Complete the conversations below with the words from the box. Change their forms if necessary.army full of pull succeedcelebrate make jokes about secret1 Alice:Oh, no! Your dress is holes!Hetty:Don 't that. I need to wear this dress to the party tonight.Alice:Sorry, I'm only joking.2 Barry:Follow me. 1 know a path through the forest. We can get to the town faster.James:Really? That sounds great.3 Simon:I want to join the in the future.William:Me too. My dream is to be a soldier.4 Jill: Look! The old man is a big box into the house.Ella:Let's go and help him.5 Grace:Hey! Great news. Our class has in winning first prize.June:Wow! We should !D ComprehensionD1 What are the main ideas of the seven paragraphs in the story? Read the story on page 83 and writethe letter of the correct statement in each blank.Paragraphs 1-2: a The Trojans celebrated in the main square.Paragraph 3: b The Greek soldiers climbed out of the wooden horse and opened the main gates. Paragraph 4: c The Greek army disappeared and left a wooden horse outside the city of Troy. Paragraphs 5-6: d The Greeks captured the city of Troy.Paragraph 7: e The captain ordered the soldiers to pull the horse into the city.D2 Read the story again and circle the correct answers.1 The Greek army disappeared because .a they tiverc afraid of the Trojansb they wanted to play a trick on the Trojansc they won the war2 The Trojans thought the Greeks were _ .a funnyb stupidc helpful3 The Greek soldiers in the wooden horse waited until midnight because then.a they could break the gatesb all the Trojans would be asleepc all the Trojans would leave the city4 The Greeks could not capture the city of Troy for ten years because .a they could not get inside the cityb the Trojans were cleverer than the Greeksc they did not build a wooden horse beforeMore practiceA Read the story and answer the questions below.The story of 100,000 arrowsThis is a story about two wise men- Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. The Chinese people have told it for many, many years.One day,Zhou Yu gave Zhuge Liang an impossible task.He asked him to make 100,000 arrows within ten days. "No problem," Zhuge Liang said. "I'll bring you 100,000 arrows in three days."Zhuge Liang asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with many straw men. In the early morning of the third day, Zhuge Liang's soldiers sailed the boats towards the camps of Cao Cao's army on the other side of the river. The soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.When Cao Cad's soldiers heard the sounds, they thought they were under attack. Ilowcvcr, they could not see through the thick fog on the river. Cao Cao ordered his soldiers to shoot arrows towards the sounds of the drums and the shouting. Zhuge Liang's boats were soon full of arrows.Zhuge Liang's soldiers then turned the boats around and shouted, "Thank you for your arrows, Cao Cao. " Zhuge Liang took all these arrows to Zhou Yu. There were more than 100,000 of them.1What task did Zhou Yu give Zhuge Liang?2What did Zhuge: Liang ask his soldiers to do?3What did Cao Cao's soldiers think when they heard the sounds of the drums and the shouting?4 What did Cao Cao order his soldiers to do?Unit 7 MemoryHenry, Paula and Millie write for the school newspaper. They have written the short articles below to help students improve their memory.Memory CornerHenryA great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind. If you make the picture big, strange or silly, you will remember it better. For example, to remember the word “smiles”, we can imagine there is a “mile” b etween the first letter and the last letter. This makes it the longest word in the world.PaulaA good method for remembering the spelling of a word is to make a short sentence with each letter of the word. For example, if you want to remember how to spell the word “because”, you can use the sentence “Big elephants can always understand small elephants”.MillieYou will forget something very quickly unless you understand it well. For example, you may have trouble remembering the list of steps in the water cycle. However, it is easier to remember these steps if you understand how the water cycle works.C VocabularyCl The words in italics explain the meanings of some words. Find these words to complete the sentences. Change their forms if necessary.1 we go to school to learn new things and to train our (the brain)2 Sometimes things are easy to remember. (stupid)3 She used a different to do the Maths problem.(a way of doing something)4 Can you help me carry this box? It is too big. I have Carrying it. (a problem)5 If YOU wish to get a good job, there are many important you should take. (things that happen in a process)C2 Complete the conversations below with the words from the box.list silly spelling trouble worth1 Emily:Shall we walk to the park tomorrow?Flora:Don't be . It's too far from here. Let's take a bus.2 Luke:Can you help me check my English exercise?Owen:I'd love to. The of "receive" is wrong.Luke:Thanks. I always have with this word.3 Tony:I can't go to English Corner tonight. I have a lot of homework to do.Robin:I know you're very busy, but it's the time. If you want to practise your English, you。