基于ANSYS的松耦合变压器的研究

开发设计基于ANSYS 的松耦合变压器的研究张 磊 周 静 李 星(西安石油大学井下测控研究所 陕西西安)摘 要:文章利用大型有限元软件ANSYS,对松耦合变压器的磁芯和线圈建模,分析了影响松耦合变压器效率的主要参数。

通过ANSYS 中的场路耦合仿真求出初级、次级的电流、电压,然后求出效率,并与实际测得松耦合变压器的效率进行对比分析,得出了影响松耦合变压器效率的主要因素,对松耦合变压器的研发有很大的帮助。

关键词:场路耦合;松耦合变压器;耦合系数中图法分类号:TM 401+,1 文献标识码:B 文章编号:1004-9134(2009)01-0018-030 引 言松耦合变压器(Loosely Coupled Transformer,LCT)将其原边和副边分开一定的距离实现电能的无接触传输。

由于有气隙的存在,磁动势主要降落到气隙的磁阻上,导致松耦合变压器的效率很低,所以,提高松耦合无接触电能传输系统的效率成为首要解决的难题。

本文利用有限元ANSYS 软件,分析影响变压器效率的关键参数[1~4]。

ANSYS 的最大优点就在于对模型的有限元计算区域的局部变化非常敏感,并且模型几何尺寸的改变,变压器参数的改变易于实现,从而为松耦合变压器的分析提供了有利的工具。

1 E 型铁磁阻分析[5、6]E 型磁芯及等效磁路如图1所示。

图1(b)中将两个E 型铁对接,中间有气隙的情况图1 E 型磁芯及等效磁路下求出整个磁路中的磁阻。

线圈磁势降落在磁芯和气隙两部分:F =NI =H C L +H r (F 为磁动势)。

式中H C 和H 分别为磁芯和气隙的磁场强度。

虽然气隙不大,因空气磁导率比磁芯磁导率低得多,所以气隙磁场强度H 比磁芯磁场强度H C 大得多。

A =57mm;B =23.8mm ;C =25.9mm;D =18.8mm;E =38.2mm ;F =14.4mm ;a =(A -E )/2=9.4mm;r =0.2mm ;L 1=F +(B -F )/2=19.1mm ;L 2=E 2+A-E 4=28.5mm 。

半个E 型磁芯尺寸见图1(a)所示,中柱的截面积:A 1=C D =486.92mm 2;边柱截面积:A 2=(A -E )2 C =A 12=243.46mm 2;端部面积:A 3=(B-F ) C =243.46mm 2。

第一作者简介:张 磊,男,1985年生,西安石油大学井下测控研究所2006届在读研究生,研究方向为旋转导向钻井技术。

邮编:71006518石 油 仪 器PE T ROLEUM INSTRUMENTS2009年02月所以各段磁路磁阻为:R 1=L 1A 1=3.1215 103(H -1);R 2=L 2 A 3=9.3155 103(H -1);R 3=L 1 A 2=6.2430 103(H -1);其中: 0=4 10-7H /m; = 0 10000根据经验公式可得出气隙磁导为:GA =GC =4 0a c 4r +m (a +c )(r +m )+0.13(a +c )+0.077r +m4=1.6597 10-6(H )GB =4 0D c 4r +m (D +c)(r +m )+0.13(D +c)+0.077r +m4=3.2239 10-6(H )根据磁欧姆定律:F =NI = R 即: NI = R ,在线圈匝数,和流过电流一定的情况下磁路中磁阻越大,磁路中的磁通量 就越小。

从计算磁阻的结果可以看出,气隙中的磁阻比整个磁芯中的磁阻还要大好多倍,所以气隙在松耦合变压器中是影响变压器效率的主要因素;中柱间的气隙磁阻要比边柱的气隙磁阻要小,可以得出,扩大边柱的截面可以减小气隙磁阻。

2 影响耦合系数的参数[7、8]衡量变压器好坏的主要参数就是耦合系数,理想变压器的耦合系数为1,而松耦合变压器的耦合系数随着气隙的加大而减小。

下面通过ANSYS 仿真改变变压器的一些结构参数观察耦合系数的变化。

2.1磁芯形状对耦合系数的影响对EI 和EE 型两种铁芯分别在铁芯之间加气隙后观察耦合系数随气隙增加的变化规律。

EI 型磁芯耦合系数随气隙变化图如图2、3所示。

图2 EI 型磁芯耦合系数随气隙变化图图3 EI 型磁芯耦合系数随气隙变化图从图2及图3中可以看出,在气隙不是很大的时候,随着气隙的增加,耦合系数在大幅度地下降,当气隙增加到一定的程度后,耦合系数降低的幅度逐渐减小。

图2中两线圈之间的距离不随着气隙增加而变化,所以,随着I 型铁的远离耦合系数最低降低到0.8,在5mm 气隙内耦合系数随气隙增加下变化率很大,在超出519 2009年 第23卷 第1期 张 磊等:基于ANSYS 的松耦合变压器的研究mm 气隙时,变化率变的很小。

在图3中,随着气隙的增加,次级线圈和初级线圈的间距也在逐渐加大,所以,当气隙增加到一定程度后,耦合系数可以降低为0。

2.2 磁芯相对磁导率对耦合系数的影响[9、10]变压器是能量传输器件。

激磁电流提供能量传输条件,不参加能量传输。

因此激磁存储能量越小越好,即希望用高磁导率材料的磁芯。

一般磁芯在气隙为0.2mm 时改变磁芯的相对磁导率(设磁芯为线性的)观察耦合系数的变化系数关系如图4所示。

图4 磁芯相对磁导率与耦合系数关系图从图4中我们可以看出,随着相对磁导率的提高耦合系数也在提高,但是幅度不是很大,没有气隙对耦合系数的影响强。

虽然铁芯材料对耦合系数影响很小,但是为了减少铁损,磁芯材料应该选择,较高电阻率的高频磁导磁材料。

2.3 改变气隙观察漏磁变压器次级与初级全耦合不好时,存储在漏感中的能量不能传输到相应的次级,即漏感不参与能量传输。

漏感是变压器的寄生参数,应当越小越好。

但是随着气隙的增加,变压器中的漏磁将逐渐增加见图5。

当漏磁增加后,通过变压器中柱上的磁通量就会减少,也就是穿过次级线圈的磁通量减少,根据电磁感应原理,次级的感应电动势将减少。

为了获得和没有气隙的情况下同样的感应电动势,必须提高输入电流的频率,增加磁通量的变化率,增加通过次级线圈的磁通量,漏磁随气隙的变化如图5所示。

3 实测效率和仿真效率对比为了分析方便,在仿真时将磁芯设为线性导磁材料,相对磁导率定为:10000;不考虑涡流损耗;气隙间距:0.2mm 。

仿真结果见表1。

图5 漏磁随气隙的变化表1 R =11.8 仿真结果初级电压/V初级电流/A 次级电压/V 次级电流/A 效率/%92.20.03594 3.6850.3124334.7441150.0454.60.3916734.15从上面结果分析,将线圈间距设为0.2mm 时,效率就变为34%。

可见在工频50Hz 下松耦合变压器的效率是很低的。

在工频输入电压(50Hz)的情况下,负载为11.8的情况,测得变压器初级次级电流电压见表2。

表1 R =11.8 实测结果初级电压/V初级电流/A 次级电压/V 次级电流/A 效率/%92.20.047 3.90.3827.21150.0655.00.3926.87从表1和表2的分析对比可以看出,仿真和实测的效率误差在6%~8%之间。

其中次级的电流电压值基本上和实际测量的电流电压值基本相符合。

造成误差的主要原因就是初级线圈的励磁电流。

由于篇幅所限制,表中只列出初级电压在92.2V 和115V 两种情况。

因为仿真中,磁芯的磁导率假设为线性的,而实际中的硅钢片磁特性用非线性的B-H 磁滞回线来表示的,所以,仿真和实测值存在的一定的误差。

4 结 论利用ANSYS 对松耦合变压器进行建模仿真,可以方便地改变变压器的关键参数,利用场路耦合求出耦合系数和初级次级的电流电压,然后求出变压器的效率。

通过改变松耦合变压器的主要参数,可以得到影响松耦合变压器效率的关键参数和这些关键参数对松耦合变压器效率的影响规律,进而推动松耦合变压器领域的发展。

(下转第23页)20石 油 仪 器PE T ROLEUM INSTRUMENTS2009年02月试,共计五十余块板的调试任务,应用效果理想,达到了预期的目的。

新的随钻测量仪数据采集测试系统结图3 数据采集测试界面合实际应用设计,有效的提高了仪器的测量精度,数据可以保存、两组数据可以比较,省去许多繁琐的数据抄写、演算工作,提高了工作效率。

参考文献[1] 21世纪初世界石油科技发展现状与趋势.中国科学技术信息研究所加工整理[OB/OL ]./system/2007/07/24/001112231.shtml[2] 钻井技术的基本常识中国石油新闻中心[Z].2007-08-1409:34[3] 苏义脑,徐鸣雨.新型正脉冲随钻测量系统CDMWD 研制与现场试验[A ].中国石油天然气集团公司钻井工程重点实验室学术论文集[C].钻井基础理论研究与前沿技术开发新进展学术研讨会(北京,2004).北京:石油工业出版社,2005[4] MAXIM Serial -Output,250ksps 12-Bit A DC with T /Hand Reference MAX 176[Z][5] 常 越.M 68HC08单片机原理及C 语言开发实例[M ].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005[6] MC68HC908GZ60的PDF 资料[OB/OL ].http://member./sell/pdf.asp?keyword =MC68HC908GZ60&type =pdf[7] 沈 浩.Ex cel 高级应用与数据分析[M ].北京:电子工业出版社,2008(收稿日期:2008-07-26 编辑:刘雅铭)(上接第20页)参考文献[1] 张胜民.基于有限元软件ANSYS 7.0的结构分析[M ].北京:清华大学出版社,2003[2] 张朝晖,李树奎.ANSYS 工程应用范例入门与提高[M ].北京:清华大学出版社,2004[3] 王世山,王德林,李彦明.有限元软件ANSYS 电磁学科的使用及其在电力变压器分析中的应用[J].西安石油学院学报,2002,17(5)[4] Patr ick BAST RAD ,P ierre BERT RAND ,M ichel MEUNIER.A Transformer Model for inding Fault Studies [J ].IEEE Trans.On Power Delivery,1994,9(2)[5] 王正茂,阎治安,崔新艺.电机学[M ].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000[6] 武 瑛,严险光.新型无接触能量传输系统[J].变压器,2003,40(6)[7] 毛赛君.非接触感应电能传输系统关键技术研究[D ].南京:南京航空航天大学出版社,2006[8] 徐 磊.并联谐振非接触通用供电平台设计与实现[D].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2006[9] A.P.Hu,J.T.Boys, Fr equency analysis and computation ofa current -fed resonant converter for ICPT power supplies, in Proc.international conference on power system technology ,2000[10] 王海峰,任一章.ANSYS 在永磁电机设计中的应用[J].中小型电机,,2003,36(6)(收稿日期:2008-08-14 编辑:梁保江)23 2009年 第23卷 第1期 吕小维等:随钻测量仪数据采集测试系统设计ABSTRACTSVol.23No.1Feb.2009Luo work bridge and its application foreground in seismic prospecting exploration.PI,2009,23(1):1~4This paper clarifies the relationship between seismic data acquisition and Network Bridge in prospecting exploration due to computer and network technology progress.It particularly emphasizes on basic theory,technique characteristic and the usage of Network Bridge,and is integrated w ith data transmit characteristic in seismic data acquisition.Finally it discusses the application foreground and technique measures of Network Bridge used in seismic prospecting explo -ration,based on network telemetry seismic prospecting instrument.Key words:Seismic prospecting exploration;Communication;Network;Network bridge;Data acquisitionLu Fang,Gao Hongjun,Li Jian and Ren Lijuan.Genera-l purpose data acquisition and transportation module oflogging tool.PI,2009,23(1):5~8Based on the basic principle obtained by analyzing the function of data acquisition and transportation module of log -ging tool,the genera-l purpose data acquisition and transportation module is advised,which employs the FPGA and DSP as core circuit,and coordinates with the ADC and CAN transceiver chips.This module completes the control and data acquisition of logging circuit by FPGA,transmits data to DSP by FIFO,and then sends the data acquired by C AN inter to TCC (Telemetry Cable Communication Module).The module is high -integration and high -flex ible,and may be used in the majority of logging tool by revising the internal procedure of DSP and FPGA,w ithout modifying the hardware cir -cuit.Experiment results indicate that the proposed module has excellent temperature performance and has been applied to the CPL s logging tools based on EILog06system successfully.Key words:Logging Tool;DSP;FPGA;Data AcquisitionYan Minjie,Dang Ruirong,Yuan Aming and Xie Yan.The study of a three component induction logging sys -tem.PI,2009,23(1):9~12In this article,we develop the configuration and arrangement of coil array of the three component induction logg ing tool and the focusing method of coil array.Transmission focusing mode is adopted for the principal coil arrays ,and re -ceiver focusing mode is adopted for the cross coil arrays.The horizontal detecting depth and longitudinal resolution are improved by appropriate selecting the sonde turns,space,and the best detecting performance is demonstrated by calcu -lating geometry factor and studying the forward and inversion in anisotropic formation.Key words:three component;focusing means;geometry gene;resolving power;detecting performanceWu Yangyang and Zhang Yuying.Design and implementation of multiplexer of logging cable cores.PI,2009,23(1):13~14By using multiplex ing technology,a new type of multiplexer of logging cable cores is designed based on the require -ments of the logging information system in cased hole formation resistivity logging.It can control the transition function of logging cable core.And the optoelectronic isolator is used to avoid interference of control signal.The problem of limited logging cable number is solved effectively.Key words:multiplexel cable core;relay;cased hole formation resistivity loggingSu Nan,Pang Jufeng,Li Zhen and Liang Juan.Numerical calculation method of acoustic ful-l wave loggingand its application.PI,2009,23(1):15~17With the application of acoustic full-wave,the numerical calculation methods of acoustic ful-l wave are developedstep by step.It is important theory guiding to the oilfield exploration and development.This paper introduced the real axis integration and finite difference methods in the exploration of acoustic communication under the ground.According to the determination of the lithology ,porosity and oil saturation,this paper illustrates the application of acoustic full-w ave in actual logging.Key words:acoustic ful-l wave;numerical calculation method;application Zhang Lei,Zhou Jing and Li Xing.The study of loosely coupled transformer based on ansys.PI,2009,23(1):18~20,23By using ansys software,we build Loosely Coupled Transformer modle for analyzing the main parameter.By using the method of electric field and magnetic field coupling ,w e calculate the current and voltage of primary and secondaryVol.23No.1 PETROLEUM INSTRUMENTSPETROLEUM INSTRUMENTS Feb.2009 w inding,and then figure out its efficiency.Finally,w e compare simulation efficiency w ith ture measure efficiency. Through the analysis of the article,we get the main factors which affect the efficiency of loosely coupled transformer, which is helpful for the development of this field.Key words:electric field and magnetic field coupling;Loosely Coupled Transformer;coefficient of couplingLv Xiaowei,Yang Yaping,Zhu Huanfen and Huang Fupengjie.Design of MWD data acquisition test System. PI,2009,23(1):21~23The MWD data acquisition test system is designed to emulate how MWD acquires data and to debug the key A/D module more correctly.Data acquisition controller selects M68HC08,and communication betw een single chip processor and A/D module may be accomplished by SPI.The acquisition data are sent to computer by RS232and are converted to analog voltage signals with C software.The final data are saved by EXCEL and outputted through report forms.It comes true that data are saved over DB and much more data are compared because of the Ex cel format.Key words:data acquisition;M68HC08series single chip processor;A/D conversion;SPI interface;RS232serial in-terface;Excel formatPan Zhongyin,Liang Baojiang and Qu Xuezhen.Study of seismic instrument system test.PI,2009,23(1):24~ 27There are no general test and check rules for various traditional seismic data acquisition system.Based on seismic instrument s test and check principle before acceptance.The paper summarizes the specification of the seismic data ac-quisition system,including environmental requirement,technical specification and test methods.It might be used to guide the seismic instrument system test.Key words:seismic survey;instrument;system testPan Junying,Liu Xiangyou and Zhu Zhonghai.PL2000computerized production logging system.PI,2009,23 (1):28~30PL2000Computerized Production Logg ing System adopts Windows Operating System.VISUAL C++Language is applied to the programs.The system can work not only with the domestic production logging tools but also the logg ing tools which use single conductor cable produced by Computalog Company.The main functions and design train of the system are analyzed in the paper from two aspects of software and hardware.Key words:Production Logging;Computerized System;Signal AcquisitionZhang Yukun,Liu Jun,Zhang Yuping and Zhang Pengxiang.Geowaves Vsp mult-i array digtal tool and its ap-pliction.PI,2009,23(1):31~34The Geow aves Vsp mult-i array digital tool,which is manufactured by SERCEL,is the most advanced VSP equip-ment in the world.It includes all the new technology of the VSP,and it w ill provide the most reliable equipment for ac-quisition of the VSP data in the different VSP observer mode in the oilfield exploration and development.The essay intro-duces the component,function and technology parameters of Geowaves Vsp system in detail.Key words:Geowaves Vsp;source;digital geophoneWang Yinsheng,Yang Jinzho,Han Laiju,Zhang Haihua and Shi Binquan.Development of MWD equipment. PI,2009,23(1):35~36MWD equipment of down hole engineering parameters is an important drilling instrument.The paper introduces principle of the equipment and elaborates its design proposal and steps of enhancing its reliability.Experiment proves the accuracy and reliability is satisfactory.The equipment is worth generalizing.Key words:near the bit;drilling;MWD;reliabilityLi Chunzhou,Qian Jun,Du Shifeng and Tang Zhenhuan.Application of pulsed-neutron oxygen activation wa-ter flowage logging tool(WFL)in Jiangsu oilfield.PI,2009,23(1):37~40By contrasting w ith limitations of the traditional injection profile logging technique,This paper introduces the princ-i ple,properties and technology characteristics of the Oxygen Activation Water Flowage Logging Tool(WFL)and analyzes the application in injection profile logging,bypass channel,and profile control operation evaluation.Key words:Injection profile;Pulsed-neutron;Oxyen activationHuang Fang,Zhang Shizhong,Peng Meixia,Dai Chunfang and Feng Bin.The development of the simulator of the SZS CBL.PI,2009,23(1):41~42,46This paper introduces the development and application of the simulator of the SZS three combination logging tools. The simulator can be used to simulate not only the transmitting and receiving of the acoustic system,but also the pulse signals of the CN.It can largely save man power and material resources,and effectively improve efficiency to make use of this simulator to detect the circuitry of the SZS combination logg ing tools.Key words:SZS combination tools;simulator;logic control;damping surging;frequency divider。