英国古典文学1解析
the Russian critic Roman Jakobson, represents an 'organized violence committed on ordinary speech'. Literature transforms and intensifies ordinary language, deviates (stop following) systematically from everyday speech.
▪ The Restoration (1660-1700)
▪ The Augustan Age (1700-1745) ▪ The Neoclassical Decline (1745-1798)
▪ 5. 1798-1832 The Age of Romanticism ▪ 6. 1832-1901 The Victorian Age ▪ 7. 1901- The Twentieth Century
b. The Roman Conquest
❖ In 55 B. C. Britain was invaded by the Roman general Julius Caesar. The Britons fought bitterly against the Roman conquerors (for about 100 years) and was not completely subjugated to the Roman Empire until 78 A. D. With the Roman Conquest, the Roman mode of life and civilization came across to Britain also. The Roman Conquest ended in 410 A. D. P1
Examples
❖ 五年过去了，五个夏天，加上长长的五个冬天！我 终于又听见这水声，这从高山滚流而下的泉水，带 着温和的内河的潺潺。
Five years have passed; five summers, with the length Of five long winters! and again I hear These waters, rolling from their mountain-springs with a soft inland murmur.
❖ established small kingdoms in Britain
❖ by the 7th century combined into a united kingdom called England ( the land of Angles ).
❖ people called the English.
c. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion
❖ In the mid 5th源自century, Britain was invaded by three Germanic tribes--the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, from the Northeast of Europe, fierce Germanic tribes in late stages of tribal society
English Literature
The Anglo-Saxon Literature
A brief history of early Britain
a. The Earliest Settlers
❖ The beginning of settlement in Britain took place in about 700 B. C. The early settlers were certain Celtic-speaking tribes called Britons, from whom the island got its name--Britain ( the land of Britons ). The Britons were a primitive people, a bronze-age people entering upon an age of iron.
❖ three dialects spoken by them grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English, a derivative of Low German.
d. The Christianization of the AngloSaxons
❖ In 597 St. Augustine and his monks landed in Kent. Heathen England was christianized part by part in the following century. Monasteries were built all over the country. It was in these monasteries that the earliest English books were written down because at that time few except monks could read and write.
1558) ▪ The Elizabethan Age (1558-1603)
▪ The 17th Century (1603-1660)
4. The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century (or the Neoclassical Period) 16601798
❖ William Wordsworth :TINTERN ABBEY
Framework of English Literature
1. The Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period (449-1066)
2. The Middle English Period (1066-1485) 3. The English Renaissance (1485-1660) ▪ The Beginning of the English Renaissance (1485-
解析《傲慢与偏见》中的英式语言创作风格
解析《傲慢与偏见》中的英式语言创作风格1. 《傲慢与偏见》简介《傲慢与偏见》是英国著名作家简奥斯汀（Jane Austen）的一部经典小说，首次出版于1813年。
这部作品以独特的英式语言创作风格展现了19世纪英国乡村中产阶级的生活和社会风貌。
故事围绕着女主角伊丽莎白班内特（Elizabeth Bennet）和男主角达西先生（Mr. Darcy）之间的爱情纠葛展开，通过描绘了当时英国社会中各种人物的性格特点、婚姻观念以及社会等级制度，展现了作者对社会现实的深刻洞察。
小说以其精湛的叙事技巧和丰富的人物塑造，被誉为英国文学史上最受欢迎的作品之一。
1.1 作者简介简奥斯汀(Jane Austen),1775年生于英国汉普郡，是英国18世纪末至19世纪初最著名的女作家之一。
她的作品以描绘当时英国社会风俗和家庭生活为主，具有浓厚的现实主义色彩。
奥斯汀的作品风格独特，被誉为“英国文学的瑰宝”。
她的主要代表作品有《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》、《曼斯菲尔德庄园》等。
简奥斯汀在文学创作上注重细节描写，善于捕捉人物性格的细微差别。
她的作品中的角色形象鲜明，具有鲜明的个性特征。
奥斯汀还擅长运用讽刺手法，对当时社会的种种弊端进行批判。
她的作品不仅具有很高的文学价值，还为后世的作家提供了丰富的创作灵感。
1.2 作品背景英国作家简奥斯汀（Jane Austen）创作的长篇小说《傲慢与偏见》是其文学史上的瑰宝。
小说以当时的英国社会背景作为创作的舞台，真实地展现了那个时代的情感和社会面貌。
十八世纪末期的英国，正处于工业革命的前夕，整个社会正处于新旧交替的过渡阶段。
在乡村社会和经济关系不断变化的背景下，小说通过描写年轻男女间的情感纠葛和婚姻问题，折射出了英国社会普遍的价值观和风俗习惯。
小说的语言创作风格，深受当时的社会语境和文学风格的影响，呈现出独特的英式语言特色。
奥斯汀的作品被认为是英国古典文学的杰作之一，不仅继承发展了欧洲传统的文学作品风格，还融入了当时英国社会的时代特征。
英国文学作品分析Doc1
Song (John Donne)This poem chiefly concerns the lack of constancy in women. The tone taken is one of gentle cynicism and mocking. John Donne has lost his naive views of love. His confidence in the power of love has been waned and now he appears more cautious and almost bitter.Each stanza is nine lines, it allows for the more complex and abstract ideas, which are archetypal of metaphysical poetry.The first stanza is the most forceful, employing the imperative to achieve a sense of command. The second stanza is full of convoluted images and hyperbole; The final stanza begins in a sardonic manner. He appears to be expressing the opinion that a woman of character and beauty is implausible.On his blindness (John Milton)In this sonnet, the speaker meditates on the fact that he has become blind. He expresses his frustration at being prevented by his disability from serving God as well as he desires to.All the lines in the poem are in iambic pentameter. the first eight lines of this poem describe the poet’s meditation alone in the dark. The last six lines show the vast bright and infinite space, open the realm of the narrow, change the concept of pain into a calm tone.Form this poem, there will be more profound appreciation in life: there are many tremendously pain in life, the people with courage and wisdom, suffering the gate of torture in silence, never give up hope and stand.Tiger (William Blake)“the tiger” originally called “the tyger”, is a lyric poem focusing on the nature of God and his creations. It was published in a collection entitled songs of experience.The poem consists of six quatrains in rhymed couplets. the question in the final stanza repeats the wording of the first stanza.The poem is more about the creator of the tiger than it is about the tiger itself. in contemplating the terrible ferocity and awesome symmetry of the tiger, the speaker is at a loss to explain how the same God who made the lamb could make the tiger. Hence, humans are incapable of fully understanding the mind of God and the mystery of his handwork.A red red rose (Robert Burns)It is one of his famous songs that Robert burns wrote in the ballad meter. in this song, he expressed his deep love towards his lover.It is written in four-line stanzas. beginning with a quatrain containing two similes, the poet shows the beauty of his lover with happy, proud tone. the second and third stanza express the poet’s blazing love. the poet use the rhetorical device of incremental repetition to emphasis and musicality and it also help to subtend th e poet’s unforgettable love. the final stanza shows his farewell to his lover again and a promise of return. “I will come again though it was ten thousand mile”, exaggerated wordsconvey the poet’s infinitely affectionate feelings.I wondered lonely as a cloudThis poem was written by William Wordsworth, one of the most representative poet of the early romanticism. It consists of four six-line stanzas, in iambic tetrameter and an ABABCC rhyme scheme. At the beginning of the poem, Wordsworth compares himself to a cloud, enjoying freedom but suffering from loneliness. But the sight of a cloud of dancing daffodils makes him drunk. What's more, it brings him great courage to face depression and loneliness in the following days. Here,the daffodils is the nature. All the time,his poems concentrate on the relationship between human and nature.As William Wordsworth believed,nature can have greet healing power effect on the mind. The solitary reaperIt is written by William Wordsworth as a memorial of a tour in Scotland in 1803.This poem contains four stanzas of iambic tetrameter with a rhym e scheme of ABABCCDD in each stanza. It describes a nameless listener'sdelight in a young woman's melancholy song, as reaping grain by herself in a Scottish valley. Her song, like a found poem, springs dire ctly from nature. Her "music" runs likewater"(overflowing" the valley) and surpasses the beauty of two celebrated English song-birds, the nightingale and the cuckoo. What transfixes him in song is not its content, but its emotionally expressive music. Despite its sadness, the song helps the speaker to Mount up the hill.She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron )She walks in beauty is universally considered as one of Byron’s most powerful works . It is an eighteen-line lyric poem. As the title says, she walks in beauty, the main theme of the poem is the description of a beautiful lady, the enumeration of certain qualities that the author considers give her beauty . What’s more, the author uses images of light and darkness interacting to describe the wide spectrum of elements in a beautiful woman's personality and looks. The three six-line stanzas of this poem all follow the same rhyme scheme and the same metrical pattern . This poem rhyme ababab , cdcdcd, efefef. And the meter of this poem is iambic tetrameter.Ode to the west windThis is one of Shelley’s best known lyrics. The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of it. The final line of the poem, "If the winter comes, can Spring be far behind" has often been cited to illustrate Shelley’s optimistic belief in the future of mankind.This poem is an ode on freedom and revolution. The west wind symbolizes the revolution, which is both destroyer and preserver----it can destroy the old world and create a new world. Each of the seven parts of this poem contains five stanzas—four three-line stanzas and a two-line couplet, all metered in iambic pentameter with an scheme of ABA BCB CDC DED EE.Ode on a Grecian UrnEach of the five stanzas in “Grecian Urn” is ten lines long, metered in a relatively precise iambic pentameter, and divided into a two part rhyme scheme, the last three lines of which are variable. The first seven lines of each stanza follow an ABABCDE rhyme scheme, but the second occurrences of the CDE sounds do not follow the same order.In "Ode on a Grecian Urn" Keats talks about aesthetic beauty and perfection. T he urn---art, represents beauty. Beauty is truth and so art also represents truth. The purpose of this is to exaggerate his message of timeless beauty. Keats also express sentimental feeling for the trees‘ condition, almost as if he is envious of their everlasting beauty. Tennyson: Break Break BreakThis short poem has been composed by Alfred Tennyson. In this poem the poet mourns the death of a dear friend who will never come back. It is an expression of his personal grief. But it is more than an individual cry of pain and despair. The whole lyric poem has a pleasing musical quality.In the first stanza, the poet depicts the picture of sea and its waves constantly striking against cold gray stones. In the second and third stanzas, the poet has drawn a picture of permanent and lasting images in contrast with temporariness of human life. In the l ast stanza, the poet expresses sorrow that the sweet memories of one’s life will finally become a part of the vanished past and will never come back. He will never feel the soft touch of that hand and will never hear that voice again. Shakespeare: sonnet 18Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespeare sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet, and has the characteristic thyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. The major feature of this poem is analogy. It starts with a line of adoration to the beloved. The speaker then goes on to say that the beloved being described is both more lovely and more temperate than a summer’s day. The speaker lists some things that are negative about summer. It is too short and sometimes the sun shines too hot. However, the beloved being described has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer’s day. By putting his love’s beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever by the power of his written words.1. Daniel Defoe: Robinson CrusoeDaniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe is one of the forerunners of the English realistic novel. It creates the image of an enterprising Englishman, a typical of the English bourgeoisie of the 18th century. The whole book tells a story that the sole survivor of a shipwreck, Robinson Crusoe is isolated from civilization, he has to find ways to make a living all by himself. This novel is famous for its lovely details and its expression of belief in man’s ability when left alone in nature. And it also gl orifies labor and thebourgeois men who has the courage and will to face hardship and determination to improve his livelihood. The protagonist, Robinson is a veritable picture of the self-made, hardworking puritan, believing in diligence and the work ethic, laboring from sunrise to sundown, and resourceful and creative with a thinking mind and a skillful pair hands.2. Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s TravelsGulliver’s travels is a novel written by the English author Jonathan Swift. It is one of the most famous literature of Satire. It tells a story of Lemuel Gulliver. When Lemuel Gulliver sets off from London on a sea voyage, little does he know the many incredible and unbelievable misadventures awaiting him. Swift uses Gulliver and his voyages primarily to examine problems with contemporary society, such as the evils of politics, humanity’s frequent foolishness, and the importance of a thoughtful, self-aware, balanced perspective. In this sense, Gulliver’s Travels addresses issues that still worry people today.3. Jane Austen: Pride and PrejudicePride and Prejudice is the one of the representative works of Jane Austen, The story follows the main character Elizabeth Bennet as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, morality, education, and marriage. Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy first met on a ball but they were both not satisfied with each other at the first sight. However, Mr. Darcy gradually fell in love with Elizabeth but he was turned down because of his pride. At last, she was able to give up her prejudice against Mr. Darcy and realized that she was also in love with him.It is one masterpiece on the theme of love and marriage. Through the true love between Darcy and Elizabeth, Jane Austen expresses her admiration toward the love established on understanding and sincerity. Besides, she reflects the countryside people’s conservative life attitude and English women’s desire for freedom of marriage.4. Oliver TwistOliver Twist, is the second novel by English author Charles Dickens. This passage tells us the terrible conditions in the English workhouse of the time and the cruel treatment of a poor orphan by the so-called “philanthropists”. Oliver was beaten up and punished merely because he ventured to ask for an extra portion of gruel to alleviate his gnawing hungry. This is one of the details to show the extreme brutality and corruption of the oppression and their agents under the mask of philanthropy. It is in scenes like this that we see the great critical realist writer Dickens voicing the helpless suffering of the poor and the oppressed.5. Wuthering HeightsWuthering Heights is Emily Bronte’s only novel. This is a story of love and revenge. Wuthering Heights reflects the truth that in the 19th century, the people who lived in the capitalistic society were oppressed from spirit with the modality of artisticimagination. In this novel, there is not idealism and false comfort. The love between Heathcliff and Catherine is the greatest one in the world because their faithful love indomitably resists the old society which is controlled by the evil group. For avenging , he made the terrible plans and started a series of despicable actions. In the end, he go tall the wealth, however, he lost his love, his conscience and he died with sadness and hatred. Novels reflect real life has shown a strong romantic color.6. TessTess of the d'Urbervilles is a novel by Thomas Hardy. Tess struggles all her life. The whole story is filled with a feeling of dismal and doom. The tragic of Tess and her family was not that of an individual family, but was symbolic of the disintegration of the English peasantry: a progress which had reached its final and tragic stage at the end of 19th century. In this work, Hardy’s pessimistic and naturalist view of life is fully expressed: Mankind is subjected to the rule of some hostile and mysterious fate, which brings misfortune tohuman life. The novel also gives a fierce attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the country and destruction.7. The Picture of Dorian GrayThe Picture of Dorian Gray is a philosophical novel by the writer Oscar Wilde. An artist who is impressed and infatuated by Dorian’s beauty; he believes that Dorian’s beauty is responsible for the new mode in his art as a painter. But Dorian soon is enthralled by the aristocrat’s hedonistic worldview. Newly understanding that his beauty will fade, Dorian expresses the desire to sell his soul, to ensure that the picture, rather than he, will age and fade. The wish is granted, and Dorian pursues a libertine life of varied and amoral experiences; all the while his portrait ages and records every soul-corrupting sin. Throughout the story, the narrative presents aestheticism as an absurd abstraction, which disillusions more than it dignifies the concept of Beauty.8.ArabyIn “Araby,”the allure of new love and distant places mingles with the familiarity of everyday drudgery, with frustrating consequences. Mangan’s sister embodies this mingling, since she is part of the familiar surroundings of the narrator’s street as well as the exotic promise of the bazaar. The tedious events that delay the narrator’s trip indicate that no room exists for love in the daily lives of Dubliners. The story presents this frustration as universal: the narrator is nameless, the girl is always Mangan’s sister as though she is any girl next door, and the story closes with the narrator imagining himself as a creature. In “Araby,” Joyce suggests that all people experience frustrated desire for love and new experiences.。
英国新古典主义时代文学批评与代表诗人
英国新古典主义时代文学批评与代表诗人摘要：通常所谓的英国新古典主义时代是指介于1660年英国斯图亚特王朝复辟和以华兹华斯和科勒律治1798年合作出版的《抒情歌谣集》为创始标志的浪漫主义时期之间的英国文学时代。
关键词：新古典主义；德莱顿；蒲柏；约逊翰中图分类号：i106 文献标识码：a 文章编号：1009-0118（2011）-05-0-02一、引言18世纪初的英国，新古典主义成为时尚。
新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。
新古典主义一方面强调要求复兴古代趣味，特别是古希腊古罗马时代那种庄严、肃穆、优美和典雅的艺术形式；另一方面它又极力反对贵族社会倡导的浮华矫柔的艺术风格。
新古典主义不同于17世纪盛行的古典主义，因为新古典主义排挤了抽象的、脱离现实的、绝对的美的概念和贫乏的、缺乏血肉的艺术形象，它以古代美为典范，从现实生活中吸取营养，它尊重自然追求真实，以及对古代景物的偏爱，表现出对古代文明的向往和怀旧感。
从我们手上的各种资料和书籍上我们可以看出，新古典主义模仿并推崇古代文学大师们的创作和美学原则。
体现在文学上则表现为，文体上模仿古罗马的文学家，如贺拉斯，维吉尔和奥维德等等，追求用理性驾御作品，行文条理清晰，对仗工整，运用巧智，自然和谐。
这一切新古典主义的表现形式实际上是对17世纪巴洛克和18世纪罗可可这类艺术派别过分雕琢和滥用情感的一个纠正。
正因为英国新古典主义推崇并模仿了贺拉斯，维吉尔和奥维德等古罗马奥古斯都大帝统治时期的文学家，所以后来有些文学史又称18世纪上半叶的英国为奥古斯都时期。
在很多研究英国历史的书籍和资料中，18世纪文学被认为是异端散乱的过渡文学，处于一种较为尴尬的境地。
在它之前有文艺复兴的鼎盛以及弥尔顿的辉煌，在它之后有19世纪浪漫主义诗歌的灿烂以及维多利亚文学的丰硕，因而这当中的100年便相对的稍显暗淡许多。
然而事实上，18世纪的英国文学也是可圈可点的，不仅出现了许多代表性的作家，在文论方面也发展迅速，为日后英国文学的蓬勃发展打下了深厚的基础。
古典主义文学
二、伪君子
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
•《伪君子》是一出五幕诗体喜剧，故事 发生在巴黎富商奥尔恭家中。
1.作品简介
• 第一幕 • （富商奥尔恭
精神导师达丢夫） 妻子欧米尔 • 其母亲 指责 儿子达米斯 • 女儿玛丽亚娜 • 女仆桃丽娜 争辩 • 纯洁的灵魂、假道学、专爱找茬的先生、在家发号 施令、饕餮之徒 • 主人公答尔丢夫没有出场 • 展示中心矛盾，交代人物特点，吸引观众
文艺复兴建筑
文艺复兴建筑
文艺复兴建筑 法国枫丹白露宫
巴洛克建筑
巴 洛 克 建 筑
巴洛克建筑
巴洛克美术
巴 洛 克 美 术
• 中国的瓷器、刺绣传入欧洲，西方人惊叹中国 的雕金镂玉和珠光宝气，认为这太“巴洛克” 了。
• 2.巴洛克文学 • 巴洛克文学表现了一种病态的人生哲学以及悲 观主义的情绪。内容上多写带有神秘宗教色彩 的生死、哀怨。在艺术上，采用混乱破碎的形 式，拒绝理性，风格夸张，语言雕琢。 •
• 《熙德》的中心主题，是个人感情和家庭荣誉、 家庭荣誉与国家义务的关系。结局则是家庭荣 誉战胜了个人感情，国家义务战胜了家庭荣誉， 从而突出了国家民族利益高于一切的思想。 • 这种处理既维护了封建的道德观念，也顾及了 资产阶级对个人幸福的追求。
•从正面描写了理性的胜利。
•拉辛：《安德洛玛克》
• 安德洛玛克是特洛亚英雄赫克托耳之妻。 特洛亚城被希腊联军攻陷后丈夫身亡， 自身成为联军将领庇吕斯的奴隶。庇吕 斯爱上安德洛玛克，迟迟不愿与希腊公 主爱尔米奥娜举行婚礼。 • 悲剧开始时，希腊使者奥莱斯特来到庇 吕斯处，要他交出赫克托耳的儿子以绝 后患。庇吕斯以此威逼安德洛玛克。她 为了保全儿子，假意答应。准备在儿子 的安全得到保证后自杀。爱尔米奥娜对 此妒恨不已。利用使者奥莱斯特对自己 的倾爱，唆使其杀死了庇吕斯。事后， 爱妙娜又感到悔恨，自己亦在庇吕斯尸 旁自杀。而希腊使者也因此绝望而发疯。
英美文学选读英国部分第一章文艺复兴时期
英美文学选读中文翻译及重点习题答案英国文学(AMERICAN LITERATURE)第一章文艺复兴时期(The Renaissance Period)二、背景知识(Background knowledge)1、历史文化背景(Historical and cultural background)(1)文艺复兴是从中世纪向近代过渡时期发生在欧洲许多国家的一场思想文化运动。
它是在一些历史因素的合力作用下而引发的，如对希腊罗马古典文化的重新发现，宗教改革运动，地理和自然科学领域的探索，以及资本主义经济的扩张等。
(2)人文主义是文艺复兴的主要特征。
它颂扬人性，强调以“人”为本，宣传个性解放，反对神秘主义和中古神权，反对野蛮和兽性。
(3)16世纪的宗教改革导致了新教的创立。
英格兰同罗马教皇的决裂最初源于国王亨利八世决定与其第一位妻子离婚但遭到教皇否决。
宗教教义的改革则发生在后来的爱德华六世和女王伊丽莎白一世统治期间。
(4)工商业持续发展，中产阶级逐渐壮大，非神职人员获得受教育的机会，王权巩固，宫廷成为文化生活的中心，以及海外扩张和科学探索日益拓展人们的视野，所有这些都为文学提供了新的推动力和发展方向。
威廉·卡克斯顿首次将印刷术介绍到英国，使那里的出版社迅速增加，随之而来的是印刷书籍的繁荣。
2、英国文艺复兴时期文学的特点(Features of English Renaissance literature)(1) 诗歌(Poetry)开创文艺复兴时期一代新的华丽诗风的两个最重要的人物是菲利普·悉尼爵士和埃德蒙·斯宾塞。
在他们的抒情和叙事作品中，展现出一种词藻华丽、精雕细琢的文风。
到16世纪末，出现了两类新的诗歌风格。
第一类以约翰·邓恩和其他玄学派诗人为代表；第二类风格的典范是本·琼森和他所代表的流派。
英国文艺复兴时期的最后一位大诗人是清教作家约翰·密尔顿，他的诗歌具有惊人的震撼力和优雅的韵致，同时传达出深邃的思想。
古典主义文学概述
让· 拉封丹 德·
让· 拉封丹（１６２１—１６９５）的 德· 《寓言诗》（１６６８—１６９４）力图 反映１７世纪下半叶的法国社会，这是 “一部巨型喜剧，幕数上百，宇宙是它的 舞台，人、神、兽、一切都在其中扮演某 个角色”。
尼古拉· 布瓦洛
尼古拉· 布瓦洛（１６３６—１７１１）是 古典主义的理论家。《诗的艺术》（１６ ７４）提出了古典主义的美学原则，成为 古典主义的艺术法典。他规定理性是文学 创作的基本原则，必须模仿自然，自然指 宫廷和城市生活；古希腊古罗马作家的创 作经验是最高准则，必须遵守“三一律”； 文学体裁有高低之分。
巴罗克文学的代表作家
巴罗克文学起源于意大利和西班牙，兴盛于法国。意大利 巴罗克文学的代表是诗人贾姆巴蒂斯塔· 马里诺（１５６ ９—１６２５）。他的长诗《阿多尼斯》（１６２３）叙 述爱神维纳斯和美少年阿多尼斯的爱情纠葛，其中编织了 许多插曲，诗句华丽，形成一种“马里诺诗体”，各国诗 人群起仿效。 法国的巴罗克文学分小说和诗歌两个方面。小说的代表是 奥诺雷· 于尔菲（１５６８—１６２５），他的小说 德· 《阿丝特蕾》（１６０７—１６２７）描写牧羊人塞拉东 与情人牧羊女阿丝特蕾的爱情纠葛。小说描写的是理想化 的田园牧歌式生活，其中有无数的插曲和缠绵的对话，写 成５大卷６０册。诗歌方面的代表是阿格里帕· 多比涅 （１５５２—１６３０）和马莱布（１５５５—１６２ ８）。
五、巴洛克艺术
十七世纪欧洲文学
17世纪流行在西欧、特别是法国的一种文学思潮。 因为它在文艺理论和创作实践上以古希腊、罗马 文学为典范，而被称为“古典主义”。在法国， 从17世纪初年至1660年左右，是古典主义逐步 形成的阶段，主要表现为古典主义文学语言的定 型和各种文学作品体裁的确立。 法国古典主义文学达到全欧的先进水平。成为各 国的楷模。古典主义文学产生的社会基础是法国 的专制君主制。他的思想基础是唯理主义。悲剧 作家高乃依、拉辛，喜剧作家莫里哀等。
英国文学名词解释大全(整理版)
1.Epic(史诗)（appeared in the Anglo-Saxon Period ）It is a narrative of heroic action, often with a principal hero, usually mythical in its content, grand in its style, offering inspiration and ennoblement within a particular culture or national tradition.A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.Epic is an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, like Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey. It usually celebrates the feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes. The action is simple, but full of magnificence.Today, some long narrative works, like novels that reveal an age & its people, are also called epic.E.g. Beowulf （the pagan（异教徒），secular(非宗教的) poetry）Iliad 《伊利亚特》，Odyssey《奥德赛》Paradise Lost 《失乐园》，The Divine Comedy《神曲》2.Romance （传奇）(Anglo-Norman feudal England)•Romance is any imaginative literature that is set in an idealized world and that deals with heroic adventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters.•Originally, the term referred to a medieval (中世纪) tale dealing with the love and adventures of kings, queens, knights, and ladies, and including supernatural happenings.Form:long composition, in verse, in proseContent:description of life and adventures of a noble heroCharacter:a knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons; often described as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournaments(骑士比武), or fighting for his lord in battles; devoted to the church and the king•Romance lacks general resemblance to truth or reality.•It exaggerates the vices of human nature and idealizes the virtues.•It contains perilous (dangerous) adventures more or less remote from ordinary life.•It lays emphasis on supreme devotion to a fair lady.①The Romance Cycles/Groups/DivisionsThree Groups●matters of Britain Adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table （亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士）●matters of France Emperor Charlemagne and his peers●matters of Rome Alexander the Great and the attacks of TroyLe Morte D’Arthur （亚瑟王之死）②Class Nature (阶级性) of the RomanceLoyalty to king and lord was the theme of the romances, as loyalty was the corner-stone（the most important part 基石）of feudal morality.The romances were composed not for the common but for the noble, of the noble, and by the poets patronized （supported 庇护,保护）by the noble.3. Alliteration（押头韵）: a repeated initial(开头的) consonant(协调,一致) to successive(连续的) words.e.g. 1.To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.2.Sing a song of southern singer4. Understatement（低调陈述）（for ironical humor）not troublesome: very welcomeneed not praise: a right to condemn5. Chronicle《编年史》（a monument of Old English prose）6. Ballads （民谣）（The most important department of English folk literature ）①Definition:A ballad is a narrative poem that tells a story, and is usually meant to be 命中注定sung or recited 背诵in musical form.An important stream of the Medieval folk literature②Features of English Ballads1. The ballads are in various English and Scottish dialects.2. They were created collectively and revised when handed down from mouth to mouth.3. They are mainly the literature of the peasants, and give an outlook of the English common people in feudal society.③Stylistic （风格上）Features of the Ballads1. Composed in couplets （相连并押韵的两行诗,对句）or in quatrains （四行诗）known as the ballad stanza （民谣诗节）, rhyming abab or abcb, with the first and third lines carrying 4 accented syllables （重读音节）and the second and fourth carrying 3.2. Simple, plain language or dialect （方言，土语）of the common people with colloquial （口语的，会话的）, vivid and, sometimes, idiomatic （符合当地语言习惯的）expressions3. Telling a good story with a vivid presentation around the central plot.4. Using a high proportion of dialogue with a romantic or tragic dimension （方面）to achieve dramatic effect.④Subjects of English Ballads1. struggle of young lovers2. conflict between love and wealth3. cruelty of jealousy4. criticism of the civil war5. matters of class struggle7. Heroic couplet （英雄双韵体）（introduced by Geoffrey Chaucer）Definition:the rhymed couplet 押韵的对句of iambic pentameter抑扬格五音步; a verse form in epic poetry, with lines of ten syllables 音节and five stresses, in rhyming pairs.英雄诗体/英雄双韵体：用于史诗或叙事诗，每行十个音节，五个音部，每两行押韵。
英国文学的赏析
英国文学的赏析英国文学的赏析Of studies Of studies detailed discussion on the purpose of the reading and function, this paper analyzes the different attitudes of different reading to the world, this paper introduces the methods of 简约风格, with antique reading. The article was written in 17 th century, contracted style古风 and understand touch. Bacon the parallelism rhetoric, this paper one fold out, sensibility古风such as "read enough to chief use for delight, is enough to steal, enough to long before," "histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics subtle, scientific deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend, who studies pass into character," has become a famous sayings. As a more sophisticated, with exquisite and practical experience, the philosopher and politicians, bacon emphasize reading methods must be proper, can't die reading. He told us: "is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation outside." The article fully embodies the bacon style, have a kind of serious, talk about the talk of power. His writing is succinct, reasons things out the accurate, no matter big or XiaoYu to by the big metaphor is small, can stevie, reading between the lines, flashing the light of knowledge. "On reading" quaint style, compact grave, can yet be regarded as English elaborative works, is worth the reader to chew over. Holy sonnet 10 The poet in the poem proposed first death does not like people usually imagination of so powerful, because those considered dead person actually did not die; Then, the poet and puts forward death is not terrible, because sleep and dreams are portraits of death, and since people can sleep and dreams from acquire a lot of happiness, that can get in death of happiness is certain a lot. Then, the poet said, death always and war, disease, poison, etc in a living together, and questioned the god of death, opium and unreal medicine also can let people go to sleep, and sleep process is very pleasant, death is nothing to be proud of the place. Best poet declared, his death will die. The lamb The poem just 20 line, but the lamb and gentle and the character of the depict to get incisively and vividly. And, and profound significance of the poem. The poet of the lamb and the kind of gentle the description, aims to express their life and nature of a feeling of the universe and harmonious understanding and yearning. He is not only the head of the praise the tame the lamb, and still can creat the lambs mystical power. This god, Jesus and the lamb blend into each one. I wandered lonely as a cloud ,,,,,, is one of the representative work of the lyrics, it is said that this poem is according to the poet brother and sister goes out to play together when the charm of nature were deeply attracted the experiences, the embodiment of the is a hard description "quiet recall of emotion" the poetic concepts. The poem can be divided into two parts, spring and lyrical. The first poem in the first person narration, the style appears low hesitate. The poet to capture the memory on the slim information, on the other hand and feel alone flow, could be free to enjoy the beauty of the was endowed by nature. He compare yourself to a cloud, random drift, full of imaginary lines suggest that a poet and a lowering alone, like free mood. She walks in beauty This is a women's beauty sing lyrics, poetry is the poet's cousin women Mrs. wilmot . The poet in a dance met this dressed in filial piety cousin for its beauty when dumping, hence into this poem. The poet in the poem best praise the top, admire the feeling of the BiDuan on, especially in the poem a "one shade the more, one ray the less\had half impair ’d the nameless grace" verve. At the end of the poem, the poet an offbeat, the beauty and to render praises the heart beauty, from the outside into inside, deepen the theme. 这是一首歌颂女性美的抒情诗，诗中女性是诗人的表妹威尔莫特夫人。
英国文学英语赏析1
The canterbury tales --General PrologueThe General Prologue establishes the frame for the Tales as a whole (or of the intended whole) and introduces the characters/story tellers. These are introduced in the order of their rank in accordance with the three medieval social estates (nobility, clergy, and commoners and peasantry). These characters, while seemingly realistically described, are also representative of their estates and models with which the others in the same estate can be compared and contrasted.The structure of the General Prologue is also intimately linked with the narrative style of the tales. As the narrative voice has been under critical scrutiny for some time, so too has the identity of the narrator himself. Though fierce debate has taken place on both sides, (mostly contesting that the narrator either is, or is not, Geoffrey Chaucer) it should be noted that most contemporary scholars believe that the narrator is meant to be some degree of Chaucer himself. Some scholars, like William W. Lawrence, claim that the narrator is Geoffrey Chaucer in person. While others, like Marchette Chute for instance, contest that the narrator is instead a literary creation like the other pilgrims in the tales.夏雨给大地带来了喜悦，送走了土壤干裂的三月，沐浴着草木的丝丝经络，顿时百花盛开，生机勃勃。
英国文学简史-18th-century(1)PPT课件
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Enlightenment Movement
The 18th-century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th & 16th centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical & artistic ideas. The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality， equality and science. They called for a reference to order, reason, rules and advocated universal education.
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The Classicists invented new rules in writing (p128)
1. In drama, they adhered to the three unities of time, place and action, regularity in construction, rhymed couplet instead of blank verse and the presentation of types rather than individuals.