(完整版)船用柴油机专业英语
EnglishofMarineEngineering（轮机英语）
EnglishofMarineEngineering（轮机英语）English of Marine Engineering（轮机英语）Unit 1 ：Main Propulsion Plant（船舶主推进装置）一、船舶动力装置概述●船舶动力装置的组成和类型、热机的类型和应用二、船舶柴油机1)船舶柴油机基本参数、特性指标2)船舶柴油机的工作原理3)船舶柴油机的基本结构4)船舶柴油机的燃油系统5)船舶柴油机的润滑系统6)柴油机的冷却系统7)柴油机的启动系统8)船舶柴油机操纵和控制系统、柴油机的运行管理、故障诊断三、船舶推进装置●推进装置的传动方式Unit 2 ：Auxiliary Machinery（船舶辅助机械）一、船用锅炉1)船用锅炉的类型和结构特点2)船用锅炉的运行管理、故障分析和排除二、船用泵1)船用泵类型；常见船用泵的工作原理和结构特点；船舶通用泵系的布置原则和特点2)常见船用泵的运行管理和故障排除三、船舶制冷和空调装置1)船舶制冷原理和制冷循环2)船舶空调系统的组成及主要设备；船舶空调装置的运行管理、故障分析和排除四、船舶防污染设备1)油水分离器的工作原理及运行管理2)焚烧炉的工作原理及运行管理3)生活污水处理装置的工作原理及运行管理五、分油机和海水淡化装置1)分油机的工作原理及运行管理2)海水淡化原理、主要设备和运行管理六、船舶甲板机械1)起货机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除2)锚机、绞缆机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除3)液压泵、控制阀件和油马达的结构特点；液压系统管理Unit 3：Marine Electrization and Automatization（船舶电气和自动化）一、船用发电机1)船用发电机的结构特点2)船用发电机的并车和解列3)船用发电机的故障分析和排除二、船用配电板1)主配电板的分类及组成2)应急配电板；配电箱三、船舶电气设备●船舶电气设备：船舶电气设备概况；电气控制设备；电气设备运行管理Unit 4 ：Marine Engineering Management（船舶轮机管理）一、操作规程●备车；巡回检查；完车二、安全管理知识1)船舶防火防爆的措施及守则2)轮机部操作安全注意事项；安全知识；机舱应急设备的使用及管理三、油、物料和备件的管理●燃油的管理四、船舶修理和检验1)修理的类别；轮机坞修工程2)船舶检验的类别与作用五、防污染管理及PSC检查1)《油类记录簿》与IOPP证书的管理2)PSC检查中的明显理由与更详细检查；PSC检查报告和缺陷的纠正Unit 5 ：International Convention and Regulations（国际公约与规则）一、STCW公约1)STCW78/95公约中有关轮机值班的基本原则2)轮机员的基本职责和道德；机架联系制度二、MARPOL公约●MARPOL73/78公约中有关含油污水的排放规则；有关国家、港口的防污染规则三、SOLAS公约●SOLAS公约的基本精神和基本原则四、ISM、ISPS等规则和公约1)ISM规则简介2)ISPS规则简介3)其他最新公约和规则。
轮机工程、内燃机专业英语词汇表
Lesson 1marine 海运的，船用的 diesel 柴油，柴油机 internal 内部的 combustion 燃烧 ignite 点燃 inject 喷射 chamber 腔，室 principle 原理，原则 operation 工作，操作，运转，进程charge 装，充；充填物fresh新鲜的，淡(水)的 draw 抽吸 cylinder 气缸 compression 压缩 piston 活塞 fine 细小的，好的 spray 喷雾，(水，油)雾 burn 燃烧 rotate 旋转，回转 medium 中间的，介质 alternator 交流发电机 in turn 依次，轮流变成 turn into 变成 event 事件，过程 stroke 冲程，行程 separate (from) 分离，分开 exhaust 排出，耗尽；排气 combine (with) 结合，联合 inlet 进口，入口 scavenge 扫除；吹除 blow 吹，鼓风 residual 剩余的，残留的 value 价值，数值 injector 喷射器，喷油器 continue 继续(进行) revolution 转 theoretically 理论上地inefficient 效率低的，无效的advantage 优势，优点，长处 application 应用 propulsion 推进(装置) cause 引起；原因 force 迫使 crankshaft 曲铀propeller 螺旋桨，推进器 cycle 循环 consist (of) 由……组成fix 固定sequence 顺序，系列bottom dead centre (BDC) 下止点 top dead centre (TDC) 上止点 on board ship 在船上 r/min 转／分 reduction gear box 减速齿轮箱Lesson 2construction 结构 bedplate 机座 frame 机架 weld 焊接bolt 螺栓；用螺栓固定 seating 座，底座 liner (气缸)衬套 extend 延长，伸长 slot 槽，缝；开槽 opening 开口 height 高度 secure 固定 transverse 横向的chock 侧块， 楔型块 longitudinal 纵向的 test 放置，坐落 bearing 轴承cross 十字的，交叉的； stud 双头螺栓 cap 盖，帽 thrust 推，推力 block 块，体locate 位于，查出，找出integral 整体的flat 平的surface 表面mount 安装section 段，表面camshaft 凸轮轴enclose 包围，封闭casing 箱，外壳jacket 夹层，水套vertical 垂直的flange 法兰，翻边foremost 最前的expose 易露，露出edge 边缘drill 钻孔rotary 旋转的guide 导板，导向器，导向，引导insert 插入groove 槽，沟turn 车削，转动conical 锥形的screw 螺钉；用螺钉固定，拧入indicator 示功器cock 旋塞double 双层的cast iron 铸铁chain transmission 链条传动(机构) chromium 镀铬machine-turned 车削的，车制的approx 大约heat-resistant 耐热的Lesson 3recess 凹槽，凹座，凹入处 dowel 销钉pin 销子caulk 敛(铆)缝，嵌塞topmost 最上部narrow 狭窄的 diagonal 对角的，斜的overlap 重叠，搭接joint 接合，接头distributor 分配器slightly 轻微地round 圆的，使成圆形film (油)膜period 期间opposite 在……对面，与……相对 diameter 直径annular 环形的ensure 保证，担保assembly 组件，组装component 部件journal 轴颈shoe 滑靴，滑块horizontally 水平地adequate 足够的，充分的admit 允许进入，导入duct 管道scraper 刮子，刮油器shim 垫片，调整片thickness 厚度adjustment 调整，调节clearance 间隙appropriate 适当的channel 通道crankpin 曲柄销forge 锻造shrink 红套displace 错位，变位carrier ring 承磨环build-in 内装的，机内的，固定 top-bolt 锥体螺栓white metal 白合金telescope pipe 伸缩管，拉管fitted bolt 拂配螺栓Lesson 4survive 存在，生存strength 强度specific 明确的，详细而精确的 reject to 丢弃，排向…atmosphere 大气entrain 以气泡状态存在volume 量minimise 将……减到最少cavitation 气穴，气蚀proportion 比例，部分hopper 带支架的观察(镜，表) tundish 漏斗visual 看的，视觉的trumpet 喇叭nozzle 管口，喷嘴corrosion 腐蚀，锈overboard 向舷外merely 仅仅，只不过contact with 与……接触Lesson5maintenance 维护，保养select 选择among 在……之中affect 影响viscosity 粘度cetane 十六烷calorific 热(量)的，发热 sulphur 硫residue 残渣，残留物formation 形成product 产品，产物flash 闪光；闪亮gravity 重力content 内容，合量impurity 杂质depend 取决于，依靠residual 残余的available 可利用的，可获得的 embody 包括(合)有，使具体化 entirely 完全地，完整地 bunker 燃料舱distribute 分配various 各式各样的，多种多样 lag 包绕外层防护套 bunk 油舱duplex 双联的，双倍的 strainer 粗滤器remainder 储存storage 剩余，余额sediment 沉淀物buffer 缓冲器，贮存装置 spill 溢流regular 调节器climatic 气候的permit 允许meter 计量mechanism 机械机构plunger 柱塞barrel 桶，套桶sufficiently 充分地，足够地 atomize 将……喷成雾状 complexity 复杂，复杂性deposit 沉积物specification 规格，说明vanadium 钒sodium 钠asphaltene 沥青(烯)，沥育质 precipitate 使沉淀，沉淀物 aluminum 铝abrasive 有磨蚀的particle 颗粒silicon 硅oxide 氧化物nozzle 喷嘴catalytic 催化的clover 三叶草、苜蓿Lesson 6viscosity 粘度composition 组成storage 存储insoluble 不溶解的 impurity 杂质asphalt 沥青miscible 易混合的 filtration 过滤purifier 分水机 clarifier 分杂机conical 圆锥形的 periphery 外围，用边 perforate 穿(钻，冲)孔 cylindrical 圆柱形的 bowl 分离筒ancillary 辅助的centrifuge 离心分离机 accumulation 积聚consume 消耗agitation 搅动circumstance 环境，详情Lesson 7process 过程removal 排除blow 鼓风supercharge 增压atmosphere 大气的pressurize 增压，加压 electrically 电动地blower 鼓风机，增压器 density 密度turbine 涡轮机 compressor 压缩机essential 基本的，重要的 adequate 适当的，充分的 arrangement 布置，安排 escape 逃逸，溢出 differential 差别的，不同的 swirl 使……旋涡运动 adjacent 邻近的，接近的Lesson8successful 成功的 involve 涉及formation 形成considerable 相当的，大量的 exception 例外cleanse 清洗 carbonaceous 炭的detritus 磨屑 commercially 商业上 reversal 反向，变换 lubricator 注油器 injector 注油塞 quill 注油针 impinge 射到expose 暴露 residual 残渣lacquer 胶膜interface 影响，干扰 counteract 克服undesirable 不需要的formulate 配制impart 给予alkalinity 碱度，碱性 detergency 去垢能力property 性质feature 特性，特点 friction 摩擦assist 帮助，协助 rupture 破裂deterioration 变质，恶化filter 滤器centrifuge 离心分离机telescope pipe 伸缩套管，拉管Lesson9reservoir 容器(文中指空气瓶) ready 准备好的immediate 立即的drop 下跌，下落by means of 利用，用…方法 compressor 压缩机feature 功(能)，部件drainage 排放，排泄facility 设备stringent 严厉的，严格的interlock 连锁prevent 防止automatic 自动的pilot 引导的，控制的，先导的 lever 杆direct 直接的engage 啮合，从事further 进一步地 deposit 沉积物，沉淀 explosion 爆炸pipeline 管路，管系 occurrence 发生，事物 properly 适当地careful 谨慎的，小心的 attempt 企图；试图 effect 作用，影响，效果 trap 挡板，收集器 burst 爆发，冲破 disc 盘isolate 隔绝，绝缘 fusible 易熔的plug 塞，堵 melt 熔化，融化 guard 防护，防卫，护罩 possibility 可能性bursting cap 防爆帽Lesson 10instruction 指示，指令 sludge 渣，沉积物 purify 净化auxiliary 辅助的；辅助机械 operational (能)运行的，(可)操作的 extend 延长，扩展 approximately 接近，大约 obstruction 阻塞，妨碍，障碍物 uniformly 均匀地，一致地 viscosity 粘度hopper (观察)窗(漏斗) erosion 浸蚀，剥蚀，烧蚀 centistoke 厘斯(运动粘度单位) diaphragm 隔膜，振动膜 gland 密封(压盖) linkage 连接telegraph 车钟booster 增压泵Lesson 11remedy 排除(方法)，补救(措施) stick 粘住，卡住failure 失败，失灵delay 延迟，滞后watch 观察common 普通的，普遍的 result 由……引起，产生 diagram 图unequal 不相等的locate 找出，定位slacken 放松，减缓trace 查找，寻找responsibility 责任on the part of 在……方面Lesson 12medium 中等的，中间的 currently 当前地，现在地，流行地 rotational 转动的，旋转的 entirely 完全地trunk 筒形的，箱形的 rationalization 合理化layout 布置，设计 configuration 结构，布置alternatively 或者，另一个办法 twin 双的，对的 bank 排，列，组enclose 围起，围绕 column 架rigid 刚硬的，坚固的 sloping 倾斜的access 通道invariably 总是，不变地 solid 完整的，坚固的 multi-throw 多拐的robust 坚固的，结实的 develop 增进，扩大 imposing 施加的alignment 对中，成直线 exception 例外withdraw 放出waterjacket 冷却水套 aperture 孔，洞interpose 放入，插入 thickness 厚度ratio 比率(值) cylindrical 圆柱型的bore 孔tiny 细小的promote 促进，提高 sacrifice 牺牲，供奉 retain 保持，保留 porous 多孔的，能渗透的 in line 成行，直列 fixed centre type 固定中心式 marine type 船用型，中心可调式Lesson13bowl 盆，钵，盘toroidal 环形空腔，环形突起 rim 边缘，曲起accommodate 容纳splash 飞溅conduct 传导region 区域precisely 精确地，正确地 alloy 合金 boss 活塞销座孔endwise 在端部circlip 卡簧tin 锡flash 飞边indium 铟nip 压隙equivalent 相等量bridge 轴承盖accuracy 精度circular 圆形的tighten 上紧assist 援助，帮助 expel 驱逐，驱赶thermal 热的recondition 修理，使复原 frequent 频繁的accomplish 完成rocket 摇，臀杆tappet 挺杆，凸子，顶头 prop 支撑，维持 allowance 允许，裕量 appropriate 适当的Lesson 14extensive 广阔的，广泛的 overhaul 彻底检修，大修，解松(船)的绳索，essential 必要的，基本的 external 外部的 prudent 谨慎的 cut off 切断，断开 graduation 分度，刻度 reasonable 合理的，有益的 tolerance 容许量 pyrometer 高温计 register 记录，登记 ancillary 辅助的 symptom 症状，征兆 accompany 陪伴，结伴Lesson 15displacement 位移，排水量 centrifugal 离心的 rotary 旋转的 reciprocating 往复的 volute 涡形(的)，涡壳 turbine 涡轮，涡轮机 regenerative 再生的 periphery 外围，周边 mesh 啮合 helical 螺旋状的 void 空的，空旷的 slot 槽elliptical 椭圆的 swash 遮蔽，隐藏 tangential 无关的 moderate 中等的，适度的 attain 达到，获得Lesson 16boiler 锅炉distinct 截然不同的 furnace 炉子，炉膛 bent 弯的drum 鼓，锅筒 header 联箱 generate 产生 downcomer 下降管 natural 自然的 donkey 辅助的 installation 装置steam ship 蒸汽机船 motorship 内燃机船 composite 混合的，复合的 mounting 附件fitting 附件，配件 overpressure 超压presence 在场，出席 initially 初始地 purge 吹除，驱气 vapour 蒸汽 burner 燃烧器，喷灯 sample 样品 analysis 分析scum 泡沫，浮渣 soot blower 吹灰器 draught 强行通风 superheater 过热器 gradual 逐渐的 refractory 耐火的 ease 释放 recovery 回收，再生 saturated 饱和的 emulsion 乳化液，混合液exceed 超过extraction 提取物，提出物 economizer 省油(煤)器，节能器 combustible 可燃的secure 封闭，关紧 depressurize 减压liberate 释放funnel 烟囱intermediate port 中途港。
柴油机专用英语
cylinder block 气缸体/ cylinder head 气缸盖piston and connecting rod活塞连杆crankshaft曲轴camshaft凸轮轴flywheel飞轮轴valve气门intake manifold进气管exhaust manifold排气管oil sump 油底壳oil strainer机油集滤气oil pump 机油泵oil filter机油滤清器oil cooler机油冷却器Marine Diesel engine 船用柴油机internal combustion engine 内燃机ignites(点燃)combustion chamber 燃烧室cylinder(气缸)piston(活塞)fine spray(喷雾、油雾)crankshaft 曲轴propeller(螺旋桨).Fuel injector 喷嘴Exhaust valve 排气门Inlet valve 进气门Piston ring 活塞环Connecting rod 连杆Piston pin 活塞销Crank web 曲柄壁Scavenge port 扫气口Crosshead 丁字头Two-stroke Engine 二冲程发动机working cycle 工作循环suction(吸气) , compression(压缩), expansion(膨胀) exhaust(排气).bottom dead center (BDC), 底部死点residual exhaust gases 残留废气top dead center (TDC), 顶部死点propulsion 推进reduction gearbox(减速齿轮箱)medium(中间的,介质)alternators(交流发电机)referred to as (被称为…)Proceeding(进行)clockwise(顺时针方向的) (counterclockwise)poppet valves (提升阀)naturally aspirated(自然吸气),centrifugal turbocharger 离心涡轮增压器generous throughflow(直流，贯穿气流)inhale 吸入the positive pressure difference(正压差)implies(暗示)accomplished(完成)crank(曲柄)loop scavenge回流扫气uniflow scavenge直流扫气。
轮机英语专业词汇.doc
第一部分柴油机Diesel Engine二冲程船用柴油机two stroke marine diesel engine四冲程船用柴油机four stroke marine diesel engine高（中，低）速柴油机high(medium,lower)speed engine 气缸cylinder气缸盖cylinder cover(cylinder head)苏尔寿发动机Sulzer engineB&W型发动机Burmeister and Wain engine哥塔维根型发动机Gotaverken engine曼恩型发动机型发动机V-type engine 直流扫气式发动机uniflow scavenging type engine回流扫气式发动机loop flow scavenging type engine 横流扫气式发动机crow-flow scavenging type engine 十字头式发动机crosshead engine筒形活塞式发动机trunk-ppiston engine涡轮增压式发动机turbocharge engine固定部件fixed parts耐磨部件wear parts运动部件moving parts互换部件interchangeable parts气缸套cylinder liner示功阀indicator cock(indicator valve)安全阀safety valve气缸启动阀cylinder air starting valve缸套顶圈head ring for cylinder liner排气阀exhaust valve进气阀air inlet valve(suction valve)气阀传动机构valve driving mechanism顶杆tapper rod推杆push rod摇臂rocker rod (rocking lever)活塞pistion十字头式活塞crosshead type pistion筒形活塞trunk pistion活塞头pistion crown(head)活塞裙pistion skirt活塞体pistion body活塞销pistion pin(gudgeon pin)活塞环pistion ring气环（压缩环）compression ring刮油环oil scraper ring(oil ring,scraper ring)布油环oil distributing ring耐磨环wear ring活塞环槽pistion ring groove活塞冷却水管pistion cooling pipe往复管reciprocating pipe伸缩管telescope pipe铰链管articulated pipe活塞杆pistion rod活塞杆凸缘pistion rod flange活塞杆填料函stuffing box for pistion rod活塞杆填料箱gland box for pistion gland for pistion rod 填料函壳体stuffing box casing填料函张力弹簧tension spring for stuffing box填料函密封环sealing ring for stuffing box填料函刮油环scraper ring for stuffing box填料函压环pressure ring for stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland十字头cross head十字头销cross head pin十字头销轴承cross head bearing(cross head pin bearing)十字头滑块cross head shoe(guide shoe)十字头导板cross head guide(guide rail,guide way,guide plate)连杆connecting rod连杆小端轴承connecting rod small end bearing连杆大端轴承connecting rod large end bearing;connecting rod bottom end bearing曲柄销轴承crankpin bearing曲轴crank shaft曲轴臂crank arm曲轴销crank pin曲轴箱crankcase曲轴箱道门crankcase door(crankcase manhole)曲轴箱防爆门crankcase explosion door主轴承main bearing (bed plate bearing)倒挂式主轴承main bearing of under slung type轴承轴瓦上半块bearing bush-upper half轴承衬下半块bearing shell-lower half主轴承撑杆螺栓main bearing stay bolt主轴颈crank shaft journal(main journal)机座bed plate底座横隔板bed plate transverse member机架frame(column,entablature)底角螺栓holding down bolt (anchor bolt)贯穿螺栓through bolt (tie rod,tie bolt)贯穿螺栓护盖protecting covering for tie rod贯穿螺栓导套guide bush for tie rod推力轴thrust shaft推力轴承thrust bearing推力块thrust pad盘车机turning gear废气涡轮增压器exhaust gas turbocharge (turbo-blower)增压系统super charging system机械增压mechanical supercharging单（复）式增压系统single(complex)type super charging system 二级增压two-stage supercharging定压增压系统constant pressure charging system脉冲增压系统impulse pressure charging system变压增压variable pressure charging system串联增压super charging in series syatem并联增压super charging in parallel system直流扫气unislow scavenging回流扫气loop scavenging横流扫气cross scavenging气口扫气port scavenging气口 - 气阀扫气port-valve scavenging扫气口scavenging port排气口exhaust port排气总管exhaust manifold排气管exhaust pipe上止点top dead center(TDC)下止点bottom dead center(BDC)燃烧室combustion chamber吸气行程inlet(suction) atroke压缩行程compression stroke做功行程power (working) stroke排气行程exhaust stroke定时图timing diagram指示功indicated power轴功shaft power示功图indicator power控制系统control system启动控制装置control devic for starting起动装置starting devic主起动阀main starting valve空气压缩机air compressor空气瓶air bottle(air container,air cylinder,air reservoir) 起动手柄starting lever(starting handle)起动空气控制阀starting air control valve起动空气导阀starting air pilot valve起动阀starting valve分级活塞stepped pistion起动阀连锁装置starting valve blocking device起动凸轮starting cam起动空气管starting air pipe单凸轮换向装置single cam reversing device双凸轮换向装置double cam reversing device正车凸轮ahead cam正车油缸ahead oil cylinder (ahead oil bottle) 自动停车装置automatic cut-out device空气分配器凸轮air distributor cam转向指示器running direction indicator换向杆reversing lever换向控制杆reversing control lever排气凸轮exhaust cam喷油凸轮fuel cam主起动阀手轮hand wheel for starting valve飞轮flywheel;turning wheel调速器goernor调速装置control device for running the engine 极限调速装置maximum-speed governor gear定速调速装置constant-speed governor gear全制式调速装置variable-speed governor gear机械调速器mechanical governor液压调速器hydraulic governor车钟telegraph凸轮传动机构camshaft transmission gear链条传动chain transmission(chain drive)齿轮传动gear tansmission链轮sprocket (sprocket wheel)惰轮idle wheel备车stand by engine完车finish engine停车stop engine微速前进（后退）dead slow ahead (astern)前进（后退）一slow ahead (astern)前进（后退）二half ahead (astern)前进（后退）三full ahead (astern)紧急前进（后退）三emergency full ahead(astern) 起动start倒车reverse空气分配器air distributor气缸注油器cylinder lubricator第2 部分制冷和空调制冷空调通风盐水制冷热电制冷蒸汽压缩循环制冷剂直接制冷剂间接制冷剂氟利昂氟化氢临界温度压缩机蒸发器refrigerationair conditioningventilationbrine refrigerationthermoelectric refrigeration vapour-compression cyle refrigerantprimary refrigerantsecondary refrigerant freonfluorinated hydrocarboncritical temperature compressorevaporator感温包sensing bulb膨胀阀expansion valve电磁阀solenoid valve干燥器drier/dryer冷凝器condenser储液器liquid receiver油分离器oil seperator中间冷却器inter cooler内部均压装置internal equalizer风冷冷凝器air-cooled condenser双阀座截止阀double seat stop valve手动能量控制阀hand capacity control valve水量调节阀water regulating valve气动薄膜碟阀pneumatic film flap valve出液阀delivery valve出液管outlet pipe外平衡管outer balance pipe半封闭式压缩机semi-enclosed compressor节流阀throttle valve加湿器humidifier回油装置oil-return device回气管return pipe自动水量调节阀automatic water regulating valve自动液压能量控制装置automatic hydraulic capacity control device 压力控制器pressure control压差控制器differential pressure control吸入截止阀suction stop valve吸入滤网suction stainer充液阀charging valve冷凝器进入阀condenser inlet valve冷凝器出液阀condenser outlet valve冷却盘管cooling coil冷库insulted hold空气加热器air heater空气滤清器air cleaner油位检查镜inspection glass for oil level油预热器oil preheater卸载油缸unloading cylinder波纹管bellows制冷剂瓶refrigerant bottle热力膨胀阀thermostatic expansion valve毛细管capillary tube膜片diaphragm阀孔隙orifice恒温器thermostant诱导器inducer背压调节阀back-pressure valve浮动式自动回油阀floating type automatic oil return valve 热交换器heat exchanger高压继电器high voltage relay温度调节器humidistat能量调节阀capacity regulator通风机ventilator舱室温度控制器cabin type temperature control排气融霜管discharge defrost pipe液位控制器liquid level control液体分离器liquid separator捡漏灯halide lamp船用臭氧发生器marine ozonizer温包式温度控制器phial type temperature controller湿度控制器humidity controller蒸发盘管evaporator coil tube散热器radiator空气调节器air conditioner二次空气系统secandary air conditioning system中央空调系统central air conditioning system高速诱导式空调系统high speed induction air conditioning system 半导体空调器semi-conductor air conditioner热泵式空调器heat-pump air conditioner窗式空调器window-type air conditioner毛发式气动湿度控制器pneumatic hair humidity controller风管air pipe出风栅outlet grid再加热盘管reheating coil空气干燥室air drying chamber顶式布风器top ventilator进风栅inlet grid挡水曲板curve flap翅片管tuberculat pipe散热盘管radiator coil tube挡板baffle翅状散热片fin波形散热片gill单风管系统single duct system双风管系统twin duct system分区加热器zone heater终端加热器terminal-heater压力通风plenum第 3 部分燃，滑油系统及油参数Fuel System ,Lubricating System &Oil Properties燃油系统fuel oil system双层底油舱double bottom fuel tank粗滤器strainer细滤器filter双联细滤器dual oil filter(duplex oil filter)燃油驳运泵fuel transfer pump沉淀柜settling tank分油机oil separator滑油柜 / 日用油柜lubricating oil tank\daily service tank加热器heater增压泵booster pump三通阀three way valve集油井oil head tank (oil header,oil collector buffer tank ,balance tank)高压油泵（燃油喷射泵)fuel injection pump油孔式喷油泵（柱塞式油泵，plunger type fuel injection pump布式油泵）(Bosch fuel injection pump)回油孔fuel return hole进油孔fuel inlet hole柱塞（芯子）plunger柱塞套筒（柱塞导管）plunger guide bush(plunger barrel,plunger load) 调节齿杆（调节齿条）control rack(toothed control rod)调节齿圈（调节齿套）control sleeve(control pinion)排油阀fuel delivery valve回油阀式高压油泵spill valve type fuel injection pump进油阀suction valve (spill valve,blowthrough valve)油量调节机构fuel relgulation linkage油泵行程调节杆regulating lever for pump stoke油压调节阀fuel pressure regulating valve保压阀pressure retaining valve高压油管high pressure fuel pipe喷油器fuel injector,fuel valve,fuel injection valve喷油器壳体fuel injector holder(fuel injector housing)喷油嘴injectin nozzle(nozzle)针阀needle valve针阀顶杆spindle溢流管overflow pipe蒸汽加热器steam heater蒸汽加热管steam heating pipe蒸汽加热盘管steam heating coil润滑系统lubricating system干油底壳式润滑dry oil sump type lubrication湿油底壳式润滑wet oil sump type lubrication飞溅润滑splash lubrication中压（低压）润滑系统medium pressure lubrication system气缸润滑 轴承润滑 气缸注油器 吸油管 储油箱 调节控制杆 油孔 油道 油底壳 污油柜 滑油循环柜 滑油粗滤器 滑油泵 滑油冷却器比重（相对密度）specific gravity (relative density)黏度viscosity发火质量 ignition quality 十六烷值 cetane number 柴油指数diesel index闪点（开口 / 闭口）flash point (open /closed)倾点 pour point浊点 cloud point 凝点freezing point残碳值carbon residue灰份 ash content水分water content(low pressure lubrication system)cylinder lubrication bearing lubricationoil squirt(cylinder lubricator)suction duct(suction line) oil storage tankcontrol lever for adjusting oil oil orifice(oil hole) oil way(oil channel)oil sump(sump tank,crank bilge) oil sludge tankcirculating lube oil tank lube oil strainer lube oil pump lube oil cooler硫分热值机械杂质油品等级馏程矾含量铝含量船用轻柴油船用燃料油船用柴油中间燃料油添加剂总酸值强酸值总碱值沉淀物含量sulphur contentcalorific valuemechanical impuritiesgrade of oildistilling rangvanadium content alumminium contentmarine gas oil (MGO)marine fuel oil(MFO)marine diesel oil (MDO)internal fuel oil additivetotal acid number(TAN) strong acid number (SAN) total base number (TBN)sediment抗氧化安定性抗腐蚀性极压添加剂黏度指数oxidation resistance corrosionextreme pressure additive viscosity index第 4部分泵及其系统Pump &Pumping System 船用泵marine pump立式泵vertical pump卧式泵horizontal pump单缸泵single cylinder pump 双缸泵duplex pump单（双）作用泵single(double)-acting pump单级泵single-stage pump双级泵double-stage pump定量泵constant-delivery pump变量泵constant displacement pump(constant delivey pump) 自吸式泵self-priming pump非自吸式泵none-self priming pump容积式泵displacement pump轴流泵axial-flow pump离心泵centrifugal pump往复泵reciprocating pump活塞泵pistion pump柱塞泵plunger pump径向柱塞泵radial plunger pump轴向柱塞泵axial plunger pump回转泵rotary pump叶片泵vane pump单（双）作用叶片泵single(double)-acting pump齿轮泵gear pump水环泵water ring pump内（外）齿轮泵inside(outside)gearing pump螺杆泵screw pum液压泵hydraulic pump径流泵radial-flow pump旋涡泵volute pump喷射泵ejector pump蒸汽直接作用泵direct-acting steam driven pump主机驱动泵min-engine-driven pump 冷却水（油）泵cooling water(oil)pump给水泵备用给水泵卫生水泵出灰泵压载水泵污水泵凝水泵引水泵盐水泵淡水泵消防泵舱底水泵循环泵真空泵驳运泵排污泵变量泵洗仓泵增压泵泵壳泵体泵缸泵缸套填料箱吸入阀feed pumpdonkey feed water pump sanitary pumpash-ejecting pumpballast pumpsewage pump condensate pumppriming pump(primer pump) brine pumpfresh water pumpfire pumpbilge pumpcirculating pumpvacuum pumptransfer pumpslusge pumpvariable output pumptank cleaning pump booster pumppump housingpump bodypump cylinderpump linestuffing boxsuction valve净正吸入压头net positive suction head (NPSH)系统水头损失system head loss泵浦特性曲线pump characteristic curve排出discharge (delivery)流道liquid path叶轮impeller (vane wheel)扩压管diffuser蜗壳volute管路pipe line旋塞（考克）cock止回阀non-return valve碟形阀butterfly valve闸板阀gate valve转阀rotary(rotating) valve滑阀slide (sliding)valve球形阀globe valve安全阀relief valve速闭阀quick closing valve (strip valve)集中引水系统central priming system (CPS)第 5 部分船用锅炉Mair Boiler火（水）管锅炉fire (water) tube boiler立（卧）式锅炉vertical (horizonatal)boiler直（横，弯，盘，指）管锅炉straight(cross,bent,coil,thimble)-tube boiler 废气锅炉exhaust boiler管式锅炉tubular boiler筒形锅炉cylindr boiler (shell type boiler)鼓筒形锅炉drum boiler燃油辅助锅炉oil-burning auxiliary boiler立式横烟管锅炉vertical fire tube boiler卧式三回程火管锅炉horizontal triple-pass fire tube boiler盘管式强制循环废气锅炉coil-tube forced-circulation exhaust boiler 人孔门manhole door水包water drum水管联箱water header水冷壁water-cooled wall (water screen, water wall)上升管riser tube下降管down comer后水冷壁rear water wall tube侧水冷壁side water wall tube沸腾联箱steaming header沸水管boiling-water tube炉膛furnace (fire box)炉胆furnace flue炉排fire bar(fire grate)炉门fire door炉衣boiler clothing (boiler lagging)炉墙furnace wall耐火砖衬层fire-brick lining挡烟墙baffle wall给水阀feed water valve给水截止阀feed water stop valve给水止回阀feed water check valve汽鼓（汽锅筒）steam drum汽水分离器steam purifier (steam separator)内给水管intrnal feed pipe给水离子交换器feed water ion exchanger省煤器（经济器）economizer上部联管upper header下部联管lower header前部联管front header后部联管rear header进口分配联管inlet distributing header出口分配联管outlet distributing header水位表water level gauge玻璃水位表glass water level gauge低位水位表bottom water level gauge远距离水位显示计remote water level indicator水位计分支阀（通汽考克，通水考壳）water level root valve(steam cock,water cock) 光滑管plain tube带肋片的蛇形管coil tube with ribs水位调节器water level regulator低水位保险装置low-water level cut-off device危险水位报警器low-water level alarm热水井hot well热水循环泵hot water regulating pump水处理water treatment上排污阀surface blow-down valve底部排污阀bottom blow down valve上（下）部吹除阀surface(bottom) blow-off valve浮渣盘scum dish烟管烟箱烟道烟囱烟喉牵条牵条管支承管波形管麻花管吹灰器单层盘管燃烧器燃油预热器雾化器雾化片喷油嘴喷油嘴管架喷油嘴体喷孔旋涡室点火器点火喷油嘴点火变压器预燃室调风器调风门smoke tubesmoke chamber(smoke box) smoke fluechimney(funnel)furnace uptakestaystay tubesupport tubesinuflo tubeswirlyflo tubesoot blowersingle-layer tubeoil burneroil preheaterburner atomize (sprayer) sprayer plateburner tip (nozzle)nozzle supportnozzle holdernozzle hole(nozzle orifice) swirl chamberigniterignition nozzleignition transformer precombustion chamber air registerair damper风门throttle (air intake flap)风门伺服器servomotor for throttle regulation 风口draught door风箱burner wind box风机blower手调风门hand regulating throttle空气调温器air attemperator空气扩散盘air diffuse disk导流器air director空气调节器air regulator (air register)强制通风机force draught fan火焰检测器flame detector火口fire hole(combustion head)比例操作器proportional ratio apparatus压力比例操作器pressure ratio regulator停汽阀steam stop valve集汽管steam receive蒸汽分配器steam distributor阻汽器steam trap过热器super-heater减热器desuper heater旋风汽水分离器cyclone steam separator除氧器deaerator第 6 部分液压甲板机械Hydraulic Deck Machinery液压泵hydraulic pump径向柱塞泵radial plunger pump中央阀center valve配油轴oil distribution shaft配油盘oil distribution disc配油套oil distribution sleeve配油口oil distribution port配油壳oil distribution casing配油阀oil distribution valve浮动环floating ring压力管pressure pipe伺服活塞srevo-pistion差动活塞differential pistion倾斜盘swash plate液压放大器hydraulic amplifier液压马达hydraulic motor高速小扭矩油马达high speed low torque oil motor齿轮式（叶片式，轴向柱塞式）油马达gear-type (vane-type,axial-plunger-type)oil motor低速大扭矩油马达low speed high torque oil motor柱塞式油马达plunger-type oil motor径向柱塞式油马达radial-plunger-type oil motor单作用径向柱塞式油马达single-acting radial-plunger-type oil motor轴向双斜盘式油马达axial-double-tilting frame type oil motor液压油缸hydraulic oil cylinder单作用柱塞油缸single-acting plunger oil cylinder摆动油缸oscillating oil cylinder差动油缸differential oil cylinder转叶式油缸rotary-vane-type oil cylinder定叶转叶密封条定子转子压力控制阀顺序阀直控～单向～卸载～遥控～液控～减压阀定压～定差～定比～溢流阀先导式～直动式～差动式～流量控制阀节流阀调速阀方向控制阀直通式～直角式～手动截止阀fixed vanerotary vanesealing stripstatortotorpressure control valvesequence valvedirect-control valveone-way valve(check valve)off-load valvetelecontrolled valvehydraulically controlled valve pressure-reducing valveconstant pressure valveconstant difference valveconstant ratio valveoverflow valvepilot valvedirect-acting valvedifferential valveflow control valvethrottle valvespeed-regulating valvedirection control valvestraight one-way valveangle one way valvehand stop valve (hand cut-off valve)双路油压自锁阀double-circuit oil pressure self-closing valve 换向阀change-over valve (change valve)电磁～electro-magnetic valve电液～electro-hydraulic valve转阀（滑阀）ritary valve (side valve)三位四通阀three-position four-way valve主阀main valve辅阀auxiliary valve先导阀pilot valve阻尼孔damper hole节流缝隙throttle slot舵机steering gear定量泵开式系统open oil system of the constant delivery pump 变量泵闭式系统closed oil system of the variable delivery pump 撞杆式舵机ram type steering gear转叶式舵机rotary vane type steering gear工况选择阀operating mode selector valve手动旁通阀hand by-pass valve反馈杆feed back rod自锁阀self-locking valve防浪阀storm valve舵rudder舵柱rudder post舵柄rudder tiller舵托（承）rudder carrier舵叶rudder blade舵杆rudder stock撞杆ram操纵系统control system机械杠杆反馈式追随机构follow-up system of the mechanical lever feedback type 应急手动操纵装置emergency hand control device浮动杆floating lever副杠杆auxiliary lever遥控操舵装置telemotor steering gear起货装置cargo handing gear起货绞车cargo winch回转起货机crane吊扬索（千斤索）topping lift吊货杆boom(derrick boom)吊臂jib(crane jib)吊臂止动器jib stopper机械制动器machanicalbrake防索松保护器slack wire protection变幅绞车luffing winch货物定位装置cargo psotler差动型限位开关differential limit switich旋转绞车slewing winch带式刹车band brake旋转底盘slewing rim起锚机windlass止链器cable stopper锚anchor锚链anchor chain(anchor cable,chain cable)锚链轮chain lifter(cable lifter,cable holder)锚链舱chain locker链轮止动器chain lifter brake离合器clutch绞盘capstan绞盘卷筒capstan barrel带缆卷筒warping drum锚链卷筒chain drum绞车卷筒winch barrel(winch drum ,winding barrel)第 7 部分油水处理设备，轴系及推进器，造水机Oil Treatment,Oily Water Separator,Shafting &Propeller,Fresh Water Generator分油机oil separator离心分油机oil centrifuge分杂机clarifier分水机purifie造水机fresh water generator真空沸腾式造水机vacuum boiling type fresh-water genetator真空闪发式造水机vacuum flash type fresh-water generator工作水operating water冲洗水flushing water配水盘paring disc活动底盘sliding bowl bottom滑动圈operating slide污渣出口sludge outlet分离筒separator bowl分离筒本体bowl body分离筒盖bowl hood分离筒转轴bowl spindle分离盘bowl discs机盖frame cap阻水环damp ring比重环gravity disc油水分离器oily water separator舱底水bilge锥形盘conical plates粗粒化coalesce放油阀oil drain valve检验旋塞check cock自动空气释放阀automatic air rlease valve除油阀oil rcovery valve (recovered oil valve)液位探测电极liquid level electronic probe除渣阀scum valve自动出油阀automatic oil outlet valve储油柜oil storage tank控制板control panel轴系shafting螺旋桨propeller传动轴transmission shaft中间轴intermeditate shaft (tunnel shaft)推力轴thrust shaft单环推力轴single collar thrust shaft艉轴tail shaft (tube shaft)可调螺距螺旋桨adjustable pitch propeller (variable pitch propeller,controllable pitch propeller)定距桨constant pitch propeller固定桨叶螺旋桨fixed-blade propeller艏部螺旋桨bow propeller横向推理器transverse propeller左（右）螺旋桨left(right)handed propeller推力轴承thrust block推力块thrust pad推力环thrust collar刮油器scraper挡油圈oil deflector油位显示器oil level indicator单环推力轴承（密歇尔推力轴承） Michell thrust bearing(single collar(thrust)bearing) 支撑轴承（中间轴轴承)tunnel bearing(intermediate shaft bearing)艉轴管轴承sterntube bearing (stern bearing)铁梨木轴承lignumvitae bearing水润滑轴承water-lubricated bearing白合金轴承white metal bearing桨叶propeller blade空泡cavitation螺旋桨空泡propeller-cavitation压力面空泡pressure-face cavitation(face cavitation)吸力面空泡suction-face cavitation导边空泡leading edge cavitation蒸发器evaporator加热器heater冷凝器condenser挡水器demiser抽气喷射器air ejector凝水泵distillate pump盐水泵brine pump闪发室flash chamber盐度计salinity indicator第 8 部分交流发电机及配电板Alternating Current Generator& Switchboard 交流发电机altemator直流发电机dynamo发电机generator电磁式发电机励磁场线圈自励electro-magnetic generatormagnetic field coilself-excited串励并励复励定子转子电刷灭弧罩原动机配电箱主配电板区域配电板汇流排serise-woundshunt-wound compound-wound statorrotorelectric brusharc shieldprime motor distribution boardmain switch boardsection board bus bar配电板load-dispatching board(switch board) 频率fequency相位phase同相in phase同步指示器synchroscope自动电压调节器automatic voltage regulator (AVR)自动分载装置automatic load-sharing device自动调频调载器automatic frequency and load regulator发电机屏试验板供电网岸电接线箱脱扣装置保护装置欠压装置失压装置过载保护过流保护逆功率保护缺相保护短路电流保护操纵平台开关过载开关双刀开关限位开关断路器断流器自动断路器genertor pneltest boardsupply networkshore connection boxtrip deviceprotection deviceunder-voltage protectionno-voltage protectionover-load protectionover-current protectionreverse power protectionopen-phase protectionshort circuit current protection control platformswitchoverload switchdouble pole switchlimit switchbreakercut-outautomatic circuit breaker过载断路器over load circuit breaker空气断路器air circuit breaker整流器rectifier变压器transformer耦合变压器couple transformer放大器amplifier换向器commutator起动器stater继电器relay电抗器reactor电阻器resisor电容器condenser (capacitor)接触器contactor接线盒connection box并车操作parallel operation电流表ammeter电压表voltmeter功率表wattmeter频率表frequency meter并车开关paralleling switch电动机motor三相电动机three-phase motor同步感应电动机synchronous induction motor异步电动机asynchronous motor鼠笼式电动机squirrel cage motor第 9部分法规及消防设备Watchkeeping,International Convention &Fire FightingSTCW公约《 1978 年海员 international convention on standards of training,培训，发证和值班标准certification and watchkeeping for seafarers 1978国际公约》值班watchkeeping值班人员watchkeeper (watchkeeping personnel)航行值班underway watch接班人员relief定员rating任职资格qualification值班要求watch requirements对职责的适应fitness for duty职责范围areas of responsibility日常调节routine adjustment逃生路线escape routes驾驶台命令bridge order轮机日志engine room log book无人机舱un-attended machinery space (UMS)(unmanned machinery space) 国际公约international convention国际海事组织international maritime organization (IMO)海事委员会maritime commissionMARPOL公约《 1973 年防止 international convention for the prevention of pollution船舶污染国际公约》（ 1978 年修正） from ships 1973 (as modified by the protocol of 1978 relating therto)SOLAS公约《国际海上人命安全公约》international convention for the safety of life at sea油类记录簿oil record book国际防止污染证书(IOPP)international oil pollution prevention certificate原油洗舱 (COW)crude oil washing system惰性气体系统 (IGS)inert gas system专用压载舱 (SBT)segregated ballast tanks清洁压载舱 (CBT)clean ballast tanks排油监控系统oil discharge monitoring and control system焚烧炉incinerator散装有害液体货物记录簿cargo record book for ships carrying noxious liquid substances in bulk国际散装有害液体运输防污证书international pollution prevention certificate forthe carriage of noxious liquid substances in bulk客船安全证书passenger ship safety certificate货船无线电安全证书cargo ship safety radio certificate货船结构安全证书cargo ship safety construction certificate货船设备安全证书cargo ship safety equipment certificate中国船级社china classification society(CCS)中华人民共和国船舶检验局the register of shipping of the people's republic of china (ZC)定期检验periodical survey更新检验renewal survey年检annual survey中间检验intermediate survey火警探测器fire detector感烟探测器smoke detector火焰探测器flame detector感温探测器heat detector烟管警报系统smoke pipe fire alarm system蜂鸣器buzzer警铃alarm bell警报器howler灭火剂extinguishant灭火设备fire fighting equipment固定灭火设备fixed fire fighting equipment便携式灭火器portable extinguisher碳酸钠与酸混和灭火器soda-acid extinguisher泡沫式灭火器foam extinguisher化学泡沫式灭火器chemical foam extinguisher 机械泡沫式灭火器mechanical foam extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器干粉灭火器插销钢瓶喷嘴把手排出管触发开关喇叭状喷管固定灭火装置救火泵应急救火泵增压泵消防栓皮龙管快速扣合接头喷头carbon-dioxide extinguisher dry powder extinguisher plungersteel containernozzlehandledischarge hosetrigger controlhornfixed fire fighting installation fire pumpemergency fire pump booster pumphydranthosepipe(hose)snap-in connectorsprinkler head (sprayer)泡沫发生器foam generator惰性气体发生器insert gas generator消防部署fire fighting strategy消防演习fire fighting drills呼吸面具breathing apparatus卤化烃系统halon system卤化烃 1301 halon 1301(BTM)卤化烃 1211 halon 1211(BCF)第10部分维修常用词汇Useful Expressions in Repair ListA.故障 Troubles发现已无法修复found beyond repir发现尺寸过大found over-sized发现反应缓慢found slow function发现不正常found out of order发现不合标准found not up to standard发现不准确found inaccurate发现失效found ineffective发现失去作用found out of function发现咬住found seized发现冻结found stuck fast by icing发现过热found over heated发现过度磨损found excessive wear(found worn out;found worn away) 发现有一点倾斜found a little bit inclined发现因过热而毁坏found destroyed by over heating发现龟裂found chapped发现塌陷found collapaed发现运转失灵发现呈椭圆形发现拉痕发现拉毛面积发现变形found out of operationfound ovalfound scoredfound scuffed about XX in area found deformed发现变形超过xx mm found deformed over a length of XX MM发现松动发现油污发现赃污发现挤铅发现弯曲发现故障发现结霜发现损坏发现破裂成片发现部分剥离发现部分阻塞发现剧烈震动发现效率不高发现挠曲发现烧坏发现堵塞发现断裂发现接地发现敲缸发现漏泄发现熔化found loosefound greasyfound dirtyfound squeezedfound bentfound faultyfound frostedfound damagedfound broken into pieces found partly detachedfound partly blockedfound violent vibrationfound low efficiency found twistedfound burntfound chokedfound fracturedfound earthedfound knockingfound leaking(leaky) found melted away发现缩减约10mm found reduced about 10 mm发现在气缸内卡住found jammed up in the cylinder在某部位发现裂纹found cracked in way of如必要if necessary如发现必要if found chapped如发现有毛病any defectives if found一般要求 General Requirements一式两份交轮机长to be handed over to C/Ein duplicate(two copies)一式三份交轮机长to be handed over to C/Ein triplicate(three copies)一式四份交轮机长to be handed over to C/E in quadruplicate送交轮机长to be sent to C/E(to be delivered to C/E;TO be submitted to C/E)厂供to be supplied by yard以备检验to be prepared for survey用波浪键修补to be remedied by means of metallock用船上备件替换to be replaced with ship's spare用千斤顶提起to be jacked up出具证书certificates to be issued出具检验报告survey report to be issued充to be charged充以二氧化碳气体to be filled with co2 gas运至to be transported to取消to be cancelled供应to be provided供验船师检验to be presented for surveyor's inspection所有钢瓶测试all bottles to be calibrated所有钢瓶称重all bottles to be weighted制造并供应to be made and supplied按现有的制作并安装tobe fabricated and installedaccording to the existing one 除霜to be defrosted砌to be paved重充氟里昂 12 to be refilled with freon 12重充水银ti be recharged with marcury送至to be removed to(to be sent to;to be transferred to )送车间修理to be sent to work shop for repaira退回船上作备用to be returned to ship as spare绘制图纸交船srawing to be made and sumitted to ship按要求修理to be repaired as required按 302 项处理treated as item 302换新to be renewed消除eliminated修理时用盲板封口blinded during repair移至to beshifted to船供to be supplied by ship提供作备件用to be supplied as spare船舶所有人供应to be supplied by owner焊补to be patched up by welding提供to be furnished割掉to be cut off照样新作newly made as per sample增加to be addedC拆卸Dismantling从环槽中取出to be taken out from ring grooves打开检查to be opened up for inspection。
船舶柴油机Marinedieselengine
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销定位连杆大端
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螺栓柱面定位连杆大端
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连杆大端轴瓦
厚壁轴瓦： 低碳钢或青铜瓦背，t/D>0.065, 合金0.75～2mm 刚性好，轴瓦本身保证孔精度，对座孔要求低； 单件刮配，小批量生产,仅主轴承中应用。 轴瓦磨损过大时，可抽去调隙垫片再刮配。 为了防止轴瓦在座孔内移动，可用销钉定位。 易疲劳损坏
(锡青铜衬套或浇有轴承合金的卷制衬套 )
a)工字形杆身由模锻而成
b)圆形杆身由自由锻造毛坯车削加工成型 c)增加顶部中央截面抗弯能力的结构(四冲程) d)锥形活塞销座时相适应，主要承压面增大 e)阶梯形活塞销座时相适应，主要承压面增大 f)连杆小端衬套内表面制有许多布油槽
连杆小端的结构形式 活塞销与连杆小端固定连接 其它,活塞销与连杆小端固定形式 (见图)
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2.3.1 连杆(connecting rod)
连杆的功用及工作条件 连杆的要求与材料 筒形活塞式连杆结构 十字头式柴油机连杆结构 V型柴油机连杆 连杆螺栓
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2.3.1 连杆(connecting rod)
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筒状活塞式柴油机的连杆
连杆大端-(曲柄销的轴承)
(上、下两半,螺栓连接) 1. 船用式连杆大端
1：压缩比， 2：轴承间隙
图2-44 船用式和平切口式连杆大端
Lesson 8 Systems of Marine Diesel Engine
Lesson 8 Systems of Marine Diesel Engine船用柴油机系统Fuel oil systemThe fuel oil system for a diesel engine can be considered in two parts—the fuel supply and the fuel injection systems. 柴油机的燃油系统可分为燃油供应系统和燃油喷射系统两部分。
Fuel supply deals with the provision of fuel oil suitable for use by the injection system.燃油供应是指提供适合喷射系统使用的燃油。
A.Fuel oil supply for a two-stroke diesel engine二冲程柴油机的燃油供给A slow-speed two-stroke diesel is usually arranged to operate continuously on heavy fuel and have available a diesel oil supply for maneuvering conditions. 低速二冲程柴油机通常被设计为持续运行使用重油，同时，在机动操纵条件下也可使用柴油。
In the system shown in Fig. 8-1, the oil is stored in tanks in the double bottom from which it is pumped to a settling tank and heated. 在图8-1所示的系统中，燃油被储存在双层底舱中，从这里被泵泵送至沉淀柜并加热。
After passing through centrifuges then cleaned, heated oil is pumped to a daily service tank. 经过分油机离心分离后，干净的热油被泵送到日用油柜。
(完整版)船用柴油机专业英语
船用柴油机专业英语二冲程船用柴油机two stroke marine dieselengine 四冲程船用柴油机four stroke marine dieselengine高（中，低）速柴油机high(medium,lower)speed engine气缸cylinder气缸盖cylindercover(cylinder head)苏尔寿发动机Sulzer engineB&W型发动机Burmeister and Wain engine哥塔维根型发动机Gotaverken engine曼恩型发动机M.A.N.engineV型发动机V-type engine直流扫气式发动机uniflow scavenging typeengine回流扫气式发动机loop flow scavenging typeengine横流扫气式发动机crow-flow scavenging typeengine十字头式发动机crosshead engine筒形活塞式发动机trunk-ppiston engine 涡轮增压式发动机turbocharge engine固定部件fixed parts耐磨部件wear parts运动部件moving parts互换部件interchangeableparts气缸套cylinder liner示功阀indicatorcock(indicator valve)安全阀safety valve气缸启动阀cylinder airstarting valve缸套顶圈head ring forcylinder liner排气阀exhaust valve进气阀air inletvalve(suctionvalve)气阀传动机构valve drivingmechanism顶杆tapper rod推杆push rod摇臂rocker rod(rocking lever)活塞pistion十字头式活塞crosshead typepistion筒形活塞trunk pistion活塞头pistioncrown(head)活塞裙pistion skirt活塞体pistion body活塞销pistion pin(gudgeon pin)活塞环pistion ring气环（压缩环）compression ring刮油环oil scraperring(oil ring,scraper ring)布油环oildistributing ring 耐磨环wear ring活塞环槽pistion ring groove活塞冷却水管pistion cooling pipe往复管reciprocatingpipe伸缩管telescope pipe铰链管articulatedpipe活塞杆pistion rod活塞杆凸缘pistion rod flange活塞杆填料函stuffing box forpistion rod活塞杆填料箱gland box for pistionrod.packing gland for pistion rod填料函壳体stuffing box casing填料函张力弹簧tension spring forstuffing box填料函密封环sealing ring forstuffing box填料函刮油环scraper ring forstuffing box填料函压环pressure ring for stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland十字头cross head十字头销cross head pin十字头销轴承cross headbearing(cross head pin bearing)十字头滑块cross headshoe(guide shoe)十字头导板cross headguide(guide rail,guide way,guide plate)连杆connectingrod连杆小端轴承connecting rod smallend bearing连杆大端轴承connecting rod largeend bearing;connecting rod bottom end bearing曲柄销轴承crankpin bearing曲轴crank shaft曲轴臂crank arm曲轴销crank pin曲轴箱crankcase曲轴箱道门crankcasedoor(crankcase manhole)曲轴箱防爆门crankcase explosiondoor主轴承main bearing(bed plate bearing)倒挂式主轴承main bearing of underslung type轴承轴瓦上半块bearing bush-upper half轴承衬下半块bearing shell-lowerhalf主轴承撑杆螺栓main bearing stay bolt主轴颈crank shaftjournal(main journal)机座bed plate底座横隔板bed platetransverse member机架frame(column,entablature)底角螺栓holding down bolt(anchor bolt)贯穿螺栓through bolt (tierod,tie bolt)贯穿螺栓护盖protecting coveringfortie rod贯穿螺栓导套guide bush for tierod 推力轴thrust shaft推力轴承thrust bearing推力块thrust pad盘车机turning gear废气涡轮增压器exhaust gas turbocharge(turbo-blower)增压系统super chargingsystem机械增压mechanicalsupercharging单（复）式增压系统single(complex)type supercharging system二级增压two-stagesupercharging定压增压系统constant pressurecharging system脉冲增压系统impulse pressurecharging system变压增压variable pressurecharging system串联增压super charging inseries syatem并联增压super charging inparallel system直流扫气unislowscavenging回流扫气loop scavenging横流扫气cross scavenging气口扫气port scavenging气口-气阀扫气port-valve scavenging 扫气口scavenging port排气口exhaust port排气总管exhaust manifold排气管exhaust pipe上止点top deadcenter(TDC)下止点bottom deadcenter(BDC)燃烧室combustionchamber吸气行程inlet(suction)atroke压缩行程compressionstroke做功行程power (working)stroke排气行程exhaust stroke定时图timing diagram指示功indicated power轴功shaft power示功图indicator power控制系统control system启动控制装置control devic forstarting起动装置starting devic主起动阀main startingvalve空气压缩机air compressor空气瓶air bottle(aircontainer,air cylinder,air reservoir)起动手柄startinglever(starting handle)起动空气控制阀starting air controlvalve起动空气导阀starting air pilotvalve 起动阀starting valve分级活塞stepped pistion起动阀连锁装置starting valve blockingdevice起动凸轮starting cam起动空气管starting air pipe单凸轮换向装置single cam reversingdevice双凸轮换向装置double cam reversingdevice正车凸轮ahead cam正车油缸ahead oilcylinder (ahead oil bottle)自动停车装置automatic cut-outdevice空气分配器凸轮air distributor cam转向指示器running directionindicator换向杆reversing lever换向控制杆reversing controllever 排气凸轮exhaust cam喷油凸轮fuel cam主起动阀手轮hand wheel forstarting valve飞轮flywheel;turning wheel调速器goernor调速装置control devicefor running the engine极限调速装置maximum-speed governorgear 定速调速装置constant-speedgovernor gear全制式调速装置variable-speed governorgear机械调速器mechanical governor液压调速器hydraulic governor车钟telegraph凸轮传动机构camshaft transmissiongear链条传动chaintransmission(chain drive)齿轮传动gear tansmission链轮sprocket(sprocket wheel)惰轮idle wheel备车stand byengine完车finish engine停车stop engine微速前进（后退）dead slow ahead (astern)前进（后退）一slow ahead (astern)前进（后退）二half ahead (astern)前进（后退）三full ahead (astern)紧急前进（后退）三emergency fullahead(astern)起动start倒车reverse空气分配器air distributor气缸注油器cylinder lubricator。
船舶常用英语(一)汇总
一、船舶类型常用英语ship, vessel 船，船舶boat, craft 艇sampan 舢板, 小船manpowered boat 人力船sailor; sailing boat 帆船motor sailor 机帆船power-driven ship 机动船paddle steamer, paddle wheel vessel 明轮船screw ship; propeller vessel 螺旋桨船airscrew ship; aerial propeller vessel 空气螺旋桨船hovercraft; aircushion craft 气垫船hydrofoil 水翼船hydrojet propelled boat, water jet boat 喷水船steamship; steamer 蒸汽机船motor ship 内燃机船diesel ship 柴油机船electrically-propelled ship 电力推进船steam turbine ship 汽轮机船gas turbine ship 燃气轮机船nuclear-power ship 核动力船deck ship 甲板船flush deck ship 平甲板船raised quarter-deck ship 尾升高甲板船well-deck ship 半舱船single side ship 单舷长大舱口船three-island ship 三岛式船double shell ship 双壳船riveted ship 铆接船welded ship 焊接船transversely framed ship 横骨架式船longitudinally framed ship 纵骨架式船combined framed ship 混合骨架式船sea-going vessel 海船ocean-going vessel 远洋船coaster 沿海船channel ship 海峡船inland waterway vessel 内河船civil ship; merchant ship 民用船；商船transport ship 运输船pleasure yacht 游艇passenger ship 客船coasting passenger and cargo ship沿海客货船passenger and auto-car carrier 旅客及汽车运输船tourist ship; passenger carrier 旅游船cargo ship; freighter 货船cargo liner 定期货船tramp ship 不定期货船container ship 集装箱船full-container ship 全集装箱船semi-container ship 半集装箱船multi-purpose container ship 多用途集装箱船general cargo ship/vessel/carrier 杂货船bulk (cargo) carrier 散货船ore carrier 矿砂船grain carrier 运粮船coal carrier; coaler 运煤船lumber(timber) carrier 运木船cattle carrier 运牲畜船multi-purpose ship 多用途船liquid cargo ship 液体货货船chemical tank 化学品液货船liquid chemical tanker 液体化学品船liquefied gas carrier 液化气体船liquefied petroleum gas tanker (LPG) 液化石油气运输船liquefied natural gas tanker (LNG) 液化天然气运输船tanker; oil tanker 油轮super tanker 超级油轮VLCC (very large crude carrier) (吨位在20万至30 万吨之间的) 巨型油轮ULCC (ultra-large crude carrier) (吨位在30万至50万吨之间的) 超巨型油船refrigerated ship; cold storage ship 冷藏船roll-on/roll-off ship (RO/RO ship) 滚装船ferry 渡船passenger ferry 旅客渡船freight ferry 货物渡船fishing vessel(boat) 渔轮trawler 拖网渔轮barge carrier; lighter aboard ship(LASH)载驳船barge; lighter 驳船deck barge 甲板驳well-deck barge 半舱驳double shell barge 双壳驳single side barge 单舷长大舱口驳oil barge 油驳container barge 集装箱驳船RO/RO barge 滚装驳船liquefied gas barge 液化气体驳hopper barge 开底泥驳split hopper barge 对开泥驳pusher; pushboat 顶推船；推船working ship 工程船tug; tugboat; towboat 拖船harbor tug 港作拖船rescue tug 救助拖轮salvage ship 救捞船dredger 挖泥船trailing suction dredge 耙吸挖泥船cutter suction dredger 绞吸挖泥船bucket wheel dredger 斗轮挖泥船bucket dredger 链斗挖泥船reclamation craft 吹泥船grab dredger 抓斗挖泥船dipper dredger 铲斗挖泥船floating pitter; drive pitter 打桩船floating crane; derrick boat 起重船floating dock 浮船坞cable layer; cable ship 布缆船scientific surveying ship 科学考察船research ship 科学调查船oceanographic research vessel 海洋调查船surveying ship 测量船ice-breaker 破冰船pontoon 浮舟; 浮桥; 趸船, 浮码头high speed craft 高速船passenger catamaran 双体客船vehicle ferry catamaran 双体车辆渡船vehicle-passenger ferry catamaran 双体车客渡船pontoon catamaran 双体趸船二、船舶结构常用英语center line 中心线，中线athwartships 横对船体（与船首尾线直交）bevel 斜角；斜面base line 基线amidships 在船中部；在纵中线上designed waterline breadth 设计水线宽designed waterline length 设计水线长draft 吃水former/aft draft 首/尾吃水draft figures 吃水尺度intersection 交点；交叉；横断面knuckle 折角线length between perpendicular 垂线间长length overall 总长load waterline length 满载水线长register length (breadth; depth) 登记长度（宽度、深度）freeboard 干舷rise of floor (dead; rise) 舭高；船底loadline mark 载重水线标记fresh water load line (F.) 淡水载重线fresh water timber load line (L.F.) 淡水木材载重线tropical fresh water load line (TF) 热带淡水载重线tropical load line (T) 热带载重线summer load line(S) 夏季载重线summer freshwater load line(F) 夏季淡水载重线winter load line(W) 冬季载重线winter North Atlantic load line(WNA) 冬季北大西洋载重线even keel （首尾）等吃水，平载extreme breadth 最大宽度floatable length 可浸长度sheer at forward (after) perpendicular 首尾舷弧sheer line 舷弧线accommodation 居住舱室accommodation deck 起居舱室；旅客甲板accommodation ladder 舷梯accommodation ladder platform 舷梯平台accommodation ladder manrope 舷梯扶索after body 后（部船）体after peak bulkhead 艉尖舱舱壁after peak tank 艉尖舱air hole 空气孔air pipe 空气管appendage （船体水线下的）附体；附件auxiliary machinery 辅助机械；辅机balanced rudder 平衡舵ballast 压载（物）ballast line 压载水管系ballast pump 压载水泵ballast pumping system 压载水系统ballast tank(water) 压载舱（水）batten 板条；压条（封仓用）batten-ceiling （货舱内）护舱条，护板beam 横梁beam bracket 梁肘板bearding 交合线，榫（艏柱或艉柱上）bending moment 弯矩bilge 舭部；舱底；（船底）污水沟bilge bracket 舭肘板bilge keel(chock, piece) 舭龙骨bilge knee 舭肘板bilge line 舭水管系bilge main 舭水总管bilge pipe (suction) 舭吸水管bilge pump 舭水泵bilge strake(plate) 舭列板bilge well 污水井bitt 系缆桩bollard 系缆桩；系船柱；双系柱bolster 枕垫bonnet 烟囱帽；机罩boom 杆；吊杆；桁；叉架boom crutch(support; rest) 吊杆支架bossing 尾管突出部；轴包套bottom frame 船底横骨bottom longitudinal 船底纵骨bottom plate 船底板bow 船首，船头bow fender 艏护垫bow flare 艏部外飘bow thruster 首侧推器bracket 肘板；（三角）拖架breakwater 挡浪板bridge 桥；桥楼；驾驶台bulb angle 圆头角材bulbous bow 球形船首，球鼻首bulb stern 球形船尾bulkhead 舱壁bulkhead plating 舱壁板bulkhead stiffener 舱壁扶强材bulwark 舷墙bulwark plating 舷墙板bulwark stay 舷墙扶强材bunker tank 燃料舱bushing 衬套butt 端接；残片butt joint(seam) 平接缝butt riveting 对接铆butt welding 对接焊butterfly clip 蝴蝶夹bypass valve 旁通阀cable stopper 止链器camber 翘曲camber of beam 梁拱cant beam 斜梁cant bracket 斜角板cant frame 斜肋骨cantilever 悬臂梁capstan 绞盘；绞缆机cargo batten 货舱护板cargo block 吊货滑车cargo port 装货舷梯，舷门cat walk （油轮上的）天桥，步桥center girder 中底桁center strake 中央内底板chafing plate 防擦板chafing ring 防擦环chain lock(well) 锚链舱chain pipe 锚链管chain stopper 止链器chock 导缆器；垫木clamp plate 夹板，压板cleat 羊角；系绳铁栓；防滑条coaming 围板；舱口围板cofferdam 隔离舱collar plate 封板collision bulkhead 船首舱壁；防撞舱壁companion way(hatch) 升降口corrugated bulkhead 槽形舱壁corrugation 皱；槽形；波形cross deck structure 舱间甲板结构crossing strength member 交叉强力构件cruiser stern 巡洋舰型船尾curtain plate 幕板cut out 开口；切davit 吊艇架；吊艇柱deck 甲板deck beam 甲板横梁deckhouse 甲板室deck line 甲板线deck longitudinal 甲板纵骨deck stringer(plate) 甲板边板deep tank 深舱derrick 吊杆diaphragm 隔板double bottom 双层底doubling plate 双层焊合板drain hole 排水孔duct keel 箱形龙骨dunnage 垫舱（物料）；衬垫dunnage wood 垫木dynamic load 动载荷end bracket 端肘板escape trunk （船内）应急通道engine bed 机座engine casing 机舱围壁escape scuttle （船内）应急出口escape vent 脱险口expansion joint 伸缩接头expansion trunk(tank) （油船）膨胀深井extension bracket 延伸肘板face plate 面板fender 碰垫；护舷材fender bar 护舷条fair lead 导缆器flame screen 防焰罩flange 折边flanged bracket 折边肘板flat keel 平板龙骨floor 肋板folding door 折门forecastle deck 艏楼甲板fore peak tank （船的）首舱；前尖舱forward perpendicular 首垂线foundation 底座frame 肋骨frame number 肋骨跨数frame space 肋距freeing port 甲板排水孔；放水孔gangway (gang ladder or gang board) 舷梯gasket 垫圈，垫料（集）密封垫general service pipe (G.S pump) 通用泵，总用泵girder 桁材gooseneck(parity iron) 鹅颈头；吊杆弯头grating 格子板；滑铁板ground tackle 锚泊索具gunwale 舷缘；舷边gunwale angle 舷边角钢gunwale bar 舷边角材gunwale railing 舷边栏杆gunwale tank 舷侧水柜（甲板下）gusset 角板；扣板gutter （甲板）水沟；槽沟gutter angle; waterway angle （舷侧）排水沟角钢gypsy 绞筒（锚机绞车上的）handrail 舷墙扶手hanging rudder; hinged rudder 吊舵；悬舵hatch; hatchway; hatch opening 舱口hatch bar 封舱压条hatch batten 舱口边压条hatch beam (web) 舱口大梁hatch booby 活动舱口盖hatch coaming 舱口板hatch cover 舱口盖hatch end beam 舱口端梁hatch moulding 舱口椽材hatch side girder 舱口纵桁hatch tarpaulin 盖舱布hatch trunk 舱口围阱hawse pipe 锚链管hawser 绳索；大缆heel 踵材；横倾hinged cover(door) 铰链盖（门）hold 货舱hold beam 舱内梁hold frame 舱内肋骨hold ladder 舱内梯hold stanchion(pillar) 舱内支柱hold stringer 舱内纵桁hopper 漏斗；开舱泥驳hopper tank 底边舱hopper tank sloping plating 底边舱斜板horizontal margin plate 水平内底板horizontal girder 水平桁horizontal stiffener 水平扶强材（防挠材）hull 船壳，船体hull construction 船体结构hull plating 船壳板hull strength 船体强度inner bottom 内底inner bottom plating 内底板insert plate 嵌板；衬板jack 千斤顶jack ladder 绳梯Jacob's ladder 软梯；绳梯Joggled joint 折接；弯合joggling machine 折曲机keel 龙骨keelblock 龙骨墩keel line 龙骨线；艏艉线keel plate 龙骨板keel rail （救生艇）艇底把手keelson 内龙骨kingpost 起重柱；将军柱knee 肘板；弯头knee of the deck 甲板梁肘板lightening hole 减轻孔lignum vitae 铁梨木local strength 局部强度local stress 局部应力longitudinal 纵骨；纵材；纵桁longitudinal bulkhead 纵舱壁longitudinal bending 纵向弯曲longitudinal framing system 纵骨架式longitudinal strength 纵向强度lug 耳板main deck 主甲板main frame 主肋骨manhole 人孔man hole door 人孔盖man hole coaming 人孔围板moment of inertia 惯性矩margin plate 内底边板molded breadth 型宽molded depth 型深mooring hole 导缆孔mooring post 系缆柱；岸柱mud box 泥箱non-return valve 止回阀non-watertight bulkhead 非水密舱壁notch 切口；槽口；刻痕oscillating load 振动负荷parallel middle body 平行中体panel stiffener 板格扶强材panting arrangement 防挠振结构panting beam 防挠振梁panting stringer 防挠振纵桁pillar 支柱；墩pintle 舵销plane bulkhead 平面舱壁plane keel 平板龙骨pump room 泵舱helm(rudder) pintle 舵销horizontal margin plate 水平内底边板out bottom plating 外底板platform 平台plating 壳板plimsoll mark 载重线标志poop 艉楼；船尾poop deck 艉楼甲板port 舷门；舱门；（装货）口；窗；门；孔porthole 舷窗；（装货）舷门propeller; propellor 推进器；螺旋桨propeller aperture 螺旋桨空间propeller boss(bub) 螺旋桨毂propeller shaft 艉轴racking （船体）横向挠度rail 扶手；栏杆rolling 横摇round of beam 梁拱round stern 圆（船）尾rudder 舵rudder carrier 舵托rudder casing 舵杆管rudder pintle 舵针；舵栓rudder plate; rudder blade 舵叶；舵板rudder post 舵柱rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围壁；舵杆管rung （梯子）踏步；横档scallop 扇形开孔scantling 构件尺寸scantling of the structure 结构尺寸scarf; scarph 嵌接处；斜面；斜接scarf joint 斜（嵌）接scarf weld （斜面）焊接scarfing bracket 嵌接肘板scupper 排水孔scupper pipe 排水管scuttle 舷窗；人孔（盖）；小舱口盖seam 焊缝；接缝section 剖面section modulus 剖面模数semi-balanced rudder 半平衡舵shaft 轴shaft bracket 轴架shaft tube; stern tube 艉轴管shaft tunnel(alley; passage; trunk) 轴隧；地轴弄shedder plate 泄板；斜板sheer 舷弧；偏航sheer strake 舷顶列板shell 船壳；壳shell frame 舷侧肋骨shell plating 船壳板；外板shell strake; outside plating 船体外板shelter deck 遮蔽甲板shifting beam 活动舱口梁shifting board (or plank) 止移板（散装谷类）；防动板side girder 旁桁材side longitudinal 舷侧纵骨side plating 舷侧外板side strake 舷侧列板single bottom 单层底skid 护舷木；垫板skylight 天窗slanting plate 斜板slop tank 污油水舱sloping plate 斜板sloping plate longitudinal 斜板纵骨slot 槽；开缝sluice 水密门；水闸sluice valve 闸阀sniped end 削斜端soft toe 软趾solid floor 实肋板sounding pipe 测量管；测深管stabilizer 减摇装置stabilizing tank 减摇水舱staging 构架；台架；脚手架stanchion 支柱；栏杆柱static load 静载荷stay 支柱；撑条；支索stay bar(or rod) 撑杆stay plate 撑板stem 艏；艏柱；艏材stem post 艏柱stern 船尾，艉部stern counter 船尾突出体stern shaft; propeller shaft 艉轴stern poop 艉楼stern post 尾柱stiffener 防挠材；扶强材；加固物stool 托架，座，凳strake 列板strength calculation 强度计算strength deck 强力甲板stringer 纵桁stringer plate 甲板边板structural member 构件structural strength 结构强度strum box （舱底水）过滤箱strut 撑材，支柱，轴架stuffing box 填料箱superstructure 上层建筑tail (end) shaft 艉轴tarpaulin 防水油布，帆布，舱盖布thrust bearing(block) 推力轴承thrust shaft collars 推力环tieplate 带板，牵板，连接板topside tank 顶边舱；上边柜topside tank sloping plating 顶边舱斜板torsion 扭转torsion strength 扭转强度transom stern 方形船尾transverse 横梁，横材transverse bulkhead 横舱壁transverse frame 横肋骨，横框transverse framing system 横骨架式transverse ring 横环transverse strength 横向强度tripping bracket 防倾肘板tween deck 中间甲板tween deck frame 甲板间肋骨twisting distortion 扭转变形twisting moment 扭转力矩tunnel 轴隧，隧道，风筒tunnel escape 轴隧应急出口tunnel shaft bearing 中间轴支撑轴承ullage pipe (port) 油位测定管（孔）ullage space 空挡空间upper deck 上甲板upper (reverse) frame 内底横骨upper (lower) shelf plate 上（下）支架板upper (lower) stool 上（下）托架ventilator 通风筒vertical ballast trunk 竖向压载通道vertical girder 竖桁warping chocks 滚轮导缆钳wash bulkhead 可荡舱壁，挡水舱壁watertight bulkhead 水密舱壁watertight deck 水密门weather deck 露天甲板web beam 强横梁，桁板横梁web frame 加强肋骨，框架肋骨，桁板肋骨web plate 腹板wedge 楔木，楔子winch 起货机winch-head 绞车卷筒windlass 起锚机wing tank 翼舱，翼柜wire clip 钢缆夹wire reel 卷缆车，钢丝滚筒三、船舶材料及工艺常用英语A.Shipbuilding material (造船材料)T-bar T型钢Z-bar Z型钢I-B ar 工字钢channel bar 槽钢angle steel 角钢equal angle steel 等边角钢unequal angle steel 不等边角钢offset bulb plate 球扁钢flat plate 钢板round steel 圆钢half round steel 半圆钢steel pipe 钢管alloy steel 合金钢special steel 特种钢tempering steel 回火钢材low carbon steel 低碳钢high tensile steel 高强度钢copper 紫铜brass 黄铜aluminum alloy 铝合金stainless steel 不锈钢mechanical property 机械性能tensile test 拉伸试验bend test 弯曲试验impact test 冲击试验torsion test 扭转试验torsion strength 抗扭强度torsional deflection 扭转；扭转变形tensile strength 拉伸强度yield strength 屈服强度yield point 屈服点yield stress 屈服应力elastic limit 弹性极限ultimate strength 极限强度ultimate tensile stress 极限拉伸应力elasticity 弹性ductility 延展性，可塑（锻）性flexibility 挠性，柔性，易弯性toughness 韧性brittleness 脆性friability 易碎性hardness 硬度rigidity 刚性，稳定性heat treatment 热处理quench 淬火normalising 正火annealing 退火hardening 硬化，淬火tempering 回火casting 铸件，铸造forging 锻件，锻造pickling 酸洗ship timber 船用木材lignumvitae 铁梨木three-plywood 三夹板asbestos 石棉asbestos cloth 石棉布asbestos board 石棉板asbestos sheet 石棉纸asbestos cord 石棉绳asbestos paint 石棉涂料fiberglass 玻璃丝plastics 塑料resin 树脂rubber 橡皮painting 油漆cladding 镀层，表面处理coating 涂层，敷料corrosion 腐蚀，侵蚀wastage 损耗，蚀耗wear and tear 蚀损，磨损fracture 裂纹fatigue fracture 疲劳裂纹hairline fracture 发式裂纹buckling 皱折deformation 变形deflection, deflexion 挠曲flexion 弯曲lamellar tearing 层间撕裂rust 铁锈scale 锈皮pitting 点蚀，锈斑indent 凹痕，凹陷groove 槽沟detachment 脱开，脱焊rupture 断裂，破裂cropping 割掉renewal 换新descale 除锈grind 磨平be veed out 刨除alignment 对准，校直snip 剪断，剪片taper 削斜，斜度B.Shipbuilding workmanship （造船工艺）Working drawing 施工图end elevation 后面图front elevation 正面图side elevation 侧面图plane 平面图lines plan 型线图plan of waterlines 水线图general arrangement plan 总布置图construction plan 结构图damage plan 损坏示意图shell expansion plan 外板展开图docking plan 进坞图framing plan 船体构架图inboard pro 纵剖面图midship section plan 舯剖面图loaded waterline plane 满载水线图half breadth plan 半宽水线图stowage plan 配载图laying off lofting 放样mold loft floor 放样台mold loft 放样间template 样板mold loft batten, template batten 木样条evolute 展开线allowance 余量assembly 装配subassembly 分段装配subdivision length 分段长度shipbuilding tolerance 造船公差building berth 船台building dock 干坞slip dock 湿坞marine slipway, railway dry dock 船排marine slipway cradle 船排支架building block, stocks 枕木launch 下水launching ways 下水滑道launching grade 下水坡度launching cradle 下水架end launching 纵向下水side way launching 横向下水hydraulic press 水压机flanging machine 折边机plate bending machine 弯板机angle cutter 角钢切断机planing machine 刨边机shearing machine 剪床guillotine shear 龙门剪床oxy-acetylene welding 氧-乙炔焊co2 gas welding 二氧化碳气体焊arc welding 电弧焊unionmelt welding 埋弧自动焊fusion welding 熔焊fillet welding 角焊flat seam 对接缝butt joint welding 对接焊intermittent welding 间断焊；断续焊staggered intermittent welding 交错断续焊缝lap weld 搭接焊slot weld 槽焊；长孔焊plug weld 塞焊；圆孔焊run of welding 焊道welding torch 焊炬welding rod 焊条flux 焊药filler metal; deposited metal 熔敷金属welding stress 焊接应力welding procedure 焊接方法welding throat 焊喉cutting torch 割炬acetylene generator 乙炔发生器slag 熔渣undercut （焊接）咬边；根切hydraulic test 水压试验pressure test 压力试验flooding test 灌水试验hose test 冲水试验oil tight test 油密试验purchase trial 交船试验四、船舶性能常用英语angle of vanishing stability 稳性消失角buoyancy 浮性buoyancy curve 浮力曲线capsizing lever, upsetting lever 倾覆力臂capsizing moment, upsetting moment 倾覆力矩center of buoyancy 浮心center of floatation 漂心center of gravity 重心curve of areas of waterplanes 水线面积曲线curve of section areas 横剖面面积曲线curve of volumes of displacement 排水量曲线dynamical stability（curve）动稳性（曲线）entrance angle 进水角floodable length 可浸长度force of buoyancy, buoyant force 浮力free surface 自由液面heaving 垂荡heeling angle 横倾角heeling moment 横倾力矩hogging 中拱hogging condition 中拱状态hogging moment(stress) 中拱力矩（应力）hydrostatic curves 静水力曲线initial metacenter 初稳心initial stability 初稳性insubmersibility 抗沉性longitudinal inclination; list; heel 纵倾longitudinal stability 纵稳性panting （波浪对船体的）冲击period of rolling 横摇周期pitching 纵摇pounding 波浪冲击maneuverability 操纵性margin line 限界线metacenter 稳心moment to change trim one centimeter 每厘米纵倾力矩permissible length 许可长度potential head 势头pressure head 压头restoring moment, righting moment 复原力矩restoring lever, righting lever 复原力臂rolling 横摇sagging 中垂sagging condition 中垂状态sagging moment(stress) 中垂力矩（应力）seaworthiness 适航性stability 稳性stability at large angles 大倾角稳性stability criterion numeral 稳性横准数static head 静压头（力）statical stability (curve) 静稳性（曲线）surging 纵荡swaying 横荡tons per centimeter of immersion 每厘米吃水吨数total head (pressure) 总压头（力）transverse inclination, trim 纵倾transverse (longitudinal) metacenter 横（纵）稳心transverse (longitudinal) stability 横（纵）稳性trim by the bow (stern) 首（尾）倾turning quality (circle) 回转性（圈）velocity head 速头weigh curve 重力曲线yawing 艏摇五、船体检验常用英语THE DESCRIPTION OF DAMAGEA.General descriptions1.in good condition 情况良好2.in poor condition 情况欠佳3.in bad condition 情况不佳，情况不良4.in a neglected condition 缺乏保养5.not properly serviced 未经正常保养6.not properly cleaned 未经正常清洁7.not properly protected未经正常保护8.not properly insulated未经正常隔热（或电气绝缘）9.not properly adjusted 未经正常校正10.defective 有缺陷的（失效）11.damaged 损坏damaged beyond repair 损坏了无法修复12.failed (in failure) 失效13.cut of order (in trouble) 故障out of action 停止工作（作用），不是指故障14.in disorder 零乱（船属具零乱了）15.not working 不能工作16.inoperative 不能工作（失效）unworkable, inoperable 指本身不能工作，在损坏状况判断中不能使用17.out of function 不能工作，失去作用，不起作用18.unserviceable (useless) 不能使用（指必须换新的损坏部件）19.could not be started(failed to start) 不能启动20.empty 空的21.fitted incorrectly 安装不正确（指小型的装置设备）installed incorrectly 安装不正确（指较大的装置设备）22.dangerous accumulation of inflammablevapors 可燃气体危险集积it was obvious that this state had existed for a considerable time （损坏）状况是长期存在的23.sluggish in (action, answering) （动作、应答）迟钝B.Deficiencies1.no…fitted, no…provided 未装2.no…available未备有3.missing 遗失4.incomplete 不齐全，不完整5.deficient 不足，缺少6.insufficient 不足7.neglected 遗漏8.omitted 遗漏，省去9.removed 移开，拆走10.washed overboard 冲走11.dropped 跌落12.fitted with wrong ….(size, material, devices…)错用（尺寸，材料，仪器）C.Tightness, stains, loss of etc.1.Leaking 漏2.infiltrating (seeping) 渗漏3.weeping 泪滴4.sweating 汗滴5.not watertight 不水密6.loss of watertightness 失去水密性（比5好）7.loss of airtightness 失去气密性8.loss of oiltightness 失去油密性9.escaping of cool 逃冷10.loss of lub-oil pressure 滑油压力降低11.loss of water pressure 水压力降低12.oil polluted 油污染13.oil soaked 油浸14.water soaked 水浸15.water stained 水渍16.oil stained 油渍17.rust in patches 锈斑18.verdigris in patches 铜绿斑19.water marks 水渍D.Crack, score, break etc.1.scuffed 拉毛（仅从反光上可观察到）2.chafed 擦痕3.scored 拉痕（痕较chafed深）4.scratched 抓痕（硬拉过的痕）5.scraped 刮痕（长期运行刮的痕）6.grooved 槽痕（比pitting深）7.ridged 凸起雷治痕（环状的痕）8.cracked 裂痕hair crack 发痕surface crack 表面裂痕through crack 穿透裂痕non-through crack 未穿透裂痕9.chapped 龟裂，折裂10.fractured 折裂11.broken off 破掉（破裂后跌落）broken 破裂，破碎12.holed 穿洞13.holed & flooded 破洞浸水14.opened 开口15.bent 弯曲16.canted 倾斜17.buckled 皱折18.warped 翘起，翘曲19.indented (dented) 凹痕，凹陷（指船壳板在两档肋位间的凹陷）20.set in 凹陷（指船壳板较大面积的凹陷）21.waved 波曲22.curled 卷曲（指绳索）23.rumpled 褶皱（指垫片）24.bulged 鼓起，凸出25.collapsed 倾陷，倾倒26.ruptured 毁损27.torn off 撕破torn 拉脱28.pierced 刺破29.peeled 剥皮（油漆剥落）30.burst 爆破（指高压管路）31.blown off (packing) 吹脱32.distorted 扭曲，歪扭33.engine break-down 因故障机器突然停车E.Corrosion, seizing, choking etc.1.corrosion 腐蚀2.wasted 耗油3.deteriorated 蚀薄4.thinned 变薄5.pitted 麻点6.eroded 侵蚀7.rusted 生锈8.rotten （木、橡胶）腐烂、腐坏9.decayed （电缆）腐烂、腐坏10. aerated（橡胶、电缆）腐烂、腐坏11. aged 老化12. seized 咬住13. seized by corrosion 锈死14. stuck （粘）咬住15. rust-jammed 锈轧16. fouled 拥塞17. clogged堵塞（常指管子的堵塞）18. blocked 阻塞19. gagged 塞口20. foul & dirty 闭塞21. blanked 封没22. plugged 闭塞23. choked 卡住，阻塞F.Wear, loose, clearance etc.1.Loose 松动2.starting （铆钉）松动3.slack 松动slack back 松出4.worn 磨损5.worn cut evenly 均匀磨损6.worn cut unevenly 不均匀磨损7.worn on one side 单边磨损8.worn out symmetrically 对称磨损9.distorted （轴线弯曲并扭转）扭曲10.sprung （铆钉）扭歪11.twisted （轴线未弯、纯扭转）扭转12.excess clearance 间隙过大13.excess backlash 齿隙过大14.excess vibration 振动过大15.excess noise level 噪音过大16.loose engagement 啮合太松17.loose connection 接头松动18.tooth 齿worn out 磨损chopped off 崩缺fractured 折断19.knocking 敲击knocking cylinder 敲缸knocking valve gear 伐件敲缸knocking bearing 轴承敲缸20.bearing metal 轴承合金detached 脱壳cracked 开裂wiped 铺铅belted 熔化oil groove blocked 油槽堵塞21.out off roundness 失圆22.out off alignment 拉线不直23.off-centering 偏心24.deflected 偏斜G.Burning, heating, etc.1.Sparking 火花2.arcking (arcing) 电弧mutator 整流器scored 拉痕burnt 烧坏worn 磨耗，磨损uneven 不平sparking 火花blackened 发黑rough 粗糙mica undercut 弧坑4.brush set incorrectly 碳刷安装不正确5.scorched 烤焦6.coked 结焦7.charred 结碳8.overheated 过热9.broken down 击穿10. short-circuit 短路11. setting incorrect 整定值不正确12. tripped incorrect 脱扣不正常13. batteriescompletely discharged（电）完全发光undercharged 未充满overcharged 充电过量dry water 水干A. Remove, crop etc.1.Removed 拆下2.removed & replaced 拆装3.removed, faired & replaced拆装拷平4.cropped & renewed 割换（管、板、栏杆）5.partly renewed 部分换新6.partly cropped & renewed 部分割换7.cut off 割除8.faired 拷平9.faired on 原地拷平10.faired in place 原地拷平11.straightened 拷直、校直12.dismantle 拆卸（某一零件）13.disassembled 拆散（解体）14.stripped 拆除（某一部件）15.unshipped 拆下16.disconnected 断开（线、管接头）17.opened 打开18.lifted 抬升、举起19.jacked 顶起（用千斤顶顶起）20.replaced (by, with) 换用21.patch 贴补B.Fit, scrape, grind etc.1.fitted & scraped 拂刮2.fitted & ground 拂磨3.scraped & ground 刮磨4.made to fit 拂合（装配好）5.run to fit 跑合（运动磨合）6.ground round 磨圆7.ground smooth 磨光8.ground & reamed 磨绞9.bored round 镗圆10.planed smooth 刨光11.polished 抛光12.machined 光车13.skimmed 光刀14.finish machined 精加工15.rough machine 粗加工C.Re-metal, adjust, check etc1.Remetalled 重浇白合金2.re-babbitted 重浇白合金（专指巴氏合金）3.pulled out 拉出4.drawn out 抽出5.taken out 取出6.adjusted 调整，校正adjusted for alignment 校正拉线adjusted true 校正拉线adjusted for clearance 校正间隙adjusted for centering 校中adjusted for deflection 校偏7.checked 检查checked for roundness 检查圆度checked for insulation resistance 检查绝缘电阻checked for centering检查中心位置checked for alignment 检查拉线checked for clearance 检查间隙8.cleaned 清洁9.wire-scrubbed 钢丝刷（除锈）10.chipped & scraped 拷锈（油漆）11.measured & recorded 测量并记录12.logged (hourly) 记录（小时）D.weld, rivet, wind etc.1.r epaired by welding 电焊修理2.w elded 补焊、焊接3.c losed up by welds （面积、深度、高度较大）焊补4.b uilt up by welds 堆焊5.p lug welded 塞焊6.s pot welded 点焊7.b utt welded 对接焊8 tackweld 点焊、平头焊、定位焊。
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船用柴油机专业英语二冲程船用柴油机two stroke marine dieselengine 四冲程船用柴油机four stroke marine dieselengine高（中，低）速柴油机high(medium,lower)speed engine气缸cylinder气缸盖cylindercover(cylinder head)苏尔寿发动机Sulzer engineB&W型发动机Burmeister and Wain engine哥塔维根型发动机Gotaverken engine曼恩型发动机M.A.N.engineV型发动机V-type engine直流扫气式发动机uniflow scavenging typeengine回流扫气式发动机loop flow scavenging typeengine横流扫气式发动机crow-flow scavenging typeengine十字头式发动机crosshead engine筒形活塞式发动机trunk-ppiston engine 涡轮增压式发动机turbocharge engine固定部件fixed parts耐磨部件wear parts运动部件moving parts互换部件interchangeableparts气缸套cylinder liner示功阀indicatorcock(indicator valve)安全阀safety valve气缸启动阀cylinder airstarting valve缸套顶圈head ring forcylinder liner排气阀exhaust valve进气阀air inletvalve(suctionvalve)气阀传动机构valve drivingmechanism顶杆tapper rod推杆push rod摇臂rocker rod(rocking lever)活塞pistion十字头式活塞crosshead typepistion筒形活塞trunk pistion活塞头pistioncrown(head)活塞裙pistion skirt活塞体pistion body活塞销pistion pin(gudgeon pin)活塞环pistion ring气环（压缩环）compression ring刮油环oil scraperring(oil ring,scraper ring)布油环oildistributing ring 耐磨环wear ring活塞环槽pistion ring groove活塞冷却水管pistion cooling pipe往复管reciprocatingpipe伸缩管telescope pipe铰链管articulatedpipe活塞杆pistion rod活塞杆凸缘pistion rod flange活塞杆填料函stuffing box forpistion rod活塞杆填料箱gland box for pistionrod.packing gland for pistion rod填料函壳体stuffing box casing填料函张力弹簧tension spring forstuffing box填料函密封环sealing ring forstuffing box填料函刮油环scraper ring forstuffing box填料函压环pressure ring for stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland十字头cross head十字头销cross head pin十字头销轴承cross headbearing(cross head pin bearing)十字头滑块cross headshoe(guide shoe)十字头导板cross headguide(guide rail,guide way,guide plate)连杆connectingrod连杆小端轴承connecting rod smallend bearing连杆大端轴承connecting rod largeend bearing;connecting rod bottom end bearing曲柄销轴承crankpin bearing曲轴crank shaft曲轴臂crank arm曲轴销crank pin曲轴箱crankcase曲轴箱道门crankcasedoor(crankcase manhole)曲轴箱防爆门crankcase explosiondoor主轴承main bearing(bed plate bearing)倒挂式主轴承main bearing of underslung type轴承轴瓦上半块bearing bush-upper half轴承衬下半块bearing shell-lowerhalf主轴承撑杆螺栓main bearing stay bolt主轴颈crank shaftjournal(main journal)机座bed plate底座横隔板bed platetransverse member机架frame(column,entablature)底角螺栓holding down bolt(anchor bolt)贯穿螺栓through bolt (tierod,tie bolt)贯穿螺栓护盖protecting coveringfortie rod贯穿螺栓导套guide bush for tierod 推力轴thrust shaft推力轴承thrust bearing推力块thrust pad盘车机turning gear废气涡轮增压器exhaust gas turbocharge(turbo-blower)增压系统super chargingsystem机械增压mechanicalsupercharging单（复）式增压系统single(complex)type supercharging system二级增压two-stagesupercharging定压增压系统constant pressurecharging system脉冲增压系统impulse pressurecharging system变压增压variable pressurecharging system串联增压super charging inseries syatem并联增压super charging inparallel system直流扫气unislowscavenging回流扫气loop scavenging横流扫气cross scavenging气口扫气port scavenging气口-气阀扫气port-valve scavenging 扫气口scavenging port排气口exhaust port排气总管exhaust manifold排气管exhaust pipe上止点top deadcenter(TDC)下止点bottom deadcenter(BDC)燃烧室combustionchamber吸气行程inlet(suction)atroke压缩行程compressionstroke做功行程power (working)stroke排气行程exhaust stroke定时图timing diagram指示功indicated power轴功shaft power示功图indicator power控制系统control system启动控制装置control devic forstarting起动装置starting devic主起动阀main startingvalve空气压缩机air compressor空气瓶air bottle(aircontainer,air cylinder,air reservoir)起动手柄startinglever(starting handle)起动空气控制阀starting air controlvalve起动空气导阀starting air pilotvalve 起动阀starting valve分级活塞stepped pistion起动阀连锁装置starting valve blockingdevice起动凸轮starting cam起动空气管starting air pipe单凸轮换向装置single cam reversingdevice双凸轮换向装置double cam reversingdevice正车凸轮ahead cam正车油缸ahead oilcylinder (ahead oil bottle)自动停车装置automatic cut-outdevice空气分配器凸轮air distributor cam转向指示器running directionindicator换向杆reversing lever换向控制杆reversing controllever 排气凸轮exhaust cam喷油凸轮fuel cam主起动阀手轮hand wheel forstarting valve飞轮flywheel;turning wheel调速器goernor调速装置control devicefor running the engine极限调速装置maximum-speed governorgear 定速调速装置constant-speedgovernor gear全制式调速装置variable-speed governorgear机械调速器mechanical governor液压调速器hydraulic governor车钟telegraph凸轮传动机构camshaft transmissiongear链条传动chaintransmission(chain drive)齿轮传动gear tansmission链轮sprocket(sprocket wheel)惰轮idle wheel备车stand byengine完车finish engine停车stop engine微速前进（后退）dead slow ahead (astern)前进（后退）一slow ahead (astern)前进（后退）二half ahead (astern)前进（后退）三full ahead (astern)紧急前进（后退）三emergency fullahead(astern)起动start倒车reverse空气分配器air distributor气缸注油器cylinder lubricator。